DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological and (Genus Alytes)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological and (Genus Alytes) Contributions to Zoology, 65 (1) 5-34 (1995) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Morphological and allozyme studies of midwife toads (genus Alytes), including the description of two new taxa from Spain J.W. Arntzen & M. García-París 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor LL572UW, United Kingdom; 2 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C.S.I.C., José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain Keywords: Allozymes, Alytes, midwife toads, morphometry, Spain, taxonomy Abstract cies A. o. obstetricans y A. o. boscai Lataste, 1879, descritas previamente, más una nueva subespecie del Noreste Ibérico descrita aquí como A. o. almogavariin. ssp. El estudio de la Allozyme variation in 31 to 50 presumptive loci of 12 popula- variación morfológicaentre especies y subespecies realizado me- tions of European midwife toads ofthe genus Alytes show ap- diante análisis de componentes principales y análisis discrimi- preciable genetic divergences ( from 0.29 to 0.72) among DNei de manifiesto la existencia de destacada simi- nante pone una four groups. These groups correspond to A. cisternasii Boscá, litud morfológicaentreA. obstetricans y A. dickhilleni que, por 1879, A. obstetricans (Laurenti, 1768), A. muletensis (Sanchiz lo tanto, pueden considerarse como especies crípticas desde el & Adrover, 1979), and a new species from the Betic mountains punto de vista morfológico. El análisis filogenético realizado described here asA. dickhilleni n. sp. Smaller divergences among datos usando A . cisternasii con electroforéticos, como grupo ex- geographic ofpopulations of A. obstetricans (up to groups DNei terno, confirma la existencia de estrechas relaciones filogenéti- = 0.17) support the existence of three geographic units in cas entre A. dickhilleni y A. muletensis queconstituyenun grupo Europe corresponding to the previously recognized subspecies A. monofilético, mientras que obstetricans se sitúa como grupo A. o. obstetricans and A. o. boscai Lataste, 1879, plus a third hermano del A. dickhilleni-A. muletensis. Adicionalmente par one described here under the designation ofA. o. almogavarii se discute la biogeografía histórica del género. The of variation n. ssp. analysis morphological among taxa discriminant shows using principal component and analysis a remarkable similarity between A. dickhilleni and A. obstetri- A these are cryptic species. phylogenetic analysis of allo- cans; Introduction zyme data using A. cisternasii as the outgroup supports a sister taxon relationship between A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni, with A. obstetricans the sister taxon to this clade. The historical A population of midwife toads was recently discov- biogeography of the is discussed. of the Balearic Islands genus ered on Mallorca, the largest (Alcover & Mayol, 1980; Mayol & Alcover, 1981). Surprisingly, these midwife toads appeared to be Resumen the survivors of the Mallorcan Baleaphryne mule- tensis described as fossil species by Sanchiz & El análisis de la variación genética en 12 poblaciones de sapos Adrover (1979). The taxonomie status of the parteros europeos del género Alytes, basado en el estudio de Mallorcan midwife toad as Alytes muletensis is now 50 31 a loci mediante electroforesis de proteínas, muestra la ex- generally accepted (García-París, 1985; Salvador, istencia de una divergencia genética = 0.29— pronunciada (DNei Two continental of midwifetoads de 1985). species are 0.72) entre