DOCSLIB.ORG

Role of Railway Transport in Tourism: Selected Problems and Examples in Slovakia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Role of Railway Transport in Tourism: Selected Problems and Examples in Slovakia QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 35(4) • 2016 ROLE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN TOURISM: SELECTED PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES IN SLOVAKIA DANIEL MICHNIAK Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Manuscript received: December 21, 2015 Revised version: October 4, 2016 MICHNIAK D., Role of railway transport in tourism: Selected problems and examples in Slovakia. Quaestiones Geographi- cae 35(4), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 107–120, 12 figs, 2 tables. ABSTRACT: Transport is a very important part of activities in the tourism sector. In addition to the transport of tourists to and within a destination, transport itself can be a tourist attraction. The aim of this paper is to analyse selected problems of railways in Slovakia (a decrease in the importance of railways for passenger transport in Slovakia in the past 20 years, discontinued passenger transport on certain railway tracks and the modernisation of other tracks, and zero-fare public rail transport services for certain categories of passengers), and to present good examples of the use of narrow-gauge railways for the purposes of tourism (the Tatra Electric Railways and the Kysuce-Orava Forest Railway). KEY WORDS: railway transport, zero-fare public rail transport services, narrow-gauge railways, tourism, Slovakia Daniel Michniak, Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction tracks). In the second part, narrow-gauge rail- ways in Slovakia and their use for tourist pur- There is a close relationship between trans- poses are introduced. Attention is paid to select- port and tourism. Different transport modes ed good examples of the use of railways for the have played different roles in the development development of tourism (e.g. the Tatra Electric of tourism that has changed over time. The aims Railways and the use of former forest railways of this paper are (1) to analyse selected problems for tourism – the Kysuce-Orava Forest Railway). of railways in Slovakia, and (2) to provide good examples of the use of narrow-gauge railways for the purposes of tourism. At the beginning, Relationship between transport the relationship between transport and tourism and tourism is outlined and Slovakia as a tourist destination is shortly presented. In the first part, the position of Transport is an integral part of activities in the railways and railway transport in Slovakia is as- tourism sector. Transport, together with the tour- sessed (the position of railways in Slovakia, rail- ist product (or supply) and the tourist market (or way infrastructure, the organisation of railway demand), is one of the three fundamental com- transport, zero-fare public rail transport, and the ponents of tourism. Tourism could not develop closure of passenger transport on several regional to such an extent without the development of © 2016 Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license Brought to you by | Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewiczadoi: 10.1515/ Poznan quageo-2016-0039 - Adam Mickiewicz University ISSN 0137-477X Authenticated Download Date | 4/11/17 10:24 AM 108 DANIEL Michniak transport, and most forms of tourism could not in Europe, East Asia and North America, have exist without transport (Page 2009). According invested in building high-speed railway systems to Lohmann and Duval (2011), there is a strong that have brought rail travel a better position in co-dependence between the sectors of transport the modal split. Air travel is important mainly and tourism, because transport relies on the vi- for international tourism. The expansion of low- ability and attractiveness of a destination, and cost airlines has had a significant, positive effect a destination relies on transport for visitor access. for the tourism market (Rey et al. 2011; Chung, Different roles of transport have been identified Whang 2011). Cruises include mainly various sea in terms of the movement of tourists. Transport journeys where guests can enjoy luxury and en- ensures a link between the source market (region) tertainment while moving towards their multiple and the host destination (region); it provides mo- destinations. Cruising has become a significant bility and access within a destination region or tourist industry and is concentrated mainly in the a tourist attraction, and it can itself be a tourist Caribbean and the Mediterranean (Rodrigue et experience (Hall 1999: 181). al. 2006). Each transport mode mentioned above The evolution of transport has brought about has an indispensable role in the development of reduced travel times, travel cost and number tourism. The importance of individual transport of passengers carried. According to Tolley and modes depends on the organisation of the trans- Turton (1995), four phases of transport technol- port system at local, regional, national or interna- ogy can be identified: