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Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India
Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5 (3): 213–247(2015) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article CREAM Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India Amandeep K1*, Atri NS2 and Munruchi K2 1Desh Bhagat College of Education, Bardwal–Dhuri–148024, Punjab, India. 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala–147002, Punjab, India. Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K 2015 – Ecology, Distribution Perspective, Economic Utility and Conservation of Coprophilous Agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) Occurring in Punjab, India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology 5(3), 213–247, Doi 10.5943/cream/5/3/6 Abstract This paper includes the results of eco-taxonomic studies of coprophilous mushrooms in Punjab, India. The information is based on the survey to dung localities of the state during the various years from 2007-2011. A total number of 172 collections have been observed, growing as saprobes on dung of various domesticated and wild herbivorous animals in pastures, open areas, zoological parks, and on dung heaps along roadsides or along village ponds, etc. High coprophilous mushrooms’ diversity has been established and a number of rare and sensitive species recorded with the present study. The observed collections belong to 95 species spread over 20 genera and 07 families of the order Agaricales. The present paper discusses the distribution of these mushrooms in Punjab among different seasons, regions, habitats, and growing habits along with their economic utility, habitat management and conservation. This is the first attempt in which various dung localities of the state has been explored systematically to ascertain the diversity, seasonal availability, distribution and ecology of coprophilous mushrooms. -
Diversity of Species of the Genus Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) Collected on Dung from Punjab, India
Mycosphere 6(1): 19–42(2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/1/4 Diversity of species of the genus Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) collected on dung from Punjab, India Amandeep K1*, Atri NS2 and Munruchi K2 1Desh Bhagat College of Education, Bardwal-Dhuri-148024, Punjab, India 2Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, Punjab, India. Amandeep K, Atri NS, Munruchi K 2015 – Diversity of species of the genus Conocybe (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) collected on dung from Punjab, India. Mycosphere 6(1), 19–42, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/1/4 Abstract A study of diversity of coprophilous species of Conocybe was carried out in Punjab state of India during the years 2007 to 2011. This research paper represents 22 collections belonging to 16 Conocybe species growing on five diverse dung types. The species include Conocybe albipes, C. apala, C. brachypodii, C. crispa, C. fuscimarginata, C. lenticulospora, C. leucopus, C. magnicapitata, C. microrrhiza var. coprophila var. nov., C. moseri, C. rickenii, C. subpubescens, C. subxerophytica var. subxerophytica, C. subxerophytica var. brunnea, C. uralensis and C. velutipes. For all these taxa, dung types on which they were found growing are mentioned and their distinctive characters are described and compared with similar taxa along with a key for their identification. The taxonomy of ten taxa is discussed along with the drawings of morphological and anatomical features. Conocybe microrrhiza var. coprophila is proposed as a new variety. As many as six taxa, namely C. albipes, C. fuscimarginata, C. lenticulospora, C. leucopus, C. moseri and C. -
Mycodiversity Studies in Selected Ecosystems of Greece: 5
