Table Ronde Des Partis Politiques Des 3 & 4 Mars 1999
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Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Volume 41
Couverture_Ang:Mise en page 1 27.3.2008 14:33 Page 1 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2007 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 41 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamen tary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the background and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distribution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU’s database on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 41 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2007 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 41 1 January - 31 December 2007 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2008 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22 -
University of Cape Town Department of Political Studies ELECTED
University of Cape Town Department of Political Studies ELECTED LEGISLATURES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: ATTITUDES OF CITIZENS FROM 18 COUNTRIES TOWARDS LEGISLATURES, WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON MOZAMBIQUE, ITS ASSEMBLY AND PARLIAMENTARIANS A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD in Political Studies By Elisabete Azevedo AZVEIS001 Supervisor: John Akokpari April 2009 PLAGIARISM DECLARATION 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. I have used the APA convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this thesis from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This thesis is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature removed Elisabete Azevedo April 2009 i DEDICATION To my countrywomen and -men who bequeathed democracy to my generation. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To begin, I need to give credit to my two brothers, Rui and Fernando. They have been the best parents to me that I could have wished for. They did well in raising this difficult teenager with all her independent thoughts and lofty ambitions. They not only always encouraged me to pursue what I wanted in life, but they also made it possible by granting the necessary support. My brothers, nephews, nieces and sisters-in-law (and two grandnieces) – João, Didi, Bruno, Cláudia, Inês, Mariana, Beatriz, Cristina and Lena – have always been an anchor in my life. -
Chronique Des Élections Parlementaires Volume 41 Volume 41 2007
Couverture_Fr:Mise en page 1 27.3.2008 14:31 Page 1 ISSN (imprimé): 1994-0955 ISSN (en ligne): 1994-0971 UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE CHRONIQUE DES 2007 ÉLECTIONS PARLEMENTAIRES VOLUME 41 VOLUME 41 Publiée annuellement en anglais et en français depuis 1967, la Chronique des élections parlementaires rend compte de toutes les élections législatives nationales tenues dans le monde entier sur une année. On y trouve des infor- mations sur le système électoral, le contexte et l’issue de chaque élection, ainsi que des statistiques sur les résultats, la répartition des voix et la répartition de sièges selon le groupe politique, le sexe et l’âge. On peut aussi trouver les informations figurant dans la Chronique dans la base de données de l’UIP sur les parlements nationaux, PARLINE. PARLINE, qui est accessible sur le site Web de l’UIP (http://www.ipu.org), est mise à jour régulièrement. Union interparlementaire 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Genève – Suisse Tél.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org CHRONIQUE DES ÉLECTIONS PARLEMENTAIRES 2007 2007 Chronique des élections parlementaires VOLUME 41 1er janvier - 31 décembre 2007 © Union interparlementaire 2008 ISSN (imprimé) : 1994-0955 ISSN (en ligne) : 1994-0971 Photographies Couverture : photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Quatrième de couverture : photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Union interparlementaire Bureau de l'Observateur permanent de 5, chemin du Pommier l'UIP auprès des Nations Unies Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Genève — Suisse New York, N.Y. -
Research Report 1
EISA gratefully acknowledges the generous financial support for this project from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the EISA ELECTION OBSERVER MISSION REPORT Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) Mission D’OBseRVation electoRale DE L’eisa MADAGASCAR National ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS Élections Des DÉPUTÉS DE L’asseMBLÉE nationale Order from: [email protected] 23 SEPTEMBER 2007 ISBN 978-1-920095-81-9 9 781920 095819 EISA ELECTION OBSERVER MISSION REPORT No 27 EISA OBSERVER MISSION REPORT i EISA ELECTION OBSERVER MISSION REPORT MADAGASCAR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 23 SEPTEMBER 2007 ii EISA OBSERVER MISSION REPORT EISA OBSERVER MISSION REPORT iii EISA ELECTION OBSERVER MISSION REPORT MADAGASCAR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 23 SEPTEMBER 2007 2008 iv EISA OBSERVER MISSION REPORT Published by EISA 14 Park Rd, Richmond Johannesburg South Africa P O Box 740 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Tel: 27 11 482 5495 Fax: 27 11 482 6163 Email: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 978-1-920095-81-9 EISA 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2008 EISA strives for excellence in the promotion of credible elections, participatory democracy, human rights culture, and the strengthening of governance institutions for the consolidation of democracy in Africa. EISA Election Observer Mission Report, No. 27 EISA OBSERVER MISSION REPORT v CONTENTS List of Acronyms vi Executive Summary vii Acknowledgements ix 1. Historical Overview 1 1.1. -
Centre for International and Defense Policy Country
CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DEFENSE POLICY COUNTRY PROFILE FOR INFORMATION MADAGASCAR Country Information • Historical Background1 • Madagascar became a French colony in 1896, gaining independence in 1960. Since independence Madagascar has undergone various constitutional reforms and ruling types, and only became classified as a true constitutional democracy in 1992 with free presidential and National Assembly elections. Since open elections the country has shifted from one political leader to another, with the 2001 presidential election being contested and nearly leading to secession of half the country. In 2009 civil unrest over the political system under President Marc Ravalomanana led to his resignation and the transference of political control to Andry Rajoelina of the Madagascar Military, in what was effectively a coup d’etat. Since the instability caused by the 2009 transference of power Madagascar underwent a period of mediation with the aid of the Southern African Development Community, holding UN supported presidential and parliamentary elections in 2013. Hery Rahaonarimanpianina, former de facto finance minister, won the presidential elections and was inaugurated in January of 2014. • Geography: Total: 587,041 square km (581,540 Land, 5,501 Water) • Climate type: Tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south. • Terrain: Narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center. • Resources: Graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower.