DOCSLIB.ORG

Pour Une Réflexion Sur Les Modes De Fixation Des Redevances Forestières Cas De La Redevance À La Collecte Des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux De La Région Analamanga

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pour Une Réflexion Sur Les Modes De Fixation Des Redevances Forestières Cas De La Redevance À La Collecte Des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux De La Région Analamanga UNIVERSITÉ D’ANTANANARIVO ÉCOLE SUPÉRIEURE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES DÉPARTEMENT DES EAUX ET FORÊTS Mémoire de fin d’études pour l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur en Sciences Agronomiques option Eaux et Forêts Promotion HINA Année : 2009-2014 Pour une réflexion sur les modes de fixation des redevances forestières Cas de la redevance à la collecte des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux de la Région Analamanga Présenté par RAZAFIMAHALEO Soloniaina Fiononantsoa Soutenu le 30 Mai 2014 Devant le membre du jury composé de : Président du jury : Professeur RAMAMONJISOA Bruno Tuteur : Docteur RABEMANANJARA Zo Hasina Examinateurs : Monsieur RABESANDRATANA Andriatahiry Monsieur RAKOTOSON Sitraka UNIVERSITÉ D’ANTANANARIVO ÉCOLE SUPÉRIEURE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES DÉPARTEMENT DES EAUX ET FORÊTS Mémoire de fin d’études pour l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur en Sciences Agronomiques option Eaux et Forêts Promotion HINA Année : 2009-2014 Pour une réflexion sur les modes de fixation des redevances forestières Cas de la redevance à la collecte des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux de la Région Analamanga Présenté par RAZAFIMAHALEO Soloniaina Fiononantsoa Soutenu le 30 Mai 2014 Devant le membre du jury composé de : Président du jury : Professeur RAMAMONJISOA Bruno Tuteur : Docteur RABEMANANJARA Zo Hasina Examinateurs : Monsieur RABESANDRATANA Andriatahiry Monsieur RAKOTOSON Sitraka À mon père, à ma mère, en guise de reconnaissance pour le soutien qu’ils ont témoigné dans tout ce que j’ai entrepris ; À tous ceux qui veulent changer les choses pour développer son entourage, sa région, sa nation et agir en conséquence. Sachons que mieux vaut agir que subir ! « Ny hevitrao anio no zava-misy rahampitso » « À quoi vous penser aujourd’hui sera ce qui arrivera demain » Devise de la FJKM Zoara Fanantenana Ambohipo Remerciements « Confie-toi en l'Éternel de tout ton cœur, et ne t'appuie pas sur ta sagesse » (Proverbes 3 : 5), « Ne crains rien, car je suis avec toi, ne promène pas des regards inquiets, car je suis ton Dieu; Je te fortifie, Je viens à ton secours, Je te soutiens de ma droite triomphante. » (Isaïe 41 : 10), telles étaient principalement les phrases qui m’ont encouragée face à de nombreuses difficultés rencontrées le long de la conception et de l’élaboration de ce mémoire. Réalisé, ce travail témoigne à quel point Dieu est fidèle, à quel point Il m’est miséricordieux. Je Lui rends grâce pour tout ! A Lui seul soit la gloire et la majesté. Il m’est inconcevable de ne pas adresser mes sincères remerciements à toutes les personnes qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à la réalisation de ce mémoire. Ma reconnaissance et ma profonde gratitude vont à l’endroit de tous les membres du jury pour le grand honneur qu’ils ont accepté de juger et d’évaluer ce travail : - À Monsieur RAMAMONJISOA Bruno, Professeur d’Enseignement Supérieur et de Recherche, Chef du Département des Eaux et Forêts, qui a bien voulu m’autoriser à soutenir et a accepté de présider les membres du jury. • À Monsieur RABEMANANJARA Zo, Docteur et Enseignant – Chercheur au sein du Département des Eaux et Forêts, qui, malgré ses lourdes responsabilités, n’a ménagé ni son temps ni ses moyens pour encadrer ce travail et ce, avec beaucoup d’amabilité et de compréhension. • À Monsieur RABESANDRATANA Andriatahiry, Chef du Service Régional des Forêts (SRF) au sein de la Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et des Forêts (DREF) d’Analamanga, qui a fourni de précieuses directives pour bien orienter