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Design, Development and Implementation of an Information Security and Cyberethics Course for Pre-Service Teachers: a Design-Based Research

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Design, Development and Implementation of an Information Security and Cyberethics Course for Pre-Service Teachers: a Design-Based Research DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBERETHICS COURSE FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EVRİM AKMAN KADIOĞLU IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMPUTER EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY APRIL 2019 Approval of the thesis: DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBERETHICS COURSE FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH Submitted by EVRİM AKMAN KADIOĞLU in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Education and Instructional Technology Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Assoc. Dr. Ömer Delialioğlu Head of Department, Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech. Assist. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Savaş Aşkun Supervisor, Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Hakan Tüzün Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech., Hacettepe Uni. Assist. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Savaş Aşkun Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Delialioğlu Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Haser Mathematics and Science Education, METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Halil Ersoy Comp. Edu. and Inst. Tech., Başkent Uni. Date: 05.04.2019 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Evrim Akman Kadıoğlu Signature: iv ABSTRACT DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBERETHICS COURSE FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH Akman Kadıoğlu, Evrim Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Education and Instructional Technology Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Savaş Aşkun April 2019, 252 Pages With the introduction of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into our lives, production and distribution of information have increased exponentially. The ICT systems and the data, which these systems use, create, or both is an essential resource of schools. For this reason, the secure and ethical use of information is a primary concern for schools. However, the curriculum in teacher training institutions does not include a course that aims to raise pre-service teachers’ awareness of information security and cyberethics. In other words, there is a need for more instructional content on information security and cyberethics for pre-service teachers. The designed, developed and implemented course for this study significantly improves the amount of content for pre-service teachers’ information security awareness and cyberethics sensitivity. The main purpose of this study is to explore important points of designing process of a course including such an instructional content, to enhance pre-service teachers’ information security awareness and cyberethics sensitivity in the Faculty of Education. The research questions of the study can be summarized as; (i) what are content, learner, and instruction related issues during the design and development of a course v to increase the pre-service teachers’ information security awareness and cyberethics sensitivity? (ii) What are the facilitating and challenging factors faced during the implementation, and how the challenges are handled from the instructor’s experience? (iii) How do pre-service teachers perceive the contribution of the course on their information security awareness and cyberethics sensitivity? Design-Based Research (DBR) approach with qualitative methods is carried out to answer these questions. As a result of this research, a course content aimed at raising pre-service teachers’ information security and cyberethics awareness presented, and critical elements in the design and development process of such a course are identified. In the scope of the study, during the need analysis and the development phases of the study, a content pool including different cybersecurity, cyberethics, and cybersafety issues and a draft content sequence have emerged. At the end of the two iterative implementation phases, the course design has reached to the final form which included different instructional methods such as face to face lecture sessions, online discussion forums and in-class discussion sessions, reading materials, and different audiovisual materials. The qualitative data analysis shows that the course influenced the students’ preferences on online activities and password protection strategies. Besides, their information security and cyberethics awareness have raised. Furthermore, daily life correspondence of the course topics facilitates the instruction process and increases the learners’ interest. Keywords: Information