Content submodule 2 PLANT TISSUES 1.71.The tissue which was studied has a large nucleus, a Meristematic tissues are group of cells that have the thick cytoplasm without vacuoles; numerous ability to divide. These tissues in a plant consist of mitochondias and ribosomes; a poor developed small, densely packed cells that can keep dividing to endoplasmic reticulum; no crystals. This is … form new cells. Meristems give rise to permanent tissues A. meristem and have the following characteristics. Sach as: B. endosperm meristem cells are parenchymatous, alive, tightly closed C. periderm apical with thin walls. They have large nucleus, thick D. epidermis meristem cytoplasmic fluid and numerous ribosomes, and with E. epiblema tiny vacuoles or no vacuoles at all. Chloroplasts and chromoplasts are absent; there are proplastids and intercalary leucoplasts. meristems
lateral meristems
1.72. Stem thickens due to the function of the … Lateral meristems coincidentally can be found growing A. lateral meristem laterally to the plant, cause it to grow laterally (i.e., B. apical meristem larger in diameter). Lateral meristems are responsible for C. traumatic meristem secondary thickening, which is required by perennial D. intercalary meristem plants that grow year after year, and need the structural E. endodermis support to continue doing so. 1.73. While we do microscopical analysis of the axis The vascular cambium is a secondary lateral meristem. organ between secondary phloem and secondary xylem The vascular cambium is the source of both the we find tissue in the form of the multi-layer ring. Cells secondary xylem (inwards, towards the pith) and the are alive, thin-walled, densely closed, flattened and are secondary phloem (outwards), and is located between situated in radial layers. So, this tissue is … these tissues in the stems, roots and rhizomes. Vascular A. cambium cambium is found in dicots and gymnosperms but not B. procambium monocots, which usually lack secondary growth. C. phellogen secondphloem D. pericycle E. phelloderm cambium
second xylem
1.74. Cambium is a … Cambium (secondary lateral meristem) is formed A. secondary meristem from procambium, pericycle or cells of basic tissues. B. covering tissue Cambium is divids constantly and forms secondary C. primary meristem phloem and xylem, thus it provides thickening of D.conductive tissue organs. Cambium replenishes phloem and xylem of E. basic tissue open collateral and bicollateral bundles by new 1.75. When determining the type and characteristics of elements. It is typical for axial organs of dicots. vascular bundles of axial organs, it is necessary to consider mutual arrangement of the phloem and xylem, the presence of facings and ... A. сambium B. epiderm C. periderm D. pericycle E. phellogen
1.76. The main role in the formation of lateral The pericycle is secondary lateral meristem. roots belongs to … The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma cells that lies just A. pericycle inside the endoderma and is the outer most part of the stele of B. procambium plants. C. cambium In dicots, it also has the capacity to produce lateral roots. D. apical meristem endoderma E. lateral meristerm 1.77. Lateral roots are formed endogenously and they develop as a result of the activity of the … A. pericycle B. procambium C. cambium D. apical meristem E. phellogen
pericycle 1.78.Microscopic examination of ground tissue of a small branch revealed cork and phelloderm. remains of epidermis These are the derivates of: A. phellogen cork cells (or phellem) B. procambium C. cambium phellogen D. protoderm (or cork cambium) E. pericycle phelloderm 1.79. Microscopic examination of a stem of a perennial plant revealed integumentary tissue of secondary origin that was formed as a result of activity of … A. рhellogen Phellogen is secondary meristerm. Phellogenis situated B. рericycle between cork cells and phelloderm. Cells of the phellogen C. рrocambium divide and form the cork cells and phelloderm. Those three D. сambium tissues forming secondary covering tissues – periderm (see E. рrotoderm Fig. test 1.58, 1.61). 1.80. While microscopical analysis of the perennial plant stem we find covering tissue of the secondary origin, which is formed by the activity of … A. phellogen B. procambium C. cambium D. cortex parenchyma E. pericycle 1.81. Lenticels are discovered in periderm of the Lenticels are adaptations in the periderm for gas and water perennial plant stem, they are formed by activity of exchange, which are formed from phellogen in the places, … where the stomas are situated in the epidermis (see Fig. test A. phellogen 1.60). B. procambium C. cambium D. cortex parenchyma E. pericycle 1.82. Covering tissue has root hairs, have no Epiblema (or rhizoderma) is a typical coveringabsorption stomas and cuticle. This is … tissue that covers an absorption zone of the root. It consists of A. epiblema alive thin-walled cells that provide absorption of water and B. epidermis mineral solutions C. periderm D. velamen E. exoderm
