Securing Files and Verifying File Integrity in Oracle® Solaris 11.4
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LS-09EN. OS Permissions. SUID/SGID/Sticky. Extended Attributes
Operating Systems LS-09. OS Permissions. SUID/SGID/Sticky. Extended Attributes. Operating System Concepts 1.1 ys©2019 Linux/UNIX Security Basics Agenda ! UID ! GID ! Superuser ! File Permissions ! Umask ! RUID/EUID, RGID/EGID ! SUID, SGID, Sticky bits ! File Extended Attributes ! Mount/umount ! Windows Permissions ! File Systems Restriction Operating System Concepts 1.2 ys©2019 Domain Implementation in Linux/UNIX ! Two types domain (subjects) groups ! User Domains = User ID (UID>0) or User Group ID (GID>0) ! Superuser Domains = Root ID (UID=0) or Root Group ID (root can do everything, GID=0) ! Domain switch accomplished via file system. ! Each file has associated with it a domain bit (SetUID bit = SUID bit). ! When file is executed and SUID=on, then Effective UID is set to Owner of the file being executed. When execution completes Efective UID is reset to Real UID. ! Each subject (process) and object (file, socket,etc) has a 16-bit UID. ! Each object also has a 16-bit GID and each subject has one or more GIDs. ! Objects have access control lists that specify read, write, and execute permissions for user, group, and world. Operating System Concepts 1.3 ys©2019 Subjects and Objects Subjects = processes Objects = files (regular, directory, (Effective UID, EGID) devices /dev, ram /proc) RUID (EUID) Owner permissions (UID) RGID-main (EGID) Group Owner permissions (GID) +RGID-list Others RUID, RGID Others ID permissions Operating System Concepts 1.4 ys©2019 The Superuser (root) • Almost every Unix system comes with a special user in the /etc/passwd file with a UID=0. This user is known as the superuser and is normally given the username root. -
NTFS • Windows Reinstallation – Bypass ACL • Administrators Privilege – Bypass Ownership
Windows Encrypting File System Motivation • Laptops are very integrated in enterprises… • Stolen/lost computers loaded with confidential/business data • Data Privacy Issues • Offline Access – Bypass NTFS • Windows reinstallation – Bypass ACL • Administrators privilege – Bypass Ownership www.winitor.com 01 March 2010 Windows Encrypting File System Mechanism • Principle • A random - unique - symmetric key encrypts the data • An asymmetric key encrypts the symmetric key used to encrypt the data • Combination of two algorithms • Use their strengths • Minimize their weaknesses • Results • Increased performance • Increased security Asymetric Symetric Data www.winitor.com 01 March 2010 Windows Encrypting File System Characteristics • Confortable • Applying encryption is just a matter of assigning a file attribute www.winitor.com 01 March 2010 Windows Encrypting File System Characteristics • Transparent • Integrated into the operating system • Transparent to (valid) users/applications Application Win32 Crypto Engine NTFS EFS &.[ßl}d.,*.c§4 $5%2=h#<.. www.winitor.com 01 March 2010 Windows Encrypting File System Characteristics • Flexible • Supported at different scopes • File, Directory, Drive (Vista?) • Files can be shared between any number of users • Files can be stored anywhere • local, remote, WebDav • Files can be offline • Secure • Encryption and Decryption occur in kernel mode • Keys are never paged • Usage of standardized cryptography services www.winitor.com 01 March 2010 Windows Encrypting File System Availibility • At the GUI, the availibility -
DC Console Using DC Console Application Design Software
DC Console Using DC Console Application Design Software DC Console is easy-to-use, application design software developed specifically to work in conjunction with AML’s DC Suite. Create. Distribute. Collect. Every LDX10 handheld computer comes with DC Suite, which includes seven (7) pre-developed applications for common data collection tasks. Now LDX10 users can use DC Console to modify these applications, or create their own from scratch. AML 800.648.4452 Made in USA www.amltd.com Introduction This document briefly covers how to use DC Console and the features and settings. Be sure to read this document in its entirety before attempting to use AML’s DC Console with a DC Suite compatible device. What is the difference between an “App” and a “Suite”? “Apps” are single applications running on the device used to collect and store data. In most cases, multiple apps would be utilized to handle various operations. For example, the ‘Item_Quantity’ app is one of the most widely used apps and the most direct means to take a basic inventory count, it produces a data file showing what items are in stock, the relative quantities, and requires minimal input from the mobile worker(s). Other operations will require additional input, for example, if you also need to know the specific location for each item in inventory, the ‘Item_Lot_Quantity’ app would be a better fit. Apps can be used in a variety of ways and provide the LDX10 the flexibility to handle virtually any data collection operation. “Suite” files are simply collections of individual apps. Suite files allow you to easily manage and edit multiple apps from within a single ‘store-house’ file and provide an effortless means for device deployment. -
How to Find out the IP Address of an Omron