Security, Cyberethics, Design-Based Research, Course Design and Development, Pre-service Teachers vi ÖZ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI İÇİN BİLGİ GÜVENLİĞİ VE BİLİŞİM ETİĞİ DERSİNİN TASARIM, GELİŞTİRME VE UYGULAMASI: TASARIM TEMELLİ ARAŞTIRMA Akman Kadıoğlu, Evrim Doktora, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Tez Danışmanı: Dr. Ögr. Üyesi Cengiz Savaş Aşkun Nisan 2019, 252 Sayfa Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin (BİT) hayatımıza girmesiyle, bilginin üretimi ve iletimi katlanarak artmıştır. BİT teknolojilerinin kullandığı ve/ya oluşturduğu bilgiler, eğitim kurumlarının önemli bir kaynağıdır. Bu nedenle, bilginin güvenli ve etik değerlere uygun olarak kullanılması bu kurumların önemli kaygıları arasındadır. Bununla birlikte, öğretmen yetiştiren kurumların müfredatında, öğretmen adaylarının bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği farkındalığını artırmayı hedefleyen bir ders bulunmamaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle öğretmen adayları için bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği hakkında daha fazla eğitim içeriğine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği farkındalığını arttırmak için bu araştırma kapsamında tasarlanan, geliştirilen ve uygulanan bu ders bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği hakkındaki eğitsel içerik ihtiyacına anlamlı bir katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmanın temel kaygısı, bu içeriğe yönelik bir dersin tasarım, geliştirme ve uygulama aşamalarındaki önemli noktaları belirlemek ve öğretmen adaylarının bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği farkındalıklarını arttırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırma soruları şu şekilde belirlenmiştir: (i) Öğretmen adaylarının bilgi güvenliği bilinci ve bilişim etik duyarlılık düzeylerini yükseltmek için bir ders tasarlarken, geliştirirken ve uygularken göz önüne alınan öğrenci, içerik ve öğretim ile ilgili konular nelerdir? (ii) Öğretmen adaylarının bilgi güvenliği vii farkındalığı ve bilişim etiği duyarlılığını arttırmayı amaçlayan böyle bir dersin tasarım ve uygulama sürecinde karşılaşılan kolaylıklar ve zorluklar nelerdir ve zorluklar nasıl aşılmıştır? (iii) Öğretmen adayları böyle bir dersin bilişim etik duyarlılıklarını ve bilgi güvenliği farkındalıklarına etkilerini nasıl algılamaktadır? Bu sorulara cevap bulmak için nitel yöntemlerle Tasarım Temelli Araştırma (TTA) metodu uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği duyarlılığı yüksek öğretmen adayları yetiştirmeyi hedefleyen bir ders içeriği sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında, ihtiyaç analizi ve geliştirme aşamalarında bilişim etiği, bilişim emniyeti ve bilişim güvenliği konularına yönelik bir içerik havuzu oluşturulmuş, ardından taslak bir izlencesi hazırlanmıştır. Ardından iki ardışık uygulama döneminin sonucunda dersin yapısı olgunlaşmıştır. Bu ders çeşitli eğitsel bileşenleri içermektedir. Örneğin yüz yüze ders oturumları, sınıf içi tartışma etkinliği, çevrim içi forum sayfaları, genişletilmiş ders notları, değişik kaynaklardan yararlanılan ders içerikleri bu örneklerden bazılarıdır. Ayrıca yapılan nitel veri analizinin sonucunda bu dersin öğrencilerin çevrim içi işlemlerle ilgili davranışlarını, şifre koruma tercihlerini etkilediği, öğrencilerin bilgi güvenliği ve bilişim etiği farkındalıklarını arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra ders içeriklerinin günlük yaşamla uyumlu olmasının öğretmenin öğretim süreçlerini kolaylaştırdığı ve öğrencilerin derse ilgilerini arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilgi güvenliği, Bilişim etiği, Ders tasarım ve geliştirme, Tasarım temelli araştırma, Öğretmen adayları viii Dedicated to the loving memory of Eyüp Hamdi Akman, my grandfather, one of the first educators of Republic of Turkey ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for the support of my advisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Savaş Aşkun. I would also like to thank the members of the thesis monitoring committee; Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Haser and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Delialioğlu for their support in several phases of the study. I want to thank the final chair of my dissertation committee, Prof. Dr. Hakan Tüzün and Assist. Prof. Dr. Halil Güllü, for their valuable suggestions that helped me to complete this thesis. I want to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hanife Akar, Assoc. Dr. Umut Beşpınar, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Funda Gülay Kadıoğlu, Dr. Selma Aydın Bayram, Dr. Levent Bayram, Dr. İbrahim Çalışır, Dr. Müge Maraşlı, Emre Sezginer, and Suna Yılmaz for their suggestions and opinions during the design and development of the course. I am also grateful to all of the students of CEIT215 for their participation in this research. I should also thank my managers, Ferdi Ayaydın and Feride Erdal for their
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