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Rapporto Amnesty International AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SEZIONE ITALIANA Traduzione dall’inglese di Anna Ongaro e Patrizia Carrera Revisione ed edizione italiana a cura di Beatrice Gnassi Consulenza editoriale: Riccardo Noury, portavoce della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International Amnesty International – Sezione Italiana via Magenta 5, 00185 Roma Tel: (+39) 06 44901 Fax: (+39) 06 4490222 [email protected] – www.amnesty.it C.F. 03031110582 Fa fede il testo originale in lingua inglese È vietata la riproduzione anche parziale o ad uso interno o didattico e con qualsiasi mezzo effettuata, compresa la fotocopia non autorizzata Questo Rapporto fa riferimento al periodo da gennaio 2013 a dicembre 2014 Il presente Rapporto documenta il lavoro e le preoccupazioni di Amnesty International in tutto il mondo nel corso del 2014. Se un argomento non è inserito nella scheda dedicata a un determinato paese, ciò non si significa che Amnesty International dichiara che non ci siano stati abusi in tal senso. Allo stesso modo, l’assenza di un capitolo relativo a un paese o territorio non implica che durante l’anno non siano avvenute violazioni dei diritti umani o che non esistano motivi di preoccupazione per Amnesty International. In particolare la lunghezza della scheda su un dato paese non dove essere interpretata come termine di paragone per misurare la portata e la gravità delle preoccupazioni espresse da Amnesty International in merito a quel paese o territorio. Titolo originale: Amnesty International Report 2014/15. The State of the World’s Human Rights © 2015 Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Index: POL 10/001/2013 I edizione: febbraio 2015 © 2015 Lit Edizioni Srl Tutti i diritti riservati Castelvecchi è un marchio di Lit Edizioni Srl Sede operativa: Via Isonzo 34, 00198 Roma Tel. 06.8412007 - fax 06.85358676 [email protected] www.gruppolit.com Indice generale Introduzione 13 REGIONI Africa Subsahariana 17 Americhe 143 Asia e Pacifico 231 Europa e Asia Centrale 329 Medio Oriente e Africa del Nord 455 5 Indice alfabetico dei paesi Afghanistan 244 Congo, Repubblica Democratica del 50 Albania 340 Corea del Nord 264 Algeria 467 Corea del Sud 268 Angola 29 Costa d’Avorio 55 Arabia Saudita 471 Croazia 360 Argentina 155 Cuba 180 Armenia 342 Danimarca 362 Australia 248 Dominicana, Repubblica 183 Austria 343 Ecuador 186 Azerbaigian 345 Egitto 480 Bahamas 157 El Salvador 188 Bahrein 476 Emirati Arabi Uniti 486 Bangladesh 250 Eritrea 58 Belgio 348 Estonia 363 Benin 32 Etiopia 60 Bielorussia 349 Figi 270 Bolivia 159 Filippine 272 Bosnia ed Erzegovina 352 Finlandia 365 Brasile 162 Francia 366 Brunei Darussalam 253 Gambia 64 Bulgaria 354 Georgia 370 Burkina Faso 33 Germania 372 Burundi 35 Ghana 68 Cambogia 254 Giamaica 191 Camerun 38 Giappone 275 Canada 167 Giordania 489 Ceca, Repubblica 356 Grecia 375 Centrafricana, Repubblica 40 Guatemala 193 Ciad 45 Guinea 69 Cile 170 Guinea-Bissau 71 Cina 257 Guinea Equatoriale 73 Cipro 359 Guyana 195 Colombia 174 Haiti 196 Congo, Repubblica del 48 Honduras 199 6 India 277 Polonia 403 Indonesia 283 Portogallo 405 Iran 492 Portorico 215 Iraq 498 Qatar 533 Irlanda 378 Regno Unito 406 Israele e Territori Palestinesi Romania 411 Occupati 504 Ruanda 98 Italia 380 Russia 414 Kazakistan 384 Senegal 103 Kenya 75 Serbia 420 Kirghizistan 387 Sierra Leone 105 Kuwait 510 Singapore 312 Laos 287 Siria 536 Lettonia 389 Slovacchia 425 Libano 512 Slovenia 427 Libia 516 Somalia 108 Lituania 391 Spagna 428 Macedonia 392 Sri Lanka 313 Malawi 80 Stati Uniti d’America 216 Maldive 288 Sud Sudan 112 Malesia 290 Sudafrica 117 Mali 81 Malta 394 Sudan 123 Marocco e Sahara Occidentale 522 Suriname 222 Mauritania 84 Svezia 432 Messico 202 Svizzera 433 Moldova 396 Swaziland 127 Mongolia 293 Tagikistan 435 Montenegro 397 Taiwan 317 Mozambico 86 Tanzania 129 Myanmar 294 Thailandia 319 Namibia 89 Timor Est 323 Nauru 299 Togo 131 Nepal 300 Trinidad e Tobago 223 Nicaragua 207 Tunisia 542 Niger 90 Turchia 437 Nigeria 92 Turkmenistan 442 Norvegia 399 Ucraina 444 Nuova Zelanda 303 Uganda 133 Oman 528 Ungheria 450 Paesi Bassi 401 Uruguay 225 Pakistan 305 Uzbekistan 452 Palestina 529 Venezuela 226 Panama 209 Vietnam 325 Papua Nuova Guinea 310 Yemen 546 Paraguay 210 Zambia 137 Perù 212 Zimbabwe 139 7 I AMNESTY Amnesty International è un movimento mondiale di oltre sette milioni di persone che partecipano a campagne per un mondo dove tutti possano godere dei diritti umani. La sua visione è quella di un mondo in cui a ciascuna persona siano garantiti i diritti umani sanciti dalla Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani e altri standard internazionali sui diritti umani. La missione di Amnesty International è di condurre ricerche e intraprendere azioni specifiche per pre- venire e porre fine alle gravi violazioni di tutti i diritti umani: civili, politici, sociali, culturali ed economici. Dalla libertà d’espressione e d’associazione all’integrità fisica e mentale, dalla protezione dalla discriminazione al diritto all’alloggio, tutti i suddetti diritti sono indivisibili. Amnesty International è sovvenzionata principalmente dai propri soci e da libere donazioni. Nessun finanziamento è ricercato o accettato dai governi per le attività d’indagine e le campagne contro le violazioni dei diritti umani. Amnesty International è un movimento democratico in cui le principali decisioni vengono assunte da rappresentanti di tutte le sezioni nazionali, che si riuniscono ogni due anni nel Consiglio internazionale. 