cuatro grupos poblaciones. Estos grupos cor- the Iberian midwife toad respondena las especies Alytes cisternasii Boscá, 1879, A. obste- currently recognized, tricans (Laurenti, 1768), A. muletensis (Sanchíz & Adrover, A. cisternasii Boscá, 1879, from the southwestern 1979) y una especie nueva que se describe en este trabajo bajo region of the Iberian Peninsula, and the Common el nombre de A. dickhilleni n. sp. Las diferencias genéticas ob- midwife toad A. obstetricans (Laurenti, 1768) with servadas de entre grupos poblaciones geográficamente separa- a wide distribution that from the Middle das dentro de la A . obstetricans = ranges especie (hasta DNei 0.17) per- Atlas in Morocco the Harz Mountains in Ger- mite reconocerotros tres grupos correspondientes a las subespe- to 6 J. W. Arntzen & M. Garcia-Paris - Midwife toad systematics linewith its distribution, A. obstetri- many. In wide cans occupies a wide variety of habitats, ranging from rocky areas near mountain lakes, humid forests along coastal streams, to arid plateaus and, occasionally, xerophilous coastal scrub zones close to man-made ponds. In the southernmost part of the Iberian Peninsula, midwife toads appear to be restricted to the higher altitudesof mountainranges (Antunez et al., 1982), where the toads may live under ecological conditions that are surprisingly similarto thoseof A. muletensison Mallorca. Mor- phological and allozyme variation has been report- ed for A. obstetricans (Lataste, 1879a; Pasteur & Bons, 1962; Guyétant, 1977; Arntzen & Szymura, 1984; Viegas & Crespo, 1985; Rosa et al., 1990) and is reflected in the description of several subspecies. The known distributions of revised midwife toad species and subspecies are presented in Fig. 1. Immunological, protein electrophoretic and mor- A. dickhilleni. - Spain: A, Sierra de Alcaraz (present paper); B, Sierra de Gádor (Antúnez et al., 1988); C, Sierra Tejeda (present paper). A . muletensis. — In its present-day distribution the species is only known from six localities in the Serra Tramuntana of Mal- lorca, Spain. A. - obstetricans. France: 1, map of the “Institut Géogra- phique National” (IGN) 1/50,000 XXII-2 (Calais) (Guyétant, 1989). The Netherlands: 2, Limburg, gridreference 60.42 (Berg- mans & Zuiderwijk, 1986). Germany: 3, Westfalia, MTB grid reference 3819/4(Feldmann, 1981);4, Niedersachsen, MTB grid Fig. 1. Distribution of four species of midwife toads. Reliable 3723/2 (Lemmel, 1977); 5, MTB grid 4132/2 (Schiemenz & records the of the documenting outer range species are as Günther, 1994); 6, MTG grid 4434/1 (Schiemenz & Günther, follows: 1994); 7, MTB grid 5330/4 (Schiemenz & Günther, 1994); Alytes cisternasii. - Portugal: transect a-a’ according to Rosa 8, UTM grid QA 04 (Müller, 1976);9, UTM grid PV 54 (Müller, et al. (1990). Spain: b, Province of Zamora: UTM grid TL 69 1976). Switzerland: 10, Berneck (Grossenbacher, 1988); (Pollo et al., 1988); c, Province of Valladolid: UTM grid UL 46 11, Grindelwald (Grossenbacher, 1988); 12, Vevey (Grossen- et (García-París al., 1990); d, Province of Segovia: UTM grid bacher, 1988). France: 13, map IGN XXXIV-31 (Annecy-Ugine) UL 71 et Avila (García-París al., 1990); e, (Arntzen, 1979); (Guyétant, 1989); 14, map IGN XXXV-45 (St. Tropez) f, Province of Avila: UTM grid TK 88 (García-París et al., (Guyétant, 1989). Spain: 15, Province of Alicante: Alcoy 1990); g, Province ofToledo: UTM grid UK 03 (García-París et (García-París et al., 1993); 16, Province of Cuenca: Uña al., 1990); h, Province of Madrid: UTM grid UK 99 (García- (García-París, unpublished data); 17, Province of Guadelajara: et París al., 1989); i, Province of Madrid: UTM