the transition from horse tional levels. and wind power, the introduction of the steam There are many studies that deal with the rela- engine, the development of the combustion en- tionship between railway transport and tourism. gine, and the use of the jet engine. Stradling and Many scholars have studied the railway heritage Anable (2008) distinguish three methods of hu- and its importance for tourism (e.g. Halsall 2001; man transport: self-propelled modes (e.g. walk- Hörz, Richter 2011; Conlin, Bird 2014). According ing), augmented modes (using technology or to Boughey (2013), when some railway routes tools to amplify our bodily effort, such as cycling have become obsolete for transport, there is an and skiing), and fuelled modes (especially mo- opportunity to use them for the development of torised transport). tourism in the form of leisure-oriented transport, Over the recent centuries, different transport or the conservation of engineering structures or modes have been crucial accelerators of the de- sites retained for nature, general amenity, historic velopment of tourism. The building of railways environments, or contributions to the landscape. in the 19th century led to a growing number of Other authors (e.g. Masson, Petiot 2009; Delaplace people travelling as tourists, railways becom- et al. 2014) have focused on the influence of high- ing the first mass form of transport (Page 2014). speed rail on tourist attractiveness and the choice Rail travel was the dominant form of mass pub- of a tourist destination. The construction of high- lic transport before the age of the automobile speed rail leads to an improvement in destination (Rodrigue et al. 2006). In the 20th century, auto- accessibility, but also means a reinforcement of mobile transport took the dominant role in the spatial competition between tourist destinations transport of tourists. In the second half of the 20th (Masson, Petiot 2009). Prideaux (1999) points to century, air transport became a global phenome- the importance of long-distance passenger rail non responsible for the growth of tourism (Duval services as an alternative for travellers who pre- 2007). The main transport modes used in the tour- fer automobile and air transport for long-dis- ism sector at present are car travel, coach travel, tance tourism. Dallen (2007) considers the diver- rail travel, air transport, and cruises (Rodrigue et sity of passenger behaviour and attitudes among al. 2006). The main advantages of car travel are tourists and leisure visitors, and sets the research flexibility and independence. Coaches (buses) findings in the context of future railway policy are suitable for mass tourism for short-term local for sustainable transport access at tourist desti- tours (hours), but also for long-term multi-day nations. Kumar and Komaraiah (2014) stress the journeys as learning or adventure travel tours. role of railways in the promotion of tourism. The main drawback of rail travel is its rather in- Blancheton and Marchi (2013) distinguish flexible infrastructure. Several countries, mainly three systems in railway tourism, which they Brought to you by | Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza Poznan - Adam Mickiewicz University Authenticated Download Date | 4/11/17 10:24 AM ROLE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN TOURISM: SELECTED PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES IN SLOVAKIA 109 regard as a macro-system. In the first, the opera- of consumption. Copp and Ivy (2001) identify tor has a rolling stock and its own railway line at a growing trend towards the adoption of formal its disposal (tourist railway, narrow-gauge rail- networking patterns in Slovakia similar to those way, a line with tourist potential). In the second, in more developed market economies. Tourist the operator has the rolling stock at its disposal, clusters in Slovakia as a tool for the improvement but the trains come in between existing traffic op- of regional competitiveness is the main topic of erated by another organisation (a vintage train, other studies, e.g. Székely (2010, 2014) and Čuka a luxury or prestige train). In the third system, et al. (2012). Vystoupil et al. (2016) propose a new the operator acts as an intermediary that charters functional typology of tourist resorts in Slovakia. the whole or a part of a tourist train belonging to There are favourable preconditions for the the first or second systems. development of various kinds of tourism in Slovakia. It is a small country in Central Europe with 5.4 million inhabitants. The centre and north Tourism in Slovakia of the country are mountainous (the Carpathians), and in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development of Railway Transport of Chemicals in Slovakia in Relation to Adjacent Countries and Prepared Combined Transport Terminals
