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CONTENTS Fromtheeditor ...253 the Mexican Glass Ceiling and the C CONTENTS From the Editor ................................. 253 The Mexican Glass Ceiling and the Construction of Equal Opportunities: Narratives of Women Managers Salvador Barragan, Albert Mills, and Mary Runte ..............255 NEW SCHOLARS Potentially Lethal Bytes: Why E-Discovery is Crucial for Employees in Arbitration Peter Whitehead, Daniel Estrada, and Star Swift ..............279 INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE: Labor in the Global South—A Search for Solutions Abigail Cooke, Taekyoon Lim, Peter Norlander, Elena Shih, and Chris Tilly ...........................293 Road Construction, Dependency, and Exploitation in Ladakh, North India Jonathan Demenge .............................. 303 The Indentured Mobility of Migrant Women: How Gendered Protectionist Laws Lead Filipina Hostesses to Forced Sexual Labor Rhacel Salazar Parreñas ...........................327 Student Workers in the Foxconn Empire: The Commodification of Education and Labor in China Yihui Su .................................... 341 Activist Perspective: The Social Cost Hidden in the Apple Products Debby Chan .................................. 363 Trade Unions and Workers in the Periphery: Forging New Forms of Solidarity? Crispen Chinguno ............................... 367 How Do Unions Respond to Nonstandard Work Arrangements? Relations between Core and Non-Core Workers in a Food Processing Factor (Argentina, 2005-2008) Rodolfo Elbert ................................. 387 Organizing the “Unorganized”: Varieties of Transnational Trade Union Collaboration and Social Dialogue in Two Indian Cities Jamie K. McCallum .............................. 399 Activist Perspective: Engaged Sociology and Labor’s Struggles Jeffery Hermanson .............................. 421 ¡Soy Mexicana y Tengo Derechos! Independent Labor Organizing on the U.S.-Mexico Border Heather Frambach .............................. 425 Collective Bargaining for Street Vendors in Mumbai: Toward Promotion of Social Dialogue Debdulal Saha ................................ 445 Fair Trade and the Double Movement: The Promise and Contradictions of Improving Labor Standards in the Global South via Market Mechanisms Kristen Shorette ................................ 461 Activist Perspective: The Role of Independent Labor Organizations in the Egyptian Revolution Ahmed Kamel ................................. 483 Comment: Keeping the Politics in Labor Research Gay Seidman ................................. 485 Index—Contents of Volume 15 .........................487 Volume 15 Number 3-4 2010-2011 Vol. 15, No. 3-4 — 2010-2011 Pages 253-489 J. WORKPLACE RIGHTS, Vol. 15(3-4) 253-254, 2010-2011 FROM THE EDITOR Welcome to the eleventh and twelfth issues of the Journal of Workplace Rights, presented as a double issue. The Journal of Workplace Rights is dedicated to the proposition that human rights should not be compromised by employers. It uses an expansive definition of human rights based on the Universal Declaration of Human rights as passed by the United Nations in 1948. A list of proposed topics can be found on our website. The Journal invites prospective authors to submit articles that are completely unrelated to these topics as long as their focus is on workplace rights. An issue normally includes six articles that go through our regular review process. This time we have sixteen papers. The first two are from the regular review process, but the last fourteen are revised versions of papers that were presented at a conference. The conference organizers were great partners, and I wish to invite other conference organizers to consider putting together special issues of papers that are related to workplace rights for publication in our Journal. The last fourteen articles are introduced in the third article, so my comments will focus on the first two articles. Before I preview this issue’s articles, I wish to pay special thanks to the following Editorial Board member who did a terrific job of reviewing in a timely yet thorough manner: Doug McCabe. In addition, Tanya Marcum and Elizabeth Siler took time from their very busy schedules to excellently serve as ad hoc reviewers for this issue. And as always, Ann O’Hear provided impeccable manuscript editing service. The first article is by Salvador Barragan, Albert Mills, and Mary Runte, and it is entitled, “The Mexican glass ceiling and the construction of equal oppor- tunities: Narratives of women managers.” It offers an innovative approach to understanding the shadowy world of promotion discrimination in an under- studied context. The second article in this issue constitutes our “New Scholars” section. We will never publish an issue without at least one article by a “New 253 Ó 