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Mid-Tertiary, Gravity-Induced Deformation in Happy Valley, Pima and Cochise Counties, Arizona

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Mid-Tertiary, Gravity-Induced Deformation in Happy Valley, Pima and Cochise Counties, Arizona Mid-tertiary, gravity-induced deformation in Happy Valley, Pima and Cochise Counties, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Frost, Eric G. (Eric George), 1949- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 12:38:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555093 MID-TERTIARY, GRAVITY-INDUCED DEFORMATION IN HAPPY VALLEY, PIMA AND COCHISE COUNTIES, ARIZONA by Eric George Frost A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: TVC- 12, ( V R GEORGE H. DAVIS Date Associate Professor of Geosciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to thank members of the faculty in the Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, for their support and guidance during this project. Professors Evans B. Mayo and Peter J. Coney read the manuscript and offered many helpful suggestions. Dr. George H. Davis provided inspiration and guidance as thesis advisor. The warm encouragement and concern of Dr. and Mrs. Davis are very much appreciated. The writer is indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Ray and Gay Watkins of Happy Valley, Arizona, on whose land this study was largely conducted. The writer is grateful for their friendliness and cooperation throughout the field study. M. Shafiqullah and Paul Damon of The University of Arizona kindly provided a potassium-argon date for which the writer is very grateful. M/ Shafiqullah was particularly helpful in sample preparation and data interpretation. This project would not have been possible without the support and friendship of Richard and Judith Knapp. They provided not only field vehicles and library assistance, but also gracious hospitality and con­ tinued concern and love during the course of this study. The writer is deeply thankful to them. The completion of this project would have been impossible without the love and support of the writer's wife, Nancy Garrison Frost. Her iii iv gentleness, encouragement, and understanding made this study more than just the fulfillment of a requirement. Finally, the writer would like to praise God for the exquisite beauty of this portion of His world. The spectacular deformation seen around the Rincon Mountains is a priceless gift from Him. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .............................................. vi ABSTRACT .......................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .......... 1 LITHOLOGIC UNITS .................................................. 7 Granitic-Gneissic Rocks ....................................... 7 Rincon Valley Granodlorite ................................... 10 Sedimentary and Hetasedimentary Rocks . ....................... 11 FOLDING ..................................... 15 Fold Orientations and Asymmetries ....... .............. 18 Slip-Line Direction ............................................ 26 Megascopic Folding ............................................ 32 PEGMATITES ..................... 38 METAMORPHISM AND STRUCTURAL PETROLOGY...................... 42 INTERPRETATION .................................................... 51 Folding and Transposition ..................................... 53 M e t a m o r p h i s m .................................................. 55 Age of Deformation within Metamorphic R o c k s ................... 60 Rincon Valley Granodlorite ........................... .... 62 Mountainward Folding .......................................... 66 Increased Ductility Model ............ 68 Intrastratal Flow M o d e l ................................. 69 Model for Tripartite Stacking................................. 73 SUMMARY...................... 78 REFERENCES ................................. 81 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Overview of the Rincon-Santa Catalina-Tortolita Granitic-Gneissic Complex ............................. 2 2. Generalized Geologic Map of a Portion of the Happy Valley Quadrangle (Modified from Drewes, 1 9 7 4 ) ............ 4 3. View Looking West over Happy Valley with the Rincon Granitic-gneissic Complex (Mica Mountain) on the S k y l i n e ....................................... 6 4. Small-Scale Folds Developed within the Bear Creek Domain ................................................ 16 5. Brown Calc-Silicate Layers in Lighter Color Marble Displaying Excellent Exposure of the Fold Hinges . 17 6. Isoclinal Folds of Siliceous Beds in Marble Typical of Many of the Folds within the Bear Creek D o m a i n ................................................ 17 7. Open Fold Formed by a Buckling P r o c e s s ................... 19 8. Near Similar Folding within Happy Valley Rocks which are nearly Devoid of Calc-Silicate Layers or Siliceous Interbeds ........................... .... 19 9. Lower Hemisphere, Equal Area Plots of 288 Folds from the Bear Creek D o m a i n ................................. 20 10. Z-Shaped Fold Overturned toward the Mountain Mass and Typical of Most of the Folds in the Bear Creek Domain ....................... 22 11. A Portion of the Southern Canyon Wall in the Bear Creek Domain Illustrating the Intensity of Deformation by Mountainward Folding and Transposition .......................................... 23 12. Once Continuous Bed which was Folded and then T r a n s p o s e d ............................................ 24 vi vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued Figure Page 13. Small-Scale Example of Mountainward Asymmetry Folding Followed by Disruption and Attenuation of the B e d ............................................ 27 14. Inferred Slip-Line Direction Based Solely on the Fold Axes Maximum for the Bear Creek Domain ...... 29 15. Inferred Slip-Line Direction Indicated by Folds of Opposing Asymmetries within the Bear Creek D o m a i n ................................................ 30 16. Mica Mountain, from which the Rocks of the Bear Creek Domain Appear to have Originated ................ 31 17. Cross-Section through the Bear Creek Domain Showing Large-Scale Folding and Transposition of the Metasediments .......................................... 33 18. Transposition Zone in the South-Facing Wall of Bear Creek Showing Mountainward Folding between Upper and Lower Limbs of the Transposed An t i f o r m ............ 35 19. Large Pegmatite 3 Km East of the Bear Creek D o m a i n ..................................... .. 40 20. Pegmatite within Marble in the Bear Creek D o m a i n ........ 40 21. Zone near the Base of the Bear Creek Plate Charac­ terized by Extremely Well Developed S^Surfaces .... 47 22. Photomicrograph Showing Boudinage of Diopside and Diopside-Quartz Layers .......... 48 23. Photomicrograph Showing Twin Lamellae in Deformed D i o p s i d e .............................................. 48 24. Deformed Marble near the Top of the Bear Creek Plate Consisting of Alternating Layers of Quartz and Carbonate.......................................... 49 25. Tripartite Stacking Seen in Happy Valley (Looking East-Southeast)............. .......................... 52 26. Boudinage of Calc-Silicate Layering Indicating that Deformation Occurred after the Climax of Metamorphism 57 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued Figure Page 27. Flowage of Marble and Brittle Deformation of Calc- Silicate L a y e r s ..................................... 58 28. Flowage of Marble around Boudins Indicating Ductile Behavior of Marble during Deformation ........ 58 29. Large, Basinward Asymmetry Folding at Gneiss Contact . 67 30. One of Ramberg's (1967, p. 108) Models Illustrating the Deformation of Mantling Rocks above a Domal U p l i f t .............................................. 72 31. Schematic Cross-Section of How Large-Scale Mountain- ward Asymmetry Folding and Transposition May Have Produced the Tripartite Stacking in Happy Valley . 75 Plates 1. Cross-sectional, Geologic Map (Part I) of a Portion of the Bear Creek Domain in Happy Valley, Pima County, A r i z o n a ............................. In pocket 2. Cross-sectional, Geologic Map (Part II) of a Portion of the Bear Creek Domain in Happy Valley, Pima County, Arizona . ..............................In pocket ABSTRACT Deformation in Happy Valley near Tucson, Arizona, has been in­ terpreted as a superposition of regional Laramide thrusting and local mid-Tertiary gravity gliding. An assessment of the relative roles of these tectonic processes was made
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