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Two New Species of Gelidium (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales), Gelidium Tenuifolium and Gelidium Koshikianum, from Japan

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Two New Species of Gelidium (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales), Gelidium Tenuifolium and Gelidium Koshikianum, from Japan Phycological Research 2000; 48: 37–46 Two new species of Gelidium (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales), Gelidium tenuifolium and Gelidium koshikianum, from Japan Satoshi Shimada,* Takeo Horiguchi and Michio Masuda Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. and Gelidium decumbensum Okamura has recently SUMMARY been reduced to a synonym of Pterocladiella tenuis (Okamura) Shimada, Horiguchi et Masuda (Shimada Two new marine red algae, Gelidium tenuifolium sp. et al. 2000). There are still several species for which nov. and Gelidium koshikianum sp. nov. (Gelidiales, further investigations are necessary: for example, Gelid- Gelidiaceae) are described from Japan. Gelidium ium amamiense Tanaka et Nozawa and Gelidium tenuifolium with large-sized thalli (up to 30 cm tall) isabelae Taylor have not been reported since Tanaka’s is distinguished from other species with such thalli by work (Tanaka 1965). Furthermore, some unrecorded or the production of wide, flattened and thin branches (up undescribed species may be present in Japanese waters to 2 mm wide and 60–80 µm thick), the presence of an (S. Shimada, unpubl. observation 1999) so that taxo- apical depression and simple determinate branches. nomic studies on this genus in Japan are needed. Gelidium koshikianum with middle-sized thalli (5–8 cm Recent molecular analyses have shown that species tall) is distinguished from other species with such thalli of the genus Gelidium are clustered into several mono- by having wide axes (up to 2.5 mm wide) and short phyletic clades, each representing specific geographical (2.0–3.2 mm), unbranched, second- and third-order areas (Freshwater et al. 1995; Shimada et al. 1999). branches issuing at short intervals (0.8–1.4 mm). In Many Japanese Gelidium species are included in the phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences, four Gelidium Indo-Pacific/Caribbean Gelidium-complex; however, a species that are chiefly distributed in Japan including few species such as Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) G. tenuifolium were clustered together with 99% boot- Le Jolis, Gelidium divaricatum Martens and Gelidium strap value (Japanese Gelidium-complex clade). Gelid- vagum Okamura are positioned outside the Indo- ium linoides Kützing came to the position of the sister Pacific/Caribbean Gelidium-complex clade. These group to G. tenuifolium with 99% bootstrap value. species are resolved in clades with other small Pacific There were four substitutions (0.3% divergence) species (Gelidium coulteri complex) or with other between G. linoides and G. tenuifolium sequences. genera (Capreolia clade or Acanthopeltis clade), respec- Gelidium koshikianum and Gelidium allanii Chapman tively (Shimada et al. 1999). It is therefore important were clustered together with 100% bootstrap value and to make clear the phylogenetic affinity of newly they came to the position of the sister group to the described species using molecular methods. Japanese Gelidium-complex clade with 83% bootstrap In the present paper, Gelidium tenuifolium and value. There were six substitutions (0.4% divergence) Gelidium koshikianum are described as new species between G. koshikianum and G. allanii sequences. from the Pacific coast of Japan. Their phylogenetic positions within the genus Gelidium are discussed Key words: Gelidiales, Gelidium koshikianum sp. nov., based on analysis of rbcL sequences. Gelidium tenuifolium sp. nov., Japan, molecular phy- logeny, morphology, rbcL gene, Rhodophyta, secondary rhizoidal attachment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of Gelidium tenuifolium were collected at Touji (25.ix.1996) and Shirahama (25.ix.1996, 28.iii. INTRODUCTION 1998), Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture and Naminoura The red algal genus Gelidium is the largest genus in the (29.ix.1997), Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture Gelidiales and includes approximately 100 species worldwide (Nelson et al. 1994). Although 14 species *To whom correspondence should be addressed. of Gelidium are recognized in Japanese waters (Yoshida Email: [email protected] 1998), other species have been reported, such as those Communicating editor: T. Motomura. of Segi (1955, 1957), but are not currently accepted, Received 7 August 1999; accepted 27 October 1999. 