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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2001/0019728A1 Basinger Et Al

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2001/0019728A1 Basinger Et Al US 2001 OO19728A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2001/0019728A1 Basinger et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 6, 2001 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 424/667; 504/187 PROTECTING PLANTS AND CROPS (76) Inventors: William H. Basinger, Hiram, GA (US); (57) ABSTRACT Alfonso G. Ober, Antofagasta (CL); Hugo R. Naritelli, Santiago (CL) Molecular iodine, or a composition or ionic iodine complex Correspondence Address: which comprises, generates, or chemically or ionically PENNIE AND EDMONDS releases molecular iodine, is used alone or mixed with a 1155 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS carrier for use as a plant and crop protectant. Secondary NEW YORK, NY 100362711 active ingredients, fertilizers, nutrients, phytosterols, micro nutrients, promoters, polyaspartates, biomass, Surfactants, (21) Appl. No.: 09/729,935 emulsifiers, oils, odorants, waxes, Salts, preservatives, her bicides, fungicides, nematicides, insecticides, bactericides, (22) Filed: Dec. 5, 2000 Virucides, fumigants, iodides, rainfastneSS agents, adhesive Related U.S. Application Data extender agents, and tackifying extender agents are option ally added to the carrier for additional plant benefit. The (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/919,300, molecular iodine and the desired beneficial additive(s) is filed on Aug. 28, 1997, now abandoned. applied, directly or indirectly by various methods, to agri cultural Substances, Such as plants and crops, in order to Publication Classification protect the plants and/or crops from pests, Such as fungi, nematodes, viruses, bacteria, and weeds which are harmful (51) Int. Cl. ............................................... A01N 59/12 to plants or crops. US 2001/OO19728A1 Sep. 6, 2001 METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR ably. Thus, there is no Suggestion that iodine (or a nonionic PROTECTING PLANTS AND CROPS iodine complex), when applied to a plant and/or crop, will kill pests detrimental to the plant and/or crop without RELATED U.S. APPLICATION DATA harming the plant and/or crop. Moreover, the level of iodine employed for disinfection and purification purposes as prac 0001. This application is a continuation in part of appli ticed in the prior art is relatively constant whereas the levels cation Ser. No. 08/919,300 filed Aug. 28, 1997. of iodine employed in the present invention for plant and/or crop protection may vary considerably to take into account TECHNICAL FIELD many factors, e.g., Soil type, weather conditions, the type of 0002 This invention relates to the use of compositions plant and/or crop to be protected, and the individual pest(s) comprising molecular iodine for protecting plants and/or or genus and/or species of pest(s). crops from harmful pests and to methods for use of these 0007. In contrast, the present invention using molecular compositions. iodine, whether ionically complexed or not, provides meth ods and compositions for plant and/or crop protection BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION against pests harmful only to plants and/or crops while 0003. The protection of plants and crops from pests is of Simultaneously not harming the plant and/or crop. great economic importance to agriculture. In particular, the 0008 Employing organic iodides for controlling plant protection of plants from fungi, nematodes, viruses, bacteria, pathogens has been disclosed; e.g., See U.S. Pat. Nos. and weeds is vital to plant life, growth and productivity. An 3,615,745, 4,977,186 and 5,071,479. For example, U.S. Pat. object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide No. 5,518,692 to Grech et al. discloses that methyl iodide compositions and methods for the use of molecular iodine as may be applied to Stored crops, Such as grains, or directly to a plant and crop protectant. the Soil as a fumigant (in a manner analogous to the use of methyl bromide) out of the planting Season when the Soil is 0004 Iodine in commercial products is frequently com idle to control or eliminate plant pathogenic organisms. Such plexed with added materials. Iodine complexes comprise as nematodes, fungi and weeds. The methyl component of elemental iodine and a complexing agent for the iodine. the methyl iodide is the active component with the iodine Iodine complexes exist in two forms: (1) ionic and (2) Serving only as a convenient leaving group. For example, nonionic iodine complexes. Ionic iodine complexes typi cally comprise elemental iodine and a complexing agent for removal of the iodide anion from methyl iodide in the the iodine, i.e., a type I complexing agent, e.g., a cation, or presence of Sulfur results in methylation of the Sulfur. a type II complexing agent, e.g., an organic group compris 0009. In general, such treatments involve short term ing an amine. Nonionic iodine complexes, on the other hand, exposures to relatively high concentrations of an organic comprise elemental iodine and a type III complexing agent iodide to effect rapid pathogenic organism control or elimi for the iodine. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine and starch-io nation. If the organic iodide is being applied to fumigate the dine complexes are examples of nonionic iodine complexes. Soil, the material is applied while there are no desirable plants and/or crops present to avoid killing them. However, 0005 There are numerous examples in the literature Since organic iodides have relatively high volatility and describing the preparation and/or uses of nonionic iodine dissipate quickly, they cannot provide long-lasting protec complexes in water purification, wound and skin disinfec tion to plants or crops. Moreover, organic iodides, Such as tion, equipment disinfection, germicidal Solutions and Sani methyl iodide, are highly toxic compounds capable of being tation; e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,498,174, 3,244,630, 4,822, absorbed into the body by inhalation and by skin contact; 592, 4,844,891 and 5,428,050; Japanese patent applications therefore, Strict precautions to prevent human exposure are JP 6-172192 A and JP 7-017819 A; and the following mandatory. In contrast, molecular iodine has neither the high technical references: Anon. Chemical Processing, May Volatility nor the high toxicity to humans of organic iodides. (1956), 56-57), A. P. Black et al. Am. J. Public. Health 49:1060-1068 (1959)), A. P. Black et al. J. Am. Water 0010 Japanese patent application JP 61-183202 A dis Works Assoc. 57:1401-1421 (1965), and R. Gruening Spe closes the Spraying of an aqueous Solution consisting of cialty Chemicals, August 1996). For example, C. A. 1-3% citric acid and 0.2% iodine over the Surface of the Lawrence et al. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed. 46:500-505 leaves and Stems of field crops for controlling pest damage (1957) disclose that nonionic iodine complexes, i.e., type and diseases. However, the types of crops protected and the III iodine complexes. Such as polyvinylpyrrollidone-iodine, amount of Solution to be applied to the crops are not where elemental iodine is solubilized by complexation with disclosed. Moreover, other than a general reference to bac one or more nonionic Wetting agents, may be used to protect teria, the types of pests and diseases controlled are not animals against harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses. How disclosed. This reference teaches that the citric acid is the ever, all of these applications involve the protection of component which is effective against bacteria and pests. animals, particularly humans, and not non-animals. Such as This reference further discloses that the effect of the iodine plants and crops. component is to promote the healthy growth of plants. 0006 There are distinct differences between disinfection 0011 U.S. Pat. No. 608,627 to Thiele discloses a mixture applications and plant (or crop) protection applications. of kerosene oil, turpentine oil, 1 teaspoon (4.9 ml) of tincture First, disinfection targets the control or elimination of patho of iodine, and 10 grains (0.65 grams or 0.020 moles) of gens harmful to man or animals. However, many of the sulfur, said to be suitable for killing weevils, which is compositions useful for disinfection are detrimental to the applied to treat Seeds, i.e., corn, bean or pea Seeds, by well-being of plants and/or crops. Therefore, disinfectants Soaking these nongerminated Seeds in the mixture for three and plant (or crop) protectants cannot be used interchange days before planting the treated Seeds. There is no teaching US 2001/OO19728A1 Sep. 6, 2001 or Suggestion in this reference that molecular iodine is even Soil, before or after planting or transplanting, with an present in the Thiele treatment or that Such a treatment irrigation System comprising a cartridge, optionally in-line, would be harmless to any other agricultural Substance, e.g., containing a filler comprising the composition. Still alter the crops, plants or harvested crops which are the Subject of nately, the composition may be applied to a Soil or a plant this invention. foliage, before or after planting or transplanting, by coating the composition onto a Substantially inert Solid to form a 0012 U.S. Pat. No. 2,742,736 to MacKay also discloses coated Solid, broadcasting the coated Solid onto the Soil or a very specific treatment- the after-planting treatment of foliage and, optionally, incorporating the coated Solid into citrus trees already infested with citrus nematode by apply the soil. ing a diluted tincture of iodine Solution to the Soil Surround ing Such trees. However, there are no disclosures or Sug 0016. Another embodiment of the present invention
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