1940 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8513 Frame Shontz, Conneaut Lake. the majesty. Now, therefore, we thank Thee and praise Thy Foster W. Haverley, Covington. glorious name. Heavenly Father, the hour is dark, the peril Rosa V. Hawk, Cresco. is great; may the dawn soon come; lead us into that quiet­ William K. Wrigley, Curwensville. ness and hopefulness which are the strength of life. 0 King Faye M. Slavin, Eldred. eternal, the wings of the brave, defending eagle have drooped Walter M. Bauscher, Fleetwood. and he can no longer battle with the storm; his heart is tired Margaret M. Kavanagh, Fort Washington. and fainting, but is undaunted still. A people that so long Carolyn T. Foulk, Gap. glowed with passions of right and justice is helpless and now P. Louise Brant, Garrett. contemplates its problems on the cruel anvil of defeat. 0 Adam L. Winters, Holtwood. God of mercy, while the chivalrous soldier and the broken­ Margaret Clifford Schandel, Jefferson. hearted homeless, mocked by their melting hopes, die with­ -Claude McCarty, Leola. out realizing their tantalizing visions of home and rest, oh, Ramsey P. Williamson, Liverpool. grant that their enrichment may be fully realized in an ever­ Joseph G. Weakland, Meyersdale. lasting inheritance. Through these perilous and arduous Layton A. Wallace, Nicholson. days, be Thou the constant guide and support of our Presi­ William R. Kimble, Nottingham. dent. By quiet thought, quiet duty, quiet energy, and by S. Burton Flickner, Point Ma.rion. quiet prayer, steel upon us as a people and arm us to crusade Paul H. Shaak, Sheridan. for the redemption of man. In the name of the Prince of Morris A. Shappell, Shoemakersville. Peace. Amen. Michael F. Doran, Spangler. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and James H. Stewart, Tarentum. approved. Percy W. Walker, Thompson. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE LeRoy R. Herman, Topton. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Frazier, its legislative Charles S. Shaw, Waterford. clerk, announced that the Senate had passed without amend­ Catherine W. Stevenson, Waverly. ment a bill of the House of the following title: Thomas M. Hiester, Wernersville. . H. R. 9117. An act to eliminate the tax on brandy and wine TENNESSEE spirits used in the fortification of wine; to increase the tax on Charles C. Gore, Livingston. wine; to compensate for the loss of revenue occasioned by the elimination of the tax on brandy and wine spirits used in the VERMONT fortification of wine; and for other purposes. Edward J. Owens, Barre. The message also announced that the S3nate had passed a Cornelius Buckley, Barton. joint resolution of the following title, in which the concur­ Forrest E. Allen, Bradford. rence of the House is requested: James J. Ransehousen, Bridgewater. S. J. Res. 271. Joint resolution approving nonrecognition Patrick Mahoney, Burlington. of the transfer of any geographic region in the Western Hem­ Margaret H. Walsh, Concord. isphere from one non-American power to another non-Amer­ Albert A. LaFrance, Derby Line. ican power, and providing for consultation with other Amer­ Maria B. Depatie, Enosburg Falls. ican republics in the event that such transfer should appear Raymond P. Streeter, Franklin. likely. Robert F. Pierce, Lyndonville. EXTENSION OF REMARKS William H. Moriarty, Northfield. Mr. CROWE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Alice G. Sheehan, North Troy. extend my remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD and to in­ Helen F. McKenna, Norwich. clude therein a clipping from the Washington Evening Star. William Harbutt, Putney. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Harold J. Sheehan, Richmond. gentleman from Indiana? Isabel Neary, Shelburne. There was no objection. Lyman W. Sheldon, South Londonderry. ADDITIONAL CLERICAL SERVICES IN THE ENROLLING ROOM George M. Goodrich, South Royalton. Healy J. Bashaw, Stowe. Mr. WARREN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a privileged resolu­ James P. Gilfeather, West Rutland. tion from the Committee on Accounts and ask for its imme­ diate consideration. VIRGINIA The Clerk read as follows: Mortimer E. Payne, Sharps. House Resolution 532 WASHINGTON Resolved, That there shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House of Representatives during the remainder of the pres­ Vern V. Edwards, Greenacres. ent session not exceeding $200 for additional clerical services in WEST VIRGINIA the enrolling room. Roscoe B. Holmes, Raleigh. The resolution was agreed to. WYOMING A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES OF THE HOUSE James B. Harston, Cowley. Hazel E. Moore, Edgerton. Mr. WARREN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a further privileged Francis R. Peck, Glenrock. resolution. Mark N. Hanna, Lingle. The Clerk read as follows: Nellie P. Hopkins, Rawlins. House Resolution 533 Bertha I. Frolander, Sundance. Resolved, That commencing July 1, 1940, the Olerk of the House be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of the contingent fund of the House, until otherwise provided by law, additional compensation per annum, payable monthly, to certain HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employees of the House, as follows: To the Assistant Parliamentarian the sum of $240; and $750 so TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 1940 long as the position is held by the present incumbent to be in addition to that now provided by law during the present incum­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. bency; The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., of­ To the messenger to Speaker's table, $660 so long as the position is held by the present incumbent; fered the following prayer: To the stenographer and typewriter, in the office of the Sergeant Hear Thou our prayer, 0 Lord, from Thy dwelling place, at Arms, the sum of $700. even from heaven; and when Thou hearest, forgive: Thine, The re~olution was agreed to. 0 Lord, is the greatness and the power and the _g~Ol'~ and A motion to reconsider was laid on the tableL 8514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 ASSISTANT CLERK TO COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS be that the President of the United States and his advisers Mr. WARREN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a further privileged were made cognizant of the threatening situation. This resolution. being true the administration cannot escape responsibility The Clerk read as follows: for the presently admitted woefully unprepared condition of House Resolution 531 this country. If the President did not know, then he re­ Resolved, That, effective July 1, 1940, there shall be paid out of tains advisers which events have convicted as incompetent. the contingent fund of the House, until otherwise provided by law, If he did know, then he has lulled the country into a false compensation at the rate of $2,460 per annum for the services of and dangerous content and failed through a false political an assistant clerk to the Committee on Claims. Such employment expediency to exhibit that degree of courage the people of shall be in lieu of an assistant clerk to said committee at the rate ·of $1 ,740, as provided in the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, the United States have a right to demand of a President 1941. in these hours of world peril. [Applause.] With the following committee amendment: SITTING OF NAVAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE DURING SESSIONS OF HOUSE Strike out, in line 1, the words "July 1, 1940" and substitute the Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous words "January 1, 1941." consent that the Committee on Naval Affairs may be per­ The committee amendment was agreed to. mitted to sit during the sessions of the House today and The resolution was agreed to. tomorrow, A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. MURDOCK of Utah. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my mvn remarks in the RECORD and to in­ Mr. ALLEN of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ clude therein a column appearing in last night's Star. mous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the include therein a radio address delivered by me. gentleman from Utah? The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. There was no objection. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I have two unanimous­ Mr. EDWIN A. H~. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include consent requests. I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the therein a recent editorial from the Oneonta News. RECORD by inserting a speech I made at the world's fair on The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. June 16, on Father's Day. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. GEARHART. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein gentleman from New York? an editorial written by the American Legion commander, There was no objection. Mr. Raymond J. Kelly. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I also ask unanimous con­ The SPEAKER. Is ·there objection? sent to extend my remarks in the RECORD by including a There was no objection. speech I made at the Astor Hotel, before the Non-Sectarian Mr. THORKELSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ Anti-Nazi League, to champion human rights, with certain sent to extend my remarks and to include an editorial from excerpts. the New York Herald Tribune, and quotations from Wash­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ington newspapers. gentleman from New York? The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. There was no objection. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ sent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include sev­ ceed for one-half minute. eral letters from constituents and residents of Minnesota. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection? gentleman from Georgia? There was no objection. There was no objection. AMERICAN SCHOOL ARMY Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from California Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to [Mr. GEYER] has for several months, through his extensions proceed for 1 minute. of remarks in the RECORD, been attacking certain States of The SPEAKER. Is there objection? the South because of the poll tax. He paid his respects to There was no objection. Mississippi on yesterday. The gentleman reminds me, Mr. Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I have just introduced a bill Speaker, of what Mr. Disraeli once said of Mr. Kremlin, to establish and maintain an American school army, and to "He is distinguished for his ignorance, for he has but one organize and equip an American reserve army. I am taking idea and that is wrong." [Laughter.] this opportunity particularly to call the attention of the Mr. ALLEN of Tilinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Members of the House to the bill, because it will not only consent to proceed for 1 minute. in no way interfere with our present program for immediate The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the preparedness, but this is the idea that Woodrow Wilson re­ gentleman from Tilinois? ferred to as the long look ahead for American preparedness. There was no objection. At a later date I shall discuss the matter before the House. Mr. ALLEN of lllinois. Mr. Speaker, I am holding in The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Illinois my hand the Congressional Directory. On pages 496 and has expired. 497, under Foreign Service of the United States, you will find THE SESSION OF CONGRESS the names of tl_le United States personnel assigned to Ger­ Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to many. It lists 72 major officeholders. Included in this proceed for 1 minute and to extend in the Appendix of the list are the names of a lieutenant colonel and two majors REcORD a recent editorial from the Joplin News Herald. of the United States Army as military attaches. Also are The SPEAKER. Is there objection? listed two commanders, two lieutenant commanders, and two There was no objection. lieutenants of the United States Navy, as naval attaches. In the light of events it is pertinent to ask, and the Ameri­ Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, this morning I received the can people are entitled to know, whether these official and following telegram from Marshfield, Mo.: technically trained representatives were either unaware of Congressman DEWEY SHORT, Washington, D. C.: what Hitler has been doing for the past few years, or know­ Webster County Post, No. 142, the American Legion, feels that ing, were derelict in reporting the facts to this Government. Congress should remain in session during this emergency, whicll is Knowing the efficiency and devotion of these representatives, greater now than when the Legion national convention made the I do not believe they were derelict in their duty. It must request last fall. BURLEY JusTIS, Commander. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 8515 Mr. Speaker, this message merely voices the almost unani­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? mous opinion of the American people. Naturally the Mem­ There was no objection. bers of Congress want to adjourn and go home for a little Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, the President's proposal for an vacation, to visit family and friends in the campaign for economic cartel to control the sale of the products of the reelection, but public duty should come before personal American Continent is just another of the crackpot and cock­ pleasure in this crisis, and any Member of. Congress who votes eyed New Deal experiments. to adjourn to go home at this particular time should be If Germany and Italy win the war they will control all nf allowed by the voters to remain home when they go to the continental Europe, with a population of over 250,000,000. polls this fall. [Applause.] These nations will trade with South American countries or The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. any nations they want to on the best possible terms. CONDITION OF THE TREASURY President Roosevelt must have succumbed to the war hys­ Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro- teria that he has helped to spread by his warlike speeches. ceed for 1 minute and to extend my remarks in the RECORD. Germany uses the barter system, not through choice but be­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? cause she has no more gold or foreign exchange. This is There was no objection. true now of most European nations. President Roosevelt is Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, where are you going to get the largely responsible because of his fantastic New Deal ·folly of money? When I take the Treasury statement of June 11 purchasing foreign gold at $35 an ounce, or at· twice the cost I find that we are $3,511,500,000 in the red. You are spend­ of production. We now own 75 percent of the gold in the ing and spending and spending more and more-over world, which serves no useful purpose, but interferes seriously $7,000 a minute in the red-and it seems to me to be a song with world trade. that ought to be sung here by many Members of Congress, The proposed American trade cartel will be another fiasco, to stop the waste and extravagance of this Government. like the gold-purchasing experiment. [Applause.] You are appropriating and appropriating more and more [Here the gavel fell.] money, and nothing has been said by the administration EXTENSION OF REMARKS about cutting down the regular operating expenses of the Mr. KRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Government. Why not have an economically operated Gov­ extend my remarks and to include an address by Louis John­ ernment and not an extravagantly operated Government? son, Assistant Secretary of War, at Charlottesville, Va. If you continue on with this preparation of war, how are The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. you going to maintain your battleships, and how are you There was no objection. going to maintain the Army, and how are you going to main­ SECOND DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL tain your air force, if you have no money to operate them Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia, from the Committee on AP­ with? They will amount to nothing in the hands of this propriations, reported the bill (H. R. 10104, Rept. No. 2597) administration because you will have nothing with which to making appropriations to supply deficiencies in certain ap­ maintain them. propriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, and prior . The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Penn­ fiscal years, to provide supplemental appropriations for the sylvania has expired. fiscal years ending June 30, 1940, and June 30, 1941, and for HARRY BRIDGES . other purposes, which was read a first and second time and, Mr. ROUTZOHN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent with the accompanying report, referred to the Committee ·of to proceed for 1 minute. the Whole House on the state of the Union and ordered to be The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. printed. There was no objection. Mr. TABER reserved all points of order on the bill. [Mr. RouTZOHN addressed the House. His remarks appear Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that the in the Appendix of the RECORD. J House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House EXTENSION OF REMARKS on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill By unanimous consent, Mr. BENDER and Mr. ScHULTE were H. R. 10104; and pending that, I ask unanimous consent that granted permission to extend their own remarks in the general debate on the bill be limited to 45 minutes on each side, the time to be controlled one-half by the gentleman RECORD. Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to from New York [Mr. TABER] and one-half by myself. Mr. TABER. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, extend my remarks and that I may be permitted to include I think we should have an hour on a side. certain brief excerpts. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. - Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I modify the request, Mr. Speaker, to make it 1 hour on a side. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. JOHNSON of illinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous gentleman from Virginia? consent to extend my remarks and include therein a radio There was no objection. address by Mr. Hibbin on the subject of the dairy-products The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the industry. gentleman from Virginia. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? The motion was agreed to. There was no objection. Mr. SECREST. Mr. Speaker, on December 17, 1939, the Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee Chesterfield monthly meeting of Friends was held at Chester­ of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the con­ hill, Ohio. At that meeting these substantial and loyal sideration of the bill H. R. 10104, the second deficiency ap­ propriation bill, with Mr. BLAND in the chair. Americans issued a statement which I ask unanimous con­ By unanimous consent the first reading of the bill was sent to have inserted in the RECORD as an extension of my dispensed with. remarks. _Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the self 5 minutes. gentleman from Ohio? Mr. Chairman, this is the second deficiency appropriation There was no objection. bill, the usual clean-up bill for emergency items that must be Mr. DISNEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to gotten in by July 1, the beginning of the next fiscal year. extend my own remarks and include a short article. The amount carried in the bill is $57,917,100.39, with au­ The SPEAKER. Is there o.bjection? thorizations aggregating $6,900,000, and the bill is $3,225,- There was no objection. 646.67 less than the Budget estimates. TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH SOUTH AMERICA The report and bill are available and contain a very full Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ statement of the items in the bill, and unless there is some dress the House for 1 minute. special item that some Member wishes to question me about, 8516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 I will let the debate proceed and wait until we come to the The following is the table: 5-minute rule. Department and amount approved I yield back the balance of my time. Agriculture and Farm Credit ______$922,911,213.00 Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, this bill calls for a total of Independent Offices------1,120,240,523.00 about $57,900,000 and is brought in $2,225,000 below the State------­ 20,125,500.00 Justice------41,323,000.00 Budget. Judiciary ______~------11,792,000.00 With the advent of this bill in the House and its prospec­ ~-easurY------­ 218,752,000. 00 tive passage this afternoon the total· appropriations made by Post Office------­ 814,049,062.00 NavY------Interior ______1,302,014,038.00 this Congress, including permanent appropriations, aggre­ 137,256,834.00 gate approximately $15,369,000,000 made since this Congress CivilMilitary Functions------______------_ 223,636,517.00 convened the first of January. Some of these items are for 1,500,424,988.00 Labor-Federal Security_------1,023,282,690.00 things that we could get along without, and for projects Legislative ------23,707,520.00 that, in these times, we could do without. Emergency supplemental (spent)------252,340,776.00 There has been more of a spirit of striving to cut out Urgent deficiencY------­ 57,541,300.00 First deficiency------92,035,408.00 useless · and needless projects in connection with this bill Relief and work relief______1,111,754,916.00 than there has been in most of the others. I hope that spirit Supplement to national defense ______1,381,917,147.00 will continue and develop as we approach more serious Second deficiencY------57,917,100.39 problems in the days that are to come, because almost every Total--~------11,346,931,032.39 dollar that we can rake and scrape together is going to be Permanent appropriations (mostly interest)---- 2, 195, 524,640.00 needed. for national defense. Trust funds------1,826,603,150.00 With reference to this bill there are only a few items Grand totaL ______15, 369, 058, 822. 39 that are of large size that have been given consideration that NoTE.-The above figures are the amount of annual general raise the appropriations above those carried in the regular fund appropriations contained in all bills except the District of bills. Amongst the most important of those are the ones Columbia. The District of Columbia bill amounts to $49,697,890 for immigration and naturalization work. There we have in its latest stage. Of the-foregoing totals, trust funds appropria­ tions of $2,195,524,640 and permanent and special fund appropria­ carried an addition of $1,500,000 approximately for the im­ tions of $1,826,603,150 are estimated by the Budget for appropria­ migration border patrol. With conditions such as they are tion in the fiscal year 1941. almost no one would want to take the position that we I believe with this short statement I shall conclude my ref­ should not carry this increased service at the present time. erence to the bill. At this stage of the legislative situation we The border situation has developed to the point where our still have pending the agricultural appropriation bill, the War country is requiring passports from those coming in. This Department civil functions appropriation bill, the Labor and means a great deal more work and a great deal more accu­ Federal Security appropriation bills, the appropriation for the racy, in that work. national-defense measure passed last week, the relief bill, and There is a very considerable item for increased clerical this deficiency bill. This makes a total of six appropriation and administrative help in the Naturalization Service. A bills that must be disposed of by legislative action before this_ tremendous number of people have decided that they wish Congress is ready to c_ease its labors for the time being for to be naturalized now that world conditions are so upset. this session. It is exceedingly important that none be admitted w:qo are· Let me say also that this bill marks the fifth bill of a defi­ not fit to be admitted, and probably it is necessary that we ciency type that has come before this Congress in this session. dispose of these applications which have increased. two- or This is probably one of the highest records we have had. three-fold. in the last ·6 months. I was talking last Friday Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time. with a - New York City-district judge who s_tated that he_ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the would have as high as 500 of these applicants coming before gentleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON] such time as he may· him in a single day. · · desire. Perhaps the most serious thing with which we have to Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I think there will not be contend is people within our own borders who need atten-· . much controve:rsy . over the . items in the appropriations bill tion. I hope that when that bill which was reported to the which we are considering today, so I would like to take the House yesterday shall be passed by the House a1;1d the Senate liberty of speaking· in a rather general way, . that the F. B. I. will be able to take care and identify more_ Our Nation· today is facing one of the most difiicult and of those who really should not be here, and keep track of them. - · critical eras in all its history. Our people realize, even as o:mcials in washington charged more directly with the re­ There will be but a few items of contest in the bill. I sponsibility of guiding the Nation through these perilous days think those will be better left for consideration when they realize, the graveness of our situation in relation to other are reached in the reading of the bill. Almost all of the nations of the world, so many of which are torn by the situation is deficiencies with the exception of the Immigra­ tragedy of war. Congress has been working almost day and tion Service and a few items of that kind. There are one night on the many problems of national defense, and I hope or two: There is the Alaska crab investigation, $100,000; and trust that every Member of this House has placed the there is the item for the transportation of gold. If we security of our Nation, and the preservation of those principles would stop the buying of gold, as we should, we would be rid for which it has always stood, first in his consideration during of that difficulty and the need of transporting a lot of gold these last weeks of great crisis. My own work as a member into the interior of the country. There are a few things of of the House Appropriations Committee and a member of the that kind where we could save money, if we set out to do so, War Department subcommittee handling the problem of pro­ and I hope that when there is an opportunity to do some­ viding funds for the defense program and our heavy schedule thing of that kind we may be able to save a dollar. here in the House itself have given me only meager time to In connection with what I say today I am going to place a reply to the hundreds of earnest letters and telegrams which statement in the RECORD, which I have prepared in the form I have received from friends throughout my district who are of a table showing the appropriations for the different anxiously interested in some aspect of our defense program. departments, the permar.ent appropriations so far this ses­ The emergency demands that Members of Congress stay at sion, giving as far as I can an up-to-date picture and the their post of duty in Washington. I propose that we stay on latest figure with reference to each bill. It is rather difiicult the job and disregard . all other considerations, political or to keep up with them, and probably I might be a day behind personal. Our country comes first. on some of them and not be quite high enough, but I hope Although we have much cause for alarm, we have many this table will be of help to the Members. reasons to rejoice. Indeed. there is something happening 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8517 in America that ought to thrill the heart of everyone who of the Government in this campaign against those guilty of loves his country. I refer to the growing spirit of patriotism un-American activities. Already results are being achieved, among our people. On every hand there is evidence of a but the real task is just beginning. revival of the true spirit of Americanism. Those who had Only when we have annihilated our enemies from within forgotten the :flag and what it meant, and what it means, are will it be possible for us to have an effective national-defense reawakening to a new realization of its meaning. Those who program. Real national defense contemplates a program of have been indifferent when the :flags and "isms" of other unity at home and the speedy expansion of our Army, Navy, countries have been praised and advocated in this Nation and Air Corps, correlated in such a way with all the instru­ now are proclaiming .the rediscovered majesty of Old Glory. ments of national defense that the greatest effectiveness They see a new vigor in the red, the white, and the blue. In may be secured. Last year we appropriated more than a their hearts they are saying with the poet- billion and a half dollars for national defense. This year we There's no other land like. my land, have already appropriated about $5,000,000,000. Beneath the shining sun. In my judgment, there will be additional appropriations There's no other flag like my flag In all the world-not one. for national defense before the adjournment of this Con­ One land, one tongue, one people I gress. Every true American has cause to rejoice over the To one flag, loyal, true, unity of our people--over the determination of our people No red shall wave o'er my fair land Without the white and blue. that the national-defense program must and· shall go for 4 ward speedily without red tape and indecision. So, in a The new spirit of loyalty. to our own country goes hand world of trouble. and danger there is yet cause for Americans in hand with the determination among all true Americans to rejoice. The task before us is great, but success is ours that the enemy aliens, the followers of false and foreign if we are willing to pay the price in sacrifice and effort. isms, the so-called "fifth columnists," shall be uprooted There is every evidence that our people are measuring up to and banished from the land. This rising tide of indigna­ the demands of the hour. The prayer which Irving Berlin tion toward people who live in this country but who are wrote in 1938 and which Kate Smith has made famous can disloyal to our institutions is of the greatest significance well be the prayer today of all those who owe their allegiance and importance to our future. to the Stars and Stripes. Unfortunately, in the past in seeking to be tolerant, we God bless America, have permitted the enemy within the gates to grow into Land that I love, what is now a serious threat to our stability as a Nation. Stand beside her and guide her Had we failed to recognize this danger from within, I can Through the night with a light from above; visualize the destruction of the morale of our people and From the mountains, to the prairies, To the oceans white with foam, the perpetuity of our Nation. But since we have recog­ God bless America, nized the problem and since our people are aroused over My home sweet home. the issue, I have every confidence in our capacity to deal promptly, decisively, and effectively with the problem. Mr. [Applause.] Speaker, nothing short of complete annihilation of these Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes enemies within the gates will suffice. I rejoice that the to the gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH]. American people are alert to the dangers from within and Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I believe I can move to strike that the Members of Congress are going forward with a out the last word when the bill is being considered under the program of action. The American people have always re­ 5-minute rule and discuss what I have in mind. I wanted to sponded in the hour of emergency, and it is gratifying to take up and discuss the appropriation for transportation of know that they still rise in their might in the hour of need. gold out to Fort Knox. This bill carries an appropriation in To put it bluntly, our citizens will not tolerate the existence excess of $1,000,000 to transport $8,000,000,000 of gold. of a "fifth column" in this country. Mr. STEFAN. It carries an appropriation .of over a million A couple of years ago we created in the House of Represen­ and a half dollars. To be exact, it is $1,608,000. It is to go tatives the so-called Dies committee and instructed this com­ by mail. mittee to investigate Uri-American activities. That commit­ Mr. FISH. An appropriation of a million and a half dollars tee has caught the imagination of the American people. The to transport $8,000,000,000 worth of gold to be buried out \n facts which have been brought out have been given wide pub­ Fort Knox. I consider the purchase of gold at $35 an ounce, licity through the press, and it would be impossible to exag­ which ·is twice the cost of production, and when we buy it gerate the wholesome influences which have been generated by from Soviet Russia at three times the cost of production, to be the committee. Upon about three occasions we have voted by the greatest of all New Deal fiascos and a senseless proposi­ an overwhelming majority to appropriate money for the con­ tion to impoverish America and enrich foreign countries. tinuation of the committee, and I am proud to have had a But I prefer to let that discussion go over until the proper part in supporting a movement in Congress which has focused time~ the attention of all America on the dangers which confront At this time I desire to make certain observations. There our country from within. was some discussion in the committee, I believe, about an Just last week we provided 500 additional agents for the appropriation of $1,000,000 to be placed in the hands of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who are charged with the duty Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Wallace, in order to make an of assisting the Department of Justice and other agencies of extensive survey of South America to ascertain the most the State and national governments in stamping out un­ available land on which to grow rubber. I am informed by American activities. This increases the number of F. B. I. the Secretary of Agriculture that there are 23,000,000 acres agents to about 1,500. In this bill we increase the personnel available on which to grow rubber in South America. This of our Immigration Service, particularly because of the situa­ should have been done 30 years ago, but as a matter of na­ tion along the Mexican border. tional defense it ought to be done now. Even some of our I advocate the immediate passage of pending legislation to leading columnists, such as Walter Lippmann, have indicated fingerprint and investigate the activities of all aliens. Every that we ought to go into the European war because we may enemy alien ought to be deported at once, our immigration be shut off from our rubber and tin. supply. I do not believe laws must be strengthened, and every effort made, and made we could spend a million dollars to better advantage for promptly, to remedy a situation whicJ:l we all recognize as national defense, for the interest of our country, and for the serious. employment of American labor than to turn a million dollars I believe the overwhelming majority of the people of this over to the Secretary of Agriculture to make an extensive Nation are ready to support every official in the fight against survey to find out the best located land, the situation with this so-called "fifth column." I have called upon the Depart­ reference to ·rainfall, and so forth, for the cultivation of ment of Justice to furnish the people information in order rubber in South America. that the people may know how to cooperate with the officials Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman yield? 