Timeline Continues Overleaf…
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TIMELINE CONTINUES Overleaf… Nottingham Contemporary would like to warmly thank Michael Wilson and everyone The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan The Black Panther Party is founded Oct – During their medal ceremony at The American Indian Movement takes at the Wilson Centre for Photography for their generous loan and invaluable 1958 is published. Today it is widely credited by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. the Summer Olympics, in Mexico City, over the South Dakota village of 1981 knowledge and contribution to the exhibition. Special thanks go to Polly Fleury for her NASA is created to oversee the nation’s with heralding the beginning of second- The African-American revolutionary the African-American athletes Tommie Wounded Knee, where soldiers in Ronald Reagan is elected President curatorial input, Hope Kingsley for her invaluable contribution to the gallery guide, space programme. wave feminism. group calls for an end to police brutality Smith and John Carlos deliver the the late 19th century had massacred and The White House returns to being and Ella Naef for her vital support during the development of the project. and a variety of social community Black Power salute. a Sioux encampment. held by the Republicans. Kamoinge Workshop is founded to programmes, most famously We would also like to thank the exhibition’s other lenders: Stephen Daiter Gallery, provide vital support for artists and Oct – The oil crisis begins when the IBM introduces the IBM personal Chicago; Steven Kasher Gallery, New York and Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York. 1960 Free Breakfast for Children. photographers striving for equality 1969 members of the Organization of computer, the IBM 5150. Published in 2017 by Nottingham Contemporary on the occasion of the exhibition African-American college students sit within in their field. The exhibition Toward a Social Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Landscape, curated by Nathan Lyons, proclaim an embargo. This is in States of America down at a segregated lunch counter Nov – John F. Kennedy is assassinated Jan – Richard Nixon, a Republican, in North Carolina and refuse to leave opens at the George Eastman House, becomes the 36th President of the response to American support for 1987 Nottingham Contemporary in Dallas, Texas. Lyndon B. Johnson when asked. Sit-ins are later adopted Rochester, New York, featuring the work United States. Israel during the Yom Kippur War. immediately succeeds him. of Bruce Davidson, Lee Friedlander, By the end of the embargo in March Oct – The stock market crash known 16 September - 26 November 2017 by anti-Vietnam War demonstrators. Garry Winogrand and Danny Lyon. Native Americans seize Alcatraz Island 1974, the price of oil had almost as Black Monday occurs on the New States of America is a collaboration with the Wilson Centre for Photography Following a period of rapid housing in San Francisco Bay and hold it until quadrupled. This has long-term effects York Stock Exchange. Stock markets development since the 1940s, as many 1964 The exhibition Twelve Photographers federal officials remove them in 1971. on global politics and the economy. around the world mirror the crash © Nottingham Contemporary 2017 of the American Social Landscape Americans now live in the suburbs as President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Almost half a million people attend with drops of their own. in cities. opens at Rose Art Museum, Brandeis All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or utilised in any form Act, ending segregation in the South University, Massachusetts, curated by Woodstock, the three-day music by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, and in any public places. This builds Thomas Garver. It features the work festival held in Upstate New York. 1 9 74 including photocopying and recording in any information storage or retrieval system, 1989 upon the previous act of 1957, which of Davidson, Friedlander, Winogrand, The International Center of without permission in writing from the publishers. 1961 was primarily focused on voting rights. Neil Armstrong becomes the first Lyon, Duane Michals, Robert Frank, person to walk on the surface of Photography opens in New York. Jan – Ronald Reagan leaves the Images courtesy as credited; © the photographers as credited. The editors and Jan – John F. Kennedy succeeds Ralph Gibson, Warren Hill, Rudolph White House. The Office of Economic Opportunity is the Moon. Aug – Richard Nixon resigns as publisher gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the copyright President Eisenhower, marking a return Janu, Simpson Kalisher, established, providing training for the President, unable to recover from the Nov – The Berlin Wall falls. material in this book. The publishers have made every effort to trace copyright to office for the Democrats. James Marchael, Philip Perkis and poor and setting up various community- Watergate Scandal. Gerald Ford takes holders but apologise for any omissions that may have been made inadvertently. Tom Zimmermann. The Federal Government abandons its action agencies. 