Uploaded — May 2011 [Link page — MYCOTAXON 115: 535] Expert reviewers: Giuseppe Venturella, Solomon P. Wasser Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., central Greece) ELIAS POLEMIS1, DIMITRIS M. DIMOU1,3, LEONIDAS POUNTZAS4, DIMITRIS TZANOUDAKIS2 & GEORGIOS I. ZERVAKIS1* 1 [email protected], [email protected] Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 2 University of Patras, Dept. of Biology, Panepistimioupoli, 26500 Rion, Greece 3 Koritsas 10, 15343 Agia Paraskevi, Greece 4 Technological Educational Institute of Mesologgi, 30200 Mesologgi, Greece Abstract — Very scarce literature data are available on the macrofungi associated with sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa, Fagaceae). We report here the results of an inventory of basidiomycetes, which was undertaken in the region of Nafpactia Mts., central Greece. The investigated area, with woods dominated by C. sativa, was examined for the first time in respect to its mycodiversity. One hundred and four species belonging in 54 genera were recorded. Fifteen species (Conocybe pseudocrispa, Entoloma nitens, Lactarius glaucescens, Lichenomphalia velutina, Parasola schroeteri, Pholiotina coprophila, Russula alutacea, R. azurea, R. pseudoaeruginea, R. pungens, R. vitellina, Sarcodon glaucopus, Tomentella badia, T. fibrosa and Tubulicrinis sororius) are reported for the first time from Greece. In addition, 33 species constitute new habitats/hosts/substrates records. Key words — biodiversity, macromycete, Mediterranean, mushroom Introduction Castanea sativa Mill., Fagaceae (sweet chestnut) generally prefers north- facing slopes where the rainfall is greater than 600 mm, on moderately acid soils (pH 4.5–6.5) with a light texture. It covers ca. -
Influence of Tree Species on Richness and Diversity of Epigeous Fungal
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication fungal ecology 4 (2011) 22e31 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Influence of tree species on richness and diversity of epigeous fungal communities in a French temperate forest stand Marc BUE´Ea,*, Jean-Paul MAURICEb, Bernd ZELLERc, Sitraka ANDRIANARISOAc, Jacques RANGERc,Re´gis COURTECUISSEd, Benoıˆt MARC¸AISa, Franc¸ois LE TACONa aINRA Nancy, UMR INRA/UHP 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France bGroupe Mycologique Vosgien, 18 bis, place des Cordeliers, 88300 Neufchaˆteau, France cINRA Nancy, UR 1138 Bioge´ochimie des Ecosyste`mes Forestiers, 54280 Champenoux, France dUniversite´ de Lille, Faculte´ de Pharmacie, F59006 Lille, France article info abstract Article history: Epigeous saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal sporocarps were assessed during Received 30 September 2009 7 yr in a French temperate experimental forest site with six 30-year-old mono-specific Revision received 10 May 2010 plantations (four coniferous and two hardwood plantations) and one 150-year-old native Accepted 21 July 2010 mixed deciduous forest. A total of 331 fungal species were identified. Half of the fungal Available online 6 October 2010 species were ECM, but this proportion varied slightly by forest composition. The replace- Corresponding editor: Anne Pringle ment of the native forest by mono-specific plantations, including native species such as beech and oak, considerably altered the diversity of epigeous ECM and saprotrophic fungi. Keywords: Among the six mono-specific stands, fungal diversity was the highest in Nordmann fir and Conifer plantation Norway spruce plantations and the lowest in Corsican pine and Douglas fir plantations. -
Pt Reyes Species As of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus Biennis Agaricus
Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus biennis Agaricus augustus Agaricus bernardii Agaricus californicus Agaricus campestris Agaricus cupreobrunneus Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Agaricus lilaceps Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agaricus rutilescens Agaricus silvicola Agaricus subrutilescens Agaricus xanthodermus Agrocybe pediades Agrocybe praecox Alboleptonia sericella Aleuria aurantia Alnicola sp. Amanita aprica Amanita augusta Amanita breckonii Amanita calyptratoides Amanita constricta Amanita gemmata Amanita gemmata var. exannulata Amanita calyptraderma Amanita calyptraderma (white form) Amanita magniverrucata Amanita muscaria Amanita novinupta Amanita ocreata Amanita pachycolea Amanita pantherina Amanita phalloides Amanita porphyria Amanita protecta Amanita velosa Amanita smithiana Amaurodon sp. nova Amphinema byssoides gr. Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum Anthrocobia melaloma Antrodia heteromorpha Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Armillaria nabsnona Arrhenia epichysium Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Arrhenia retiruga Ascobolus sp. Ascocoryne sarcoides Astraeus hygrometricus Auricularia auricula Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura Balsamia cf. magnata Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Boidinia propinqua Bolbitius vitellinus Suillellus (Boletus) amygdalinus Rubroboleus (Boletus) eastwoodiae Boletus edulis Boletus fibrillosus Botryobasidium longisporum Botryobasidium sp. Botryobasidium vagum Bovista dermoxantha Bovista pila Bovista plumbea Bulgaria inquinans Byssocorticium californicum -