grid VL 44 Ciruelos (J. Prieto & G. Astudillo, pers. comm., 1990); (García-París et al., 1989); j, Province of Guadalajara: UTM 18, Province of Madrid: UTM grid UK 99 (García-París et al., grid VL 81 (García-París et al., 1990); k, UTM grid VH 75 1989); 19, river Tormes, Sierra de Gredos (Arntzen, 1979). Por- (Pleguezuelos & Moreno, 1990); 1, Province of Toledo: UTM tugal: transect 20-20’ according to Rosa et al. (1990); 21, isolat- UK 42 et Province of Madrid: grid (García-París al., 1990); m, ed occurrence on the Serra de S. Mamede (Rosa et al., 1990). VK & UTM grid 73 (García-París et al., 1990); n, Toledo (Boscá, Morocco: 22, Tleta Ketama (Pasteur & Bons, 1962; Arntzen 1880b); of Jaén: UTM grid o, Province VH 75 (Pleguezuelos & Szymura, 1984; cf. Bons, 1973);23, Merhraoua (Libis, 1985; cf. Moreno, 1990); p, Province of Córdoba: UTM grid UH 40 Bons, 1973); 24, Djebel Tazekka, Taza (Mellado& Mateo, 1992; 1980); Province of Huelva: El Rocío cf. Chefchaouèn (López-Jurado et al., q, Bons, 1973); 25, (García-París, pers. obs., (Collado et al., 1976). 1993; cf. Bons, 1973). - 7 Contributions to Zoology, 65 (I) 1995 phological studies identify A. muletensis and A. Alytes obstetricans: France: Jublains, N = 5 (e, m) ZMA 7642. 8156, N = 5 (m) ZMA 7584, N = 2 (m) ZMA Germany: obstetricans as sister taxa (Clarke, 1984; Crespo et Asturias: Picos Köln, N = 4 (m) MNCN uncatalogued. Spain: al., 1984; Hemmer, 1984; Maxson, 1984; Viertel, de Europa, N = 1 (e) ZMA 8157; Asturias and León: Puerto de 1984). On the other hand, cytogenetic data suggest = San Isidro, N = 7 (e, m) MNCN uncatalogued,N 10 (m); that cisternasii and A. obstetricans are a sister A. N = Navarra: lturen, N = 11 (m) MNCN uncatalogued; Irati, while = 5 MNCN group (Herrero, 1984), some morphological 5 (e, m) MNCN 16778 and uncatalogued,N (m) un- = 16774-79, data ambiguously point to either A. cisternasii or catalogued; Barcelona: Berga, N 5 (e, m) MNCN = MNCN N = 1 (e, m) MNCN 16743-45 and 16760-63, N 3 (m) A. muletensis as the sister taxon of A. obstetricans N = 4 16746-48, N = 10 (m); Barcelona, Universidad Central, exists for (Sanchiz, 1984). No support grouping (m) MNCN 16749-52; Pontevedra: Tuy, N = 6 (e, m) MNCN together A. muletensisand A. cisternasii. 16780 and uncatalogued; Bayona, N = 9 (m); Castellón: to elucidate In the work we (1) = attempt = present Caudiel, N 2(e, m) MNCN uncatalogued; Benicassim, N the phylogenetic relationships of the species in the 2 (e, m) MNCN 16767 and 16773, N = 26 (m). describe variation in Midwife toads from the Betic mountains, Spain, are from: genus Alytes, (2) geographical Albacete: Bienservida, N = 8 (e, m) MNCN 16768-72, MNCN A. obstetricans, the most variable of midwife toad N 1 = 4 16739-41, = (m) MNCN 16742, N (m); Paterna del species, and (3) find readily applicable features in Madera, N = 2 (m) MNCN 16781-82, N = 17 (m); Málaga: external morphology that allow correct identifica- Alcaucín, N = 4 (m) MNCN 16735-38; Canillas de Aceituno, of and As the result of the tion species subspecies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
    (This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Toxicon 60 (2012) 967–981 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions Enrico König a,*, Mei Zhou b, Lei Wang b, Tianbao Chen b, Olaf R.P. Bininda-Emonds a, Chris Shaw b a AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU – Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany b Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK article info abstract Article history: The skin secretions of frogs and toads (Anura) have long been a known source of a vast Received 23 March 2012 abundance of bioactive substances.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Species List Spain