    ChemLog – Chemical Logistics Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe Chemical Logistics Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe Feasibility Study DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS IN SLOVAKIA IN RELATION TO ADJACENT COUNTRIES AND PREPARED COMBINED TRANSPORT TERMINALS Date: October 2010 Partner: ZVÄZ CHEMICKÉHO A FARMACEUTICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Authors: Prof. Ing. Jozef Gnap, PhD., Prof. Ing. Marián Šulgan, PhD., Prof. Ing. Jozef Majerčák, prof. Ing. Libor Ižvolt, PhD. , Doc. Ing. Jozef Gašparík, PhD., Ing. Juraj Jagelčák, PhD. , Ing. Ján Ližbetin, PhD. www.chemlog.info ChemLog – Chemical Logistics Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co‐financed by the ERDF. Any liability for the content of this publication lies with the authors. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. www.central2013.eu FEASIBILITY STUDY Chemical logistics corporation In Central and Eastern Europe FEASIBILITY STUDY Development of railway transport of chemicals in Slovakia in relation to adjacent countries and prepared combined transport terminals CHEMLOG PROJECT PARTNER ZVÄZ CHEMICKÉHO A FARMACEUTICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC PREPARED BY: Prof. Ing. Jozef Gnap, PhD., Prof. Ing. Marián Šulgan, PhD., Prof. Ing. Jozef Majerčák, PhD., prof. Ing. Libor Ižvolt, PhD., Doc. Ing. Jozef Gašparík, PhD., Ing. Juraj Jagelčák, PhD. , Ing. Ján Ližbetin, PhD. University od Žilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications October 2010 © Association of chemical and pharmaceutical industry of the Slovak republic, University of Žilina, 2010 FEASIBILITY STUDY Chemical logistics corporation In Central and Eastern Europe Content Introduction ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sociálno-Ekonomická Revue / 03 - 2017
    SOCIÁLNO-EKONOMICKÁ REVUE / 03 - 2017 Sociálno-ekonomická revue Fakulta sociálno-ekonomických vzťahov, Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne Vedecký časopis – Scientific Journal Social and Economic Revue Faculty of Social and Economic Relations Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín ISSN – 1336-3727 1 SOCIÁLNO-EKONOMICKÁ REVUE / 03 - 2017 Sociálno-ekonomická revue Social and Economic Revue Redakcia/Editorial office: Študentská 2, 911 50 Trenčín Tel.: 032/7 400 217, Fax: 032/7 400 403 URL: http://fsev.tnuni.sk/revue E-mail: [email protected] Predseda redakčnej rady / Editor-in-chief: Sergej Vojtovič – Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Slovakia Redakčná rada / Editorial board: Yuriy Bilan Alexander Dubcek University in Trenčín, Slovakia Jiří Bláha VŠB – Technical University in Ostrava, Czech Republic Štefan Hittmár Univerzity of Žilina, Slovakia Jaroslav Holomek Alexander Dubcek University in Trenčín, Slovakia Aleš Gregar Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín, Czech Republic Karol Janas Alexander Dubcek University in Trenčín, Slovakia Marie Jurová University of Technology in Brno, Czech Republic Rolf Karbach University of Applied Sciences, Zwickau, Germany Jozef Koubek University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Kramoliš Jan Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín, Czech Republic Ján Kútik Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Slovakia Ľudmila Lipková University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia Gyula Mezey University of Publc Science in Budapest, Hungary Ludmila Mládková University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Valentinas
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Research of Transport Infrastructure for Slovak Capital Demand
    European Scientific Journal February 2014 /SPECIAL/ edition vol.1 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 APPLIED RESEARCH OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SLOVAK CAPITAL DEMAND Maria Puskelova, Ing. Lubica Ondrasikova, Ing. Economics University, Slovakia Abstract Bratislava as the capital of Slovakia is very important knot in Slovak business or tourism. That is why transport infrastructure plays very important role. The increase role of green bicycle transportation and the demand for sustainable tourism require building corresponding infrastructure for urban cyclists, cycle commuters and cycle tourists. The priority of government should be to develop this industry. They should also generate pressure on private entrepreneurs operating public transportation to mind the safety of their clients. It is also related to innovation and improving the quality of services that they provide. Keywords: Tourism, transportation, disabled clients, cyclists, cycling Introduction Public transportation in developed country should be automatically supported by Municipal Corporation as well as by government. Each day it transfers thousand inhabitants and tourist. Everybody who uses public transport relies on it and expects it will be in good condition. Many tourists come to cities and towns without their own means of transport and have to rely on public transport services. These visitor are given first destination feeling through contact with railway or airport premises and then with public transport to be able to reach the chosen point. The public transportation network including cycle infrastructure in Slovakia is managed by the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development, as well as by specific cities and towns where they are or through which they pass.
