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Asc-075287668-167-01 International migration and national development in sub-Saharan Africa : viewpoints and policy initiatives in the countries of origin Adepoju, Aderanti; Naerssen, Ton van; Zoomers, Annelies Citation Adepoju, A., Naerssen, T. van, & Zoomers, A. (2008). International migration and national development in sub-Saharan Africa : viewpoints and policy initiatives in the countries of origin. Brill, Leiden [etc.]. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18549 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18549 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). International migration and national development in sub-Saharan Africa Afrika-Studiecentrum Series Editorial Board vdWalle Posel Watson Mathieu Konings VOLUME ??? International migration and national development in sub-Saharan Africa: Viewpoints and policy initiatives in the countries of origin Editors: Aderanti Adepoju Ton van Naerssen Annelies Zoomers Contents List of tables and figures vii Abbreviations and acronyms viii Acknowledgements xi 1 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT : AN INTRODUCTION TO POLICIES IN SUB -SAHARAN AFRICA 1 Annelies Zoomers, Aderanti Adepoju & Ton van Naerssen 2 PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SUB -SAHARAN AFRICA 21 Aderanti Adepoju 3 AFRICAN BRAIN DRAIN AND GAIN , DIASPORA AND REMITTANCES : MORE RHETORIC THAN ACTION 49 John Oucho 4 EXPERIENCES WITH INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION , NEW POLICY DIRECTIONS AND VIEWPOINTS FROM BURKINA FASO 70 Annelet Broekhuis 5 MIGRATION MANAGEMENT : MOZAMBIQUE ’S CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES 91 Inês Raimundo Oucho 6 CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS , TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION FROM BOTSWANA 117 Thando Gwebu 7 GOVERNANCE OF MIGRATION IN SENEGAL : THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN FORMULATING MIGRATION POLICIES 141 Maguemati Wabgou 8 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION , NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS : THE CASE OF NIGERIA 161 Hein de Haas v 9 THE MIGRATION DEBATE IN KENYA 182 Marcel Rutten & Koki Muli 10 MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES 204 Fabio Baggio 11 THE NEW HEROES AND HEROINES OF NORTH AMERICA : REMITTANCES AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICO 222 Marianne Marchand 12 MIGRATION , DIASPORA ABD DEVELOPMENT : THE CASE OF THE PEOPLE ’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 242 Maggi W.H. Leung 13 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY : SOME FINAL REFLECTIONS 265 Annelies Zoomers & Aderanti Adepoju 14 SEARCHING FOR APPROPRIATE MIGRATION POLICIES : A SUMMARY OF CONCRETE POLICY INITIATIVES 284 Annelies Zoomers & Aderanti Adepoju About the authors 297 Index 303 vi List of tables and figures Tables 5.1 Number of foreigners living in Mozambique in 1997, by province and gender 98 5.2 Number of migrant labourers working in South Africa 101 5.3 Remittances and deferred pay, in South African rands (ZAR) 103 5.4 Payment transactions (in million ZAR), remitted through TEBA, Ltd. 104 5.5 Origin of foreign-born lusophone people in the US in 2000 107 5.6 Emigration for training purpose 110 6.1 Percentage of absentees by destination and socioeconomic activity 122 6.2 Main source of income for the native population 125 8.1 Estimates of numbers of Nigerians living outside Africa 165 9.1 Estimates for workers remittances to Kenya in 2005 196 10.1 Stock estimate of overseas Filipinos as at December 2005 206 10.2 Major destinations of land-based overseas Filipino workers, 2005 207 10.3 Deployed overseas Filipino workers – new hires* – by selected occupation groups, 2005 208 11.1 Mexicans migrating to look for work in the United States, by region and sex (%) 225 12.1 Major foreign investors in China: 1979-2005 248 12.2 Distribution of foreign direct investment by aggregated sector, 2002–2004 249 Figures 6.1 Recent trends in unemployment in Botswana 119 6.2 Percentage of absentees 1971-2001 120 6.3 Migration trends to South African mines 1990-2004 121 6.4 Potential destinations of skilled emigrants 124 6.5 Push factors on potential emigrants 125 9.1 Number of refugees and asylum seekers (‘000), Kenya, 1992-2005 186 9.2 Inflow of immigrants from Kenya to the United States and the United Kingdom, 1991 to 2001 191 9.3 Stock of Kenyan immigrants for selected countries 191 10.1 Household utilisation of overseas remittances: Q1 2005 – Q2 2006 209 10.2 Philippine HDI, 1975-2003 211 12.1 Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities and open economic regions in China 252 12.2 Industrial zones in China 253 12.3 State-level Economic and Technology Development Zones 254 12.4 State-level Hi-Tech and New Technology Development Zones 254 vii Abbreviations and acronyms ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific ALCA Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (Free