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Anistia Internacional Informe 2014/15 O Estado Dos Direitos Humanos No Mundo

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Anistia Internacional Informe 2014/15 O Estado Dos Direitos Humanos No Mundo 14/15 ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL – INFORME 2014/15 INFORME 2014/15 O ESTADO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO MUNDO O Informe 2014/15 da Anistia Internacional documenta o estado dos direitos humanos em 160 países e territórios em 2014. Alguns eventos fundamentais de 2013 também são registrados. Para a edição brasileira, selecionamos 52 países que possuem maiores vínculos com o Brasil ou cuja situação de direitos humanos é mais urgente. Embora o ano de 2014 tenha sido marcado por conflitos violentos e pelo fracasso de muitos Estados em proteger os direitos e a segurança da população civil, esse ano também se caracterizou por avanços significativos em termos de proteções e garantias de certos direitos humanos. Aniversários cruciais de eventos marcantes, como o vazamento de gases tóxicos em Bhopal em 1984 e o genocídio de Ruanda em 1994, assim como as reflexões sobre os 30 anos da adoção da Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura, lembram-nos de que, mesmo ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL diante dos enormes progressos conquistados, muito ainda precisa ser feito para assegurar a justiça para INFORME 2014/15 vítimas e sobreviventes de graves abusos. Este relatório também presta homenagem àqueles que lutam para defender os direitos humanos em todos O ESTADO DOS DIREITOS os cantos do planeta, geralmente em circunstâncias difíceis e perigosas. Destaca as principais preocupações HUMANOS NO MUNDO da Anistia Internacional ao redor do mundo e é leitura essencial para ativistas, formuladores de políticas e qualquer pessoa interessada em direitos humanos. Junte-se a nós em anistia.org.br BP_AIR_2014/15_cover_final_spread.indd All Pages 20/02/2015 13:34 ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL A Anistia Internacional é um movimento global de mais de 7 milhões de pessoas que se mobilizam para criar um mundo em que os direitos humanos sejam desfrutados por todos. Nossa missão é que todas as pessoas tenham acesso aos direitos consagrados na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e em outras normas internacionais pertinentes. O trabalho da Anistia Internacional é desenvolver pesquisas e campanhas de mobilização para prevenir e pôr fim às violações dos direitos civis, políticos, sociais, culturais e econômicos. Desde a liberdade de expressão e de associação até a integridade física e mental, e desde a proteção contra a discriminação até o direito à moradia – esses direitos formam um todo indivisível. A Anistia Internacional é financiada, sobretudo, por seus membros e por doações privadas. Fundos governamentais não são aceitos para investigar ou para fazer campanhas contra abusos de direitos humanos. Somos independentes de quaisquer governos, ideologias políticas, interesses econômicos ou religiões. A Anistia Internacional é um movimento democrático cujas decisões políticas mais importantes são tomadas por representantes de todas as seções nacionais durante as assembleias do Conselho Internacional, que se reúne a cada dois anos. Acesse o nosso site para mais informações – anistia.org.br. Publicado originalmente em Este relatório documenta o Anistia Internacional Brasil Todos os direitos reservados. 2015 por trabalho e as preocupações Praça São Salvador, 5-Casa, Nenhuma parte desta Amnesty International Ltd da Anistia Internacional no Laranjeiras, CEP 22.231-170, publicação poderá ser Peter Benenson House ano de 2014. A ausência de Rio de Janeiro - RJ reproduzida, armazenada 1 Easton Street uma seção sobre algum país email: [email protected] em sistema de recuperação Londres WC1X 0DW ou território neste relatório anistia.org.br ou transmitida, em qualquer Reino Unido não significa que nesse formato ou por qualquer meio, Gráfica J. Sholna amnesty.org local não tenham ocorrido seja eletrônico, mecânico, por violações de direitos humanos R. Bonfim, 397 - São Cristóvão fotocópia, gravação ou outros, © Amnesty International 2015 que preocupem a Anistia CEP 20930-450 sem a permissão prévia Índice: POL 10/001/2015 Internacional. Tampouco a Rio de Janeiro - RJ dos editores. Para solicitar Idioma original: Inglês extensão de uma determinada permissão ou para outras Tradução: Anistia Internacional seção deve servir de base para informações, contate-nos Brasil que se compare a dimensão e em: [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-86210-488-7 a gravidade das preocupações da Anistia Internacional em algum país. II Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 14/15 ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL INFORME 2014/15 O ESTADO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO MUNDO Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 III ÍNDICE INFORME ANUAL 2014/15 Abreviaturas VI Mianmar 165 Introdução VIII Moçambique 169 Nigéria 171 Parte 