9 Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International La Sezione Italiana sviluppa e coordina le attività delle diverse strutture locali e il lavoro dei soci e dei sostenitori di Amnesty International nel paese. Oltre a ciò, intraprende azioni di sensibilizzazione, pro- mozione, educazione ai diritti umani, campaigning, lobby nei confronti delle istituzioni e raccolta fondi. Lo staff cura la gestione dell’archivio soci, l’organizzazione delle campagne, i rapporti con la stampa e con le istituzioni, le iniziative nazionali di raccolta fondi, la produzione di materiale promozionale, le attività editoriali ecc. A livello nazionale, strutture di volontari specializzati, i Coordinamenti, con conoscenze e competenze approfondite su paesi o su temi, svolgono un importante ruolo di collegamento con i ricercatori del Segretariato Internazionale. A livello locale operano le circoscrizioni, i gruppi, le antenne e i gruppi giovani. I gruppi sono la struttura base dell’attivismo di Amnesty International e svolgono attività di mobilitazione, sensibilizzazione (manifestazioni, presenza in pubblico, partecipazione ad azioni ed eventi, raccolta fondi) e di campaigning (raccolta di firme e adesioni ad appelli). I principi ispiratori del modello di governance sono la democraticità e la rappresentatività degli attivisti e dei soci. L’organo di governo dell’associazione, il Comitato direttivo, è eletto ogni due anni dai soci nell’Assemblea generale ed è costituito da attivisti volontari. La Sezione Italiana ha reso pubblico il proprio Bilancio sociale per il 2013, uno strumento fondamentale per conoscere le attività svolte e i risultati raggiunti dall’organizzazione. Il Bilancio sociale può essere consultato su: http://www.amnesty.it/bilancio-sociale-2013. I NUMERI DELLA SEZIONE ITALIANA NEL 2013 77.111 soci e sostenitori 1870 attiviste e attivisti per i diritti umani 183 gruppi sul territorio nazionale 15 circoscrizioni regionali 46 dipendenti e collaboratori a progetto della sede nazionale e delle sedi decentrate 17 coordinamenti su tema o area geografica 418.928 firme raccolte online e dai gruppi 47 appelli e azioni urgenti pubblicate online 609 azioni urgenti distribuite a gruppi e attivisti 169.322 fan su Facebook 154.993 follower su Twitter 448.765 visitatori unici su amnesty.it 962 incontri educativi e formativi 31.208 studenti e docenti coinvolti nell’educazione ai diritti umani 478 comunicati stampa e web news 5,58 mln € proventi complessivi. 10 Abbreviazioni usate nel presente rapporto • Asean (Association of South-East Asian Nations) si riferisce ad Associazione delle nazioni del Sud- Est Asiatico. • Au (African Union) si riferisce a Unione africana. • Cedaw (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) si riferisce a Convenzione sull’eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione nei confronti delle donne. • Cerd (Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination) si riferisce a Convenzione internazionale sull’eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione razziale. • Comitato Cedaw (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) si riferisce a Comitato delle Nazioni Unite sull’eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione nei confronti delle donne. • Comitato Cerd (Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination) si riferisce a Comitato delle Nazioni Unite sull’eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione razziale. • Comitato europeo per la prevenzione della tortura si riferisce a Comitato del Consiglio d’Europa per la prevenzione della tortura e delle pene o trattamenti crudeli, disumani e degradanti. • Convenzione europea sui diritti umani si riferisce a Convenzione (europea) per la protezione dei diritti umani e delle libertà fondamentali. • Convenzione sui diritti dell’infanzia si riferisce a Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sull’infanzia. • Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite contro il razzismo si riferisce a Convenzione internazionale sull’eli- minazione di ogni forma di discriminazione razziale. • Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite
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