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Humid and Hot/ Arid Climates COURTYARD HOUSES: URBAN DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HOT/HUMID AND HOT/ARID CLIMATES Item Type text; Master's Report-Reproduction (electronic) Authors AL-JABER, KHALED J. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 18:11:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555269 <jAfP TUES2S 3 0 i I p 0‘tm. C ^ ' 3 9001 03556 3686 COURTYARD HOUSES: URBAN DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HOT /HUMID AND HOT /ARID CLIMATES Source; Golombek Lisa By: Khaled J. Al-Jaber A Master’s Report Submitted to the Planning Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Planning THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1997 Copyright © Khaled Jassim Al-Jaber, 1997 IN THE NAME OF GOD, MOST GRACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL COURTYARD HOUSES: URBAN DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HOT/ HUMID AND HOT/ ARID CLIMATES By KHALED J. AL-JABER A Master’s Report Submitted to the Planning Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Planning THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1997 Master it Committee: Professor Martin Yoklic Committee Chair Professor Kenneth Clark Committee Member Date Professor Nader Chalfoun -fe 6&- Afl7-C |q , Committee Member Date SUMMARY Designing the courtyard house with climate, and not against it, is nothing new. It is the way in which buildings were constructed for thousands of years. Humankind designs courtyard houses and urban forms in different types of climate. People learn how to take advantage of the winds, breezes, solar energy etc. These types of dwellings have logic in their form and design, which offers them maximum protection from the harsh weather. Nevertheless, in the recent past, planners and architects have been led to ignore the climatic context of urban form and buildings. They dependent on fossil fuel and sophisticated technology to achieve human comfort mechanically. Now that the demands on planners and architects are changing, the most important challenge is to create and adopt urban forms and architectures which shelter people in a sustainable method like the courtyard house. This Master’s Report provides an introduction to the courtyard house and its urban form in relation to the climate as used in the past. It offers general strategies for courtyard house design in two selected climates: 1) Hot-humid presented by Doha in Qatar and 2) Hot-arid presented by Tucson in Arizona USA. Also, it provides examples of recently designed courtyard houses for these two types of climate. Finally, the research ends with a general conclusion. Dedicated to the pure soul of my mother, to whom I owe so much inspiration, to my great father, my lovely wife and daughter with appreciation and love. Acknowledgment The author extends his deep thanks to his Master’s Report Committee: Professors Kenneth Clark, Nader Chalfoun and Martin Yoklic, for their valuable and continuous advice, comments and encouragement during all stages of this work. He gratefully acknowledges the head of the Planning Program and member of his Advisory Committee, Professor Kenneth Clark, for his continued guidance, support, and helpful suggestions throughout the entire course of study and during the preparation and writing of this Master’s Report. The author’s acknowledgment and sincere appreciation are also extended to a member of his Advisory Committee, Dr. Nader Chalfoun, for his interesting discussions, continued valuable guidance, encouragement, editing, giving constructive criticism, and insisting upon clarity of expression and genuine cooperation during the entire time of this research. The author would also like to express his acknowledgment and appreciation to Professor Martin Yoklic, chairperson of his Advisory Committee, for drawing attention to a particular quotation which helped to elucidate a planning practice, and for his sincere cooperation during the entire time of this research. In addition, the author extends his appreciation to his friends who contribute! in many ways, and thanks them for their excellent editing of this research. Last but not least, the author extends his sincere gratitude to the members of his family for their continuing moral support and encouragement which made it possible for him to come to the United States. Lastly, and the last shall be first, the author would like to give special thanks to the one who accompanied him through many rough periods and made many astute suggestions and corrections, for her patience encouragement, care, continuing support and many sacrifices, which he will never forget - his wife. Table of Contents Page No. Preface and methodology Chapter 1: The evolution of the courtyard houses and its urban form throughout history. 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 History of the Courtyard House and Urban Form in Ancient Civilizations.......................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Mesopotamia: U r............................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Egypt: Kahun..................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 Greece: Athens................................................................................... 20 1.2.4 Rome: Pompeii................................................................................... 26 1.3 The Courtyard House and Urban Form in the past and present of some Islamic countries.................................................................................. 33 1.3.1 Iran: Isfahan........................................................................................ 36 1.3.2 Afghanistan: Herat and Def Afghanan................................................ 46 a. H erat............................................................................................... 48 b. Def Afghanan................................................................................ 57 1.3.3 Examples from hot-humid climates in the Arabian gulf.................... 66 1.3.4 Example from hot-arid climate: The Central area of the Arabian peninsula .Riyadh.................................................................. 85 1.3.5 North Africa: Tunisia and Morocco................................................... 98 a. Tunisia: Tunis................................................................................ 99 b. Morocco: F ez................................................................................ 113 1.4 The Courtyard House and Urban Form in Spain, Mexico and Southwestern United States................................................................................ 122 1.4.1 Spain: Seville....................................................................................... 123 1.4.2 Mexico: Guadalajara............................................................................ 137 1.4.3 Southwestern United States:Arizona, Tucson.................................... 148 1.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................... 116 Chapter 2: Bioclimatic design strategies for courtyard houses in hot-humid and hot-arid climates......................................................... 163 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 164 2.2 Hot-humid climate.............................................................................................. 166 2.3 Hot-arid climate.................................................................................................. 172 2.4 Example of two different climate...................................................................... 178 2.5 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 181 Chapter 3: Courtyard House application in the Hot-humid (Doha) and Hot-arid (Civano) climates.................................................................184 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................185 3.2 Courtyard house design in hot-humid climate: Doha, Qatar................................... 186 3.2.1 City analysis: Doha..................................................................................... 188 3.2.2 Al-Mattar area..............................................................................................194 3.2.3 Sites analysis for Doha................................................................................ 199 3.2.4 Site design (Doha)....................................................................................... 204 3.3 Courtyard design in hot-arid climate: Tucson, Arizona............................................ 212 3.3.1 City analyze: Tucson..................................................................................213 3.3.2 Civano area................................................................................................ 216 3.3.3 Site analysis for Tucson.............................................................................219 3.3.4 Site design (Civano, Tucson).....................................................................227
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