1.83. Microscopical examination of transverse section of root revealed investing tissue consisting of a thin- walled, closely joining cells with root fibrilla. This tissue is called: A. epiblem B. root cap (pileorhiza) C. epiderm D. endoderm epiblema E. periderm with root hairs
1.84. While we do microscopical analysis we find complex tissue, which consists of alive cells with thickened and cutinized external cell walls, stomas and hairs. This is … stoma basic cell A. epidermis B. periderm cell wall C. cortex hair D. epiblema E. velamen stoma
Epidermis is comlex tissue consisting of stomas (stomas apparatus), basic cells of epidermis and trichomes (or hairs). The epidermis is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants' leaves, flowers, roots and stems. The epidermis serves several functions, it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds. 1.85. In the leaf epidermis one can see complexes Stomas (stomas apparatus) are component of the containing pairwise approximate semilunar cells with epidermis. By their help gas exchange and transpiration chloroplasts. These are … are realized. Each stoma is bordered by two kidney- A. stomas shaped cells that usually are smaller than most of the B. hydatodes neighboring epidermal cells. These are called guard C. trichomes subsidiarycells cells and unlike other cells of either epidermis, they D. glandules contain chloroplasts and thick cell walls. Cells which are E. lenticels` situated around guard cells, are called subsidiary cells. The stomatic cleft opens and closes because of turgor epidermiscells pressure changing, which is regulated of monosaccharides content formed in the process of photosynthesis. chloroplasts
stoma cleft guard cells
1.86. Microscopy of epidermis of the dicot plant leaf has Anomocytic type of stomata shown that cells around guard cells do not differ from most propagation. Adverse cells the base cells. So, this type of stomata is … uneducated. Guard cells surrounded by basal epidermal A. anomocytic cells. B. diacytic C. paracytic D. tetracytic E. anisocytic
1.87. Leaves of the plants Mustard (Brassicaceae) Anisocytic type is a type where Family are covered by epidermis, which has stoma three cells are situated around apparatus with three subsidiary cells of different stomata, and one of them is smaller size. These types of stoma apparatus is called … or large than others (e.g. families A. anisocytic Brassicaceae ,Polygonaceae, etc.) B. diacytic C. paracytic D. anomocytic E. tetracytic 1.88. While microscopical study of the epidermis Diacytic typeis a type when two of the Lamiaceae (Mint) Family leaf it is subsidiary cells are situated around ascertained that both subsidiary cells of the stomas stomata and their adjacent side is are situated transversely to stoma slit. Stoma perpendicular to stomatic cleft (e.g. apparatus is … families Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae). A. diacytic B. anomocytic C. anisocytic D. tetracytic E. paracytic 1.89. Microscopy of a leaf epidermis of Tetracytic type is a type where the stoma with four Convallaria majalis showed that the stomata had subsidiary cells, two of them are lateral and another two are four accessory cells. Two of them were lateral, and polar (e.g. families of the Monocots, rarely – Dicots). two other were polar. What type of stomatal mechanism is it? A. tetracytic B. diacytic C. anomocytic D. paracytic E. anisocytic