la recherche et a facilité les relations avec les responsables des entreprises et de l’administration forestière. • À Monsieur RAKOTOSON Sitraka, Enseignant au sein du Département des Eaux et Forêts, qui a aimablement accepté de siéger parmi les membres du jury pour évaluer ce travail et pour apporter des critiques constructives y relatives. Ensuite, ma reconnaissance va à toutes les personnes qui ont donné leurs appuis, instructions et précieux conseils tout au long de ce travail : • À Monsieur ANDRIAMANALINA Roger Luc, ex-Chef du Service des Bases de données au sein de la Direction Générale des Forêts, actuellement Directeur du Contrôle forestier et de l’Amélioration de l’Intégrité ; • À Monsieur Haja de la Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, du Ministère chargé des forêts • Aux responsables des entreprises travaillant dans la filière Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux, qui ont bien voulu répondre à nos questionnaires. Mes vifs remerciements à tous les enseignants et les corps administratifs au niveau de l’École Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, spécialement ceux du Département des Eaux et Forêts, qui se sont voués à transmettre leurs connaissances et leurs expériences et à veiller au bon déroulement de la formation ; Toute ma gratitude envers ma famille, particulièrement à ma mère, à mon père, à ma sœur Nandrianina, à mon frère Herilala et à ma tante Dimbiniaina, qui n’ont pas cessé de m’encourager et de me soutenir tout au long de mes années d’études. Un grand merci également à mes proches et à mes amis qui m’ont soutenu moralement et m’ont donné conseils, particulièrement Rova qui m’a encouragée à surmonter toutes les épreuves difficiles lors de l’élaboration de ce mémoire ! Je ne saurais terminer sans remercier tous ceux qui ont contribué, de près ou de loin, à l’élaboration de ce travail ! Merci ! Soyez bénis par le Seigneur Tout Puissant ! Ony Résumé Pour faire face à la dégradation des ressources naturelles dont les ressources forestières, des politiques ont été élaborées par l’État malgache. L’élaboration, la mise en œuvre et le suivi de telles politiques sont la responsabilité du Ministère chargé des Forêts. Pourtant, ce dernier n’en a pas les ressources (financière, matérielle et hymaine) suffisantes, il est obligé de solliciter des aides émanant de l’étranger. Or, l’État malgache a prévu de mettre en place des fonds forestiers (nationaux, régionaux) alimentés notamment par les taxes forestiers, pour servir de fonds au secteur forestier. Le financement national de ce secteur pourrait, de ce fait, être amélioré avec une fiscalité forestière bien gérée et bien maîtrisée. La présente étude a pour objectif de voir sur quelles bases pourront être fixé les redevances forestières pour améliorer les recettes fiscales. Seront pris le cas des redevances à la collecte des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux-flore. L’étude prend en compte quatre produits : résine de Canarium madagascariense (Ramy), feuilles de Cinnamomum camphora (Ravintsara), feuilles de Centella asiatica (Talapetraka) et bulbes d’ Aponogeton ulvaceus (Ovirandrana). Deux bases de fixation sont avancées : une fixation basée sur le coût de remplacement et/ou d’entretien des espèces-ressources, elle déterminera le seuil minimal des redevances et une fixation basée sur la marge bénéficiaire des exploitants, elle en définira le seuil maximal. Sur les produits cités précédemment, l’administration forestière prélève respectivement 1.500 Ar/kg, 200 Ar/kg, 150 Ar/kg et 10 Ar/bulbe lors de la collecte. Si, ces redevances sont formulées en fonction du coût de remplacement et d’entretien, ces redevances deviennent respectivement 0 Ar/kg, 90 Ar/kg, 217 Ar/kg et 22,5 Ar/bulbe. Par contre, si elles sont fixées suivant les marges bénéficiaires minimales tolérées par les exploitants, elles sont respectivement 109.250 Ar/kg, 11.000 Ar/kg, 3.876,12 Ar/kg et 360 Ar/bulbe. Vu ces résultats, il n’est pas toujours intéressant de fixer les redevances à la collecte par rapport aux coûts de renouvellement des