Trade Area of the Americas) AMA Accelerated Micro-enterprise Advancement Project AU African Union BHS Banque de l'habitat du Sénégal 1 BIT Bureau International du Travail (see ILO) BREDA Bureau régional pour l’Éducation en Afrique (UNESCO- BREDA) CA Cotonou Agreement CBK Central Bank of Kenya CCOFW Consultative Council on Overseas Filipino Workers CEAO Communauté de Économique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (ECOWAS) CEGECI Centre de Gestion des Cités (Cities’ Management Centre) CFO Commission for Filipinos Overseas CONAPO Conseil National de la Population CONASUR Comité National de Secours d’Urgence et de Réhabilitation (National Committee for Emergency Assistance and Rehabilitation) CSBE Conseil Supérieur des Burkinabé à l’Etranger (High Council of Burkinabé Abroad) CSSE Conseil Supérieur des Sénégalais de l'Extérieur 2 DAWN Development Action for Women Network DES Direction des Sénégalais de l'Extérieur 3 DFID Department for International Development (UK) DOH Department of Health EAC East African Community ECA Economic Commission for Africa (UN) ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECMI Episcopal Commission for Migrants and Itinerant People ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States (CEAO) EGDI Expert Group on Development Issues (Sweden) EMP Euro-Mediterranean Partnership ERCOF Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos 1 Senegalese Housing Bank 2 High Council for Senegalese [Nationals] Living Abroad 3 Directorate for Senegalese [Nationals] Living Abroad viii EU European Union FAIR Framework for Assessing the Impact of Remittances FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FDI Foreign direct investment FRELIMO Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Mozambique Liberation Front) GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GCIM Global Commission on International Migration GDI Gender-related Development Index GDN Global Development Network GDP Gross domestic product GJLOS Governance, Justice, Law and Order Sector GNP Gross national product HCIDC House of Commons International Development Committee (UK) HDI Human Development Index HTAs Home-town associations IADB Inter-American Development Bank ICBT Informal cross-border trade/trading ICT Information and Communication Technology IDP Internally displaced person IFAFE Initiatives des femmes africaines de France et d’Europe IFIs International financial institutions IJO International Jobs Office ILO International Labour Organisation (OIT/BIT) IMA Institute for Mexicans Abroad (IME) IME Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (IMA) IMF International Monetary Fund INGC Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades (Natural Disaster Management Institute) INSTRAW United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women IOM International Organization for Migration (OIM) IPEC International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IPO Initial Public Offer IRCA Immigration Reform and Control Act IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks (UN) KAIF Kenyans Abroad Investment Fund KCA Kenyan Community Abroad LFS Labor Force Survey MBN Minimum Basic Needs MDGs Millennium Development Goals Mercosur Mercado Común del Sur (Southern Common Market) ix MIDA Migrations pour le Développement en Afrique MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MIDSA Migration Dialogue for Southern Africa MTOs Money transfer organisations MWB Migration without borders NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAPTIP National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and Other Related Matters NEEDS Nation Economic Empowerment Development Strategy NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-governmental organisation NHS National Health Service (UK) NIDO Nigerians in the Diaspora Organization NNPC Nigerian National Planning Commission NNVS Nigeria National Volunteer Services NOMRA Network of Migration Research in Africa NSO National Statistical Office OAU Organisation of African Unity OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ODA Official development assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OFWs overseas Filipino workers OIM Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (IOM ) OIT Organisation Internationale du Travail (ILO) OMS Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (WHO) OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration PDIP Projet Diaspora Investor au Pays PDOS Pre-departure orientation seminars POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration PRSP Poverty reduction strategy paper RECs Regional economic communities RENAMO Resistência Nacional de Moçambique (Mozambique National Resistance) RQAN Return of Qualified African Nationals RSD Refugee Status Determination SACU Southern African Customs Union SADC Southern African Development Community 4 SAMP Southern African Migration Project SAP Structural adjustment programme SARPN Southern
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