    THREATENED SPECIES LIST SPAIN Threatened species included in the national inventory of the Ministry of MARM and/or in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that are or may be inhabited in the areas of our Hydro Power Stations. 6 CRITIC ENDANGERED SPECIES (CR) GROUP SPECIE COMMON NAME CATEGORY (MARM) (IUCN) Birds Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture CR EN Botaurus stellaris Great Bittern CR LC Mammals Lynx pardinus Iberian Lynx CR CR Ursus arctos Brown Bear CR (Northern Spain) LC Invertebrates Belgrandiella galaica Gastropoda CR No listed Macromia splendens Splendid Cruiser CR VU 24 ENDANGERED SPECIES (EN) GROUP SPECIE COMMON NAME CATEGORY (MARM) (IUCN) Amphibians Rana dalmatina Agile Frog EN LC Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Chough EN LC Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli´s Eagle EN LC Alectoris rufa Barbary Partridge EN LC Parus caeruleus Blue Tit EN LC Tyto alba Barn Owl EN LC Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew EN LC Corvus corax Common Raven EN LC Chersophilus duponti Dupont´s Lark EN NT Milvus milvus Red Kite EN NT Aquila adalberti Spanish Imperial Eagle EN VU Cercotrichas galactotes Alzacola EN LC Reptiles Algyroides marchi Spanish Algyroides EN EN Emys orbicularis European Pond Turtle EN NT Mammals Rhinolophus mehelyi Mehely´s Horseshoe Bat EN VU Mustela lutreola European Mink EN EN Myotis capaccinii Long –Fingered bat EN VU Freshwater fish Salaria fluviatilis Freshwater blenny EN LC Chondrostoma turiense Madrija (Endemic) EN EN Cobitis vettonica Colmilleja del Alagón EN EN (Endemic) Invertebrates Gomphus
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Identification
    Amphibian Identification Common frog Adults 6-7 cm. Smooth skin, which appears moist. Coloration variable, includes brown, yellow and orange. Some females have red markings on lower body. Usually has a dark ‘mask’ marking behind the eye. Breeding male Markings also variable, Grey/pale blue including varying amounts throat. of black spots and stripes. Thick front legs. Dark (nuptial) pad on inner toes of Young froglets look like the front feet. Spawn is laid in gelatinous smaller versions of the clumps. adults. Common toad Adults 5-9 cm. Rough skin. Brown with darker markings. Less commonly, some individuals are very dark, almost black, others are brick-red. Breeding pair Males smaller than females. Breeding males can also be distinguished by dark (nuptial) pads on innermost two toes of the front feet. Toad spawn is laid in gelatinous strings, wrapped around vegetation. Less conspicuous than common frog spawn. Makes small hops rather than jumps of common frog. Toadlets transforming from the Juveniles are tadpole stage are often very dark similar colours in colour. to adults, including brick-red. ARG UK Natterjack toad Strictly protected species, requiring Similar in size and appearance to common toad, a licence to handle but with a pale stripe running along the back. or disturb. This is a rare species, unlikely to be found outside specific dune and heathland habitats. On hatching common frog and toad tadpoles Frog Tadpoles are black. As they develop, common frog tadpoles become mottled with bronze, whereas toad tadpoles remain uniformly dark until the last stages of development. Common frog and toad tadpoles generally complete Toad development in the summer, but development rates are variable; some tadpoles may not transform until later in the year, or they may even remain as tadpoles over winter, becoming much larger than normal.