1.90. Stomas of leaf epidermis of Vinca minor Two subsidiary cells, which have two subsidiary cells; their longitudinal axes join parallel to the stomata are parallel to the somatic cleft. So, stoma cleft is typical for paracytic apparatus is ... type stomata apparatus A. paracytic (e.g. Fagaceae, Rosaceae, B. diacytic Myrtaceae,Apocynaceae family C. anomocytic etc.). D. tetracytic E. anisocytic 1.91. While we do microscopical study of the triennial stem on the cross section we detected remains of epidermis covering tissue, which consists of densely close dead brown cells, with thick cell walls, which cork cells (or phellem) impregnate with suberin. This is … A. cork cells (or phellema) phellogen B. epiblema (or cork cambium) C. epidermis D. collenchyme phelloderm E. chlorenchyma 1.92. While we do microscopical study of the stem we found out a covering tissue which consists of cork, phellogen and phelloderm. This tissue complex forms … Periderm is complex tissue consisting from cork (or A. periderm phellem), phellogen (or cork cambium) and phelloderm. It is B. epidermis the secondary integumentary tissue which is formed in the C. xylem perennial dicots and gymnospermous stems by the end of the D. phloem first year of living in the result of phellogen is activity. It has E. collenchyma protective function. 1.93.Phellogen is formed either from pericycle or A meristem is a tissue in most plants consisting of from the basic tissue which is obtaining the undifferentiated cells (meristemate cells), foun in zones of the meristem activity. Name the type of tissue which is plant where growth can take place. formed from fellogen.
A. covering tissue B. meristem C. excretory tissue D. strengthening (mechanical) tissue E. conductive tissue 1.94. When studyied stem covered with periderm lenticel researcher we came to the conclusion that gaseous exchange takes place through: A. lenticels fulfilling B. hydatodes tissue C. stomata D. pores E. periderm throughput cells
Lenticel formation begins during the development of the first periderm. In the stem, they usually appear below a stoma or group of stomata. Lenticels are found as raised circular, oval, or elongated areas on stems. As stems mature lenticel development continues in the newly forming periderm found at the bottom of cracks in the bark. The function of the lenticels is gas and water exchange. 1.95. While we do microscopical analysis we find complex tissue, which consists of periderm cork aggregate.
This is … barkparenchyma A. bark sclereids B. epidermis C. epiblema bastfibers D. exoderm cork E. velamen bark
cell with druses
cork
bast fibers
Bark (or cortex) is formed on stems of trees on the 8-30th years of living as a result of repeatedly location and activity of phellogen. It consists of sums of periderms.
1.96. While we do microscopical analysis of capitulum the leaves we discovered structures, which consist of long stalk and small secretory multicellular head. They are … Glandular hairsare exogenous secretory structures A. glandular hairs consisting from long multicellular stalk and small B. covering hairs secretory capitulum. C. stringing hairs stalk D. hydatodes E. thorns
1.97. Plants of the Lamiaceae Family have rounded Glandules consist of stalk and secretory capitulum exogenous secretory structures with a short unicellular which may include different number of cells. Glandules stalk and 8–12 radially situated secretory cells. These are alive multicellular trichomes with short stalk and are … large head where under its cuticle essential oils, gums, A. essential oil glandules mucus and other secrets are accumulated. B. nectarines The secretory cells of the head are situated C. osmophores raddiallyThisstructure is typicalfor plants of Mint D. hydatodes (or water stomas) (Lamiacee) Family. E. glandular hairs capi st tulu al viewfrom view m 1.98. By microscopical analysis of the plant (in k the from epidermis) we discover glandules, where cells are surface situated by two cells in 3 – 6 layers, so the plant belongs the side to the Family... A. Asteraceae (Sunflower) B. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) C. Solanaceae (Potato)
D. Apiaceae (Carrot) E. Lamiaceae (Mint) view from the side 1.99. Essential oil glandules that consist of 8 secretory cells placed in 2 lines and 4 tiers are typical for most plants of the following family: The secretory cells of the head are situated by two (in A. Asteraceae (Sunflower) pairs). Thisstructure is typicalfor plants of Aster B. Lamiaceae (Mint) (Asteraceae) Family. C. Solanaceae (Nightshade) D. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) E. Apiaceae (Carrot) 1.100.Excretory structures, which excrete water with Hydathodes (or water stomata) are special stomata mineral substances in liquid state, are situated on the found at the margin and tips of the leaves where the serrations of the leaf. Water excretes through the slits main veins ends. Hydatodes excrete water with mineral between two open guard cells. These are … substances. A. hydathodes The process of water excretion with hydatodes is called B. osmophores guttation. Each hydathode has a pore which always C. emergence remain open. The pore leads to a small cavity, the D. glandular hair stomatal chamber followed by a group of loosely E. glandule arranged cells called epithem. These cells are in close 1.101.Microscopic examination of leaf serration contact with xylem endings of veins. revealed secretory structures secreting some liquid. What are these structures called? A. Hydatodes B. Nectaries C. Stomata D. Glandules E. Osmophores leaf with hydathodes guttation
