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Drop Kick,M 1956 v RCC1.950228.006 UNCLASSTFIED f SUMMARY OF MAJOR. EVENTS and PROBLEMS United States Army Chemical Corps (U) Fiscal Year 1959 January 1960 260003 w sew U. S. Army Chemical Corps Historical Office Army Chemical Center, Maryland SWYOF MAJm EVENTS AND AIOBLW (Reports Control Syrnbol CSHIS-6) UNITED STATES ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS Fiscal Year 1959 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is prohibited except with permission of the issuing office [I. So Army Chemical Corps Historical Office January 1960 PAGE 1 OF 1*1 - PAGES r COPY 1 OF 35 COPIES -uimm UNCLASSIFIED Page 111. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING. ............ 88 A. Administration ...................... 88 1. Thirteenth Tripartite Conference ........... 95 B. Technical Operations ................... 96 1. cs...............,.......... 96 2. Tularemia. ...................... 98 3. Yellow Fever ..................... 10 1 4. AnticropBW. ..................... 105 5. BW Spray Tests .................... 107 6. Mask, Protective, Field, M17 ............. 109 7. Gas Mask Vulcanizer, . e . , 110 8. Automatic G-Agent Alarm, e e e e . 111 9. GBSomb........~...”~........~. 112 10. PN Incendiary Mixture e e . 114 11. Burster, Incendiary, Field (M4). e . e . 116 <.::,!b, :. 12. Protection and Treatment Set M5A2. e . I . 117 -. 13. Truck-Mounted Decontaminating Apparatus. 118 14. Decontaminating Slurry Antiset e e e e a . 119 15. White Phosphorus Grenade e . * . - 120 16. Shipping Guard for the 1,000-lb. Bomb Cluster. 121 17. Carbon Monoxide Detector Kit * . e . 122 IV. MATmIEL- - a e e LI e * * e *. 123 A. Managbment and Organization. e . e . 123 1. Pr3curement and Production Capability. ........ 123 2. Organization and Management. ............. 133 B. Procurement and Production e . 144 1. Operation BLACK MAGIC. e - . 147 2. Production and Procurement Items . e . 151 a. M17 (E13) Field Protective Mask, a . e . - 151 b. Navy Mark V Gas Mask ............... 152 C. M7A1-6 Mechanized Main Armament Flame Thrower. e . 152 3. Accomplishment and Forecasts ............. 153 C. Industrial Mobilization Planning ............. 156 1. Industrial Mobilization Projects ........... 158 2. Agents Production Planning .............. 160 D. Quality Assurance. .................... 164 1. Contractor-Operated Inspection ............ 164 2. Surveillance Inspection. e . * . ~ . 165 3. Quality Control Exhibit. e e . 165 COPY 1 OF 35 COPIES UNCLASSIFIED 1 Tables Table No. Page 1. Chemical Corps Financial Summary. ............ 23 2. Chemical Corps Real Property Value. ........... 43 3. Chemical Corps Units World Wide ............. 62 4. Chemical Corps Accepted Item Procurement and Production ...................... 145 5. Chemical Corps Supply Performance ............ 166 .....,.( Abbreviations. ......................... 177 Appendix: U.S. Army Chemical Corps Assignments as of June 1959 PAGE 5 OF 181 PAGES COPY / OF 35 COPIES UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED I I I I I I I I I I I I I I:jdij I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UNCLASSIFIED I'HW I 0 c UNCLASSIFIE UNCLASSIFIED OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT CHIEF CHEMICAL OFFICER FOR PLANNING AND DOCTRINE I I I' I 1 COMBAT DEVELOPMENTS ' NlCLU\I! ACTIVITIES PLANS AND TRAINING DIVEION I DIVISION DIVISION I .. I >- Concept Org and Plans rrai ning Development Equip I Branch Branch Branch Branch I * I I CLASS I1 ACTIVITIES OF THE CHIEF CHEMICAL OFFICER -- ---- 7- -----i I---- --T U, S. ARMY CHEMICAL OORPS PAGE 46 OF 181 PAGES Chart No. 3 COPY 1 OF 35 COPIES UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PwmW!!F RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING Administration (U) The Chemical Corps' research, development, engineering, and testing activities were carried on by the Research and Developnent Command (Charts 7,9 810) and by the Engineering Command (-8 ). (3-1 1 January 1959 Col. Graydon C. Essman, Commanding Officer of the RBD Command was elevated to the rank of Brigadier General. (U) During FY 1959 the Corps received from Department of the Army and other agencies approximately 38 million dollars for R8D funds. By the end of the fiscal year it had obligated 98 percent of this. The proposed budget for FY 1960 was geared to take another jump, this one of more than three million dollars.152 (5) On 10 March 1959 the Defense Science Board approved a report pre- pared by an Ad Hoc Committee (The Reeves Committee). This report concluded, among other things, that "chemical warfare, in its present state of develop- ment, can inflict devastating casualties on unprotected personnel, both military and civilian. Biological warfare, although primarily concerned with incapacitating rather than lethal effects, can also present serious problems with respect to both types of personnelnR The report recommended that the Secretary of Defense "urge the Services to develop and establish 152 (1) Quart Rev, Apr - Jun 58, p. 90. (2) Quart Rev, Apr - Jun 59, p. 51. - W M 4s" 2 i5 Pa 1 I mz no mP cn in