OPTIMA Newsletter
Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Medi- terranean Area OPTIMA Newsletter Organisation pour l’Étude Phyto-Taxonomique de la Région OPTIMA Newsletter is a news journal for the Méditerranéenne presentation and discussion of issues pertinent to Mediterranean botany, published by the Secretariat Executive Council / Conseil exécutif 1995-2001 of the Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Inves- Prof. Werner Greuter, Switzerland, (President) tigation of the Mediterranean Area. The editors Prof. Francesco Raimondo, Italy (Vice-President) welcome the submission of news, items and articles Dr. José María Iriondo, Spain (Secretary) by all interested parties. Please send articles to: Dr. Nikola Dikli6, Yugoslavia OPTIMA Secretariat, Dpto. Biología Vegetal, E.U.I.T. Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica, E-28040 Dr. Eleonora Gabrielian, Armenia Madrid, Spain. Tel.: + 34 91 3365462. Fax: + 34 91 Prof. Vernon H. Heywood, U. K. 3365656. E-mail: [email protected]. http:// Prof. Georgia Kamari, Greece www. bgbm.fu-berlin.de/OPTIMA/ Mr. Joël Mathez, France Prof. Uzi Plitmann, Israel Editors: J.M. Iriondo and L.J. De Hond International Board / Comité International 1995-2001 Conservation News Editor: J.M. Iriondo The above and / Les précités et: Fungi News Editor: S. Onofri Prof. María Teresa Almeida, Portugal Dr. Loutfy Boulos, Egypt Herbarium News Editor: P. Blanco Prof. Kazimierz Browicz, Poland Web News Editor: J.M. Iriondo Dr. Amots Dafni, Israel Announcements: S. Pajarón and J.M. Iriondo Prof. Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Austria Notices of Publications Editor: W. Greuter Prof. Tuna Ekim, Turkey French Translation: J. Mathez Mohammed Fennane, Morocco Lay out: M.J. Albert Prof. H. Freitag, Germany Daniel Jeanmonod, Switzerland Dr. -
Taxons BW Fin 2013
Liste des 1863 taxons en Brabant Wallon au 31/12/2013 (1298 basidios, 436 ascos, 108 myxos et 21 autres) [1757 taxons au 31/12/2012, donc 106 nouveaux taxons] Remarque : Le nombre derrière le nom du taxon correspond au nombre de récoltes. Ascomycètes Acanthophiobolus helicosporus : 1 Cheilymenia granulata : 2 Acrospermum compressum : 4 Cheilymenia oligotricha : 6 Albotricha acutipila : 2 Cheilymenia raripila : 1 Aleuria aurantia : 31 Cheilymenia rubra : 1 Aleuria bicucullata : 1 Cheilymenia theleboloides : 2 Aleuria cestrica : 1 Chlorociboria aeruginascens : 3 Allantoporthe decedens : 2 Chlorosplenium viridulum : 4 Amphiporthe leiphaemia : 1 Choiromyces meandriformis : 1 Anthostomella rubicola : 2 Ciboria amentacea : 9 Anthostomella tomicoides : 2 Ciboria batschiana : 8 Anthracobia humillima : 1 Ciboria caucus : 15 Anthracobia macrocystis : 3 Ciboria coryli : 2 Anthracobia maurilabra : 1 Ciboria rufofusca : 1 Anthracobia melaloma : 3 Cistella grevillei : 1 Anthracobia nitida : 1 Cladobotryum dendroides : 1 Apiognomonia errabunda : 1 Claussenomyces atrovirens : 1 Apiognomonia hystrix : 4 Claviceps microcephala : 1 Aporhytisma urticae : 1 Claviceps purpurea : 2 Arachnopeziza aurata : 1 Clavidisculum caricis : 1 Arachnopeziza aurelia : 1 Coleroa robertiani : 1 Arthrinium sporophleum : 1 Colletotrichum dematium : 1 Arthrobotrys oligospora : 3 Colletotrichum trichellum : 2 Ascobolus albidus : 16 Colpoma quercinum : 1 Ascobolus brassicae : 4 Coniochaeta ligniaria : 1 Ascobolus carbonarius : 5 Coprotus disculus : 1 Ascobolus crenulatus : 11 -
Vorläufige Alphabetische Artenliste Der Pilze Im Böhmerwald (Stand 2018)