    [Show full text]
  • Ageing and Growth of the Endangered Midwife Toad Alytes Muletensis
    Vol. 22: 263–268, 2013 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online December 19 doi: 10.3354/esr00551 Endang Species Res Ageing and growth of the endangered midwife toad Alytes muletensis Samuel Pinya1,*, Valentín Pérez-Mellado2 1Herpetological Research and Conservation Centre, Associació per a l’Estudi de la Natura, Balearic Islands, Spain 2Department of Animal Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain ABSTRACT: A better understanding of the demography of endangered amphibians is important for the development of suitable management and recovery plans, and for building population via- bility models. Our work presents, for the first time, growth curves and measurements of mean longevity, growth rates and age at maturity for the Vulnerable midwife toad Alytes muletensis. Von Bertalanffy growth models were used to estimate longevity and growth rate parameters. Females had a mean (±SD) longevity of 4.70 ± 0.19 yr, significantly higher than that of males (3.24 ± 0.10 yr). The maximum estimated longevity was 18 yr for both males and females. The age distribution indicated that males reached sexual maturity at the age of 1 yr, and most females at 2 yr. There were significant differences in growth rate between sexes, with higher values in females during the first 4 yr of life, and similar values in both sexes thereafter. These life-history traits were compared with equivalent measures in the closely related amphibian genera Bombina and Discoglossus. KEY WORDS: Alytes muletensis · Longevity · Growth rate · Age structure · Balearic Islands Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION is a reliable and very useful technique to estimate the age of amphibians and reptiles (Castanet & Smirina Researchers and wildlife managers require basic 1990, Castanet 2002), but this method is invasive and biological information about wildlife populations to not appropriate for endangered species with small understand and monitor their changes over time population sizes, such as A.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Infectious Disease Threats to European Herpetofauna
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Allain, Steven J. R. and Duffus, Amanda L. J. (2019) Emerging infectious disease threats to European herpetofauna. The Herpetological Journal, 29 (4). pp. 189-206. ISSN 0268-0130. DOI https://doi.org/10.33256/hj29.4.189206 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/79365/ Document Version Publisher pdf Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Volume 29 (October 2019), 189-206 Herpetological Journal REVIEW PAPER https://doi.org/10.33256/hj29.4.189206 Published by the British Emerging infectious disease threats to European Herpetological Society herpetofauna Steven J. R. Allain1 & Amanda L. J. Duffus2 1 Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK 2 Department of Natural Sciences, School of Nursing, Health, and Natural Sciences, Gordon State College, Barnesville, Georgia, USA In the past decade, infectious disease threats to European herpetofauna have become better understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Favourable Areas for Co-Occurrence of Parapatric Species
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital.CSIC 1 1 Original Article 2 Favourable areas for co-occurrence of parapatric species: niche 3 conservatism and niche divergence in Iberian tree frogs and midwife 4 toads 1,2,3 1,3 1,4 5 5 Luís Reino *, Mário Ferreira *, Íñigo Martínez-Solano , Pedro Segurado , 6 2 ⌂ 6 Chi Xu and A. Márcia Barbosa 7 1 8 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos 9 Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre 10 Armando Quintas, nº9, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 2 11 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos 12 Genéticos, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal 3 13 CEABN/InBIO-Centro de Ecologia Aplicada ‘Prof. Baeta Neves’, Instituto 14 Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 15 Lisboa, Portugal 4 16 Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Estación Biológica de Doñana – 17 CSIC, c/ Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain 5 18 Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade 19 de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 6 20 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China 21 22 * These authors contributed equally to this work (joint first authors). 23 ⌂ 24 Correspondence author. Address: CIBIO/InBIO – Universidade de Évora, 25 7004-516 Évora, Portugal. e-mail: [email protected] 2 26 27 Running head: Modelling co-occurrence in parapatric species 28 Word count: 271 (abstract); 6641 (whole document) 29 Estimated nr. pages for figures and tables: 4 3 30 ABSTRACT 31 Aim: The study of areas of sympatry of species with predominantly parapatric 32 distributions can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history and the 33 factors shaping patterns of species co-occurrence.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Patterns in Changing Mediterranean Landscapes: a Modelling Perspective