1. Panoramas regionais Palestina 177 Panorama regional: África 2 Paquistão 180 Panorama regional: Américas 12 Paraguai 185 Panorama regional: Ásia E Oceania 21 Peru 186 Panorama regional: Europa e Ásia Central 31 Portugal 188 Panorama regional: Oriente Médio e Norte da Qatar 190 África 40 Reino Unido 192 República Centro-Africana 196 Parte 2. Países República Democrática do Congo 201 Afeganistão 50 Rússia 205 África do Sul 53 Síria 211 Alemanha 58 Sudão do Sul 216 Angola 60 Tailândia 221 Arábia Saudita 63 Timor-Leste 224 Argentina 67 Turquia 226 Bolívia 69 Ucrânia 230 Brasil 72 Uruguai 236 Canadá 77 Venezuela 237 Chile 79 China 82 Colômbia 88 Coreia do Norte 94 Cuba 97 Egito 99 El Salvador 104 Equador 106 Espanha 108 Estados Unidos da América 111 França 117 Grécia 120 Haiti 123 Índia 125 Irã 131 Iraque 136 Israel e Territórios Palestinos Ocupados 141 Itália 146 Japão 149 Líbano 151 Líbia 154 México 160 IV Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 V ABREVIATURAS ACNUR, o órgão da ONU para os refugiados Convenção da ONU sobre Desaparecimentos Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Forçados Refugiados Convenção Internacional para a Proteção de Todas as Pessoas contra os AI Desaparecimentos Forçados Anistia Internacional Convenção da ONU sobre Refugiados CEDAW Convenção relativa ao Status dos Refugiados Convenção para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos Convenção [Europeia] para a Proteção CEDEAO dos Direitos Humanos e das Liberdades Comunidade Econômica dos Estados da Fundamentais África Ocidental EUA CERD Estados Unidos da América Convenção Internacional para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Racial FPNU Fundo de População das Nações Unidas CIA Agência Central de Informações dos EUA LGBTI Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transgêneros e CICV Intersexuais Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha ONG Comitê CEDAW Organização Não Governamental Comitê da ONU para a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher OEA Organização dos Estados Americanos Comitê CERD Comitê para a Eliminação da Discriminação OIT Racial Organização Internacional do Trabalho Comitê Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura OMS Comitê Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura Organização Mundial da Saúde e das Penas ou Tratamentos Cruéis ou Degradantes ONU Organização das Nações Unidas Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura e outros OSCE Tratamentos ou Penas Cruéis, Desumanos ou Organização para a Segurança e a Degradantes Cooperação na Europa OTAN Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte VI Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 PIDCP Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos PIDESC Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Econômicos Sociais e Culturais Relator especial da ONU sobre a liberdade de expressão Relator especial sobre a promoção e a proteção do direito à liberdade de opinião e de expressão Relator especial da ONU sobre a tortura Relator especial da ONU sobre a tortura e outros tratamentos ou penas cruéis, desumanos ou degradantes Relator especial da ONU sobre a violência contra a mulher Relator especial sobre a violência contra a mulher, suas causas e consequências Relator especial da ONU sobre povos indígenas Relator especial sobre a situação dos direitos humanos e das liberdades fundamentais dos povos indígenas SADC Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral UA União Africana UE União Europeia UNICEF Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância Anistia Internacional – Informe 2014/15 VII "Pensei que o Líbano talvez INTRODUÇÃO fosse a opção menos difícil, mas ouvi dizer que os "Os confrontos entre as forças refugiados palestinos no governamentais e os grupos Líbano sofrem racismo e são armados transformaram privados de muitos de seus Yarmouk, meu bairro em direitos." Damasco, num vespeiro. Tudo Refugiado palestino da Síria, que finalmente muito agitado. Yarmouk se conseguiu fugir para a Europa através do Egito, da Turquia e de uma perigosa transformou em refúgio para travessia marítima para a Itália. as pessoas que escapavam de outros bairros." Este ano foi especialmente difícil para quem tentou defender os direitos humanos "Eu fazia trabalhos de e para quem se viu encurralado em meio assistência humanitária e ao sofrimento das zonas de guerra. Os governos gostam muito de discursar sobre atividades de comunicação, a importância de proteger a população mas aqueles homens civil. Mas os políticos de todo o mundo fracassaram vergonhosamente em mascarados não faziam proteger quem mais necessitava dessa diferença entre trabalhadores proteção. A Anistia Internacional acredita que essa situação pode e deve mudar de humanitários e combatentes forma definitiva. dos grupos armados de O direito internacional humanitário – o conjunto de leis que rege os conflitos oposição. Quando cada vez armados – não poderia ser mais claro. mais amigos começaram a ser Os ataques jamais devem
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