1.102. Under the microscope on the denticles of the leaf we discover secretory structures that excrete drops of liquid. These structures are … A. hydatodes B. nectarine C. stomas D. glandules E. osmophores
1.103. While microscopical study of the leaf on the denticles there are determined water stomas which are the appliance for excretion of liquid drops, i.e. realizing the process of … A. guttation B. gas exchange C. endogenous secretory D. transpiration E. photosynthesis 1.104. Microscopical examination of leaf revealed water stomata on its serration. These stomata are for exudation of liquid-drop moisture. This process is called: A. guttation B. photosynthesis C. transpiration D. internal secretion E. gas exchange 1.105. In the flower we determine secretory structures, which excrete sugary solutions that attract pollinators. This is … A. nectaries B. osmophores C. stinging hair D. sticky hair E. hydatodes 1.106. External secretory structures include … A. nectaries B. idioblast C. lacticifer D. resinous canals E. conceptacle Nectaries (nectar glandules) are multicellular 1.107. Nectaries usually contain … formations that are situated on the flowers and A. solutions of sugars vegetative parts of plants. Form of nectar glandules is B. essential oils different and species-specific. Sometimes petals or C. food enzymes undeveloped stamen-staminodes turn into nectar D. mucus glandules. Secretory function can be realized not only by E. latex epidermal layer but also subepidermal layers. 1.108. While microscopical analysis of the Urtica dioica leaf we find large growths, which consist of multicellular stay, ampulla-shaped alive cell with small mineralized head. Cell sap contains substances, which cause irritation. This structure is … A. stinging hair B. covering hair C. peltate scale D. seta E. glandular hair
Stinging hair typical for Urtica dioica (Urticaceae).
1.109. In epidermis of the madder dye leaf there have Emergences are formed by participation of epidermal been identified multicellular spiny outgrowths; and subepidermal cells. They can form multicellular epidermal and subepidermal cells take part in their stays, rosettes and other multicellular structures of formation. These outgrowths are ... trichomes (nettle, hops, marena). A. emergences B. simple trichomes (or hairs) C. glandular hair D. glandules E. stinging hairs 1.110. In the wood of the Pinus sylvestris essential oils Schizogenous conceptacles are endogenous excretory are accumulated in resin channels, which are covered structures (e.g. pine tree). They can have view of the inside with a layer of secretory cells. Those structures cavities – intercellular or the tubular structures that are are called … lined by secretory cells. Secretory cells release different A. schizogenous conceptacles substances (balsam, essential oil, gum and other) into B. lysigenous conceptacles cavity. C. articulate lacticifers D. non-articulate lacticifers drops of the E. cells-idioblasts essential oil 1.111.It is known that the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus have cavities with well-defined internal boundaries and epitheli filled with essential oils. They are called: alcells A. Schizogenous cavities B. Non-articulated lacticifers C. Schizolysigenous cavities Schizogenous conceptacle of the pine tree D. Articulated lacticifers E. Lysigenous cavities 1.112. In folded parenchyma of the pine leaf we discover hollow structures that are lined with secretory cells and contain thick gum. These are … A. schizogenous conceptacles B. nectarines C. osmophores D. hydatodes (or water stomas) E. lacticifers 1.113. On the cross section of the Citrus exocarp we Lysigenous conceptacles are endogenous excretory discovered large secretory structures without exact structures (e.g. citrus). They are formed at the destroying outline. This is … of secretory cells that is why the cavity of conceptacle A. lysigenous conceptacle doesn’t have