    [Show full text]
  • Living and Working in Slovakia
    Living and Working in Slovakia Central Offi ce of Labour, Social Affairs and Family Living and Working European Employment Services in Slovakia SLOVAKIA SLOVAKIA Basic data ____Offi cial name: Slovak Republic ____Date of inception of the Republic: 1.1.1993 ____Form of statehood: Republic ____Political system: Parliamentary democracy ____Regional cities: Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra, Trenčín, Žilina, Banská Bystrica, Prešov, Košice ____Offi cial language: Slovak ____Capital: Bratislava (population 428 672) ____Neighbouring countries: Czech Republic, Republic of Poland, Ukraine, Republic of Hungary, Austria ____Area: 49 035 km2 ____Population: 5 379 455 ____Density: 109/km2 ____Nationalities: Slovak (85.8 %), Hungarian (9.7 %), Romany (1.7 %), Czech (0.8 %), Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish and others (2 %) ____Currency: Slovak crown (koruna), 1 SKK = 100 hellers (halier) ____Membership of international organizations: EU, NATO, OSN UNESCO, OECD, OBSE, CERN, WHO, INTERPOL, etc. ______3 WORKING IN SLOVAKIA Working in Slovakia Who can work in Slovakia? Registration procedures Free movement of workers in the EU/EEC member states is one Citizens of EU/EEC member states are entitled to have their of the fundamental rights, enabling nationals of a EU/EEC member permanent residences on the territory of the Slovak Republic. When state to work in another EU/EEC member state under the same they wish to permanently reside on the SR territory, they are obliged conditions as the citizens of that member state. to register as permanent residents, present a valid travel document and a document confi rming accommodation. Similarly, the relatives By its accession to the EU Slovakia did not introduce restrictions of of citizens of EU/EEC member states are also entitled to have their access to its labour market of any other member of the European permanent residences on the SR territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Secular Trend in Slovak Population Urges on Updates of Functional Dimensions of Furniture
    sustainability Article Positive Secular Trend in Slovak Population Urges on Updates of Functional Dimensions of Furniture Miloš Hitka 1,* ,Róbert Sedmák 2, Pavel Jošˇcák 1 and Lenka Ližbetinová 3 1 Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Business Strategy, The Institute of Technology and Economics in Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 Ceskˇ é Budˇejovice,Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-45-520-6433 Received: 17 July 2018; Accepted: 26 September 2018; Published: 28 September 2018 Abstract: The presented study is focused on the evaluation of the changes in weight and height of the adult population in Slovakia to provide updated information on the secular growth trend. The main objective was to identify and quantify the pace of gradual changes in the dimensions of the Slovak adult population, which is key ergonomic information for multiple disciplines. The measurements of weights, heights and body mass indices of the current adult population of Slovakia ranging from 26 to 94 years of age that were obtained in period 1993–2017 were compared with a sample of students studying at four Slovak universities during the same years (aged 18 to 25). The increase of mean heights was app. 0.104–0.203 cm per one year (or app. 1–2 cm per decade) for males and app. 0.031–0.178 cm per one year (or app.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Practices for Employment in Europe*
    O1 Erasmus+ Funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Good Practices for Employment in Europe* ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME CAREER PLANNING FOR TEENAGERS KA2 STRATEGIC PARTNE RSHIP COOPERATION FO R INNOVATION AND THE EXCHANGE OF GOOD PRACTICES STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION | [Project No: 2014-1-TR01-KA201-013273] *This document reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein Good Practices for Employment in Europe Career Planning for Teenagers T PROJECT PARTNERS ŞAIR ABAY KONANBAY ANADOLU LISESI, SULTANGAZI TURKEY INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE SANTARÉM, SANTARÉM PORTUGAL SPOJENÁ ŠKOLA, BRATISLAVA SLOVAKIA COLEGIUL NATIONAL "VASILE ALECSANDRI", BACĂU ROMANIA CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 EURES - Facilitating Job Mobility In Europe ...................................................................................... 6 EURES Network ...................................................................................................................................... 6 tasks of eures advisers .......................................................................................................................... 8 the european job mobility portal............................................................................................................ 8 how to find a job ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DIOMIS Slovakia