8518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from New York. York is very much interested in the development of rubber Mr. TABER. I may say to the gentleman that the com­ in South America. I would like to inform him that our mittee cut out that item. colleague the gentleman from California [Mr. CARTER] made Mr. FISH. That is what I heard this morning, and I am a desperate fight in committee to amend the bill so that we very sorry they did it. If it is in order to put it back in the could do some experimenting in connection with the develop­ bill, and if it is germane to the bill, I propose to offer it at the ment of domestic rubber. The amendment was defeated in proper time. I would like to see an appropriation of a million committee in spite of the hard fight made by our colleague dollars turned over to the Secretary of Agriculture who wants from California. May I inform the gentleman that the com­ it and who believes that it would do more to solve our rubber mittee went into that very thoroughly and decided it was problem than anything else. In addition to that, and to show not feasible because of the fact that synthetic rubber is being that I am willing to cooperate with Democratic Cabinet mem­ developed rapidly in America today and it is being developed bers in the public interest, I would like to see an appropria­ very successfully. tion of another million dollars to be made available to the Mr. FISH. I thank the gentleman. The fact is that the Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Ickes, to build a smelter for tiu Standard Oil Co. of New York or New Jersey has built a somewhere along the Atlantic coast. million-dollar plant in which to make synthetic rubber and We are informed by Mr. Lippmann that we must go to war they expect to increase it year by year. It is also a fact that for tin and rubber, that we cannot get tin or rubber anywhere that synthetic rubber is just as good for general purposes as else except in the Far East, and that we are defenseless with­ the natural or raw rubber; however, it costs a great deal more out it. You can buy all the tin you want in Bolivia, but we and many people feel if we could grow rubber in South Amer­ have no smelter or no refinery in America to refine the tin ore. ica we can keep the cost down. We are the greatest con­ We must buy our tin from England or from Holland. They sumers of rubber in the world. It would employ American have a monopoly and we pay through the nose. We are the labor here where the crude rubber would be refined and, greatest consumer of tin in the world. We consume some­ furthermore, we would have this supply no matter what hap­ thing like 60 percent of all the tin and 60 to 65 percent of all pened way over in the Far East. It seems to me my proposal the rubber. So these appropriations of a million dollars a makes sense and good sense. I am in entire accord with the piece would be worth while. They would be constructive and request of the Secretary of Agriculture and I think the Con­ save us money and they would be along the lines of national gress ought to give him $1,000,000 to make this survey im­ defense, and would result in putting our own people to work. mediately, and also encourage private companies to make Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Will the gentleman yield? synthetic rubber in the United States. [Applause.] Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Arizona. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. I want to concur in the gen­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the tleman's statement with regard to the possibilities of produc­ gentlewoman from Illinois [Miss SUMNER]. ing rubber in this country-! mean in the continental United Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, I did not States. Plant life growing rubber can be grown in our four understand the gentleman was going to yield time to me, but States bordering on Mexico. That proposition was explored I happen to know of my own personal knowledge that in 25 years ago. Thomas Edison found conclusively it could either 1925 or 1926 leading private companies that were be done, and scientific men have also contended that rubber greatly interested in manufacturing tires cheaply did con­ can be produced in this country. Why not give our surplus duct a private survey and had all the finances necessary to acres in a land of sunshine a chance to produce this conduct such a survey in South America, and they came to necessity? the reluctant conclusion that it would not be a success to Mr. FISH. I think all the experts are agreed that rubber make any such attempt to raise rubber there. can be produced in South America. I am not an expert on Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time. rubber, but I am infonned that rubber originally came from Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the South America and was transported to the Far East. gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RicH]. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, this is another appropriation Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 3 addi- bill. Most all bills passed since January 3 have been appro­ tional minutes. priation bills. It seems to me, as a member of the Appro­ Mr. SHORT. Will the gentleman yield? priations Committee, that when the gentleman from Texas Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. '[Mr. MAHON], a few minutes ago, said that this is one of the Mr. SHORT. I merely want to ask -the gentleman why hardest working committees in the House of Representatives, this plant or smelter should be built along the Atlantic sea­ I wonder if he did not also mean that it is the hardest-worked board? Does the gentleman not think it would be wise to committee. By that I mean that every Member of Congress build these airplane and munitions factories in the Middle and every department of the Government, and everybody in West where they would not be so vulnerable to attack by an the United States wants the Appropriations Committee to enemy as those that are located along the Atlantic and Pacific give them everything they want. So where do we find our­ coasts? selves? We find ourselves in a deplorable and terrible finan­ Mr. FISH. I concur with the gentleman that airplane cial condition. factories and munitions factories should be built back from When we look at the statement made by Mr. Morgenthau, the coast, but this has to do with refining a heavy ore that who has charge of the Treasury Department, we find that comes in from Bolivia by ship. It seems to me the practical today we are over $3,500,000,000 in the red up to this time for and feasible way would be to have a smelter somewhere along the year that will close the 30th day of this month, and when the seacoast where the ships co_uid come up to the factory we think of what is to come next year with respect to the and the tin refined there. Personally I would prefer to have appropriations that we have made and the fact that you have it located in my district up the Hudson River and with the passed a tax bill that is going to yield $1,007,000,000 and with President's help I expect to get it there. [Laughter.] the estimated receipts, as given by the President of the United Mr. SHORT. The gentleman will agree that factories States in his message to Congress, of about $5,500,000,000, we which use lead and zinc should perhaps be located out where will find next year that we will be in the red $5,500,000,000. they produce the lead and zinc? That is terrible. Mr. FISH. Yes; by the same token you should bave those Now, with a tax bill of $1,007,000,000, you fellows have not factories out there in the State of Missouri, that grand old bit beyond the surface, and you have net started to scratch. State, where you produce the lead. The American people do not know what you are doing and Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman yield? they will not know until you give them a tax bill of about Mr. ·FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Nebraska. $2,000,000,000 to $3,000,000,000 increase annually. They will Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, something bas been said then begin to realize what this Congress has done. They will about the production of rubber. The gentleman from New begin to realize what this New Deal spending has been 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8519 all about. Whenever their backs begin to break, whenever Members of Congress as Trojan jackasses, and either fools they begin to bulge, and whenever they begin to bend, they or knaves. Now if and when he is elected to the United will find out they are in a terrible condition. States Senate, he ought to be able to correct the economic Mr. GEYER of California. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ situation and save our country. The gentleman from Penn­ man yield? sylvania ought not to be alarmed, because Mr. Cromwell Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman from California. no doubt will have the Senate pass his antialimony and Mr. GEYER of California. What would the gentleman birth-control programs, which are the principal planks in think about an excess-profits tax to be placed on some of his plan to solve the political and economic ills of the United these people who are making all this money out of this pre­ States. paredness program? Will the gentleman discuss that? Mr. RICH. When this administration came into po·wer, Mr. RICH. I do not know that anybody has made anything you heard them talk about economic royalists, and they out of this preparedness program as yet. You have just got talked about nothing else. We want to know who they are. started, and if it had not been for this war scare and war If there is anybody who has ever put in omce a lot of eco­ hysteria that is going on, this administration would be on the nomic royalists, I want to know who in the world it is except fiat of your backs and you would be down and out. You have the man in the White House. He is the greatest economic 11,000,000 unemployed now, and you would have about 10,- royalist in this country, if I know what the term means. 000,000 or 12,000,000 unemployed at least, because instead of He has taken over Wall Street, and he has it down there in going ahead with all this spending you have gone back and the White House, and he is spending more money than any back, and you have been drifting down the river until, so far man in the history of the world, and still he is not satisfied as I know, you would soon be out on the great ocean, a:nd with that. He still wants more power, and he is going to get then you would certainly sink. That is what you are gomg more power if this Congress does what he wants them to do, to do. You are going to sink this Nation of ours financially, but I hope to goodness this Congress will not give him any and nothing under God's Heaven is going to stop you. more power. I think they have given enough, and what they Mr. GEYER of California. Will the gentleman yield ought to do is to take power away from him. Let him be further? President in accordance with the Constitution. Mr. RICH. Yes; if the gentleman has something construc- Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ tive. tleman yield? Mr. GEYER of California. I think this is constructive. Mr. RICH. Oh, I am not going to get a chance to talk on Mr. RICH. I will have to take that chance. · this bill at all if I yield all my time. _ Mr. GEYER of California. · The gentleman would not go Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Why, take this Cromwell. so far as to say there are not great profits to be made out He is a multimillionaire, who married Doris Duke, the richest of all this preparedness program, would he? woman in the United States. Mr. Cromwell is a great New Mr. RICH. If anybody makes a great excessive profit, I Dealliberalleader-liberal with other people's money. If he will be the first one to vote to take it away from him. sympathizes so much with foreign countries, as his June 15 Mr. GEYER of California. That is fine. speech indicates, let him take his own millions of dollars Mr. RICH. Because you have not seen me stand up here and hand them to those foreign countries, and let him go to and holler for economy and try to cut down the appropria­ Canada and enlist for active service in the British or French tions and not vote for taxes. I believe in a balanced Budget. Foreign Legions or the Canadian expeditionary force. I have voted for these tax bills, as much as I disliked to do it, Mr. RICH. Oh, by the time he gets through with the because a month ago I said you would have to have a tax $40,000,000 that he married into, after we get through taxing bill. The chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, him to pay for the New Deal, he will wonder whether he the gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. DoUGHTON], one of wants to be a Senator from New Jersey under the New Deal the finest ·men I ever knew in my life, came over to me and or not. said, "Do you want a tax bill this year?" and I said, "Sure, Now, let us get down to this bill. Here is what I want to you have got to get it now." They were not going to bring bring out. We are appropriating $18,500,000 for the Post the tax bill in until they found that they could use the na­ Omce Department. That is the Department that Jim Farley tional emergency to" bring in the tax bill in disguise. They has been running so inemciently, and it is $40,000,000 in the would not venture to bring in a tax bill because of New Deal red. We have given him 3-cent postage, $100;000,000 a year spending and squandering. · revenue, and still $40,000,000 more in the red. Then they brought in a bill, a tax bill, and tried to camou­ • The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Penn­ flage it by telling the people that this tax bill is for a na­ sylvania has again expired. tional emergency. Good heavens! You have had 7 years now, Mr. RICH. Oh, I shall have to have 3 minutes more; and and you are no better off today than 7 years ago, if you meas­ if the gentleman from Massachusetts has not any more time, ure it by the unemployed. I will ask the gentleman from Virginia to give me 3 minutes. Mr. GEYER of California. Mr. Chairman, I compliment Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, in view of the gentleman from Pennsylvania on his saying that he is the highly constructive Republican utterances of the gen­ willing to· tax the profits out of this war. I think that is a tleman, I am glad to yield him 3 minutes. fine statement and I think it is consistent. Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, the chairman of the subcom­ Mr. RICH. Oh, I try to be consistent all the way down mittee, who has nobody to talk about the bill on his side, the line in spending and taxing. ought to give me 10 minutes, because I could talk an hour The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Penn­ or 2 hours or 2 days on the inemciency of the New Deal. sylvania has expired. When we gave Farley 3-cent postage, it raised $100,000,000 Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes for the Post Omce Department, and that was for the pur­ more to the gentleman. pose of taking care of the expenses of the New Deal, but Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ what has happened? Jim Farley has given that all to the tleman yield? Post omce Department and there is nothing left to pay Mr. RICH. Yes; I yield to the distinguished gentleman expenses. Where are these $40,000,000 in the red? It seems from Wisconsin. to me that is a terrible situation in the Post Office Depart­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman should not ment. The people .of this country will never get rid of the be unduly alarmed, because a multimillionaire New Deal 3-cent postage unless they go $100,000,000 more in the red. leader, James Cromwell, who is just as liberal as President Then we have departments of Government giving out mil­ Roosevelt in spending other people's money, made one of his lions of dollars of material free. I think Congress ought to senatorial campaign speeches in Atlantic City the other day. pass a law prohibiting the franking of this great mass of I refer to the Newark Evening News of June 15, 1940, which publications, and when the Republicans get into power in contains a report of this speech in which he denounced January, I am going to advocate that they stop this free 8520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 distribution of literature by these departments. I know that erally distributed of skilled labor in the United States. The follow­ ing shows for a ~umber of States the number per s9-u3:re ~ile of when we get the Republicans in power in January, they will workers in certain machine and technical-product mdustnes re­ just simply put their foot down and they will not permit it. quiring skilled labor: They will stop the departments from the mass of publica­ tions and the abuse of the franking privilege by the depart­ ments and the Members of Congress. I want you Republican boys on this side to remember this promise I am making to these Democratic fellows ov~r here. I want you to back me up in January, because we Will have more fellows over here in January to help out on that propo­ sition. Do not let anybody fool you on that, because . the people of this country are sick and tired of squander~ng; ·they are sick and tired of spending; they are sick and tired This same firm of industrial engineers, having ascertained from experts on defensive tactics against aircraft the ideal type of t~r­ of inefficiency; doing these things which are not sound and ritory to defend, stated in this report that of all the places studied which are not good business. . in the plant survey, the central part of Connecticut appears to be Let me show you in this bill. They have appropnated closest to the ideal. ·$200,000 for that San Francisco Fair and $275,000 for the I hope that in our enthusiasm to· develop this national de­ ·New York Fair. We appropriated millions of dollars to those fense we will not upset the economic side of the country any fairs last year. Now they come along this year and want to more than is necessary. It would seem pertinent, therefore, ·continue them. Why should the public pay to continue those that we take advantage of the facilities already established fairs for the year 1940 when they had the fairs in 1939 an.d for the creation of the needs of our defense system and put we paid to help keep them going? It seems to me that 1s aside any plan to move the center of such facilities inland. money that the Congress should not appropriate. I tried to Such a plan as that suggested by the gentleman from Mis­ strike that out in committee. I got pretty good support, but souri would be an extravagance in time and dollars which I could not get enough support to knock it out, because tt:.e we can now ill afford. Appropriations Committee, which is controlled by that side [Here the gavel fell.J of the House, would not do it. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes Then we have the Federal Crop Insurance increase of to the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. LAMBERTSON]. capital stock to meet losses. Now, just get this. You fellows Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Chairman, when we reach the on this side listen: "Federal Crop Insurance, increase of item on the Weather Bureau in this bill, which provides capital stock to meet losses." That is what you will have to $50,000 for a new station at Boston, I am going to move to do for years and years to meet the losses of this administra- strike it out. I have opposed it in the subcommittee ahd in tion. [Applause.] · the whole committee. It lost in the subcommittee by a [Here the gavel fell.J narrow margin and in the whole committee by a narrow Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes margin. While it is only a $50,000 item, there are some to the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. MILLERJ. principles involved that are of tremendous importance. Mr. MILLER. Mr. Chairman, I hope the gentleman from I want to speak on the merits of those propositions right Missouri [Mr. SHORT] is still on the floor. He asked the gen­ now. First of all, I am the ranking Republican member on tleman from New York [Mr. FisH] if he did not think we the Subcommittee on Agricultural Appropriations, under should move aircraft factories and munition factories to the which the Weather Bureau has been functioning for years. interior of the country. I want to direct his attention to Under the reorganization plan it will be transferred next some figures inserted in the RECORD in the middle of February year to Commerce. It would not be our property any longer pointing out that if we pick out the most probable-nobody if we are still here and on the Agricultural Subcommittee. knows whether it is possible-but the most probable points But this item of $50,000 for an independent weather station of attack in the United States, the gentleman from Missouri at Boston is not a dejiciency. · This is a deficiency bill. will find that St. Louis, Mo., is nearer to five of those points There is not any man who is a member of the Deficiency of attack than is Hartford, Conn., for example. We have :ao Appropriations Subcommittee who will stand here and say assurance and no man knows, if we ever have to defend this that this is a deficiency. I yield right now to any member territory, whether the attack is going to come from the east of the Appropriations Committee if he wants to stand and or the northeast. It is just as likely to come from the Gul! say that this is a deficiency. There are prominent members or the north or the Pacific, but we may find in the long run of that committee on both sides present. Nobody disputes that Maine would be the safest spot in the United States. my argument. While the geographical location may be important, the one Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Well, will the gentleman thing we want now is speed and efficiency. It is going to take yield? a long time to transplant and transport skilled mechanics Mr. LAMBERTSON. I yield. who are settled in one section of the country to another sec­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Of course, if the gentleman tion of the country. It is not that other parts of the country means to infer from that that there is nothing in this bill are not as competent to make fine tools and turn out skilled except deficiencies, he is entirely wrong, because this bill work. carries two classes of items-deficiency items, that is, items It is simply because of the condition of the land and the which are meant to build up the appropriation for this year, climate of the country that one part gives all of the farm and class two, supplementary items for 1941. There are many commodities that we need-cotton, wheat, and corn-while supplementary items in this bill. other parts, because they do not have the climatic conditions Mr. LAMBERTSON. There are supplementary items in needed for the raising of large crops, have directed their at­ here that deal more or less with national defense, which is tention and the training of their people to the skilled crafts. the leading thing of the hour. I would like to refer you to page 2193 of the RECORD of Feb­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Will the gentleman yield? ruary 13, wherein I said: Mr. LAMBERTSON. I yield. I have referred to the necessity of having skilled mechanics to Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Following out the thought of the manufacture and build our aircraft. Recently a manufacturer of gentleman from Virginia, I would call attention to the fact national reputation employed a firm of industrial engineers to make a survey of several different parts of the United States, with the view that the deficiency items in the bill amount to $22,000,000 as to building a new factory, the factory to be equipped to build a very compared with supplementary items amounting to over necessary part of an aviation engine. This group of industrial en·. $34,000,000. gineers surveyed several States of the United States and then made Mr. LAMBERTSON. That is very true, but this in no their recommendation to the manufacturer who engaged them. Among other things mentioned in the report was that the indus­ sense of the word is supplemental to anything else. It is trial engineers found that Connecticut has the largest supply, gen· neither a deficiency nor supplemental. We should not con- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8521 sider in this bill items that should properly have been brought 1 the whole proposition. But they condone this thing. I before regular committees. There is no emergency about this. do not think I would be violating any confidence here if It is no deficiency, it is no emergency, so it ought not to be I told you that we had this thing beaten by one vote in the here; first, because it is not proper, and second, because in the subcommittee at one time. This took up hours of our time in regular order of things the regular committee should handle the subcommittee and in the full committee, yet nobody is this proposition. The regular committees will be meeting in going to challenge my statement here today or deny what I December. The Committee on Commerce can then hear this say. They are going to ignore it. But I think it is well for the proposition on its merits. public and the country to know a little bit about this proposi­ My second point, after I have emphasized the fact that it tion and the way it has been handled. As I say, it was at one is not a deficiency, is that it did not originate with the time beaten in the subcommittee by one vote. Then one Weather Bureau. I want to enlarge on that a little, I want Member remembered that he had promised somebody per­ to read just a sentence or two from the hearings. sonally that he would vote for this thing. So he backed Commander Reichelderfer, one of the most efficient bu­ up and started the other way. Then the justifications came reau heads we have, a very technical high-class man, who in and they began to justify it as far as they could. But has been lent to the Weather Bureau from the Navy De­ it is in the bill because of the activities of a small group partment, a man who did not come up in the ordinary way, of men, one or two men who had made personal promises heads the Weather Bureau. He says they had nothing to enough to put this whole thing over. I want to say to you do with originating this project, meaning the $50,000 item that I do not regard friendship if it depends on the raiding for Boston's independent weather station. He said: of the Federal Treasury. For myself I hope I will never We had no plan to add new forecast districts this present year. come before this House-and I have been on this committee In fact we have not enough forecasters and would have post­ 8 years-to ask for any appropriation for my congressional poned this recommendation if there were not an urgent public district. demand and need for this New England service. I want to be di:fferent from a lot of men without bragging I want to comment a minute later on that public demand. about it. I want my record in Congress to be that I never The Weather Bureau has no promotion agents. It needs none. asked for anything for my particular congressional district Demands for weather service always greatly exceed the capacity that was not needed. I took an oath to support the Consti­ of our personnel and facilities. tution as a United states Representative and I want to live The Weather Bureau has eight main stations in the United up to doing just that. I am not a member of the committee States today: Jacksonville, Washington, Chicago, New Or­ to see how much I can get for my district, my State, or my leans, Denver, and San Francisco, and substations at Al­ section of the country. There is not a member of the Appro­ buquerque and Kansas City. The Weather Bureau would priations Committee who can point his finger to me and say like to have six others ultimately. that I have been inconsistent in my ideas of economy. At Yesterday I solicited this distinguished Commander, the least I do not think they can. head of the W-eather Bureau, to give me information as to · It is a disgrace and a shame that we support propositions whether Boston was the most needed. He refused to say so, of this sort. It is not a deficiency item. It did not originate he refused to go on record as saying that Boston was the with the Bureau which gets credit for asking for it. That most needed proposed new station of the future. Bureau did not ask for it of its own volition. That Bureau · The main thing I am getting to is that this was conceived was forced to include it because of pressure and it refused to in the mind of somebody who wanted to get something for say even that the Boston station is the most important of Boston. A distinguished Member of the House and a dis­ those places that have not been taken care of for the future. tinguished Senator promoted this thing. They even got The same thing that has been said for Boston could be said the Budget to agree to it. It seems as though if you have for all these others that I mentioned here today. I do not enough power, regardless of the merit of the proposition, pretend to have any influence on either side, but this side you can get a Budget estimate-if you are a big shot. And has the responsibility for the wild spending that has been they did that; yet the Weather Bureau itself for 2 years be­ going on. They t.ave the responsibility for everything. To fore our subcommittee has not even asked for this item, my Republican friends, to my Republican colleagues,. who and there is no emergency. stand for economy, may I say that the National Treasury They used the argument that because of the hurricane that is our first line of defense and that is the thing we are going happened a few years ago if they had had this station it to emphasize next week at Philadelphia. We are going to might have been di:fferent. That is answered completely in ride the New Deal for its spending. We are going to defend the extended hearings of 2 years ago before our subcom­ another principle and that is the taking care of the Treasury mittee. This same man, this Commander Reichelderfer, said and the national credit. that if we had had the four-map system by which at every Mr. Chairman, when I o:ffer an amendment this afternoon 6-hour interval in the 24 there is a map of the weather given to strike out this $50,000 item which is not justified, it is not over the wires to these di:fferent stations, they might have a deficiency item; it is not justified because it comes from a been forewarned and it might have helped them to prepare department or bureau that asks for it, I hope my Republican for it. But since that time, since the hurricane, the whole colleagues will support me if. they think it is sound. Do not east coast has gotten the four-map system. It is now in use support me for myself, but if you think it is right in the light from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River, but not from the of the testimony o:ffered I want you to support my amend­ Mississippi River to the Pacific. If there is to be any exten­ ment to strike it out. sion in Weather Bureau facilities it is deserving that it should There is a lot more I might say about this thing today. It be west of the Mississippi River over the mountains to the is significant; I think it is important, since we spent hours west, over that great half of the United States where they in the subcommittee talking about it. We spent an hour have only two Weather Bureau stations now-Denver and this morning in the whole committee debating it. There San Francisco. Seattle or Portland could ask with lots more will not be another Member on this floor who will say a word grace for a station than Boston. Boston is only 500 miles or about it today but myself. My great distinguished chairman less from Washington. Seattle and Portland are a great of the subcommittee, the gentleman from Missouri, spoke deal farther than that from San Francisco. Denver is more for a half-hour before the whole committee urging that it be than a thousand miles from Chicago and New Orleans. Los taken out. I am afraid he will not say a word this afternoon. Angeles has not any individual set-up. Los Angeles or Seat­ He has his own reasons for that, and, of course, I am not tle could ask for it with more excuse than Boston, but they criticising him for that, but I cannot understand why he did not have the politicians to put it over, they did not go out will not get up here and condemn it like he did in the whole and put on the fire and the heat. committee. This matter belongs to our subcommittee. It is Furthermore, nobody is going to answer me on the floor not a deficiency item. It did not originate with the depart­ of this House for what I am saying. They are going to ignore ment. It was put over by individuals who are seeking to get LXXXVI--536 8522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 a little glory for their section. I do not say that is true of Washington is not to blame. Now, New England has a north­ everyone's attitude, but I am saying that is the attitude that east wind which changes rapidly. In the course of a minute put this thing over, a very narrow attitude. I want you to it might change very much. It is a variable wind. If there stand by me when I offer an amendment to strike this item is one place in the country where a station of this kind is when the bill is read for amendment. [Applause.] needed it is New England. My friend talks about other dis­ [Here the gavel fell.] tricts. I think they should be located in other districts, and Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I Yield 5 _ certainly I would not take the ·floor, if my friend wanted one minutes to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. located in his district, and argue that because New England McCoRMACK]. did not have it I would not support one being located in his Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, my distinguished district. To me that would be a selfish argument. To me friend from Kansas is making a mountain out of a molehill. that would be an argument that I would view in my own mind I admire and respect my friend for his frankness of expres­ with shame of myself. I would have a feeling of disrespect sion. There was no need of him extending me the con­ · for myself, and what I say is not directed toward my friend sideration of refraining from using my name when he talked in comparison. about politicians. I am rather proud to be a politician. Now, this is needed; this is an emergency, and it was not I do not think it is a disgrace to be a politician. I assume started by me. It was started by a great organ that I ad­ my friend used that term in the broad sense that would mire. It is an organ that is Republican in its editorial policy, make the characterization applicable to himself, because I but it is a great organ and that is where this movement assume like myself that he, being a Member of the House, started, with the Boston Herald, and I assume every Member will admit he occupies the same position that I occupy or of the House, particularly the Republican Members, are