exact outline. B. schizogenous conceptacle C. cells-idioblast cells of the D. articulate lacticifer basicparenchy E. non-articulate lacticifer ma 1.114. It is known that rhizome and roots of elegampane inula (Inula helenium) have cavities without distincts inner boundaries filled with essential oils. They are remains of the destructed cells called: A. lysigenous receptacles B. segmented lacticifers C. schizogenous receptacles D. nonsegmented lecticifers lysigenous conceptacle of the citrus E. resin ducts 1.115. While we do microscopical study of the poppy The lacticifers (see Fig. test 1.74) are endogenous pericarp it is determined, that there are tube structures secretory structures. with white latex. They are … Lacticifersare prosenchymatous cells or multicellular A. lacticifers tubular formations that contain latex of complicated B. secretory glands composition. Latex is a frequently milky plant exudate, C. lysigenicous conceptacle often containing rubber, found in specialized cells called D. secretory cells laticifers. E. schizogenous conceptacle
1.116. On the longitudinal section of the dandelion root Articulate lacticifers with anastomosis are tubers who in cortex we find secretory structures with thick contents joined with transverse septum (anastamosis). in the form of winding tubules, which are formed with series of cells. Such structures are called … A. articulate lacticifer with anastomosis B. articulate lacticifer without anastomosis C. non-articulate non-branched lacticifer D. non-articulate branched lacticifer E. schizogenous cannals
anastomosis cells of the
lactic tube
1.117. Some plants accumulate latex in … Lacticifers are prosenchymatous alive cells or A. lacticifers multicellular tubular formations that contain latex of B. cells-idioblasts complicated composition. C. glandules D. hydatodes E. conceptacles 1.118. Cells of the stem pith are parenchymal and alive. Basic tissue (or parenchyma) is called fulfilling They have large intercellular spaces and thin porous because it forms a base of organs and fill cavity between walls. This tissue is … other tissues. It is alive parenchymal tissue that can A. basic preserve meristematic activity. According to the B. conductive structure of cells, functions and location in organs, C. meristematic parenchyma is divided into assimilative, storage, D. mechanical absorptive, aerenchyma, and water bearing. Е. Covering The pith of stem is filling of parenchymatous cells who is situated spongiose.
pith
1.119.In a sample studied under a microscope the multilayer palisade (columnar) parenchyma can be clearly seen. Such structure is typical for:
A. leaf B. root C. dicotyledon stem D. rhizomes of ferns E. adventitious roots 1.120. Under the epidermis of a leaf we find green tissue which consists of alive, oblong and tightly closed cells. These cells are orthogonally oriented to the leaf surface. This is a parenchyma of … A. columnar (or palisade) B. spongy C. folded D. storage E. auriferous
1.121. While microscopical study of the leaf we discover that some layers of the chlorophyll-bearing cells are situated under epidermis. These cells have elongated form and are situated obliquely to the surface of a leaf with large amount of chloroplasts. So, this parenchyma is called … A. palisade B. folded C. storage D. water-bearing E. spongy
1.122. The cells of leaf mesophyll are elongated, densely close with thin, straight walls and large quantity of chloroplasts, so, chlorenchyma is … A. palisade B. spongy C. folded D. storage E. aerenchyma
1.123. While microscopical study of the pine leaf we Folded parenchyma is found in the leaves of some find that mesophyll consists of cells, which have many coniferous trees (pine-tree). Its cells have internal folds chloroplasts and sinuous cell walls. So, mesophyll is of walls along which chloroplasts are situated, what formed by … parenchyma. increase photosynthesis surface of leaf. A. folded(plicate) B. palisade C. storage D. water-bearing folded parenchyma E. spongy 1.124. While microscopical study of the needle-shaped leaf we consider alive tissue with inner ansate growths of cell wall, along which there are situated chloroplasts, so this parenchyma is … A. folded B. spongy C. palisade D. folded and palisade E. palisade and spongy 1.125. Basic tissue of green leaf consists of living thin- Spongy (or lacunose) walled, parenchymatous cells and large intercellular parenchyma has spaces. This parenchyma is ... lax location of cells of A.spongy (or lacunose) different size with small number B. palisade (or columnar) of chloroplasts. Cells are situated C. folded friably, because there are D. storage big intercellular spaces. E.venting spongy (or lacunose) parenchyma
