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Studies on the Morphometry of Macrobrachium Nobilii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

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Studies on the Morphometry of Macrobrachium Nobilii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) 441 Vol.47, n. 3 : pp. 441-449, July 2004 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Studies on the Morphometry of Macrobrachium nobilii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) Pitchaimuthu Mariappan∗ and Chellam Balasundaram Crustacean Aquaculture and Behaviour Unit - CRABU; Department of Animal Science; Bharathidasan University; [email protected]; Tiruchirapalli; 620024; India ABSTRACT Fourteen morphometric characters of Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson and Matthai, 1910), a freshwater prawn were measured from 72 males and 66 females collected at random in field. The growth constant (b) of total length and weight for male (4.28) and female (3.02) differed significantly (P<0.05). Comparison of slopes and elevations of regressions between sexes indicated significant difference in all the studied dependent parameters with carapace length (X), except with carapace width (Y). In males, major and minor chelipeds showed positive allometry while in females the growth was isometric. Key words: Allometry, cheliped, freshwater prawn, length-weight, Macrobrachium nobilii INTRODUCTION growth of chelipeds, especially that of Brachyuran has drawn detailed attention (Hartnoll, 1982), Allometric or relative growth pattern of various similar studies on individuals segments of decapod crustaceans has been studied widely chelipeds are scanty (Jayachandran et al., 1996). (Hartnoll, 1978; Finney and Abele, 1981; The ratio between cheliped length and carapace Sumpton, 1990; Sarda and Cartes, 1997; Munio et length is species specific and this character has al., 1999), including genus Macrobrachium been subjected to detailed statistical analyses in (Holthuis, 1950; Koshy, 1973; Jayachandran, taxonomy studies (Holthuis, 1950; Jayachandran, 1998; Mossolin and Bueno, 2003). Allometric 1998). In caridean prawns such as growth is determined by treating one variable (X) Macrobrachium, the chelipeds are taxonomically as reference or independent dimension and important (Chace and Bruce, 1993). Recently, comparing it with another dependent variable (Y) Suzuki and Kusamura (1997) differentiated M. (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). In Crustaceans, nipponese from M. formosense on the basis of structures such as chelate legs in males, pleopod length and width of dactyl of second pereiopod. and abdominal width in females grow abruptly on Such investigations are also essential to establish attaining sexual maturity. This phenomenon is morphotypes in species such as M. rosenbergii. utilized to differentiate the mature and immature Moreover, the genus Macrobrachium contains population in many decapods, which are not more than 100 species; their identification is quite sexually dimorphic (Pinheiro and Fransozo, 1998; difficult due to great morphological variations Munio et al., 1999). Though the studies on the (Koshy, 1971). In India, the farmers still depend ∗ Author for correspondence Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 442 Mariappan, P. and Balasundaram, C. upon natural seed supply for stocking their ponds. minor chelipeds were individually weighed in an Hence, knowledge on the identity of the species electronic monopan balance (±0.001g). chosen for culture is an impelling necessity to Since sexual dimorphism is prominent in adult, M. eliminate mixing of species (Mariappan and nobilii, the data for males and females are Balasundaram, 1999). With this view, the study analyzed separately to fit regression lines to study was conducted to find out length-weight the allometeric growth pattern within and between relationship, growth pattern of chelipeds and sexes. In this study, the carapace length referred as segments of an endemic freshwater prawn CL was used as the reference dimension since as a Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson and Matthai, taxonomic character CL was more reliable than 1910). Despite its small size, the culture of M. cephalothorax length (CTL) which often got nobilii is encouraged due to its commercial and damaged due to various factors (Grandjean et al., nutritional value (Mariappan et al., 2002; 2003) 1997). Crustacean allometric growth is defined by y=axb; this equation after log linearization yields log y = MATERIAL AND METHODS log a + b . x which eases the application of the results (Hartnoll, 1982). In the present study also A total of 72 males and 66 females of the data were log transformed before computing Macrobrachium nobilii were collected from Grand the regression equation (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981). Anicut, near Tiruchirpalli (10o 50’ N; 78o 43’ E) in In this context the derived slope value b referred as river Cauvery. It is the fourth largest river in allometric growth constant was designated as: 1) Indian Peninsula, which flows a distance of about isometric when 'b' ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 (Kuris 1171 kms. Total length, cephalo thoracic length, and Carlton, 1977), 2) positive if more than 1 and carapace width, carapace length, major and minor 3) negative if less than 1 (Tessier. 