ac­ that anyone else here occupies. I never considered it to be quainted with the editorial policy of the Boston Herald. a crime; as far as I am concerned I always treated with a Now, this, briefly, is a statement of the facts. I hope my great deal of pride, the fact that I have been elected to friend will view this from a broad, practical angle, realizing represent my district in various public offices I have held. there are eight such district stations or districts now in the I was rather interested in his Confessions · of a Congress­ United States, and because. there are four or five other dis­ man. It seems to be a serious crime for one Member of tricts that should have it, he will not offer a motion to strike this body or of any legislative body to speak to some of his out this item. If he does, I hope the membership of the colleagues about a matter that he is interested in that may House will not support the motion. [Applause.] come before a committee. I welcome and invite every one DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, of my colleagues to speak to me on any matter that they WEATHER BUREAU, Washington, June 15, 1940. are interested in, whether it comes before the committee of Hon. JoHN W. McCoRMACK, which I am a member or a matter which comes before House of Representatives. the House. This is the first time I have ever heard the DEAR MR. McCoRMACK: In response to your telephone inquiry, it is stated that subsequent to the submission of the regular estimates argument that Members of Congress should embargo them­ for the Weather Bureau for the fiscal year 1941, urgent request has selves from talking to other Members of Congress in con­ been made to correct basic deficiencies in the weather forecast and nection with matters in which they are interested. storm-warning service rendered by this Bureau to the New England Mr. LAMBERTSON. Will the gentleman yield? area by establishing a forecast district center at Boston, Mass., to serve that area. The citizens residing in New England justly com­ Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the gentleman. plain of the inadequacy of the weather forecast service now pro­ Mr. LAMBERTSON. I did not say that, or at least I did vided because the forecasts are now issued from the distant forecast not mean to say that. center at Washington, D. C. New England, because of its location, varied topography and Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman's apology is accepted geographical features, presents forecast problems of a regional for the RECORD. nature that require the application of special techniques based on Mr. LAMBERTSON. May I add this: What I objected to an intimate knowledge of local conditions and their effect on was Members yielding to a personal appeal on something that weather occurrences. The territory comprising this district is crossed by two active storm paths and is affected both winter and was not needed. summer not only by disturbances crossing the country from the Mr. McCORMACK. I never knew that to be a crime in a West but also by coastal storms approaching from the South. It is legislative body. impracticable, because of the large size of the Washington forecast district as now constituted, for the forecasters to give as extensive The gentleman first advanced the argument that this is a detailed study to the changing weather conditions as is necessary not a deficiency item. Then the distinguished gentleman to render the highly accurate and localized service to which the from Virginia and the gentleman from Massachusetts, my people of New England are entitled, and which can only be rendered distinguished friend also, overwhelmed him when they from a city situated within the area to be served. The Weather Bureau ~s engaged in a program to organize its field showed that items other than deficiency items were contained service to provide better local weather forecasts in various parts of in the bill. Then he talked about an emergency and about the country and has recognized that New England would profit materially from an improved and localized weather service. The this not being an emergency. But this is an emergency. He general program contemplates an increase in the number of fore­ then talked about my personal pride in having the appropria­ cast districts with resultant reduction in size of districts, which tion made. I have a personal pride in being a Member of this would permit the forecasters to give greater attention to detailed boqy. I have no personal pride. in anything I might do. I local forecasts. Unfortunately, the Bureau does not at the present time have the funds to put this plan into effect. simply try to do the best I can. A bill to authorize an appropriation for a Weather Bureau district But here is the story. This did not originate in my mind. forecast station at Boston, H. R. 9064, was passed by the House of This was started by the Boston Herald, one of the leading Representatives on May 20, 1940. Should the Congress appropriate the amount of $50,000 authorized to be appropriated by the bill newspapers of the country and a great Republican organ. for the purpose of providing the additional personnel and facilities That is where this movement originated to have a Weather at Boston to establish a forecast district for New England, this Bureau station for New England. This is for the great dis­ would be of decided advantage in improving the forecast service of the Weather Bureau. trict of New England and not for Boston. Of course, the Your interest in this matter is greatly appreciated. office will be located in Boston. All of the Members of this Very truly yours, body from New England, both Republicans and Democrats, C. C. CLARK, are united in favor of this. This is one thing that we all Acting Chief of Bureau. agree upon. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. Chairman, this was not conceived in my mind. It was Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes fathered by the Boston Herald. It was started because, to the gentleman from California [Mr. ANDERSON]. under the forecasting system at the present time, a Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Chairman, I notice correct forecast o{ the hurricane of a few years ago that the Committee on Appropriations has left out of this bill was not made. A forecast of the great snowstorm of last the million dollars which the President requested for devel­ winter was not made. The Weather Bureau Service in oping a possible supply of rubber in the Western Hemisphere. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8523 I would like to ask the members of the committee how If Dr. Auchter's statement regarding the cost of production they justify leaving this item out of the bill. May I ask the is correct, then it appears to me that we are passing up a chairman of the subcommittee that question? real chance to assist the American farmer in the production Mr. ·wooDRUM of Virginia. The committee felt that of a new crop. We appropriate a billion dollars a year to there had not ·been sufficient justification made for it and, help agriculture, but we are still a long way from solving tha particularly, on the ground that already the industry was farmer's problem. developing synthetic rubber and that there had been no very I am not going to attempt to insert the necessary funds into good showing made to justify the expenditure of further this bill at this time, because the committee has already funds for experimental purposes. stricken out the entire item. However, in ignoring this item Mr. A~"DERSON of California. It is true, is it not, that it seems to me that we are passing up a splendid opportunity the funds r€quested by the President were to be used mostly to put some of the agricultural lands now growing surplus in Central and South America and very little in continental commodities into the production of one of our vital and es­ United States? sential materials. I trust that when this bill reaches the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is correct. other body some of the Senators will be far-sighted enough Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? to include funds for developing rubber production in the Mr. ANDERSON of California. I yield. United States. Mr. FISH. As I understood the matter, the million dollars The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Cali­ I was talking about all went to South America to make a fornia has expired. survey and none for syntheticrubber. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gen­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. As I understand it, from tleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. reading the communication addressed to the House by the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield the President of the United States, the request was for $1,000,000 gentleman 2 minutes. to be used in the development of rubber from the Hevea rubber Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, in response to the query tree in the Western Hemisphere, most of the funds to be just made by the gentleman from California [Mr. ANDERSON] spent in South and Central America, although there was some about exploration in the field of rubber and tropical plants, mention made of using a portion of the funds in the Gulf I might say it is not new. Mr. Thomas Alva Edison was a States and Florida. pioneer in that field, and the closest he ever came to rubber Mr. FISH. No rubber has ever been produced in either was to develop the goldenrOd plant and get a very small Florida or the Gulf States. production of rubber content. As I recall, he turned over Mr. ANDERSON of California. No; but there have been those files to the Bureau of Plant Industry in the Depart­ successful experiments in southern Florida. If I am wrong ment of Agriculture, and going back to 1933, we made an I wish to be corrected, but I think the hearings prove that appropriation of $75,000 for that Bureau for that purpose. rubber can be successfully grown in the southern tip of Since that time they have been experimenting with guayule, Florida from the Hevea rubber tree. and with Hevea and one other plant grown in Florida and However, I am more interested in the possibility of pro­ with goldenrod and with a great many others, and after an ducing rubber from the guayule rubber shrub or plant which expenditure of approximately $438,000 over an 8-year period is a native of Mexico. It originally produced rubber to about we still have nothing tangible to show for that research and 8 percent of the volume of the plant. Selective cross breeding that exploratory effort. My contention is that since the em­ and experimentation have now developed guayule to the phasis today is on synthetic rubber, like duprene, neoprene, point where it will produce as much as 25-percent rubber. and other types gotten out by the Goodrich and Du Pont peo­ I happen to know something about it because there is a ple, and a great many others, that perhaps we will go infinitely factory located in my district which can .produce refined further if we let the research come from that side. Only rubber at the rate of about 10,000 pounds per day. last week either Goodyear or Goodrich held an exposition According to the figures I have available this rubber can in New York City and there announced to the country that be produced at a cost of about 25 cents a pound. Rub­ they had made such progress that they propose now to fabri­ ber at the present time, that is the price in the United States cate the treads on rubber tires from so-called synthetic rubber. for the rubber that we import, is approximately 22 cents per In view of those developments in the industrial field it occurs pound. It seems to me there is some justification for the to me it would be unwarranted to spend any great amount of expenditure of a certain amount of funds to find out if we money at this time, because the Department simply has not can produce commercially one of our most vital and essen­ shown any tangible results. tial materials; a product that is extremely important to our Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Chairman, will the national-defense program. If it is possible to produce rub­ gentleman yield? ber commercially, domestically, I do not see why we should Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes. hide our heads in the sand like ostriches and let the oppor­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Private industry has ex~ tunity go by. perimented with the guayule plant and is now producing rub~ Now, if you will refer to the hearings, you will find that ber commercially at a cost not far in excess of the price we Dr. Auchter of the Department of Agriculture rather contra­ have to pay for imported rubber. If we had some practical dicts himself in a couple of statements he . made. On page experiments made by the Department of Agriculture is it not 172 in reply to a question by the gentleman from New York possible that we might develop something of value? [Mr. TABER], yve find the following: Mr. DIRKSEN. I think it is a splendid idea to let private Mr. TABER. Why did you not go to California, where they are industry operate in this field for a time and see what results doing some of the work themselves, and do business there instead they can develop. of going outside the country? Mr. ANDERSON of California. May I call attention to the Dr. AucHTER. You are referring to guayule, that is grown out statement made by Mr. Wheeler at page 180 of the hearings? there. Guayule can be grown in the Southwest. The cost of pro­ ducing cultivated guayule is so high that under normal conditions Questioned about producing rubber out of petroleum he states: it probably cannot be produced profitably in competition with We can if we are willing to pay 50 to 60 cents a pound for it. Hevea rubber from the Tropics. It seems to me that if we could develop rubber from a home~ Now, if you will turn to page 464, in a letter addressed grown plant at half that cost we would be much wiser to adopt to me by Dr. Auchter, you will find that he says in the last that method of producing rubber than to take it from paragraph on that page: petroleum. These experiments indicated that guayule can be raised com­ Mr. DIRKSEN. I would say that considering the climatic mercially in the United St ates at a cost of from 25 to 30 cents a pound and contracts were prepared for having local farmers grow conditions of our country, probably the greatest development the guayule, the planting and harvesting being done by the Amer­ will be in our industrial field. In the light of eight successive ican Rubber Producers, Inc. annual appropriations, some of which I approved as a member 8524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 of the subcommittee on agriculture, I think perhaps we should The Bureau of the Budget says the costs of publicity-it withhold this appropriation for a while and let industry do uses the word "publicity"-are too well concealed to be pro­ the job. duced. Mr. Ickes says there "ain't" no such animal. Well, [Here the gavel fell.] I invite you to turn to the hearings on the Department of Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ Interior appropriation with me. I quote from page 20 of the tleman from Ohio [Mr. JoNES]. 1941 appropriation hearings: Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 min­ I remember that Mr. Straus, the Director of Information, came utes to the gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER], to be in sometime ago and said he would like to put on a dramatization of the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. I told him yielded as he sees fit. that he was crazy, that it could not be done in any attractive form. Mr. TABER. I yield that additional 5 minutes also to the However, in due course he brought in to me a script which I read gentleman from Ohio [Mr. JoNEsJ. with great care. It seemed to me to have possibilities and I gave The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio is recognized a clearance for it. for 10 minutes. . Probably some of you have heard his dramatized annual Mr. JONES of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, the President has report. Whether you did or not you must know that it took again said that he wants to cut the expenses of government days and weeks of the time of experienced publicity writers 10 percent. It is an old story, and familiarity produces the of the Department of the Interior to build up a program that proverbial results still. He promised to reduce expenses be­ would tell the country that the Secretary of the Interior was fore he was elected in 1932. Every once and so often when the a great guy; that he bears gifts for every State in the Union. demand for reasonable economies becomes ·too loud to be The general idea is that if Secretary Ickes had not lived ignored we get another promise. The reorganization bill was Joe Doaks, out in the sticks, could not get a Federal check. to be the shears with which Federal expenses and personnel Anyone reading this report and listening to the dramatiza­ would be reduced. I did not believe that promise. I voted tion that I have described must be naive indeed if he does not against that bill, and the mounting pay rolls since it was made believe the Department of the Interior maintains publicity law do not hurt my conscience any. personnel. They may not call them publicity experts when In answer to every suggestion for economies from this side they list the duties of the employees for the Bureau of the of the House, frequently supported by Members on the Demo­ :audget, but this report and every other news release is pre­ cratic side, whose colleagues forthwith dismiss them as re­ pared by publicity experts, regardless of whether they are actionaries, the administration supporters retort that we called clerks or assistants in the Department of the Interior, cannot economize at the expense of human misery. No one or "red herrings." has ever asked for economy