1.126. Basic parenchyma is developed in seeds, Storage parenchyma contains grains of starch, pericarp, cortex, stem core and underground organs. It aleuronic or drops of fatty oil. It is situated in the cortex, contains starch and aleuronic grains, drops of fatty oil. wood and pith of vegetative organs, in seeds This parenchyma is … (endosperm, perisperm, cotyledons), in the underground A. storage organs – rhizomes, tubers, food-storage roots, edible B. water-storage (or hydrophoric) roots, bulbs, etc. C. aerenchyma (or air-containing) D. assimilative palisade (or columnar) E. assimilative spongy (or lacunose) 1.127.Underground location of rhizomes determines the fact that the most developed tissue is … A. storage parenchyma B. chlorenchyma C. aerenchyma D. xylem E. collenchyma 1.128. Basic parenchyma of the hydrophytes and Aerenchyma or air-containing hygrophytes leaves with a developt system of parenchyma is a venting tissue with a intercellular spaces that promotes ventilation and flotage large air cavity. It is especially has been studied. This parenchyma is… well-developed in hygrophytes and A. aerenchyma (or air-containing) hydrophytes, in which it promotes B. water-storage (or hydrophoric) flotage of leaves. C. assimilative spongy (or lacunose) D. storage Aerenchyma(or air-containing) E. assimilative folded 1.129. Air roots of orchids are covered with a multi- Velamen is a multilayer covering layer protecting, absorbing and photosynthesizing tissue absorption tissue, it is capable of protodermal origin. It is .. to photosynthesis. It is formed A. velamen from protoderma air roots of epiphytes. B. epiblema C. periderm velamen D. cortex E. epiderm 1.130. A characteristic feature of strengthening tissues The collenchyma is alive mechanicaltissue with of plants is that such tissues consist essentially of dead cellulose irregularly thickened cell’s wall. It typical for cells. However there exists one type of strengthening stem and veins of the leaf of the dicots. Collenchyma is tissues consisting of living cells. What cells of situated at the periphery of the stem as entire, interrupted strengthening tissues from the list below contain a living cylinders or separate bands. According to the character protoplast? of walls thickening and density of the cell location there A.collenchyma are angular, lamellar and lacunar collenchyma. The B. sclereids cells of the angular collenchyma are tightly joined, walls C. libriform are thickened by angles. D. perivascular fibers E. bast fibers 1.131.Anatomical and histochemical analyses of the petiole show that under the epidermis and above the conductive bundle there are alive parenchymal multangular cells with cellulose walls, thickened in cell angles. This is typical for … A. angular collenchyma B. spongy parenchyma C. lamellar collenchyma D. lacunar collenchyma E. bust fiber 1.132.Some layers of alive parenchymatous cells are discovered on the cross section. Cells contain chloroplasts; cell walls are thickened on the angles. This is … angular collenchyma A. angular collenchyma B. lamellar collenchyma C. lacunar collenchyma
D. storage parenchyma E. aerenchyma
1.133. Anatomico-histochemical analysis of a petiole revealed living parenchyma cells with cellulose, angular thickened membranes under the epiderm and above the fascicle. This is typical for: A. angular collenchyma B. lamellar collenchyme C. spongy parenchyma D. lacunar collenchyme E. bast fibers
1.134. Anatomical and histochemical analyses of petiole Lamellarcollenchyma has thickenings on their shows that under epidermis there are alive parenchymal tangential walls, which are parallel with the surface. cells with cellulose and thickened tangential cell walls. This is … A. lamellar collenchyma B. angular collenchyma C. lacunar collenchyma D. spongy parenchyma tangential cell E. palisade parenchyma walls
1.135. While we do microscopical studying of the leaf Astrosclereid(asterosclerei we find stellar sclereids. These are … d, star sclereid) A relatively A. astrosclereids short sclerenchyma cell B. osteosclereids (sclereid). Astrosclereids C. trichosclereids are usually present singly or D. macrosclereids in small groups and are E. brachisclereids often found in the mesophyll of leaves, where they act as a strengthening agent.