wo0 X rn UNCLASSIFIED m UNCLASSIFIED h z ? \o c VI * 4E UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED requirements for chemical and biological warfare weapons systems," and to take steps "to provide an appreciably increased effect on chemical and biological warfare research, particularly with respect to: (a) non-lethal agents, (b) agents not protected against by masks, and (c) effective defen- sive measures." The report also urged the development of parallel programs for RBD, War gaming, and combat development field trials, and for securing public acceptance and support for chemical and biological warfare. (S) Two days later Dr. Herbert York, Director, Defense Research and Engineering, DOD, appointed an Ad Hoc B8C Group to recommend the action that the Secretary of Defense should take to implement the recornendations of the Defense Science Board. Based upon the advice of the qroup, Dr. York briefed the Secretary of Defense and Joint Chiefs of Staff on EYd and CW. As a result of this activity the Corps, at the end of the fiscal year, looked forward to an increase in funds, and to playing a large role in the U.S. defense effort.153 (U) In May, Dugway Proving Ground received funds to construct a radioactive test facility. The first test area, planned for completion during calendar year 1959, was to be 210 yards in diameter and contaminated 153 (1) Ltr, John L, Schwab, CmlC representative to DOD Ad Hoc B8C Group, to distribution, sub: York Committee, 27 Mar 59, (2) CCCmlO, CmlC Info Memo, 10 Aug 59. (3) Presentation by Maj Gen Marshall Stubbs at AFSC, Norfolk, Va, 30 Sep 59. UNCLASSIFIED with sufficient cobalt6’ to give kp intensity of 100 roentgens per hour. Dugway planned two other fields of the same size, contaminated with cesium137 chloride, for technical experiments, and one large area of from one to ten miles square suitable for operational units to solve doctrinal and tactical problems. The Navy, Air Force, AFSWP, AEC, and Civil De6enSe were all interested in the possibility of using the facility. 154 (C) In June the Army awarded an 8 million dollar contract to Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation for the construction of a VX agent plant at the inactive Dana heavy water plant of the Atomic Energy Commission at Newport, Indiana. Shortly thereafter the Corps supplemented the contract to provide for a filling line for shells and missiles. The Corps has set a target date of July 1961 to go on stream with the plant. The Engineer- ing Command had technical supervision for the design of the VX Plant.155 (U) During FY 1959 the Corps received permission to engage in the Army’s polar research program. At Dugway a Polar Environmental Test and Research Team, consisting of an officer and two enlisted men, was estab- lished in March 1959. The Team was based at Camp Tuto, Greenland, and scheduled to start operations in Julyo The team’s first task was to lbarn 154 . ‘ -- (I),&art Hist Rpt, Dugway Proving Ground, Apr - Jun 59. (2) CmlC Info Memo, 16 Feb 59. 155 Interv, Hist Off with Mr Charles J. Helmer, hog Mgmt, ENCCM, 16 Nov 59. PAGE g4 OF 181 PAGES COPY , 1 OF 35 COPIES UNCLASSIFIED if a number of Chemical Corps items could be stored and per: ed in a polar environment. 156 Thirteenth Tripartite Conference , (S) During the period 15 - 26 September 1958 the Thirteenth Tri- partite Conference on Toxicological warfare, between the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, was held in Canada. Col. Graydon Essman headed the US. delegation. The three nations agreed on several major points, including the following: (a) research should be continued on organophos- phorus compunds, specifically in areas where there is a possibility of marked enhancement in speed of action and resistance to treatment; (b) all three countries should concentrate on the search for incapacitating and new type lethal agents; (c) high priority should be given to improved prophylaxis and therapy of anticholinesterase poisoning; (d) work should be continued on Bw warning devices; (e) studies should be continued on aerosols. The conferees planned to hold the Fourteenth Con€erence at Army Chemical Center, Maryland, 14 - 26 September 1959.157 156 (l)-Quart Hi6t Rpts, Dugway Proving Ground, Jan - Mar 59, Apr - Jun 59. (2) CCTC Item 3597, The Chemical CorpsD Polar Research Pro- gram for CY 1959, 30 Jun 59. 157 CmlC Info Memo, 5 Mar 59. PAGE 95 OF 181 PAGES COPY 1 OF 35 COPIES UNCLASSIFIED Technical (herations -CS (C) In FY 1959 the Corps added another compound, o-chloro-baozll malononitrile, symbol CS, to its list of irritant agents. The military story of CS goes back to 1956 when the British War Office established a requirement for a new riot control agent. Previously the British and the Americans had depended largely upon chloracetophenone, CN, because of its lachrymatory properties, low cost, and ease of dispersion. The disadvan- tage of CN in riot control, as the British and Americans learned in Korea and the British again on Cyprus and 2t other places, was that it would not drive back fanatical rioters.
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