2011, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/WR.15.3-4.a http://baywood.com 254 / FROM THE EDITOR Scholar,” defined as a student or a professor holding an untenured or non- permanent appointment. By Peter Whitehead, Daniel Estrada, and Star Swift, it is entitled “Potentially lethal bytes: Why e-discovery is crucial for employees in arbitration.” We are happy to publish so-called “applied research” that focuses on helping employees if it provides fresh perspectives, and this article does so by explaining how workers can discover valuable information that their employers would rather conceal from them. If you have as much fun reading these articles as I did while editing them, you are in for a very good time indeed. Our plan is to publish twelve more issues in the next twenty-four months. So if you want to be published quickly in the world’s most progressive English-language academic journal, please send me your work. Readers with any questions about this Journal should contact me electronically at [email protected] Joel Rudin Editor J. WORKPLACE RIGHTS, Vol. 15(3-4) 255-277, 2010-2011 THE MEXICAN GLASS CEILING AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES: NARRATIVES OF WOMEN MANAGERS SALVADOR BARRAGAN University of Lethbridge, Canada ALBERT MILLS St. Mary’s University, Canada MARY RUNTE University of Lethbridge, Canada ABSTRACT Equal opportunity discourses in magazines targeted toward professionally employed women and men in Mexico were examined to explore the inter- section of cultural dimensions of gender (machista and marianista) and the Anglo-American discourses of diversity management, including affirmative action. Women constructed the discourse of equal opportunity for other women’s careers primarily by drawing on essentialist views on the nature of men and women, most specifically the sameness perspective—to pene- trate the glass ceiling, one must “be like a man.” The difference approach was considered in more subtle ways as women endorsed the diversity dis- course for instrumental reasons. The postequity view was only superficially employed; women professionals did not challenge the less tangible barriers of the glass ceiling in Mexico, adopting instead the essentialist views on women and men as well as the masculine and feminine characteristics attributed to each biological sex. THE GLASS CEILING The literature on women in management is still bringing to the forefront the lack of women’s representation in upper managerial ranks in North America. These 255 Ó 2011, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/WR.15.3-4.b http://baywood.com 256 / BARRAGAN, MILLS AND RUNTE “glass ceilings” and “glass walls” are described as “those invisible, culturally embedded assumptions and beliefs about the skills and competencies of women that prevent their advancement into top management positions” (Eriksson- Zetterquist & Styhre, 2008: 135-136). This body of literature focuses on iden- tifying the barriers that women face in getting to the top and the strategies needed to overcome those visible and invisible barriers (e.g., Morrison, White, Van Velsor, & Leadership, 1992; O’Neil, Hopkins, & Bilimoria, 2008; Oakley, 2000; Powell, 1988). For example, Oakley’s (2000) study of gender-based barriers contends that corporate practices and cultural stereotypes prevent women from getting to the top. The first type of barrier, corporate practices, may involve objective structural aspects that disadvantage women during the recruitment, retention, and promotion processes. The second type, more difficult to eradicate, is composed of those cultural aspects and stereotypes that favor men over women. Similarly, a review of the literature on women’s careers (O’Neil et al., 2008) underscores the multifaceted aspects of women’s careers and lives, suggesting that organizational practices are not only male dominated but also one-dimensional and, therefore, disconnected from women’s larger-life contexts. While these literatures have been useful in identifying the various structural barriers to women’s advancement, we argue here for a feminist approach that goes beyond the apparent concrete and essentialist barriers to women’s advancement to include poststructuralist feminist theorizing, in which the emphasis is on “the cultural production of [female and male managers’] subjectivities and the material production of their social lives” (Calás, Smircich, & Bourne, 2009: 555). Feminist researchers, who endorse the social construction of subjectivities, have noted that the use of male models of research privilege rationality and essentialisms, ignoring women’s subjectivities and experiences (see: Calás & Smircich, 2006; Martin, 2000; Mumby & Putnam, 1992). At the same time, the notion of “the other” has implications for the assumptions responsible for the “glass ceiling” and “glass wall”
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