cross-section through a living Nymphaea leaf.
1.136. Microscopy of the fruit pulp of quince has found Sclereids are dead supporting cells of various shapes sclereids of isodiametric form. They are … with uniformly thickened, woody, A brachysclereids lamellar walls. The walls are B. astrosclereids penetrated with chinked and C. thread-like sclereids branched pores. D. osteosclereide Brahisklereids have isodiametric E. macrosclereids form and are found in seed coats, fruit pulp and leaves, as well as axial 1.137. In the pulp of leaves (tea, begonia, ivy) there are parenchyma organs. sclereids that are dumbbell-shaped or have a form of Osteosklereids are baculiform-shaped tubular bones. They are ... with thickened ends. A. osteosclereides B. macrosclereids C. thread-like sclereids D. astrosclereids E.brachysclereids
1.138. While microscopical analysis of the longitudinal Bast fibers (or phloem) are very long cells with section of the flax (Linum) stem on the periphery we thickened, slaty, cellulose, partly or completely find groups tightly closed prosenchymatous cells with lignificated cells walls that are penetrated by oblique pointed ends and strongly thickened lamellar cellulose pores. Foliation of walls depends on interchange of cell walls, which are penetrated with oblique pores. So, layers with different content of cellulose, hemicelluloses this is … and pectin substances, and striation depends on A. bast fibers cancellated location of fibrils. The length of phloem B. wood fibers fibers can varies from 4 to 350 mm. Form of the phloem C. cortex fibers fibers point and their joining are the specific D. tracheids characteristic of a plant (flax has mucronat phloem E. vessels fibers, hemp has clavate or branchy, kenaf has dentate 1.139.In composition of the stem phloem there are ones etc.) groups of the densely close prosenchymatous cells with pointed ends, evenly thickened, lamellar, partly lignified cell walls. These are … A. phloem fibers B. xylem fibers C. tracheids D. sclereids E. collenchyma
cross section longitudinal section
1.140. Sclerenchyma consists of thickened cell walls, Wood fibers are a type of sclerenchyma. The cells are which are impregnated with lignin. These fibers are … prosenchymatous with pointed ends and thickened A. wood lignified walls. B. bast C. cortex D. perivascular E.sheath
1.141.Having been studied, conifer wood is determined Conductive tissues provide locomotion through the to be composed of cells with pointed ends and lignified plant of two streams of substances: ascending ring-porous cell wall. Therefore, this tissue of conifers is currentthat brings water and solutions of mineral represented only by: substances from the root to overground parts of plants A. tracheids and descending current that brings products of B. vessels photosynthesis from leaves to all parts of plants. C. sieve tubes Vessels and tracheids form an efficient system for D. companion cells transporting water and mineral salts (including E. bast fibers necessary minerals) from the root to the leaves and other 1.142. Ascending transport of water and soluted parts of the plant. minerals is provided by … Vessels are formed from cells of procambium or A. vessels and tracheids cambium, which stretch, their transverse walls perforate B. sieve tubes or solve, protoplast die off, cell walls become thicker C. wood fibers (libriform) and lignificated. D. bast fibers Tracheids are elongated prosenchymatous cells with E. sclerenchyma sharp top and border pits in the xylem of vascular plants.