    DIOMIS Evolution of intermodal rail/road traffic in Central and Eastern Sandra Géhénot International Union of Railways Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 49 20 84 16, rue Jean Rey - F 75015 Paris Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 49 20 79 Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 49 20 20 European Countries by 2020 www.uic.org/diomis Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 49 20 29 e-mail: [email protected] www.uic.org SLOVAKIA Developing Infrastructure & Operating Models for Intermodal Shift © ETF publication - 2009 December 2009 ISBN 978-2-7461-1736-5 Warning No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or distributed by any means whatsoever, including electronic, except for private and individual use, without the express permission of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The same applies for translation, adaptation or transformation, arrangement or reproduction by any method or procedure whatsoever. The sole exceptions - noting the author’s name and the source - are “analyses and brief quotations justifi ed by the critical, argumentative, educational, scientifi c or informative nature of the publication into which they are incorporated”. (Articles L 122-4 and L122-5 of the French Intellectual Property Code). © Copyright - Paris, 2009 CONTENTS 1. Socio-economic information on Slovakia .................................1 2. Current state of intermodal rail/road traffi c in Slovakia ........ 11 2.1 - Intermodal actors ............................................................................................11 2.2 - Legal framework ............................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • National Reform Programme 2017
    Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic National Reform Programme of the Slovak Republic 2017 April 2017 Contents 1 Identification of challenges in the Slovak economy ................................................................................. 6 2 Implementing the measures under the National Reform Programme 2016 ............................................. 8 3 Macroeconomic framework and medium-term forecast ......................................................................... 16 4 Planned measures in structural topics ................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Fiscal policy and public finance ..................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Education, science, and innovations ............................................................................................. 23 4.2.1 Regional education........................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2 Tertiary schools ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.2.3 Science and research .................................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Employment and social inclusion .................................................................................................. 29 4.3.1 Employment .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of High-Standard Public Transport Centres in the Slovak Republic
    Bulletin of Geography. Socio–economic Series / No. 30 (2015): 59–70 BULLETIN OF GEOGRAPHY. SOCIO–ECONOMIC SERIES DE journal homepages: http://www.bulletinofgeography.umk.pl/ http://wydawnictwoumk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/BGSS/index http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bog ISSN 1732–4254 quarterly G Evaluation of high-standard public transport centres in the Slovak Republic Marcel Horňák1, CDFMR, Peter Struhár2, CDFR, Tomáš Pšenka3, FR 1, 3Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Human Geography and Demography, Mlynská do- lina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; 1phone: +421 260 296 641, e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author), 3phone: +421 260 296 380, e-mail: [email protected], 2Railways of the Slovak Republic, General Headquarters, Department of Traffic Control and Analysis, Klemensova 8, 813 61 Bratislava, Slovakia; phone: +421 220 297 155, e-mail: [email protected] How to cite: Horňák, M., Struhár, P. and Pšenka, T., 2015: Evaluation of high-standard public transport centres in the Slovak Republic. In: Szy- mańska, D. and Biegańska, J. editors, Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, No. 30, Toruń: Nicolaus Copernicus Universi- ty, pp. 59-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0035 Abstract. Despite of increasing volumes of individual passenger transport and Article details: growing dependence of the post-socialist societies on the passenger car, public Received: 08 September 2014 transport is still inevitable for certain communities. Its social and environmen- Revised: 03 February 2015 tal aspects are obvious reasons why public transport remains within the scope Accepted: 06 July 2015 of state and regional policies as a mixture of public and commercial services.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Distance Transport in Slovakia