at the cost of the unemployed, On April 12 I asked the Secretary of the Interior to furnish or to the hurt of the national defense, for the obvious effect me with detailed information in regard to the publicity activi­ would be political sUicide if not national self-mutilation. ties in his Department. On the 25th I received a general That is proof to me that the majority has no sensible de­ reply, which did not answer the specific questions I asked of fense against economies where they can be made and should him, and it ended with this paragraph: be made not only to save the taxpayers money but to make Therefore I shall seek to see if we cannot assemble for trans­ government more efficient. mission to you more detailed data. Your requests for various cate­ I accept the sneering challenge so often produced by the gories and divisions of such assignments of time and money do administration to put up or shut up, to show where economy not correspond with any of the numerous classifications required by various procedures. In themselves, your inquiries comprise an can be made and efficiency thereby achieved. I produce the expensive and time-consuming task. Of course, break-downs for indefensible and grandiose propaganda machine as a prime the past 5 years, etc., on this subject, which you requested by April example of waste in money, in time, and the people's pa­ 17, are impossible. tience. They are disguised in the departmental budgets as On the 26th I again wrote the Secretary of Interior the "information services," as ironical a joke as ever was perpe­ following letter: trated. Information services, indeed! In answer to your letter of the 25th, wherein you state that I found them to be anything but that when I sent out considerable time is being taken to answer my questionnaire of the questionnaires to the dozens of propaganda bureaus which 12th, because my inquiry covers break-downs for the past 5 years infest our governmental structure, exploiting human misery, on the subject of information activitie~ in your Department. I assume you have the figures for a late fiscal year. I would arousing class hatreds, and gaudily dramatizing the New Deal. appreciate it, if it will convenience you, to give me at the present I asked for factual information as to the costs of their in­ time the answers to the questions t:or the latest fiscal years for dividual operations, and I was answered with subterfuges and which figures are available and give me the other data at a later date. My immediate purpose will be served by having such figures evasions too often to be accidental. for the latest fiscal year. However, I found out a lot. One of the first things I found I did not think that it would entail the time that you report out is that in most cases these Federal press agents, these because I had in mind that you would have a cost accounting New Deal publicity men, grinding out political propaganda system to enable you to answer questions touching this phase of your operations in your request for funds before the Appropriations at public expense, have no standing in law. The publicity Committee. bureaus are illegal. They are specifically prohibited. But If you can give me the figures for the latest fiscal years for which there they are; and if the President is for once sincere in his complete figures are available by Monday, April the 29th, I wlll avowed desire to cut expenses, he can save millions of dollars deeply appreciate it. I might add that if actors are paid for through the program a year just by obeying the law and ridding the Government of division in connection with the broadcast of radio programs and the this propaganda leech which has fastened itself upon us production of movies by your Department, I would appreciate your without authorization or sanction of Congress. advising me so that I may pursue this source at an early date. We cannot discover exactly what the propagandists cost On April 27 I received photostatic copies of reports of the us in dollars. Let me read you this confessional paragraph secretary of the Bureau of the Budget, which had been made from the Bureau of the Budget, in a letter to me signed by January 22, 1940, and were available all of the time that I Harold Smith. Its date is April 11, 1940: asked the Secretary of the Interior to furnish me information Generally speaking, there is no segregation i~ the accounting, from Apri112 until April 27. budgetary, or appropriatiing procedures of the Federal Government I would appreciate any reasonable explanation why the of publications, publicity, or news material as specific objects or purposes of expenditure. As a consequence, it would be a practical Secretary of the Interior could not give me this information impossibility to prepare a compilation of the actual costs under when I first asked for it. The reason may be that the Secre­ these heads over any period of years. tary of the Interior has so covered up the Division of Infor­ Now let me read you a sentence from a letter written to mation by labeling publicity employees as "assistants," me by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes. Just 12 words: "clerks," and "stenographers," in order to keep Congress from This Department, in accordance with the law, does not maintain knowing how much is really being spent for propaganda, that publicity personnel. · he has lost track of their identity himself. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8525 I put in the RECORD for the consideration of the Members publicity bureaus, then it is countenancing a violation of copy of the photostatic report on the Bonneville Power Ad­ the law. It is the duty of the Attorney General at least ministration. This report was given over the signature of to warn his Federal Cabinet members to halt the illegal the Chief of Division of Information for the Bonneville practice. Actually he should order them to stop violating project. It shows an expenditure of $6,298 for personal serv­ the act of 1913 and prosecute them if they refuse. The ices in this project for publicity work. However, on the 29th Attorney General's office and the offices of the Secretary of of March 1940 the same John L. Wheeler wrote to a Member the Interior and other Cabinet officers are on two horns of of Congress, and I quote from his letter: a dilemma. If what they are doing is legal, then informa­ The present personnel of the Information Division numbers 14, tion and publicity employees should be labeled as such and with an annual pay-roll encumbrance of $28,600. The personnel they should be budgeted in such a way that the Appropria­ includes clerical, filing, and messenger help and the staff of the tions Committee and the Budget Commission could know project's technical library. immediately how much publicity and information services Members of Congress, which one of these statements is were costing the Government. There should not be any correct, the $6,298 figure given to the Bureau of the Budget or hiding of publicity experts behind false titles. If it is wrong, the $28,600 figure quoted in this letter? the Attorney General's office should be the first to uncover While we are on the subject of power projects, let me call the subterfuge and stop it. Violators of the law in the your attention to the Tennessee Valley Authority. I quote Federal departments should be hounded with the same zeal from their letter in answer to my inquiry as to their informa­ that the Attorney General's office would run down any other tion service: violator of the law. To answer your question directly, the staff includes seven infor­ There is another . mischief that should be looked into at mation employees, whose combined salary is $31,450. this time when we are hunting the "fifth column" and the I quote further from his letter in regard to what the pub­ subversive groups in America and in our Federal branches licity department does: of the Government. A few months ago the Dies committee For the most part they include notices of contract awards, major published a list of the Federal employees who belong to speeches by directors, and pertinent information of a policy nature. subversive groups. Some of those published names are reported to hold harmless jobs as clerks and assistants. As Now, the odd part about the answer to the inquiry is that long as the administration insists on covering up and hiding when you turn to the hearings on the T. V. A. before the the information services in its departments, just that long House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Inde­ will the American people not know how many harmless­ pendent Offices of the Appropriations Bill for 1941, page 1688, sounding titles cover up a publicity "fifth columnist" who you will find this statement in regard to the number of em­ is spreading his poison of propaganda and hate of class ployees and the amount spent in the publicity section of the against class to the American people and giving his false T. V. A. Mr. Auger states in answer to the question of Mr. American doctrines the dignity of our great Government. Wigglesworth: If these publicity experts are so hidden that the Depart­ The total budget for 1941 for information office is $165,000 as ments themselves cannot recognize their extent and expense, compared to $167,000 for 1940 and an actual of $178,000 in 1939. The total personnel, including all employees of the information we certainly have a weak spot in the structure of demo­ office, which includes our technical library, is 40, which compares cratic government through which the Trojan horses can to 40.8 in 1940 and 43 in 1939. push their way at will. If an information office is justified in the Bonneville project We Americans, with our constitutional government, are and the T.V. A-., certainly Members of Congress are entitled morally strong enough, patriotic enough, to defend ourselves to the true information when they write to ascertain the against all ~:;ubversive attacks. But when constitutional number of employees in the information section and the cost government itself becomes impaired, when illegal authority of maintaining this section. There is no justification or within government dips its hand in the Treasury's coffers excuse to mislead Members of Congress as to the amount of to finance a campaign of woe and disunion in our country, money that is spent for these services. then in all patriotism, in all common sense, that rot must Two months has elapsed since I asked the Secretary of be amputated and the new _dealers who planted the germ Interior to give me detailed information on the cost of the cut off from power with the same stroke. [Applause.] various informational activities in his Department for the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 last 5 years. The Secretary of Interior gives lip service in minutes to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERGJ. giving-the public an interesting report on all the activities of Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Chairman, some time ago when the his Department, but in 2 months' time he cannot give a Mem­ agricultural appropriation bill was before this House, I of­ ber of Congress, who ought to know, and who is entitled to fered an amendment increasing the amount allowed in that know, when he asks for the cost to the Government of main­ bill for the work done in Texas, New Mexico, and parts of taining information service in his Department. Why does he . Arizona for the control of the pink bollworm. It so hap­ fail to give this information to Members of Congress? Can pens that at that time the subcommittee in charge of the it be that the Secretary of the Interior is trying to cover up Department of Agriculture appropriation bill did not have the real cost and expenditure of money in his Department to before it the Budget Director's supplementary recommenda­ sell the public that he is a great guy? The Secretary does not tion. Due to the strange confusion which has accompanied dare tell the public of the enormous amount of money that is this item throughout, I take this time to direct the attention spent for propaganda in his Department because the whole not only of the members of the committee, but the atten­ Interior Department is interwoven with men and women who tion of the Director of the Budget to the peculiar situation do not add one iota to the service of their country, but spend which confronts this most important item in the appropria­ their full time or a great portion of it in campaigning for the tion. New Deal. This deficiency bill does not make any mention of the I sent an inquiry to the Department of Justice in regard to pink bollworm. It so happens that the Budget Director information on publicity activity in that Department, and sent a supplementary estimate to this committee in Docu­ from Gordon Dean, Special Executive Assistant to the Attor­ ment No. 802 on June 3, but at the time that was received the ney General, I received a reply from which I quote: · agriculture appropriation bill was in conference and the Senate had added to that bill the required amount recom­ In the first place it should be pointed out that the Department of Justice, unlike some of the other departments of Government, mended by the Budget Director. In the meantime this bill has no "publicity" unit;-as that term is ordinarily understood. We is voted out of committee and does not carry this item. I do, however, conduct an "information" which is more fully de- do not propose to offer an amendment increasing the scribed below. . amount, because the item was not discussed by the com­ Now, if the Department of Justice, the Federal law en­ mittee the second time, and some of the members of the forcement agency knows that other departments maintain committee apparently are facile in forgetting these things 8526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18. that apparently they do not want to pay attention to. I upon, and that a preparedness program of inland and mid­ want the members of the committee to at least remember continent development is about to be initiated. [Applause.] long enough, until this deficiency appropriation bill comes [Here the gavel fell.J back from the Senate, at which time the Senate will have Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 received an additional recommendation from the Budget, minutes to the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. CoLE]. increasing the amount by $380,000 recommended by me in Mr. COLE of Maryland. Mr. Chairman, I want to comment the earlier appropriation. If this amount is not allowed in briefly upon an item in this bill entitled "Veterans' Adminis­ the Senate, we have every cause for more than reasonable tration Hospital Facilities." For 10 years I have been doing alarm over the welfare of the entire Cotton Belt. If we do everything possible to bring about the establishment of a vet­ not take care of this pest and keep it from spreading, it is erans' hospital in Baltimore or vicinity. It has been a long good-bye cotton. fight with much effort from time to time, starting with a [Here the gavel fell.] general survey of the needs of the State; appearance before Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gen­ the Federal Board of Hospitalization and finally the approval tleman from Minnesota [Mr . .ALEXANDER]. by this Board of a unit for Baltimore or vicinity based upon Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Chairman, in the light of what was their determination of the actual need for a new hospital. said this morning by the gentleman from New York [Mr. My interest in such an improvement started before I entered FISH] and the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. SHORT] and the Congress in 1926 at a time when I was fairly active in the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. MILLER], I think I should veterans' organizations to which I belonged, then, as well as say a word for the area from which I come with reference to now. The members of the American Legion, Disabled Ameri­ its desirability as a location for the placement of airplane can Veterans, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Spanish War Vet­ factories, or the training of our aviators and mechanics. erans, and Jewish War Veterans of the United States, and In Minnesota, especially around the Twin Cities, where we their respective auxiliaries, have, from the very inception of have one of the finest airports in the world, known as the this matter, been most active and helpful. I want to ac­ Wold-Chamberlain Airport, named after two World War knowledge publicly the sincerity of their work and the splendid heroes, we have just about the finest weather conditions in service they have rendered not only to their active member­ the Nation for the year round manufacture and flying of ship but to many ex-service men not enlisted in their re­ airplanes and training of pilots. spective posts. We have an average of about 3 stormy days a month; The bill before us is the second deficiency appropriation in other words, practically all of our weather is bright, clear, and carries an item of $1,000,000 to remain available until and sunshiny. I noticed in a local eastern paper that 29 expended for additional hospital and domiciliary facilities. days of one month were cloudy or stormy for that particular During consideration of this item by the Committee on Ap­ locality. propriations I appea.red, at p~ge 487· of the hearings, and We have the correct temperature for training flyers, a presented a statement of the correspondence passing between temperature which would make it possible for them to get President Roosevelt and me in reference to this much-needed training under all conditions. And on those rolling prairies improvement. we have a level terrain devoid of mountains and high hills In the President's letter of April 17 I was assured that which you find in so many districts. I well realize that the he, the President, had directed the Administrator of Veterans' gentleman from Connecticut has a wonderful