Vorläufige alphabetische Artenliste der Pilze im Böhmerwald (Stand 2018) Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer Agaricus vaporarius (Vittad.) M.M. Moser Achroomyces microsporus (McNabb) Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. Wojewoda Agaricus xanthodermus var. griseus (A. Acremonium domschii W. Gams Pearson) Bon & Capelli Acrodontium hydnicola (Peck) De Hoog Agaricus xanthodermus var. lepiotoides Maire Acrogenospora sphaerocephala (Berk. & Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer Broome) M.B. Ellis Agrocybe dura (Bolton : Fr.) Singer Actidium baccarinii (Paoli) H. Zogg Agrocybe elatella (P. Karst.) Vesterh. Actidium hysterioides Fr. Agrocybe firma (Peck) Kühner Actidium nitidum (Ellis) H. Zogg Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod Aecidium euphorbiae Pers. ex J.F. Gmel. Agrocybe praecox (Pers. : Fr.) Fayod Aecidium ranunculi-acris Pers. Agrocybe putaminum (Maire) Singer Aeruginoscyphus sericeus (Alb. & Schwein. : Agrocybe tabacina (DC. : Fr.) Konrad & Maubl. Fr.) Dougoud Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Romagn. Agaricus altipes (F.H. Møller) Pilát Albatrellus citrinus Ryman Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Albatrellus confluens (Alb. & Schwein. : Fr.) Agaricus augustus Fr. Kotl. & Pouzar Agaricus benesii (Pilát) Singer Albatrellus cristatus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Kotl. & Agaricus bernardii (Quél.) Sacc. Pouzar Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff. : Fr.) Kotl. & Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Pouzar Agaricus bresadolanus Bohus Albatrellus pes-caprae (Pers. : Fr.) Pouzar Agaricus campestris L. Albatrellus subrubescens (Murrill) Pouzar Agaricus campestris var. squamulosus Rea Albugo candida (Pers.) Roussel Agaricus cappellii Bohus & L. Albert Aleuria aurantia (Pers. : Fr.) Fuckel Agaricus chionodermus Pilát Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Agaricus comtulus Fr. Aleurodiscus aurantius (Pers. : Fr.) J. Schröt. Agaricus depauperatus (F.H. Møller) Pilát Aleurodiscus disciformis (DC.) Pat. Agaricus essettei Bon Allophylaria subhyalina (Rehm) Baral Agaricus gennadii (Chatin & Boud.) P.D. Orton Allophylaria sublicoides (P. Karst.) Nannf. -
Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 30 · Nummer 2 · 2009 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Inkluderar Tidigare
Volym 30 nummer 2 2009 2 nummer 30 Volym Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Tidskrift Mykologisk Svensk Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 30 · nummer 2 · 2009 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift inkluderar tidigare: www.svampar.se Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Sveriges Mykologiska Förening Tidskriften publicerar originalartiklar med svamp- Föreningen verkar för anknytning och med svenskt och nordeuropeiskt - en bättre kännedom om Sveriges svampar intresse. Tidskriften utkommer med fyra nummer och svampars roll i naturen per år och ägs av Sveriges Mykologiska Förening. - skydd av naturen och att svampplockning och Instruktioner till författare finns på SMF:s hemsida annat uppträdande i skog och mark sker under www.svampar.se Tidskrift erhålls genom medlem- iakttagande av gällande lagar skap i SMF. - att kontakter mellan lokala svampföreningar Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift framställs med bidrag och svampintresserade i landet underlättas från bl. a. Tore Nathorst-Windahls minnesfond - att kontakt upprätthålls med mykologiska och Naturvårdsverket. föreningar i grannländer - en samverkan med mykologisk forskning och Redaktion vetenskap. Redaktör och ansvarig utgivare Mikael Jeppson Medlemskap erhålls genom insättning av Lilla Håjumsgatan 4, medlemsavgiften 250:- (familjemedlem 50:-, 461 35 TROLLHÄTTAN vilket ej inkluderar Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift) 0520-82910 på postgirokonto 443 92 02 - 5. Medlemsavgift [email protected] inbetald från utlandet är 300:-. Hjalmar Croneborg Subscriptions from abroad are welcome. Pay- Mattsarve Gammelgarn ments (300 SEK) can be made to our bank ac- 620 16 LJUGARN count: 018-672557 Swedbank [email protected] Storgatan, S 293 00 Olofström, Sweden SWIFT: SWEDSESS Jan Nilsson IBAN no. SE9280000848060140108838 Smeberg 2 450 84 BULLAREN 0525-20972 Sveriges Mykologiska Förening [email protected] Institutionen för växt- och miljövetenskaper Göteborgs Universitet Äldre nummer av Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Box 461 (inkl. -
Revision Von Velenovskýs Galera-Arten, Die Den Gattungen Conocybe Und Pholiotina Angehören