espèces-ressources, les redevances sont faibles pour Ramy et pour Ravintsara. Par contre, l’utilisation de la deuxième méthode est intéressante, elle servira à connaître les redevances maximales lesquelles les exploitants pourront accepter de payer. Mots clés : redevances forestières, fiscalité forestière, fonds forestiers, produits forestiers non ligneux, Analamanga Famintinana Mba hiatrehana ny fahapotehan’ny harena voajanahary, anisan’izany ny harena anaty ala, dia nanamboatra politika ny fanjakana Malagasy. Ny Ministera misahana ny ala no miandraikitra ny fanamboarana, ny fampiharana ary ny fanarahana akaiky ireo politika ireo. Io ministera io anefa dia tsy manana ny hoenti-manana (ara-bola, ara-pitaovana) anatanterahana izany, fa tsy maintsy mangataka sy miandry ny fanampiana avy any ivelany. Fantatra anefa fa misy ny tahirim-bola ho an’ny ala (eo amin’ny sehatra nasionaly sy ny fivondronanana) izay voavatsin’ny hetra, io tahirim- bola io dia napetraka mba hamatsy vola ny sehatry ny ala. Ny famatsian’ny fanjakana Malagasy io sehatry io izany dia afaka hatsaraina amin’ny alalan’ny fanatsarana ny fakana haba amin’ny vokatry ny ala. Ny tanjon’ito fikarohana ito dia ny hahafantarana ny fototra entina hamaritanana ny haba tokony halaina amin’ny fitrandrahana ny ala mba hanatsarana ny vola miditra amin’ny fanjakana. Noraisina ohatra tamin’izany ny haba halaina mandritry ny fanangonana ny vokatry ny ala ankoatry ny hazo. Vokatry ny ala efatra no sahanin’ity fikarohana ity: ny dintin’ny Canarium madagascariense (Ramy), ny ravin’ny Cinnamomum camphora (Ravintsara), ny ravin’ny Centella asiatica (Talapetraka) ary ny vodin’ny Aponogeton ulvaceus (Ovirandrana). Fototra karazany roa no napetraka hamaritana ny haba: fotrotra mifandray amin’ny vola lany amin’ny fambolena sy/na ny fikolokoloana ny “espèce-ressource”, io no hamaritra ny tahan’ny haba ambany indrindra tokony halaina ; sy ny fototra miainga amin’ny tombony azon’ny mpitrandraka ireo vokatra ireo, io no hamaritra ny tahan’ny haba lafo indrindra azo alaina. Maka vola 1.500 Ariary/kilao, 200 Ar/kilao, 150 Ar/kilao ary 10 Ar/vodiny amin’ireo vokatra tsirairay voatanisa ery ambony ery ireo ny fanjakana mandritry ny fanangonana azy. Raha ohatra faritana amin’ny alalan’ny vola lany amin’ny fambolena sy fikarakarana ireo haba ireo, dia manome toy izao: 0 Ar/kilao, 90 Ar/kilao, 217 Ar/kilao ary 22,5 Ar/kilao. Raha ohatra kosa faritana arakaraky ny tombony azo, dia lasa toy izao: 109.250 Ar/kilao, 11.000 Ar/kilao, 3.876,12 Ar/kilao ary 360 Ar/vodiny.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EVENT! NEWSLETTER EXCHANGE KWAS to The
    The Official Newsletter of the Ottawa Valley Aquarium Society Currents BIOLOGICAL APPROACHto AQUASCAPING EARTH DAY EVENT! NEWSLETTER EXCHANGE KWAS to the RESCUE! ...and MORE! Pictures CLUB of the year! NEWS JAN-FEB 2012 “Patrick S” OVAS FORUM PICTURE OF THE YEAR IT’S A 3-WAY TIE! “jojo621” “Chubs” 2 Ottawa Valley Aquarium Society • OVAS.CA “Patrick S” THE FIRST SPLASH appy New Year to all OVASians! I wish you all Ha very successful and fun-filled year in your aquaristic endeavours! For those of you thinking of becoming an OVAS club member, January is good time to join. Membership prices are discounted as we approach the half-way mark of the 2011-12 season. There are still many events to enjoy: our monthly meetings, the annual Giant Auction, our first ever Earth Day Event, and the end-of-year pig roast. We look forward to seeing newcomers take part in our live community of aquarium and pond enthusiasts! The first issue of the year hasn’t quite turned out as I had planned. My work and home schedule have been pretty hectic these past weeks, so I wasn’t able to finish two of our regular columns: “Meet the OVASians” and “Getting to know... (one of our sponsors)”. My apologies – I will make up for it in March! However, we have a great contribution from Joe Schwartz, our club’s Vice President. He has provided us with a well documented and informative article entitled “Biological Approach to Aquascaping”. The picture that graces the cover is of Joe’s 180 gallon planted tank.