Communications Middleware/Network Browser How to find an Omron Controller’s IP address Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Overview • Many Omron PLC’s have Ethernet ports or Ethernet port options • The IP address for a PLC is usually changed by the programmer • Most customers do not mark the controller with IP address (label etc.) • Very difficult to communicate to the PLC over Ethernet if the IP address is unknown. Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Simple Ethernet Network Basics IP address is up to 12 digits (4 octets) Ex:192.168.1.1 For MOST PLC programming applications, the first 3 octets are the network address and the last is the node address. In above example 192.168.1 is network address, 1 is node address. For devices to communicate on a simple network: • Every device IP Network address must be the same. • Every device node number must be different. Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 127.27.250.5 192.168.1.1 Device Laptop EX: Omron PLC 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1 Valin Corporation | www.valin.com Omron Default IP Address • Most Omron Ethernet devices use one of the following IP addresses by default. Omron PLC 192.168.250.1 OR 192.168.1.1 Valin Corporation | www.valin.com PING Command • PING is a way to check if the device is connected (both virtually and physically) to the network. • Windows Command Prompt command. • PC must use the same network number as device (See previous) • Example: “ping 172.21.90.5” will test to see if a device with that IP address is connected to the PC. -
Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Chapter 1
Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy 1.1. Foreward When migrating from another operating system such as Microsoft Windows to another; one thing that will profoundly affect the end user greatly will be the differences between the filesystems. What are filesystems? A filesystem is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk. The word is also used to refer to a partition or disk that is used to store the files or the type of the filesystem. Thus, one might say I have two filesystems meaning one has two partitions on which one stores files, or that one is using the extended filesystem, meaning the type of the filesystem. The difference between a disk or partition and the filesystem it contains is important. A few programs (including, reasonably enough, programs that create filesystems) operate directly on the raw sectors of a disk or partition; if there is an existing file system there it will be destroyed or seriously corrupted. Most programs operate on a filesystem, and therefore won't work on a partition that doesn't contain one (or that contains one of the wrong type). Before a partition or disk can be used as a filesystem, it needs to be initialized, and the bookkeeping data structures need to be written to the disk. This process is called making a filesystem. Most UNIX filesystem types have a similar general structure, although the exact details vary quite a bit. -
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2 Contents Legal Statement..................................................................................................4 Active@ UNDELETE Overview............................................................................. 5 Getting Started with Active@ UNDELETE........................................................... 6 Active@ UNDELETE Views And Windows......................................................................................6 Recovery Explorer View.................................................................................................... 7 Logical Drive Scan Result View.......................................................................................... 7 Physical Device Scan View................................................................................................ 8 Search Results View........................................................................................................10 Application Log...............................................................................................................11 Welcome View................................................................................................................11 Using Active@ UNDELETE Overview................................................................. 13 Recover deleted Files and Folders.............................................................................................. 14 Scan a Volume (Logical Drive) for deleted files..................................................................15 -
Software Distributor Administration Guide for HP-UX 11I
Software Distributor Administration Guide for HP-UX 11i HP Computers Manufacturing Part Number: B2355-90754 June 2002, Edition 3 © Copyright 2002 Hewlett-Packard Company. Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, California 94304 U.S.A. Use of this document and any supporting software media supplied for this pack is restricted to this product only. Additional copies of the programs may be made for security and back-up purposes only. Resale of the programs, in their present form or with alterations, is expressly prohibited. Copyright Notice Copyright 1997-2002 Hewlett-Packard Company. All rights reserved. -
File Manager Manual
FileManager Operations Guide for Unisys MCP Systems Release 9.069W November 2017 Copyright This document is protected by Federal Copyright Law. It may not be reproduced, transcribed, copied, or duplicated by any means to or from any media, magnetic or otherwise without the express written permission of DYNAMIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC. It is believed that the information contained in this manual is accurate and reliable, and much care has been taken in its preparation. However, no responsibility, financial or otherwise, can be accepted for any consequence arising out of the use of this material. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE PROGRAM SPECIFICATION. Correspondence regarding this document should be addressed to: Dynamic Solutions International, Inc. Product Development Group 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 110, Englewood, Colorado 80112 (800)641-5215 or (303)754-2000 Technical Support Hot-Line (800)332-9020 E-Mail: [email protected] ii November 2017 Contents ................................................................................................................................ OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 1 FILEMANAGER CONSIDERATIONS................................................................... 3 FileManager File Tracking ................................................................................................ 3 File Recovery .................................................................................................................... -
Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
Lab Report: 11.2.5 Manage Files Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 6 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Compress the D:\Graphics folderHide Details Set the Compressed attribute Apply the changes to all folders and files In Hide the D:\Finances folder In Set Read-only on filesHide Details Set read-only on 2017report.xlsx Set read-only on 2018report.xlsx Do not set read-only for the 2019report.xlsx file Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Compress the D:\Graphics folder and all of its contents. Hide the D:\Finances folder. Make the following files Read-only: D:\Finances\2017report.xlsx D:\Finances\2018report.xlsx Complete this lab as follows: 1. Compress a folder as follows: a. From the taskbar, open File Explorer. b. Maximize the window for easier viewing. c. In the left pane, expand This PC. d. Select Data (D:). e. Right-click Graphics and select Properties. f. On the General tab, select Advanced. g. Select Compress contents to save disk space. h. Click OK. i. Click OK. j. Make sure Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files is selected. k. Click OK. 2. Hide a folder as follows: a. Right-click Finances and select Properties. b. Select Hidden. c. Click OK. 3. Set files to Read-only as follows: a. Double-click Finances to view its contents. b. Right-click 2017report.xlsx and select Properties. c. Select Read-only. d. Click OK. e. -
File Permissions Do Not Restrict Root
Filesystem Security 1 General Principles • Files and folders are managed • A file handle provides an by the operating system opaque identifier for a • Applications, including shells, file/folder access files through an API • File operations • Access control entry (ACE) – Open file: returns file handle – Allow/deny a certain type of – Read/write/execute file access to a file/folder by – Close file: invalidates file user/group handle • Access control list (ACL) • Hierarchical file organization – Collection of ACEs for a – Tree (Windows) file/folder – DAG (Linux) 2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) • Users can protect what they own – The owner may grant access to others – The owner may define the type of access (read/write/execute) given to others • DAC is the standard model used in operating systems • Mandatory Access Control (MAC) – Alternative model not covered in this lecture – Multiple levels of security for users and documents – Read down and write up principles 3 Closed vs. Open Policy Closed policy Open Policy – Also called “default secure” • Deny Tom read access to “foo” • Give Tom read access to “foo” • Deny Bob r/w access to “bar” • Give Bob r/w access to “bar • Tom: I would like to read “foo” • Tom: I would like to read “foo” – Access denied – Access allowed • Tom: I would like to read “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access allowed – Access denied 4 Closed Policy with Negative Authorizations and Deny Priority • Give Tom r/w access to “bar” • Deny Tom write access to “bar” • Tom: I would like to read “bar” – Access -
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard LSB Workgroup, The Linux Foundation Filesystem Hierarchy Standard LSB Workgroup, The Linux Foundation Version 3.0 Publication date March 19, 2015 Copyright © 2015 The Linux Foundation Copyright © 1994-2004 Daniel Quinlan Copyright © 2001-2004 Paul 'Rusty' Russell Copyright © 2003-2004 Christopher Yeoh Abstract This standard consists of a set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems. The guidelines are intended to support interoperability of applications, system administration tools, development tools, and scripts as well as greater uniformity of documentation for these systems. All trademarks and copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this standard provided the copyright and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this standard under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the title page is labeled as modified including a reference to the original standard, provided that information on retrieving the original standard is included, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this standard into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the copyright holder. Dedication This release is dedicated to the memory of Christopher Yeoh, a long-time friend and colleague, and one of the original editors of the FHS. -
What Is UNIX? the Directory Structure Basic Commands Find
What is UNIX? UNIX is an operating system like Windows on our computers. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops. The Directory Structure All the files are grouped together in the directory structure. The file-system is arranged in a hierarchical structure, like an inverted tree. The top of the hierarchy is traditionally called root (written as a slash / ) Basic commands When you first login, your current working directory is your home directory. In UNIX (.) means the current directory and (..) means the parent of the current directory. find command The find command is used to locate files on a Unix or Linux system. find will search any set of directories you specify for files that match the supplied search criteria. The syntax looks like this: find where-to-look criteria what-to-do All arguments to find are optional, and there are defaults for all parts. where-to-look defaults to . (that is, the current working directory), criteria defaults to none (that is, select all files), and what-to-do (known as the find action) defaults to ‑print (that is, display the names of found files to standard output). Examples: find . –name *.txt (finds all the files ending with txt in current directory and subdirectories) find . -mtime 1 (find all the files modified exact 1 day) find . -mtime -1 (find all the files modified less than 1 day) find . -mtime +1 (find all the files modified more than 1 day) find .