C zech m y c o l. 51 (1), 1999 Revision von Velenovskýs Galera-Arten, die den Gattungen Conocybe und Pholiotina angehören A n t o n H a u s k n e c h t Sonndorferstraße 22, A-3712 Maissau, Österreich Hausknecht A. (1998): Revision of Velenovský’s species of the genus Galera which belong to the genera Conocybe and Pholiotina - Czech Mycol. 51: 41-70 All species of Galera described by Velenovský and belonging to the genera Conocybe and Pholiotina are critically revised. Of 31 species cited in Velenovský’s papers many are considered dubious, the herbarium material being in a too bad state to allow a correct interpretation; in a number of cases such material is even not existing. Two species are described as new, nine new combinations are proposed and six species are reduced to synonyms. Key words: Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae, Galera, Conocybe, Pholiotina, Velenovský, J. - Mycoflora of the Czech Republic. Hausknecht A. (1998): Revision von Velenovskýs Galera-Arten, die den Gattungen Conocybe und Pholiotina angehören - Czech Mycol. 51: 41-70 Alle von Velenovský als Galera beschriebenen Arten, die den Gattungen Conocybe oder Pholiotina zuzuordnen sind, werden revidiert. Von den 31 in seinen Arbeiten aufgeführten Arten werden viele — meist weil das Herbarmaterial in zu schlechtem Zustand für eine korrekte Interpretation ist oder fehlt - als zweifelhaft eingestuft; zwei neue Arten werden beschrieben und neun Neukombinationen werden vorgeschlagen, sechs Arten werden als Synonyme erkannt. Hausknecht A. (1998): Revize Velenovského druhů rodu Galera náležejících do rodů Conocybe a Pholiotina - Czech Mycol. 51: 41-70 Byly revidovány všechny druhy, které popsal Velenovský v rodu Galera a které dnes patří do rodů Conocybe nebo Pholiotina. -
Chemical Elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
Chemical elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes The reference mushrooms as instruments for investigating bioindication and biodiversity Roberto Cenci, Luigi Cocchi, Orlando Petrini, Fabrizio Sena, Carmine Siniscalco, Luciano Vescovi Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena EUR 24415 EN 2011 1 The mission of the JRC-IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via E.Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA) Italy Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC Catalogue number: LB-NA-24415-EN-C Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena JRC65050 EUR 24415 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20395-4 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/22228 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Translation: Dr. Luca Umidi © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 2 Attached to this document is a CD containing: • A PDF copy of this document • Information regarding the soil and mushroom sampling site locations • Analytical data (ca, 300,000) on total samples of soils and mushrooms analysed (ca, 10,000) • The descriptive statistics for all genera and species analysed • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in mushrooms • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in soils 3 Contact information: Address: Roberto M. -
<I> Tricholoma</I> in Northern Europe Based on ITS
Københavns Universitet Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob; Christensen, M.; Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg; Kjøller, Rasmus Published in: Persoonia DOI: 10.3767/003158517X693174 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., Frøslev, T. G., & Kjøller, R. (2017). Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 38, 38-57. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693174 Download date: 15. okt.. 2019 Persoonia 38, 2017: 38–57 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693174 Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters J. Heilmann-Clausen1, M. Christensen2, T.G. Frøslev 3, R. Kjøller 4 Key words Abstract Based on molecular and morphological data we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of the ecto- mycorrhizal genus Tricholoma in northern Europe. Our phylogenetic tree confirmed the presence of at least 72 Agarics well circumscribed species within the region. Of these, three species, viz. T. boreosulphurescens, T. bryogenum biogeography and T. ilkkae are described as new to science, based on morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular cryptic species data. Several other terminal branches represent putative cryptic taxa nested within classical species or species ectomycorrhizal fungi groups. Molecular type studies and/or designation of sequenced neotypes are needed in these groups, before host selection the taxonomy can be settled. In general our phylogenetic analysis supported previous suprageneric classification morphological traits systems, but with some substantial changes.