    [Show full text]
  • FOTAS Fish Tales 05.4
    In this issue: 3 The Future of the Fed- eration of Texas Aquarium Societies Greg Steeves 8 FOTAS BAP 17 FOTAS HAP 24 FOTAS CARES Greg Steeves 25 Spawning the Buffalo- Volume 5 Issue 4 head Cichlid The FOTAS Fish Tales is a quarterly publication of the Federation of Texas Duc Nguyen Aquarium Societies a non-profit organization. The views and opinions contained within are not necessarily those of the editors and/or the officers 27 GloFish, Love them or and members of the Federation of Texas Aquarium Societies. Hate them, They are here to stay! FOTAS Fish Tales Editor: Gerald Griffin [email protected] Gerald Griffin Fish Tales Submission Guidelines 31 What the Heck is an ESU? Articles: Leslie Dick Please submit all articles in electronic form. We can accept most popular software formats and fonts. Email to [email protected]. Photos and 35 Spawning Julido- graphics are encouraged with your articles! Please remember to include the photo/graphic credits. Graphics and photo files may be submitted in chromis dickfieldi any format, however uncompressed TIFF, JPEG or vector format is pre- Gerald Griffin ferred, at the highest resolution/file size possible. If you need help with graphics files or your file is too large to email, please contact me for alterna- 37 Meet the San Antonio tive submission info. Aquatic Plant Club Art Submission: Chris Lewis Graphics and photo files may be submitted in any format. However, uncom- pressed TIFF, JPEG or vector formats are preferred. Please submit the 39 Participating in the FO- highest resolution possible. TAS BAP and HAP Next deadline…… Gerald Griffin January 15th 2016 On the Cover: COPYRIGHT NOTICE GloFish - Photos by York- All Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations Into the Potential of Plant Tissue Culture for the Development of Diesel-Resistant Petunia Grandiflora Juss
    Investigations into the potential of plant tissue culture for the development of diesel-resistant Petunia grandiflora Juss. mix F1 and Marigold-Nemo mix (Tagetes patula L.) plants A thesis submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology at the University of Canterbury by Solomon Peter Wante 2019 ABSTRACT Anthropogenic use of petroleum hydrocarbons has contributed to the toxic cocktails of pollutants that could threaten the sustainability of biodiversity on the Earth. For example, there are many studies showing the toxic effects of diesel on humans and plants. Considering that plants can provide many beneficial services to the ecosystem, it would be a worthwhile contribution if diesel-resistant plants could be identified from germplasm screening or be developed with the aid of plant biotechnology such as plant tissue culture. In particular, if diesel-resistant non-food plants such as ornamental plants could be developed, the resistant plants might be deployed to add economic value to the land contaminated with diesel. With the long-term goal of producing plants that can be used in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated land, the present project was initiated to investigate the possibility of using plant tissue culture techniques to generate diesel-resistant Petunia grandiflora (petunia) and Tagetes patula (marigold). There was no prior study on the effect of diesel on petunia and marigold, and therefore, the present work began investigating the relative sensitivity of petunia and marigold seeds and seedlings to water contaminated with 0–4% diesel in Petri dishes under controlled laboratory conditions. Generally, in the presence of 0.5% to 4% diesel, there was a delay in the speed of seed germination of both marigold and petunia.