38 S. Shimada et al. (Fig. 1). Specimens of G. koshikianum were collected AB030622); Gelidium elegans Kützing collected at at Nagahama (31.vii.1997), Shimo-Koshiki Island, Touji, Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture (25.ix.1996; Koshiki Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture and Yamata- AB030623); G. koshikianum collected at Nagahama, tegami (2.viii.1997), Makurazaki, Kagoshima Pre- Shimo-Koshiki Island, Koshiki Islands (31.vii.1997; fecture (Fig. 1). The majority of materials were fixed AB030626); Gelidium pacificum Okamura collected and preserved in 10% formalin/seawater and some at Enoshima, Kanagawa Prefecture (29.iii.1997; were dried as voucher herbarium specimens that are AB030627); G. tenuifolium collected at Touji, Shimoda, deposited in the Herbarium of the Graduate School Shizuoka Prefecture (25.ix.1996) and at Shirahama, of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (SAP Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture (28.iii.1997; AB030628). 070862–070877). Some plants were transported live The following 21 additional species were downloaded to Hokkaido University for culture studies. Unialgal cul- from GenBank and included in the alignment: Gelidium tures were established from excised apical tips of pusillum (Japanese material; AB017679), Gelidium branchlets of plants and grown in Provasoli enriched capense (Gmelin) Silva (L22461), Gelidium coulteri seawater medium (Provasoli 1968) at 15°C, 16 : 8 Harvey (U00105), Gelidium micropterum Kützing light : dark (LD) with the photon flux of 15–25 µmol (U00446), Suhria vittata (Linnaeus) J. Agardh photons m–2 s–1. (U00112), Gelidium sesquipedale (Clemente) Thuret Sections were made by hand using a razor blade. (L22071), Gelidium pulchellum (Turner) Kützing Tissues of fixed materials were stained with 0.5% (U01822), Gelidium canariense (Grunow) Seoane- (w/v) cotton blue in a lactic acid/phenol/glycerol/water Camba (L22460), Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet (1 : 1 : 1 : 1) solution and mounted in 50% glycerol/ et Thuret (U00112), Gelidium attenuatum (Turner) seawater on microscope slides. Thuret (U00110), Gelidium floridanum Taylor Methods for total DNA extraction, polymerase chain (U00106), Gelidium purpurascens Gardner (U00979), reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of Gelidium serrulatum J. Agardh (U01042), Gelidium the rbcL gene were as described by Shimada et al. americanum (Taylor) Santelices (L22459), Gelidium (1999). For this study, we determined six rbcL abbottiorum Norris (U16829), Gelidium pteridifolium sequences: Gelidium linoides Kützing collected at Shi- Norris, Hommersand et Fredericq (U16833), Gelidium rahama, Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture (25.ix.1996; robustum (Gardner) Hollenberg et Abbott (U01041), Gelidium allanii Chapman (L22458), Gelidium elegans from Chiba Prefecture (U16830), Gelidium pacificum from Chiba Prefecture (U16832) and Ptilophora pinati- fida (J. Agardh) Norris (U16834). Ptilophora pinnatifida was used as an outgroup. The distance matrix, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods were used to construct phylogenetic trees. For the distance matrix method, we used Kimura’s (1980) two-parameter method to calculate the distance matrix and neighbor-joining (NJ) method (Saitou and Nei 1987) to construct the tree using the CLUSTAL W computer program (Thomp- son et al. 1994; Higgins et al. 1996). Maximum parsi- mony (MP) analysis was implemented with the PAUP program (version 3.1.1.; Swofford 1993) using heuris- tic search (simple addition). The maximum likelihood (ML) method was implemented with the fastDNAml program (version 1.0.6c; Olsen et al. 1994) using the global search option. Bootstrap analyses based on 100 re-samplings of the data set (Felsenstein 1985) were calculated to evaluate the statistical reliability of the NJ and MP trees. The alignments are available from the corresponding author on request. RESULTS Gelidium tenuifolium sp. nov. Fig. 1. Map showing collection localities of this study. (v) Gelid- Axes erecti, 15–30 cm alti, cartilaginei, purpureorubri ium tenuifolium; (j), Gelidium koshikanium. ad brunneoli-rubri, teres ad subteres, 480–720 µm Gelidium tenuifolium sp. nov. and G. koshikianum sp. nov. 39 diametro in parte basali, sursum compressescentes, in thickness in the distal portion; axes and indetermi- attingentes 1.4–2.0 mm in latitudine et 280–340 µm nate branches having obtuse apices; apical cells of axes in crassitudine in parte medio, oppositim vel alternatim- and indeterminate branches usually immersed in the distichim ramosi 4-plo vel 5-plo; rami laterales apical depression. Tetrasporangia irregularly disposed at numerosi breves, simplices, determinati sed aliqui inde- the apices of short determinate branches, cruciately terminati; rami indeterminati ordinis primae ad tertiae or decussately divided, 44–60 µm long and 24–40 µm teres ad subteres, 400–560 µm diametro in parte prox- wide; cystocarps formed in the middle portion of short imali, sursum compressescentes ad complanatescentes, determinate branches; spermatangia unknown. attingentes usque ad 2 mm in latitudine et 60–80 µm in Holotype and type locality: A cystocarpic specimen crassitudine in parte distali; axes et rami indeterminati (SAP 070868; Fig. 2), collected at Shirahama, apicibus obtusis; cellulae apicales axium et ramorum Shizuoka Prefecture, on 28.iii.1998 by S. indeterminatorum
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