1960; Hartnoll, chela length, total weight of the animal and 1982). The variation between slopes and individual weight of chelae were calculated. elevations of the regression lines within and Length of the individual segments of major and between sexes were tested by analysis of minor chela was also measured (Fig. 1). covariance (Sndecor and Cochran, 1967). The variations among major and minor chela length and weight within and between sexes were tested separately. RESULTS Seventy-two males (total length: 46-77 mm) and 66 females (30-71 mm) were used for the morphometric study. Male M. nobilii had a minimum body weight of 1449 mg and a maximum of 12676 mg. The body weight of female ranged from 336 mg to 7178 mg. In general, growth was manifested through size Figure 1 - Morphometry measurements of Macrobrachium nobilii. TL-Total length, CL-Carapace length, increment, which could be measured by increase CTL-Cephalothorax length, CW-Carapace in volume or weight (Kunju, 1978). Generally, the Width, MAC-Major Chela, MIC-Minor Chela. weight of crustaceans varies with the cube of the length (Jayachandran and Joseph, 1988). The increase in weight of both sexes of M. nobilii as The first two proximal segments i.e. coxa and measured by growth constant 'b' was higher for basis were ignored since their length was small males (4.28) than females (3.02), indicating the when compared to the total length of chelipeds positive allometric growth in this species. (see also Nagamine and Knight, 1980; Kuris et al., Subsequently, ANCOVA was performed to 1987). Measurements were taken to the nearest compare the slope and elevation of regression lines 0.1mm by using a Vernier caliber. Major and between males and females. The results indicated that there was a significant difference Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology Studies on the morphometry of Macrobrachium nobilii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) 443 (P<0.001)(Table 1) between sexes for all the females (P>0.05)(Table 2). For both sexes the ratio chosen variables except for carapace width and between major and minor chela length and weight total weight (P>0.05). In males, the body weight, were calculated. The length ratio varied from 1.15 chelae length and weight with reference to to 1.58 and that of weight varied from 0.87 to 2.42 carapace length indicated positive allometric for males. For females, the chela length ranged growth while other parameters such as total length, from 1 to 1.43 and the weight ratio ranged from 1 cephalothorax length and carapace width showed to 2.08. The change in the chela length (major negative allometry (Table 1). /minor) remained constant (P>0.05) in male and female. A similar trend was observed with Chela Growth reference to major and minor chela weight ratio In females, the growth pattern of major and minor for females. However, for males there was a chela length was isometric. In males, there was a significant inverse relationship between major remarkable difference in the pattern of length chela weight/minor chela weight ratio and increment between major and minor chela carapace length. (P<0.001) but no such difference prevailed either in chela weight in males or length and weight of Table 1 - Macrobrachium nobilii: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to test the slopes (b) and elevations of regression equation for males (n=72) females (n=66). Characters Regression Equation Comparison of Allometry Male Female Slope Elevation Male Female Growth in relation to carapace length Total length 1.022+0.608.X 0.87+0.702.X 1.61* 237.53*** - - Cephalothorax length 0.359+0.862.X 0.291+0.885.X 10.44*** 40.59*** - - Carapace width -0.011+0.862.X -0.054+0.886.X 0.7 NS 75.25*** - - Major chela length -0.534+1.92.X 0.395+0.972.X 32.28*** 109.15*** + 0 Minor chela length -0.61+1.88.X 0.424+0.905.X 37.12*** 157.06*** + 0 Major chela weight -3.074+4.51.X -0.994+2.388.X 25.18*** 236.18*** + + Minor chela weight -4.255+5.371.X -1.176+2.44.X 49.17*** 293.86*** + + Chela weight -3.264+4.865.X -0.76+2.4.X 53.35*** 323.03*** + + Total weight 8.022+2.929.X 5.012+2.853.X 0.10 NS 193.87*** + + * Statistically significant (P<0.05): F70,64 = 1.502 *** Statistically significant (P<0.001): F70,64 = 2.166 NS Statistically not significant (P>0.05): F70,64 Table 2 - Macrobrachium nobilii: Summary of Analysis of Covariance results obtained between major and minor chelae length and weight in relation to carapace length. Variations Reduction Df SS MS F Male chela length Between chelae 1.95 70 4.21 0.06 8.36*** Within chelae 1.88 70 0.50 0.007 Male chela weight Between chelae 10.82 70 2.05 0.029 0.75NS Within chelae 15.34 70 2.74 0.039 Female chela length Between chelae 0.55 64 0.46 0.007 1.49NS Within chelae 0.48 64 0.31 0.005 Female chela weight Between chelae 3.32 64 3.18 0.049 1.28NS Within chelae 3.48 64 2.49 0.039 *** Statistically Significant (P<0.001): F70,70 = 2.116 NS Statistically not significant (P>0.05): F70.70 = 1.485 for males F64,64 = 1.513 for females.
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