    [Show full text]
  • Aponogeton Pollen from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of North America and West Greenland: Implications for the Origin and Palaeobiogeography of the Genus☆
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 200 (2014) 161–187 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Research paper Aponogeton pollen from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of North America and West Greenland: Implications for the origin and palaeobiogeography of the genus☆ Friðgeir Grímsson a,⁎, Reinhard Zetter a, Heidemarie Halbritter b, Guido W. Grimm c a University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), Vienna, Austria b University of Vienna, Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria c Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden article info abstract Article history: The fossil record of Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae) is scarce and the few reported macrofossil findings are in Received 15 January 2013 need of taxonomic revision. Aponogeton pollen is highly diagnostic and when studied with light microscopy Received in revised form 4 September 2013 (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it cannot be confused with any other pollen types. The fossil Accepted 22 September 2013 Aponogeton pollen described here represent the first reliable Cretaceous and Eocene records of this genus world- Available online 3 October 2013 wide. Today, Aponogeton is confined to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, but the new fossil records show that during the late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic it was thriving in North America and Greenland. The Keywords: Alismatales late Cretaceous pollen record provides important data for future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies Aponogetonaceae focusing on basal monocots, especially the Alismatales. The Eocene pollen morphotypes from North America aquatic plant and Greenland differ in morphology from each other and also from the older Late Cretaceous North American early angiosperm pollen morphotype, indicating evolutionary trends and diversification within the genus over that time period.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Mengenal Tanaman Hias 06092019 Ok.Cdr
    P-ISBN : 978-602-5791-64-2 E-ISBN : 978-602-5791-65-9 TANAMAN HIAS AIR TAWAR MANFAAT UNTUK PERAIRAN, PERBANYAKAN KONVENSIONAL DAN IN-VITRO Tanaman Hias Air Tawar Manfaat Untuk Perairan, Perbanyakan Konvensional dan In-Vitro Media Fitri Isma Nugraha Muhammad Yamin Rossa Yunita Endang Gati Lestari TANAMAN HIAS AIR TAWAR MANFAAT UNTUK PERAIRAN, PERBANYAKAN KONVENSIONAL DAN IN-VITRO Penulis: Media Fitri Isma Nugraha Muhammad Yamin Rossa Yunita Endang Gati Lestari Editor : Prof. Dr. Rudy Gustiano, M.Sc Anang Hari Kristanto, PhD Yadi Suryadi. MSc Perancang Sampul: Fauzia Fitriana Jumlah halaman : Xi + 114 halaman Tata Letak : Endah Susiyanti Danio Israhadi Fortrana Edisi: Cetakan pertama, 2018 Diterbitkan oleh: AMAFRAD Press Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan Gedung Mina Bahari III, Lantai 6, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No.16, Jakarta Pusat 10110. Telp. (021) 3513300, Fax (021) 3513287 Email: [email protected] NO Anggota IKAPI: 501/DKI/2014 @2018 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang Diperbolehkan mengutip sebagian atau seluruh isi buku dengan mencantumkan sumber referensi TANAMAN HIAS AIR TAWAR MANFAAT UNTUK PERAIRAN, PERBANYAKAN KONVENSIONAL DAN IN-VITRO Dilarang memproduksi atau memperbanyak seluruh atau sebagian dari buku ini dalam bentuk atau cara apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. © Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh Undang-undang No.28 Tahun 2014 All Rights Reserved KATA SAMBUTAN Kami menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi biota air tawar yang tinggi seperti ikan hias mempunyai potensi dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Tidak hanya ikan di perairan tawar akan tanaman hias air di perairan tawar pun memiliki potensi yang strategis yang harus segera di gali dan dikembangkan.