    Trains vs Buses: Long-distance transport in Slovakia Marcel Horňák Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Human Geography and Demography Structure of the presentation • Initial intro: a postcommunist story • Slovakia: a small piece of land, so why long- distance transport? • Institutional incentives and deformations • Long-distance trains&buses vs Passenger car Postcommunist legacy/peculiarities (?) Still so different from the West? Pucher & Buehler 2005, Taczanowski 2012, Tomeš 2014, etc... • Closure/suspension of less-effective parts of the railway network in post-communist countries • Institutional changes, unbundling / liberalization / demonomolization of railways: new railway operators • Liberalization of bus transport: new bus operators / international operators • Growing competition: long-distance public transport still remains commercially attractive • Changing mobility patterns • Still growing position of individual mobility („car-adolescence“) Liberalization in railways network Railway carriers in passenger railway transport in Slovakia in 2017 Source: Michniak (in print) Modal split of passenger transport in selected European countries (2000-2014, %) 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 Trains Buses EU-15 Passenger cars Trains Buses Passenger cars Czech Republic 2000 Trains 2010 Buses Hungary 2014 Passenger cars Trains Buses Poland Passenger cars Trains Buses Slovakia Passenger cars Source: Eurostat We somehow fell in love with the car... 3000 Slovakia: car fleet growth
    [Show full text]
  • Slovak Republic
    Study on Strategic Evaluation on Transport Investment Priorities under Structural and Cohesion funds for the Programming Period 2007-2013 No 2005.CE.16.0.AT.014 Country Report Slovak Republic Final Client: European Commission, DG-REGIO ECORYS Nederland BV Rotterdam, September 2006 ECORYS Nederland BV P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)10 453 88 00 F +31 (0)10 453 07 68 E [email protected] W www.ecorys.com Registration no. 24316726 ECORYS Transport T +31 (0)10 453 87 59 F +31 (0)10 452 36 80 Table of contents 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Background 7 1.2 The Strategic Evaluation 8 1.3 The Country Report 8 1.4 Structure of the report 8 2 Transport Sector: current situation 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Slovak Republic 11 2.3 Situation per mode of transport 12 2.3.1 Roads and road transport 12 2.3.2 Railways 17 2.3.3 Urban transport 20 2.3.4 Inland waterway transport 21 2.3.5 Airports 21 2.3.6 Trends and indicators 23 2.4 Current Transport policy 25 2.4.1 Strategic objectives at sub-sector level 25 2.4.2 Policy issues 29 2.5 Summary 33 2.6 Conclusions: SWOT analysis transport system 35 3 Accessibility analysis 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Methodology: Accessibility Problem Indicator 37 3.3 Transport needs 38 4 Previous support programmes 44 4.1 National public funding for transport infrastructure 44 4.2 EU funding 44 4.3 Other sources of financing 45 5 National Transport Strategy 47 5.1 Introduction 47 5.2 Long term National Transport Strategy and Planning 47 5.3 Operational programme 2004-2006
    [Show full text]
  • Untrusted Political Elites and Citizens: Is It a Contradiction of the Transformation Period Or...? (Ukrainian Case) 5 TETYANA BASINA
    Collection of Papers from the 1st PhD Students´ International Conference “my-PhD” Bratislava, Slovak republic April 13.-14. 2007 Conference was organized under the auspices of Mrs. Brigita Schmögnerová, Viceprezident of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Developement, President of Proforum – Progressive Forum No proof reading has been made in this publication. The only changes carried out are in the layout and quotation form of the contributions. Editors: Martin Muránky Jozef Kovalčik Copyright © 2007 Friedrich Ebert Stiftung e. V., Slovakia and contributors of the Collection of Papers from the 1st PhD Students´ International Conference “my-PhD” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung e. V. Maróthyho 6 811 06 Bratislava, Slovak republic Tel. 00421/2/5441 1209 Fax: 00421/2/5441 1641 www.fes.sk ISBN 978 - 80 - 89149 - 12 - 4 EAN 9788089149124 2 Content Untrusted Political Elites and Citizens: is it a contradiction of the transformation period or...? (Ukrainian case) 5 TETYANA BASINA Energy crisis and its impact on policies in the new EU Member States 11 JAROSLAV BIEHUNEK The idea of social justice: the problems and perspectives in globalised Europe 25 ĽUBOŠ BLAHA Specifics of European market - Approach of Intercultural Psychology 35 MONIKA BODOROVÁ Understanding Participation and Action Research: Action Research Methodology as a Tool for Involvement of Stakeholders in Social Research 43 PETER BRONIŠ Happiness and Optimism: the attitudes of post-communist nations of Central Europe 54 RODRIGO BUGUEÑO DROGUETT Social Costs of Structural Changes: Symbolic
    [Show full text]