1970 up post immediately. Exhibition curated by Irene Aristizábal and Abi Spinks, with Polly Fleury, policy of moving Native Americans off May – After leaving the Nation of Riots break out in many cities across 1991 the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency Director of Special Projects, Wilson Centre for Photography reservations and into cities. Islam in 1963, Malcolm X founds the is created. Congress amends the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a 1975 The Cold War ends and the Assistant Curators: Nicola Guy and Angelica Sule Clean Air Act of 1967 to develop secular political group. Soviet Union is dissolved. uniform national air-quality standards. Economic stagnation hits New York Exhibition Registrar: Emma Gamble 1962 1967 It also passes the Water Quality City particularly hard, amplified by Improvement Act, which assigns the Exhibition design by Vassiliki Holeva James Meredith is denied admission 1965 After challenging treaty violations, a large movement of middle-class to the University of Mississippi on the Native American groups win the first polluter the responsibility of cleaning residents to the suburbs, which drains Exhibition graphics: Vassiliki Holeva and James Ward up off-shore oil spills. grounds of his race, triggering protests. Feb – Malcolm X is assassinated by of many victories guaranteeing long- the city of tax revenue. Bankruptcy is abused land and water rights. Artists texts by Nicola Guy and Angelica Sule President Kennedy sends federal members of the Nation of Islam, after 26 Aug – The Women’s Strike for averted via a $2.3 billion federal loan. troops to uphold the law. many failed attempts, while speaking Valerie Solanas self-publishes the Equality takes place in the United Introduction and essay by Irene Aristizábal The exhibition New Topographics: Public concern about the environment at the Audubon Ballroom, New York. SCUM Manifesto, declaring war on States. 20,000 women gather Photographs of a Man-Altered across the country to celebrate is sparked with the publication of May – Birth control is legalised for capitalism and patriarchy. Landscape opens at George Eastman Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring, the 50th anniversary of the Ninth House, curated by William Jenkins, married people. The exhibition New Documents opens Amendment, which was adopted which alleges that chemical pesticides, at the Museum of Modern Art in New featuring the work of Robert Adams, particularly DDT, cause cancer, among in 1920 and gave women the right Lewis Baltz, Joe Deal, Frank Gohlke, York, curated by John Szarkowski, to vote. other ills. 1966 presenting the work of Diane Arbus, Nicholas Nixon, John Scott, Stephen Lee Friedlander and Garry Winogrand. Shore, Henry Wessel Jr. and Bernd The Cuban Missile crisis occurs – a The idea of Black Power is introduced and Hila Becher. 13-day standoff between the US and by Stokely Carmichael. In June, James 1972 Soviet Union over nuclear missile Meredith, civil rights activist and the first The Equal Rights Amendment is bases being put in Cuba. The crisis is Black student to attend the University 1968 de-escalated but comes to be seen as passed by Congress, stating ‘Equality 1977 of Mississippi, embarks on a solitary Apr – Martin Luther King Jr. the closest point to nuclear warfare in of rights under the law shall not be Jimmy Carter is elected President and ‘Walk Against Fear’ from Memphis, is assassinated. denied or abridged by the United the Cold War period. Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi. The White House is again held by the Senator Robert Kennedy, a spokesman States or by any State on account Democratic Party. 20 miles into the walk, Meredith is shot of sex.’ and injured. Already widely known for for the disadvantaged and an opponent 1963 of the Vietnam War, is assassinated. Susan Sontag’s On Photography his activist work with the Student Non- is published. It features the essay, The March on Washington gathers Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), The American Indian Movement (AIM) 1973 ‘America, Seen Through Photographs, 200,000 people to demonstrate their Carmichael calls for SNCC volunteers is founded to help channel government Darkly’, which criticises Diane Arbus’ commitment to equality for all. Martin to continue the walk in his place. Upon funds to Native American-controlled The Supreme Court sanctions work. Luther King Jr. delivers his famous reaching Jackson, Carmichael delivers a organisations and assist neglected women’s right to obtain an abortion ‘I Have a Dream’ speech, providing speech and states: Native Americans in the cities. during the first trimester of pregnancy crucial support and solidarity for those ‘We been saying “freedom” for six (the Roe v. Wade case). artists vying towards artistic equality years. What we are going to start saying within the industry of photography. now is ‘Black Power’. CONTENTS Introduction 4 Essay 5 Locations 9 Artists 10 Glossary 16 Exhibition checklist 17 Timeline 22 Spanning a period from the 1960s to the early 1990s, States of America presents an overview of the United States through the lens of 17 photographers.