vessel
1.143. By means of microscopic analyses it has been Tracheids are prosenchymatous conducting tissues of observed prosenchymatous cells with bordered wood (xylem) that ensure movement of water and pits,which are typical for … tisue mineral substances. They are characterized by presence A. conductive of bordered pits. B. mechanical C. storage D. covering E. meristematic
1.144. It is determined that transport of photosynthesis Ordinary companions cells, which have smooth walls products is provided by the … and few or no plasmodesmata connections to cells other A. sieve tubers them sieve tube. Companion cells and sieve elements are B. vessels of meristimatic origin. C. tracheids D. parenchyma E. bast fiber
1.145.Descending stream of organic substances from leaves to all plant organs is provided by … A. sieve tubers B. vessels C. tracheids sieve tube with the companion cell D. bast fibers E. wood fibers
1.146. While microscopical analysis of the stem we find Phloem is the vascular tissue. Its principal function is the complex tissues, which include such histological conducting of assimilates and food. It is composed of the elements as: sieve tubes with companion cells, bast sieve elements, of which two types can be distinguished, fibers, bast parenchyma. It’s typical for … sieve cells and sieve-tube members. A. phloem Companion cells produce enzymes that proceed into B. xylem sieve tubes and stimulate their work. C. epidermis Bast (or phloem) can be the primary or secondary D. cortex origin. It consists of conductive tissues – sieve cells (or E. periderm sievetubes) and companion cells, the mechanical tissue - bast fibers and the storage tissue – bast parenchyma.
bast parenchyma
sieve tube companioncell
1.147. The main conductive components of leaf vein Xylem and phloem are conductive tissues of leaf veins, tissues are ... which provide ascending and descending currents of A. xylem and phloem substances. Often they are surrounded by sclerenchymal B. collenchyma and sclerenchyma or parenchymal armature. C. epidermis and periderm D. aerenchyma and chlorenchyma E. phloem and collenchyma
1.148.On the photomicrograph of a herbaceous plant stem the bicollateral vascular bundles are clearly visible. The microspecimen represents the stem of the following plant:
A. pumpkin outer phloem B. rye C. flax cambium D. corn xylem E. solomon’s seal 1.149. On the cross section of the pumpkin (Cucurbita) stem it can be well seen that open conductive have two parts of phloem: inner and outer. These bundles are A. bicollateral inner phloem B. collateral C. radial D. concentric with the phloem in the center In a bicollateral bundle, the phloem is both outside E. concentric with the xylem in the center and inside the xylem, as in the cucumber Family (Cucurbitaceae) and the potato family (Solanaceae). 1.150.Conductive bundles with the phloem in the centre ` and xylem around it are typical for rhizomes of the lily-of- phloem the-valley (Convalaria majalis). There are … A. concentric centerphloembundles B. concentric centerxylembundles C. radialbundles D. bicollateralbundles xylem E. collateralbundles
1.151.While we do microscopic analysis of the rhizome Centroxylem bundles are typical to fern (e.g. we found centroxylem conductive bundles, so the rhizome Dryopteris filix-mas). belongs to … A. Dryopteris filix-mas xylem B. Potentilla erecta C. Convallaria majalis D. Agropiron repens E. Acorus calamus 1.152. While we do microscopic analysis of the rhizome we found centroxylem conductive bundles, so the plant belongs to … A. fern B. algae C. dicot D. monocot E. gymnospermae 1.153. Conductive bundle is discovered on the cross xylem section of the axis organ; its phloem and xylem are situated separately, which take turns radially. So, this type of the bundle is … A. radial B. centroxylem C. centrophloem phloem D. collateral E. bicollateral
Radial bundles are typical to roots. In radial bundle phloem occur between xylem rices.