    [Show full text]
  • THE STATUS and DISTRIBUTION of Freshwater Biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot
    THE THE STATUs aNd dISTRIBUtION OF STAT U Freshwater biodIversIty in MadagasCar s a N aNd the INdIaN OCeaN IslaNds hOtspOt d d I STR Edited by Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer and William Darwall IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme IBU t ION OF F OF ION RESHWATER N ds a BIO I N d I ar ar VERS d C N I TY IN IN sla Madagas I N C ar a ar N ea d the I the d d the I the d C N N d Madagas a O I a N O C ea N I sla N IUCN h ds Rue Mauverney 28 CH-1196 Gland O Switzerland tsp Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0015 O www.iucn.org/redlist t the IUCN red list of threatened speciestM www.iucnredlist.org THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF freshwater biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands hotspot Edited by Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer and William Darwall IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, or other participating organisations. This publication has been made possible by funding from The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Published by: IUCN Cambridge, UK in collaboration with IUCN Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2018 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • FAAS Publication Awards Form
    2010 FAAS Publication Awards | Please follow Reprint Policy Clear Changing Fields Print Form FAAS Publication Awards Form Author Christel Kasselmann Society (NO Abbreviations) Aquatic Gardeners Association, Inc. Age Category 24. Best Traveling Aquarist Article Choose . (Junior Only) Date of Publication November 2010 Title of Publication (NO Abbreviations) The Aquatic Gardener Madagascar: The El Dorado for Aquatic Gardeners Title of Article Enter your official Original articles that appear in The Aquatic Gardener (TAG) may be reproduced in print (paper) media by non-commercial organizations (unless specifically Reprint Policy reprint policy for your stated otherwise) provided that proper credit is given to the author and to The publication. Aquatic Gardener, and that at least one copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to TAG's editor at the time of publication. Credit to TAG asWhere the shouldoriginal we source send award must certificates? appear at the endAddress of the per article,your Reprint as follows: Policy above: "Reprinted with permission from The Aquatic Gardener, the Journal of the Address Information Aquatic Gardeners Association. Any person interested in the Aquatic Gardeners Award certificates should all go to the same address. Association is invited to apply to AGA Membership, PO Box 51536, Denton TX 76206 USA" Any other republication or duplication of the original articles or graphics must first OK to type in your Signature receive permission from TAG's editor or the article author. signature & initials. In this area I saw many stretches Madagascar of temporary standing water in which The El Dorado for Aquatic Gardeners blooming Nymphaea capensis grew Christel Kasselmann.
    [Show full text]
  • Novelties of the Flowering Plant Pollen Tube Underlie Diversification of a Key Life History Stage
    Novelties of the flowering plant pollen tube underlie diversification of a key life history stage Joseph H. Williams* Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 Edited by Peter R. Crane, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved June 2, 2008 (received for review January 3, 2008) The origin and rapid diversification of flowering plants has puzzled angiosperm lineages. Thus, I performed hand pollinations and evolutionary biologists, dating back to Charles Darwin. Since that timed collections on representatives of three such lineages in the time a number of key life history and morphological traits have field [Amborella trichopoda, Nuphar polysepala, and Aus- been proposed as developmental correlates of the extraordinary trobaileya scandens; see supporting information (SI) Text, Meth- diversity and ecological success of angiosperms. Here, I identify ods for Pollination Studies]. several innovations that were fundamental to the evolutionary Each of these species has an extremely short fertilization lability of angiosperm reproduction, and hence to their diversifi- interval—pollen germinates in Ͻ2 h, a pollen tube grows to an cation. In gymnosperms pollen reception must be near the egg ovule in Ϸ18 h, and to an egg in 24 h (Table 1). The window for largely because sperm swim or are transported by pollen tubes that fertilization must be short because the egg cell is already present grow at very slow rates (< Ϸ20 ␮m/h). In contrast, pollen tube at the time of pollination (Table 1) and this is also the case for growth rates of taxa in ancient angiosperm lineages (Amborella, species within a much larger group of early-divergent lineages Nuphar, and Austrobaileya) range from Ϸ80 to 600 ␮m/h.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Aquatic Plants and the Aquarium and Ornamental Pond Industries Shakira Stephanie Elaine Azan
