Zero-rating in emerging mobile markets: Free Basics and Wikipedia Zero in Ghana Genevieve Gebhart University of Washington Information School Seattle, WA 98103
[email protected] ABSTRACT governments. In the case of Free Basics and Wikipedia Zero, Despite widespread controversy surrounding zero-rating—that is, platform providers Facebook and the Wikimedia Foundation the practice of subsidizing mobile data—the field suffers from a partner with Ghanaian telcos Airtel and MTN, respectively, to lack of inquiry into user understanding of and experience with provide free access to their applications. The Free Basics zero-rated services. This paper explores how Ghanaian mobile application provides access to Facebook and a country-specific users interact with zero-rated mobile applications Free Basics and suite of content and services (see Appendix 1 for content and Wikipedia Zero. Based on semi-structured interviews with users services in Ghana), and Wikipedia Zero provides access to and and non-users of the applications, I discuss how mobile phone editing capabilities in all language editions of Wikipedia. users perceive Free Basics and Wikipedia Zero, what motivates As Free Basics and Wikipedia Zero expand to more countries and them to use or not use the applications, and how the availability of regions, zero-rating has become the subject of controversy. While the applications influences their data-buying strategies. Findings proponents assert its potential to connect more numerous and suggest that respondents, including those who did not actively use diverse users to the Internet, critics argue that it may violate the applications, understood and experienced Free Basics and network neutrality, and as such may pose a threat to openness and Wikipedia Zero in ways divergent from the providers’ aim of innovation on the Internet [14, 27, 30].