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7MCE3E3 Multimedia Systems

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7MCE3E3 Multimedia Systems MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM-7MCE3E3 UNIT-I MULTIMEDIA DEFINITION MULTIMEDIA HARDWARE MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION MULTIMEDIA ENVIRONMENT MUTIMEDIA COMPUTER COMPONENTS MULTIMEDIA STANDARDS MULTIMEDIA PC 1.1 MULTIMEDIA DEFINITION Introduction Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics, drawings, images). Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally. The Computer, communication and broadcasting fields widely used Multimedia What is Multimedia: A Multimedia is an Application which uses a collection of multiple media sources e.g. text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and video. 1.2 MULTIMEDIA HARDWARE Most of the computers now-a-days equipped with the hardware components required to develop/view multimedia applications. Multimedia related hardware includes video and audio equipment required at multimedia production and presentation. These equipment’s can be divided into a) Image and video capturing equipment b) Image and video storage equipment c) Image and Video output equipment d) Audio equipment a) Image and video capturing equipment’s: Still camera, video camera, scanners and video recorders • Still Camera/Digital Camera - Digital camera is an input device to input images that is then stored in digital form. • Digital Video Camera - Digital Video camera is an input device to input images/video that is then stored in digital form. The normal consumer cameras use single image sensor chip ,whose output has to be multiplexed to produce three colors red, green, blue. The three sensor camera has a separate chip for each color . The three sensor camera is used there are various stages of generation of the video and audio signals (in fig) The RGB output produces more than 400 lines per frame. The RGB system produce three output signals: S-video, Composite video and RF output. S-video-high quality,used at Y/C stage,it combines luminance and chrominance of color, resolution 400 lines per frame. composite video–a single signal contains the complete picture information,while the audio is represented by a separate signal.resolution 200 lines per frame. RF output- lowest quality ,not used for multimedia, combines both audio and video signals. • Scanner - Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disc of the computer for further manipulation. Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into the digital form that can be stored on the disc. These images can be edited before they are printed. • Video Tape/Cassette Recorders (VTR ,VCR) is a tape recorder designed to record and play back video and audio material on magnetic tape. They were used in television studios, serving as a replacement for motion picture film stock and making recording for television applications cheaper and quicker. the machines which play them are called video cassette recorders. Formet of video BETA,VHS, VIDEO, PAL, SECAM, NTSC. b)Image, audio and video storage equipment: Storage Devices, laser discs, video tapes, optical discs Memory and Storage Devices - we need memory for storing various files, audio and video clips, edited images. Primary Memory- Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which computer is currently working. It has limited capacity and data gets lost when power is switched off. The data and instructions required to be processed earlier reside in main memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM Flash Memory- Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory, which can speed up CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by CPU. Secondary Memory: This type of memory is also known as external memory or non- volatile. It is slower than main memory. These are used for storing Data/Information permanently. CPU directly does not access these memories; instead they are accessed via input-output routines. Contents of secondary memories are first transferred to main memory and then CPU can access it. For example, laser discs, video tapes, optical discs(CD-ROM, DVD), etc. Laser Discs,LaserDisc (LD) is a home video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium, Optical Discs An optical disc is an electronic data storage medium that can be written to and read from using a low-powered laser beam. Originally developed in the late 1960s, the first optical disc, created by James T. Russell, stored data as micron-wide dots of light and dark. CD-ROM Standards:CD-I(CD Interactive), CD DA(CD Digital Audio),CD-ROM XA(CD-ROM Extended Architecture),CD-MO(magneto Optic),CD-WO(CD Write Once),CD-R(CD-Recordable),CD-Bridge, photo CD, video CD. c) Image and Video Output Equipment: Interactive display devices, projectors, printers TV,Monitors - Monitor commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the main output device. There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors: Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor- In the CRT, display is made up of small picture elements called pixels for short.The screen can be divided into a series of character boxes Flat-Panel Display Monitor- The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power requirement compared to the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on your wrists. Current uses for flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop computer, graphics display. The flat-panel displays are divided into two categories: Emissive Displays- The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into light. Examples are plasma panel and LED (Light- Emitting Diodes). Non-Emissive Displays- The Non-emissive displays use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. Example is LCD (Liquid- Crystal Device) Screen Image Projector - Screen image projector or simply projector is an output device used to project information from a computer on a large screen so that a group of people can see it simultaneously. A presenter first makes a PowerPoint presentation on the computer. Now a screen image projector is plugged to a computer system and presenter can make a presentation to a group of people by projecting the information on a large screen. Projector makes the presentation more understandable Printers - Printer is the most important output device, which is used to print information on paper. Dot Matrix Printer- In the market, one of the most popular printers is Dot Matrix Printer because of their ease of printing features and economical price. Each character printed is in form of pattern of Dot's and head consists of a Matrix of Pins of size (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which comes out to form a character that is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer. Daisy Wheel- Head is lying on a wheel and Pins corresponding to characters are like petals of Daisy (flower name) that is why it is called Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are generally used for word-processing in offices which require a few letters to be send here and there with very nice quality representation. Line Printers- Line printers are printers, which print one line at a time. Laser Printers- These are non-impact page printers. They use laser lights to produce the dots needed to form the characters to be printed on a page. Inkjet Printers- Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a relatively new technology. They print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality output with presentable features. They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have many styles of printing modes available. Colour printing is also possible. Some models of Inkjet printers can produce multiple copies of printing also. d)Audio equipment : Microphone, Audio Tape Recorder, Head Phone, Speakers Microphone- Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in digital form. The microphone is used for various applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) traditionally refer to a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears. They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound. Speaker and Sound Card - Speaker is an output device to produce sound which is stored in digital form. The speaker is used for various applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for movies displays etc. Computers need both a sound card and speakers to hear audio, such as music, speech and sound effects. Most motherboards provide an on-board sound card. This built-in- sound card is fine for the most purposes. The basic functions of a sound card are that it converts digital sound signals to analog for speakers making it louder or softer. 1.3 MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE Multimedia software tells the hardware to display the color blue, play the sound of cymbals crashing etc. To produce these media elements(movies, sound, text, animation, graphics etc.) there are various software available in the market such as Paint Brush, Photo Finish, Animator, Photo Shop, 3D Studio, Corel Draw, Sound Blaster, IMAGINET, Apple Hyper Card, Photo Magic, Picture Publisher. a) Multimedia Software Categories Device Driver Software- These software’s are used to install and configure the multimedia peripherals.
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