    Biodiversity Patterns in Changing Mediterranean Landscapes: A Modelling Perspective Dan Peter Omolo March, 2006 Biodiversity Patterns in Changing Mediterranean Landscapes: A Modelling Perspective by Dan Peter Omolo Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Specialisation: (Geoinformation Science for Environmental Modelling and Management) Thesis Assessment Board Chairman: Prof. Andrew Skidmore, ITC External Examiner: Prof. Petter Pilesjö, Lunds Universitet, Sweden First Supervisor: Dr. Bert Toxopeus, ITC Second Supervisor: Dr. Fabio C orsi, ITC Course Director: Andre Kooiman, ITC International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo- information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. I certify that although I have conferred with others in preparing for this assignment, and drawn upon a range of sources cited in this work, the content of this thesis report is my original work. Dan P. Omolo “It is not the strongest of the species, or the most intelligent, that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change”. Charles Darwin (I809 – 1882). Dedicated to my loving parents, Jack and Esther Omolo My eternal gratitude for your love, care and support. Abstract Understanding biodiversity patterns and processes through predictive modelling of potential species distributions remains at the vanguard of modern-day conservation strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Zone Genomics Supports Candidate Species in Iberian Alytes Obstetricans
    Amphibia-Reptilia 41 (2020): 105-112 brill.com/amre Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans Christophe Dufresnes1,∗, Íñigo Martínez-Solano2 Abstract. While estimates of genetic divergence are increasingly used in molecular taxonomy, hybrid zone analyses can provide decisive evidence for evaluating candidate species. Applying a population genomic approach (RAD-sequencing) to a fine-scale transect sampling, we analyzed the transition between two Iberian subspecies of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans almogavarii and A. o. pertinax) in Catalonia (northeastern Spain), which putatively diverged since the Plio-Pleistocene. Their hybrid zone was remarkably narrow, with extensive admixture restricted to a single locality (close to Tarragona), and congruent allele frequency clines for the mitochondrial (13 km wide) and the average nuclear genomes (16 km wide). We also fitted clines independently for 89 taxon-diagnostic SNPs: most of them behave like the nuclear background, but a subset (13%) is completely impermeable to gene flow and might be linked to barrier loci involved in hybrid incompatibilities. Assuming that midwife toads are able to disperse in the area of contact, we conclude that these taxa experience partial reproductive isolation and represent incipient species, i.e. Alytes almogavarii and Alytes obstetricans. Interestingly, their evolutionary age and mitochondrial divergence fall below the thresholds proposed in molecular systematics studies, emphasizing the difficulty of predicting the
    [Show full text]
  • Bosch.Et.Al.2013.Ecohealth.Pdf
    EcoHealth 10, 82–89, 2013 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-013-0828-4 Ó 2013 International Association for Ecology and Health Original Contribution Evidence for the Introduction of Lethal Chytridiomycosis Affecting Wild Betic Midwife Toads (Alytes dickhilleni) Jaime Bosch,1 David Garcı´a-Alonso,2 Saioa Ferna´ndez-Beaskoetxea,1 Matthew C. Fisher,3 and Trenton W. J. Garner4 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain 2Bioparc Fuengirola, Camilo Jose´ Cela 6, Fuengirola, 29640 Malaga, Spain 3Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK 4Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Abstract: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is an unpredictable pathogen for European amphibian species, and existing field surveillance studies likely underestimate the scope of its distribution and effects. Mass mortality episodes recorded in Europe indicate that investigations of unstudied species should focus on members of the frog family Alytidae. Here, we report the combined results of a field survey and laboratory observations of field collected Alytes dickhilleni. Our data support the hypothesis that B. dendrobatidis has recently emerged in at least two disjunct locations in the species range and populations across much of the species range lack evidence of infection pathogen. Tadpoles taken into the laboratory from sites with infection experienced 70% mortality, unlike those taken into the laboratory from uninfected sites, and both infection and strength of infection was associated with mortality in animals collected from infected locations. Several conservation interventions are underway in response to our study, including the establishment of a captive assurance colony, a public awareness campaign, and experimental tests of disease mitigation schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Species List of the European Herpetofauna – 2020 Update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologi
    Amphibia-Reptilia 41 (2020): 139-189 brill.com/amre Review Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica Jeroen Speybroeck1,∗, Wouter Beukema2, Christophe Dufresnes3, Uwe Fritz4, Daniel Jablonski5, Petros Lymberakis6, Iñigo Martínez-Solano7, Edoardo Razzetti8, Melita Vamberger4, Miguel Vences9, Judit Vörös10, Pierre-André Crochet11 Abstract. The last species list of the European herpetofauna was published by Speybroeck, Beukema and Crochet (2010). In the meantime, ongoing research led to numerous taxonomic changes, including the discovery of new species-level lineages as well as reclassifications at genus level, requiring significant changes to this list. As of 2019, a new Taxonomic Committee was established as an official entity within the European Herpetological Society, Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). Twelve members from nine European countries reviewed, discussed and voted on recent taxonomic research on a case-by-case basis. Accepted changes led to critical compilation of a new species list, which is hereby presented and discussed. According to our list, 301 species (95 amphibians, 15 chelonians, including six species of sea turtles, and 191 squamates) occur within our expanded geographical definition of Europe. The list includes 14 non-native species (three amphibians, one chelonian, and ten squamates). Keywords: Amphibia, amphibians, Europe, reptiles, Reptilia, taxonomy, updated species list. Introduction 1 - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Havenlaan 88 Speybroeck, Beukema and Crochet (2010) bus 73, 1000 Brussel, Belgium (SBC2010, hereafter) provided an annotated 2 - Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, species list for the European amphibians and Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium non-avian reptiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Aliens Newsletter Issue No
    Aliens: The Invasive Species Bulletin Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSN 1173-5988 Issue Number 30, 2010 Coordinator CONTENTS Piero Genovesi, ISSG Chair, ISPRA Editors Piero Genovesi and Riccardo Scalera Editorial pg. 1 Assistant Editor News from the ISSG pg. 2 Anna Alonzi ...And other news pg. 6 Front Cover Photo Invasive bird eradication Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), from tropical oceanic islands pg. 12 threatened by feral cats in Guadalupe Island, The conservation and restoration México. © Photo by José Antonio Soriano/ Conser- of the Mexican islands: vación de Islas a programmatic approach and the systematic eradication The following people contributed of invasive mammals pg. 20 to this issue Shyama Pagad, Carola Warner Management of invasive tree species in Galápagos: pitfalls of measuring restoration success pg. 28 The status of the Indo-Pacific The newsletter is produced twice a year and is available in English. To be added to the Red Lionfish (Pterois volitans) mailing list, or to download the electronic in Andros Island in 2007 pg. 33 version, visit: Booming research on biological www.issg.org/newsletter.html#Aliens invasions in China pg. 41 Please direct all submissions and other ed- Snapshot on introduced invasives itorial correspondence to Riccardo Scalera in a desertic country, [email protected] the United Arab Emirates pg. 49 Workshop on Invasive Alien Plants Published by in Mediterranean-type Regions pg. 52 ISPRA - Rome, Italy Graphics design Time for chytridiomycosis Franco Iozzoli, ISPRA mitigation in Spain pg. 54 Coordination The management of Raccoon Daria Mazzella, ISPRA - Publishing Section Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Administration in Scandinavia pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Coqui News Committee Work Notification Online at March 3-7
    Kauai Invasive Species Coqui News Committee Work Notification Online at www.hear.org/kisc/coqui_news March 3-7 POSTED: Work update at Lawai infestation site Friday, February 29, 2008 Upcoming control work is section 16 was not. In this issue: is scheduled to continue This week the crew will be using the week of March 3, 2008. herbicide in sections 17 through Crews will be arriving in the 22 to control re-growth of vege- Work Update 1 afternoon and working until tation. around 9:30 pm. Management 1 Surveying will focused on the Field crew work is sched- Unit Map intake side of the site (sections uled for Monday and Tues- 17-22) where several frogs have day, March 3 and 4. been heard calling and will use Contact Phone 1 Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog This past week the crew citric acid in this area. applied lime in section 2 as a The crew is also busy following Tidbit 1 ground drench. They also up on a reported coqui frog in sprayed citric acid in section Kalaheo. We will let everyone Fewer Leaves Could be 18 where they heard a calling 2 know if we can confirm and/or Behind Frog Decline frog. eliminate this coqui! Following up on reports from Giant Newt, Tiny Frog 2 neighbors, the crew captured Identified Most At Risk two calling frogs in section 17. Report coqui frogs! No frogs were heard else- Links 2 where at the site. 643-PEST The frog in the cage in sec- tion 5 was calling but the one Coqui Frog Contact Phone Numbers: = KISC: 246-0684 Management Area Map (from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm) = Crew Supervisor: The map to the 651-8781 left shows the entire infestation = Hawaii Department of area.
    [Show full text]