    Ryerson University Digital Commons @ Ryerson Theses and dissertations 1-1-2011 Invasive aquatic plants and the aquarium and ornamental pond industries Shakira Stephanie Elaine Azan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ryerson.ca/dissertations Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Azan, Shakira Stephanie Elaine, "Invasive aquatic plants and the aquarium and ornamental pond industries" (2011). Theses and dissertations. Paper 818. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Ryerson. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ryerson. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANTS AND THE AQUARIUM AND ORNAMENTAL POND INDUSTRIES by Shakira Stephanie Elaine Azan Master of Philosophy, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica, 2002 Bachelor of Science (Hons.), University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica, 1997 A thesis presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in the Program of Environmental Applied Science and Management Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2011 ©Shakira Azan 2011 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. ........................................................................................ I further authorize
    [Show full text]
  • EIAA HAP Classifications and Banned Plants
    EIAA HAP Classifications and Banned Plants This list contains an alphabetic listing by Genus and species. Follow across to determine the classification for vegetative reproduction. The list also contains the information on which species are banned from the HAP, due to listing on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). There are also notes indicated which show on the last page of the listing which will help explain status and identification. Following the vegetative classifications are the point value information for flowering and sexual reproduction. Classification points are as follows: Class A = 5, B = 10, C = 15, D = 20. Class E and F are awarded according to the schedule under the classification explanations following the species list. Scientific Name (Binomial) Common Name Class Notes Aldrovanda vesiculosa D Alternanthera reineckii C Note 2 Alternanthera sessilis BANNED Alternanthera sp. (other) C Note 2 Alisma plantago Water Plantain A Ambulia sp. B Anubias barteri v nana Anubias Nana C Note 4 Anubias barteri v nana 'petite' Anubias Nana Petite C Note 4 Anubias sp. (other) C Note 2 & 4 Aponogeton boivianus D Note 3 Aponogeton capuronii D Note 3 Aponogeton crispus C Note 3 Aponogeton x hybridus C Note 3 Aponogeton longiplumulosus D Note 3 Aponogeton madagascarlensis Madagascar Lace D Note 3 Aponogeton rigidifolius C Note 3 Aponogeton ulvaceus C Note 3 Aponogeton undulatus C Note 3 Aponogeton sp. (other) C Notes 2 & 3 Azolla sp. A Bacopa sp. B Cabomba caroliniana B Cabomba sp. (other) B Note 2 Calla palustris Water Arum A Cardamine sp. B Caulerpa mexicana B Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort A Ceratophyllum sp.
    [Show full text]
  • October 11, 2016 London Aquaria Society Big Surprise Hello Everyone
    Volume 60, Issue 5 October 11, 2016 London Aquaria Society Big Surprise www.londonaquariasociety.com Hello everyone. As for our Speaker at this meeting, Leanne says that she will be keeping this a secret. I can’t wait to find out who it is, so, come on out and let’s see what the secret is. THE SHARK’S PURSE Download Audio Version www.nmfs.noaa.gov/rss/podcasts/weirdfins/sharkspurse.htm Howdy, Weird Gramma here with “WeirdFins,” all about strange stuff in the sea, and brought to you by the National Oce- anic and Atmospheric Administration. Now, Kristin, in La Cañada, California, asks if it’s true that some sharks carry purses. Well, yes, but maybe not like you’re thinking. The sharks are “horn sharks” and the “purses” are really their egg cases being carried in the mother’s mouth. Egg cases are laid by some kinds of sharks, and most skates and stingrays. After the pups hatch out, egg cases sometimes wash up on the shore and beachcombers call them “mermaids’ purses.” Most egg cases have points or long, curlicue strings that attach to seaweed. But horn shark egg cases are big corkscrews, and unlike other sharks, the mother horn shark does a little parental care. She carries each egg case in her mouth while it’s still soft, looking for rocks to protect it until the pup hatches 8 or 9 months later. When she finds a good spot, she sort of screws the egg case into the rocky crevice, and when it hardens, most predators can’t get to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonindigenous Aquatic and Selected Terrestrial Species of Florida
    Nonindigenous Aquatic and Selected Terrestrial Species of Florida Status, Pathway and Time of Introduction, Present Distribution, and Significant Ecological and Economic Effects James A. McCann LoriN. Arkin James D. Williams National Biological Service Southeastern Biological Science Center 7920 N.W. 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 1 United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL StlRVE:~ SERVICE November 28, 1995 MEMORANDUM To: Victor Ramey, IFAS, University of Florida From: Center Director, SBSC Subject: Publication of McCann report on Aquatic Nonindigenous Species of Florida Dr. McCann has prepared a very good compilation of information on aquatic nonindigenous species of Florida. The Florida report has gone through an in house peer review process for publication. Due to budget cuts we will not be able to publish it in house. Anyone who can publish this is free to do so. Contents Preface ......... ~........................................ ...... ............. 4 Abstract ..................................................................... 5 Definitions of Terms ............................. .... ....................... 7 Introductions and Survival of Nonindigenous Species in Freshwater Systems ........... 9 Subtropical Climate ................... ................................. 10 Pathways of Introduction ........................................ ........ 10 Industries that Import Nonindigenous Species ................................ 12 Human Population Growth ............................................... 12
    [Show full text]