lay-out, as does Affairs, who is Chairman of the Federal Board of Hospitaliza­ the gentleman from Missouri at St. Louis. But they do not tion, to cause the Board to make a coznprehensive review of compare with our own lay-out up in the Twin City area. the entire hospital construction needs and to submit to him on In addition to the wonderful weather conditions there, we or before May 1 a complete program with recommendations have a reservoir of native-born labor, high-class mechanics, covering the entire subject. This was done, just as President many of them now unemployed who are available and waiting Roosevelt stated, and I am happy to find in the bill today the to be called to serve the Nation in its present emergency and initial appropriation to carry out what President Roosevelt need to hasten preparedness. and the Veterans' Administration believe to be necessary to Let me call the attention of the powers that be, of the complete the hospitalization needs for all of our veterans. authorities in control of the proposed program, who will make The veterans, and I believe their many friends in the State the decisions that are to be made within the next few weeks of Maryland, will be most appreciative of the cooperation with reference to this problem, to the thing which· every shown by the President in this matter and also of the recom­ school child knows stopped Napoleon and defeated him in mendation which General Hines made to the committee in his his historic campaign against the Russians; to what is now statement found at pages 118 to 123, inclusive, of the hear­ being practiced in China; to what the French tried to do last ings. week when they moved their Government from Paris intiD the Last year, when a statement was released by the Veterans' center of the nation at Tours; and to what, in my mind, is' Bureau that proposed sites for the new hospital in Balti­ just good common sense; that is, that we should get our more or vicinity, would be received I hoped that by this time defensive industry and strategic factories inland. Get them the actual location would have been determined and all into the center of the Nation as far away from enemy bomb­ plans for the improvement released. But it was easy for ing and attack as possible. me to appreciate, when we convened in January, the reasons for the delay in appropriating the necessary funds. I had This is especially practical with reference to the airplane hoped then that this deficiency bill would provide sufficient industry and the training of pilots, and I hope the Government money to make the improvement available immediately, but authorities will consider it their patriotic duty to set up their in view of the fact that the national-defense program has contemplated airplane expansion program in the midconti­ required such heavy. expenditures, and made necessary so nent area, starting right at the best spot of all, at Minne­ much additional taxation, and has especially called for the apolis and St. Paul, where weather and geographical condi­ increased use of the industries of the country, I am inclined tions are most attractive. Start in Minnesota, farthest re­ to agree with the position taken by General Hines in his moved in the Nation from all primary danger spots on the testimony before the committee that the acquisition of the coasts, and from the present overcrowded industrialized areas, site and the preparation of the plans is about all they could and where the people are best qualified and capable from possibly do between now and the first of next year when every standpoint of cooperating in such a program. Congress reconvenes. I quote from his testimony as follows: Last week a delegation of aldermen visited the officials here Mr. LUDLow. Without expressing any doubt as to the value of this and thoroughly acquainted them with the advantages we have program, I am wondering why it was brought in on a deficiency bill. to offer at Minneapolis, and I know there can be no excuse for General HINES. The study, Congressman LUDLOW, was not com­ failure to give active response to their representations. Our pleted in time for the President to really act on it, or else it would have been included earlier. We could have included such an item, people are now awaiting a statement from the administration, but we would have been guessing. With a more definite proposition. indicating that wise and constructive action has been decided we thought it would meet with approval all the way along. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8527 Mr. LUDLOW. In other words, you are ready now to go ahead, purpose a few years ago. I realize that you cannot cut it Whereas you were not ready before? all out, but I believe that if the Appropriations Committee General HINES. That ·1s right. ·Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How soon could you start the three new would do a little cutting here and there, a good share of this facilities if this appropriation is approved? eighteen and one-half million dollars could be saved for the General HINES. If we had the money? taxpayers of this country. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Yes. General HINES. It would require, I should say, from now until the Mr. Chairman, let me repeat, that with our Government time when you come back again, if you adjourn until the first of the carrying the biggest debt in all of its history and with the year, before we could have the sites selected, the titles cleared, and need of the spending of billions of dollars more to provide the plans ready. In my judgment, we would not be able to go any faster if we had the full amount for all three projects. for a proper defense, and since it is necessary thereby to Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. You will be ready to start on t:1e first of the add to the tax load of our Government, we ought to spend year if this is approved? money only for those things that are absolutely necessary, General niNES. Yes; we will, in my judgment. Also, in my judg­ and we ought to have the courage to reduce the expenditures m ent, :rnowing how long it takes to clear titles and select sites and draw plans for institutions the size of these, I think $1,000,000 is all to the minimum in every case where the funds are not abso­ we should have at this time. lutely needed at the present time. Mr. Chairman, for the safe of the national defense of our The important thing is that the first dollar to make the new country, and for the sake of its taxpayers, let us hold all veterans' hospital for Baltimore or vicinity a reality becomes other expenditures to the very minimum possible. available as a result of the appropriation now before us. It is Mr. Chairman, Congress should not adjourn. It should the beginning of the early end to a long but successful and stay in session during the impending crisis. In the mean­ worthwhile fight. I am happy to have been in a position, as time, it should take time to examine and investigate the a Member of Congress, to lend my time and support to this items that are being appropriated by this Government, with very worthwhile effort, resulting in services of an invaluable a view of making such adjustments as are fair and reason­ character not only to my comrades of Maryland but to all able in order that we may have sufficient funds to take care parts of the United States. I say this because it is easy for of our defense program. · [Applause.] me to look ahead and prophesy that the new unit to be erected [Here the gavel fell.] 111 Baltimore or vicinity will very likely be one of a special The CHAIRMAN. All time has expired. The Clerk will character wherein the facilities and medical knowledge avail­ read. able in Baltimore, possibly the greatest medical center of the The Clerk read as follows: world, will be utilized for such purposes. I thank the mem­ Be it enacted, 'etc., That the following sums are appropriated, bers of the committee for the favorable consideration they out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to have given this item, and hope that in the reading of the bill supply deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year under the 5-minute rule there will be no effort to disturb the ending June 30, 1940, and for prior fiscal years, to provide supple­ appropriation as now provided. mental appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1940, [Here the gavel fell.] and June 30, 1941, and for other purposes, namely: Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last gentleman from Kansas [Mr. REES]. word. Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, I realize that in a Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to proceed out of few minutes no one can discuss adequately a bill with so order for 5 minutes, primarily to make -an announcement. many different items and with so much involved, with any The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? degree of satisfaction. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman-­ I rise, at this time, however, to call attention to the Mr. FISH. This is about a colleague. fact that I think it is high time for the members of the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. If the gentleman makes an Appropriations Committee, as well as the Members of Con­ announcement, he will start an argument. gress, to scrutinize a little more carefully these expenditure Mr. FISH. No; this is not an argument. bills. Mr. Chairman, in view of the fact that our country Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. -The gentleman is not going is already $45,000,000,000 in debt, and since we are adding to start an argument? four billions more for national defense, and since we are Mr. FISH. No; I promise that. It is rather unusual, l going to add more billions in the future ·for that purpose, admit. we ought to begin, even at this late date, to cut expenses Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It would be unusual if the except where they are absolutely necessary. gentleman did not start an argument. I think the total amount in this bill is $57,000,000, most Mr. FISH. I agree with the gentleman, but this is the of it, very likely, is needed for the purposes for which it is exception that proves the rule. I think, could well be stricken out. You have in this bill The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of being appropriated, .but there are a great many items that, the gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH]? an item of $50,000 for a new weather bureau at Boston. There was no objection. According to the record and according to the debate, this weather bureau was not advocated by the Department in Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, one of the outstanding and Washington, but was promoted by the good people of Bos­ distinguished Members of this House who has given long, ton. I do not think that the record, so far, has justified the able, and faithful service in the House of Representatives need for the expenditure of this item. was yesterday nominated on the Republican ticket for United Just to show how you are spending money, this after­ States Senator in the State of Maine. [Applause.] noon, in the face of the present crisis, there are two items Mr. BREWSTER has served many years with us in the House. amounting to $450,000, almost a half million, in this bill to We know him as a Member of real ability. We also know help the World's Fair at San Francisco and the one at .that the State of Maine is a Republican stronghold, and New York. Mr. Chairman, we have already spent $3,500,- that the nomination is almost equivalent to election, the 000 on these two institutions within the last year. I think same as nominations on the Democratic ticket in the South that, in view of the condition of the Treasury, as well as are equivalent to election. the condition of the country, we had better save that one­ We in the House will miss our colleague, who is popular half million. with all of us. He has rendered a great service to his coun­ Another thing, Mr. Chairman, there is an appropriation of try here and to our deliberations. We know that he will eighteen and one-half million dollars in this bill for the continue to serve his country and his party and to use his Post Office Department. I am informed that the various legislative experience, training, and ability in the interest executive departments of the Government cost the Post of the American people when he goes to the Senate of the Office Department something over $40,000,000 a year just United States. We say to him, "Hail and farewell;" but we for publicity concerning their various governmental func­ hope that after he becomes a Member of that august body tions. This is millions more than was being spent for this he will remember us, Democrats and Republicans alike, who 8528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 sit in this humble part of the legislative branch of the Gov .. I read the proposals of the distinguished gentleman with ernment. [Applause.] amazement and with deep concern, because he is looked upon Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the and by many considered as a spokesman for the administra­ last two words. tion. I am wondering if the distinguished gentleman was Mr. Chairman, I appreciate very much the kind words of sending up a trial balloon at the behest of the White House to the gentleman from New York. I derived only one lesson give the President an indication of whether or not the Con­ from my recent experience which may bear upon the prob­ gress of the United States was continuing, as it has for the lem with which we are immediately faced. Many of us here last 7 years, to be a servile, rubber stamp for the executive have been concerned with what might be going on back branch of the Government, and whether the time is propitious home and with whether or not we should adjourn. for the President to come out with a proposal to set up. a I do not presume that my record or my constituency are dictatorship in this country. Judging by the past three Con­ in any way unique, but I carried on a campaign without gresses and the past 7 years, it would not surprise me in the missing scarcely a session or a roll call. It seems evident least if the ·congress were to supinely surrender the few con­ that nothing would be more satisfactory to our constituents stitutional prerpgatives it now retains-and thus confer dicta­ than to remain steadfastly here upon the job to which torial powers upon the Executive. It would not surprise me in they have assigned us. This is the lesson I derived from this the least if the Executive were to ask for these extraordinary recent experience. I hope it may mean that Congress will powers because he has a very exalted opinion of himself and continue in rather constant session and carry on the very his ability to rule without help from anyone. [Applause.] grave responsibilities of keeping America and American de­ [Here the gavel fell.] mocracy secure. [Applause.] The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Salaries and expenses: For an additional amount for salaries and DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE expenses, Bureau of the Budget, fiscal year 1941, including the FOREST SERVICE objects specified under this head in the Independent Offices Appro­ Reconstruction and repair of roads and other improvements, na­ priation Act, 1941, $50,000: Provided, That the limitation on the amount which m ay be expended under this head for temporary tional forests in California: For the reconstruction of roads, trails, employment of persons or organizations by contract or otherwise bridges, and other improvements in the national forests in Califor­ without regard to sect ion 3709 of the Revised Statutes or the civil­ nia, damaged or destroyed by floods in February and March 1940, fiscal year 1940, $200,000, to remain available until December 31, service or classification laws is hereby increased to $100,000. 1940. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer an· amendment to Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. strike out the paragraph. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. FisH: On page 22, after line 4, insert Mr. KNUTsoN moves to strike out the paragraph . beginning on a new paragraph as follows: page 5, line 17, and ending in line 25. "Rubber investigation: An investigation for the production of Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, on yesterday in another rubber in the Western Hemisphere, $1,000,000." body a d l stingui~ hed gentleman rose and suggested a seven­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I hope the members of the point program for the rehabilitation of the United States. I committee will give their attention to this proposal. The would like to call these recommendations to the attention of Secretary of Agriculture and the experts under him have the Members of the House because they are most extraordi­ made an extensive study as to the possibility of producing nary; in fact, were they adopted, it would, in effect, set up rubber in South America. I have had several talks with a dictatorship in this country as vicious as any they have tne Secretary himself. This proposal does not emanate across the sea. from me. I am not interested at all in rubber of any kind. The suggestions are as follows: The Secretary Oif Agriculture, however, is vitally interested in First. Confer upon the President full wartime power to this amendment and wants favorable action on it. In prepare and defend America. . view of the fact that it is not in the bill I have taken occa­ Second. Universal-defense service, so that every citizen sion to present it. Just why I should be the spokesman for may be best trained and placed for the country's defense. the Democratic Secretary of Agriculture I do not know, Third. Confer upon the President power to suspend all but I do know that several of his experts were sent down rules, regulations, and statutes, including Army, Navy, and to my office by Secretary Wallace in favor of the proposal departmental seniority regulations, which, in his judgment, and proved to me the need and urgency for it. interfere with the maximum speed in the production, trans­ I am talking directly to the Democrats, because if you portation, or manufacture of defense materials. Democrats do not want this project it will not be written Fourth. Confer upon the President power to suspend the into law because you control legislation. I am presenting the present debt limitation if, in his judgment, such limitation amendment on its merits and I think I can make a very interferes with the maximum speed of the defense program. sound case for it on its merits. Fifth. Grant the President the authority to aid in material Secretary Wallace tells me there are 23,000,000 acres in or credit those countries and nations which, in his judgment, South America available to grow rubber. He said we ought at this time constitute America's first line of defense. to find out the best acreage, where they have the proper Sixth. The President and the Congress to begin immedi­ amount of rainfall and the proper kind of soil, and we can ately the preparation and the adoption of a defense budget then grow rubber. in South America just as well as it is grown and a tax program adequate for the national defense. in the Malay States. Seventh. Confer on the President the power to take into This is no little matter I am discussing, and I do hope the custody for the duration of the defense effort all aliens Members of the House will pay some attention to the facts whose freedom would, in his opinion, jeopardize the defense that I am presenting and act accordingly. program. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield I am wondering whether we are ready for a program of this for a question? kind in the United States. Mr. FISH. I yield. Carried to its logical conclusion, it would suspend consti­ Mr. DONDERO. Is it not a fact that Ford is already pro­ tutional government. It would set up a military autocracy ducing rubber with a great degree of success now in Brazil? in this country, and I submit that we have already gone much Mr. FISH. The gentleman is correct. We are the great­ too far in that direction already. It would make the Presi­ est consumers of rubber in the world and the British Em­ dent absolutely supreme in Budget making, in determining pire and Holland have a monopoly on this rubber. We pay how much shall be spent, and also give him free rein insofar outrageous prices for it. We consume, I think, something as the limit on the national debt is concerned. Then, too, he like 60 or 70 percent of it. Mr. Ford went down to South could place in confinement all who disagreed with his policies Am~rica 10 years ago and invested millions of dollars and and actions. has a huge plantation there. It takes 7 or 8 years to grow 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8529 a rubber tree to the point where it will produce. Some June 17, 1940, eliminating wherever necessary for the sake people believe, in spite of what my distinguished friend from of brevity. Mr. Ford's company went to South America in Michigan has said, that Mr. Ford did not make an adequate 1927 and took over 2,000,000 acres. There he started his investigatior~ of his location and that there is not proper rubber experimentation on a large scale, investing millions rainfall there, although there is just across the mountain of dollars. Everything has gone along all right, except that ranges. all the rubber which Mr. Ford has produced in South The Secretary of Agriculture and his experts are abso­ America in all that time can be loaded into a single rubber lutely convinced that there is ample and abundant acreage factory in the United States of America. The first thing in South America to grow rubber, and they are supposed he ran into was a leaf difficulty. The leaves of the plant to be the best experts in the world. down there were susceptible to plant disease. Next, he had I am informed that rubber originally came from South difficulty with native labor, and so, after 13 years of ex­ America and was transported to the East Indies where, un­ perimentation in Brazil on 2,000,000 acres, there is still little der British control, it was intensely developed. So from to show except a very modest production of rubber which every point of view, not alone of national defense, this is an is ·infinitesimal in comparison with our needs. important proposal. Some of our well-known international In our own country we tried it with guayule, this Mexican columnists have even suggested that we should go to war plant. Mr. Baruch and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., have ex­ immediately in defense of ourselves because we do not have pended millions of dollars in Texas. There they planted over rubber and tin, and therefore we had better get into this 40,000 acres of guayule, and just as soon as the price of war to safeguard a supply of these two essential commodi­ natural rubber went down, the production of guayule rubber ties. If that is so, if there is a word of truth in it, my went down to 3,000 pounds a year, and that is where it is at amendment should stand on its own merits. Congress the present time, without hope of rehabilitating it, because should have acted 20 or 30 years ago under Republican ad­ of inherent difficulties involved. ministrations, because it is in the interest of the American I contend that our biggest hope is in the industrial field, people who are the consumers and we are being held up even though there are drawbacks here also. There are many every year and highjacked on rubber prices because of a types of industrial rubber today. For instance, there is neo­ foreign monopoly, and right at our back door and on our prene, which was first discovered by a professor at Notre own continent, we can grow rubber if we spend just a small Dame University. Next, there is Butadiene, manufactured by sum of money to locate the most suitable land, soil, and the Germans, today, and being used by them today to take rainfall in South America. the place of natural rubber. Then there is Thiokol, and the And, after all, if I am willing as a Republican to urge that Goodrich Co.'s Koroseal. It is only within the last 2 or 3 $1,000,000 be placed in the hands of a Democratic Secretary weeks that the Goodrich Co. held an exposition in New York, of Agriculture, at least it shows my willingness to have this and there they brought to the attention of the country a new investigation held right away. Under ordinary conditions-­ type of synthetic rubber which they propose to use on the not the emergency which confronts us--I would just as lief treads of rubber tires. They ~re getting the price down and and would prefer to let it go until next year when we will they are going forward in their chemical research in the have a new Secretary of Agriculture under a Republican field of petroleum and the possibility of developing rubber administration to make this investigation. But putting aside from that source. They have announced a rubber known as partisanship,. I feel it is in the interest of all the American Ameripol. That, in my judgment, Mr. Chairman, offers the people, and in the interest of national defense, and I would greatest horizon for research and the possibility of develop­ like to see the Members of Congress vote for this amendment ing rubber in case our supply from Dutch East Indies or the on the merits of the proposal now, as time is of the essence. British is cut off. [Applause.] I can see no virtue in the amendment offered by the gentle­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New man from New York [Mr. F'IsHJ. In the years past we have York has expired. given the Department all of the money that they wanted for Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the research, and nothing has been produced as yet in the way amendment. of real, tangible, commercial, merchantable, visible results. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ So why indulge in the gesture of putting another million dol­ mous consent that all debate on this amendment close in 7 lars into the bill when, after 8 years of continuous and con ..· sistent effort, with all the money that they have asked of the minutes. subcommittee, there is still nothing to show, and I suggest The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? that it is nothing more than a futile gesture. The proposal to There was no objection. put a million dollars into this bill for the purpose of carrying Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent on rubber investigations should be turned down. I would to proceed for 2 additional minutes. rather look to private industry. They are doing a good job The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? now, particularly so in the light of the difficulties of the There was no objection. guayule plants in Texas, and in California because of diffi­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, this whole subject of culty in meeting present price competition. rubber is extremely interesting. It first came to my atten­ So let us let industry work on it for a while. In proportion tion when I was on the subcommittee· for agricultural ap­ as they have found things in other fields of chemical enter­ propriations, when we carried an item for rubber explora­ prise and finally brought it within the reach of the average tion. That first item was in 1933, and carried $75,000. We American pocketbook, I am satisfied that with that kind of carried in excess of $46,000 a year every year up to and inventive genius and resourcefulness they will find the answer including the present appropriation bill for agriculture for in the field of rubber again. 1940. I think you can examine all of the hearings, all of So I respectfully suggest to the committee that the amend­ the testimony adduced by Dr. Auchter and you will find ment offered by my friend from New York [Mr. FisH] ought that we have made no real tangible progress. That is to to be voted down. say that Dr. Auchter and his assistants in the Department, The last sentence of the Time article--page 72, June 17, took up the work where Mr. Edison left off his experimen­ 1940-is interesting. It observes that if Henry Ford cannot tations with goldenrod in the hope that there was enough clean up the Brazilian jungle, only a concerted Government rubber content to make it commercially feasible. However, effort can. that is not the case, and after an expenditure of $438,000 Let me observe that such an effort would prove costly, in the last 8 years, we have nothing definite to show. indeed. An equal amount of money devoted to experimenta­ Now there comes the experiment of Mr. Henry Ford in tion on the industrial front would be more likely to yield far South America, and I shall quote from Time Magazine of greater results. 8530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment tory that has gone out. They wanted me to get the Gov­ offered by the gentleman from New York [Mr. FlsHJ. ernment to take it over, but it never occurred to me to The amendment was rejected. come here ap.d ask my colleagues personally to help me get The Clerk read as follows: it taken care of in a deficiency bill or any bill to let the Observations, warnings, and general weather service: For an addi­ Government take them over. That had not occurred to tional amount for establishing and maintaining a forecast district me. But this is an accomplishment for a person of feelings for New England, fiscal year 1941, including the same objects speci­ without argument. It is all right for anybody to propose fied under the head "General weather service and research" in the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act, 1940, $50,000. anything to you. I never object to that. But it is also wrong for anybody to yield to an individual Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. to personally raid the Federal Treasury. The Clerk read as follows: [Here the gavel fell.] Amendment offered by Mr. LAMBERTSON: On page 26, strike out Mr. WIGGLES1NORTH. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposi­ the paragraph beginning with line 6. tion to the amendment. Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Chairman, this is in line with Mr. Chairman, my good friend the gentleman from Kan­ the argument I made in general debate to strike out this sas [Mr. LAMBERTSON] and I are apt to see pretty much eye $50,000 item for a separate weather bureau in Boston, on the to eye on many problems that come before us. I am sorry ground that it is not a deficiency and it is not an emergency. in this instance that this is not the case. I believe that had The gentleman who followed me said he took pride in this. it been possible for him to have heard in person the testimony He said a Republican newspaper of Boston was one of the of Commander Reichelderfer, Chief of the Weather Bureau, great advocates of this thing. It does not make any difier­ on this item, he would not take his present position in respect ence to me whether it is a Republican newspaper or what to it. it is. It is a chamber of commerce idea, where Democrats Mr. Chairman, I am supporting this item because I believe and Republicans both join if they want some little gravY for it to be justified in the light of our experience in recent years their home city. That is very common. Republican news­ in New England and in the light of the testimony before our papers and Democratic politicians will join many times to get committee. I am supporting it also because I believe it will something for their home community. prove to be economy in the long run. We ought to strike this out. No emergency; no deficiency. In this connection I call attention to the fact that the Of all people that should not be allowed to win a victory, Chief of the Weather Bureau informed your committee that it is a member of the Ways and Means Committee. The in a single instance this winter more than $5,000,000 was Ways and Means Committee has lagged a long time in this saved for the State of Florida as a result of Weather Bureau House to keep up with the already overburdened appropria­ warning; an amount which he said would be sufficient to run tions, and then for a member of the Ways and Means Com­ the Florida frost..:warning service for a hundred years to mittee to come over here and help sink us a little worse, we come on the basis of its present annual cost. ought not to stand for it. [Laughter and applause.] I have here, Mr. Chairman, a letter addressed to my col­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, will the league the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK], gentleman yield? under date of June 15, by Mr. C. C. Clark, the Acting Chief Mr. LAMBERTSON. I yield. of the Weather Bureau. He says among other things, and I Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Is it not true that a quote: weather bureau at Boston near the coast is extremely im­ The citizens residing in New England justly complain of the portant as a part of our national defense? inadequacy of the weather forecast service now provided because the forecasts are now issued from the distant ·forecast center at Mr. LAMBERTSON. Nobody has intimated it as a part Washington, D. C. of national defense. New England, because of its location, varied topography, and Mrs. ROGERS of Ma5$achusetts. I do. I very strongly geographical features, presents forecast problems of a regional nature that require the application of special techniques based on urge it. an intimate knowledge of local conditions and their effect on Mr. LAMBERTSON. We can justify anything and every­ weather occurrences. The territory comprising this district is thing now in the name of national defense. Somebody can crossed by two active storm paths and is affected both winter and figure out a connection for it all. summer not only by disturbances crossing the country from the west but also by coastal storms approaching from the south. It Mr. MURRAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? is impracticable, because of the large size of the Washington fore­ Mr. LAMBERTSON. I yield. cast district as now constituted, for the forecasters to give as in­ Mr. MURRAY. Does not the gentleman know that Bos­ tensiye a detailed study to the changing weather conditions as is ton is a great city and does he not know they were able to . necessary. get 1,900,000 pounds of fluid milk for that city, the only If you look at the hearings on this item commencing at city in the United States that had it? page 192, you will find further statements to the same effect Mr. LAMBERTSON. No; I did not know that. by the Chief of the Weather Bureau. For example, and I Mr. GIFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? quote: Mr. LAMBERTSON. I yield. The Washington district is still one of the largest dis­ tricts, • • • and because of the differences in weather in New Mr. GIFFORD. Did the gentleman ever hear anything England, the special and individual needs of business and indus­ about parity payments? trial interests there, and the large number of people to be served, Mr. LAMBERTSON. Yes, sir; and I voted against them, it is very desirable for them to have a forecast district and a fore~ cast center which can pay attention to their individualized too, just like you did. I dare you to vote against this with needs. • • • The Washington district is just too large for any me. [Laughter.] I dare you to vote against this with me. forecaster or group of forecasters to give specific and specialized Show me you are just as big as I have been and as unselfish forecasting for industry, agriculture, and other fields throughout on this item. You vote with me. I voted with you on the East. • • • A single forecaster cannot handle a district that large. It is simply impossible for him to study the local variations parity payments. [Applause.] in weather and forecast them with the preciseness that he could 1f Mr. GIFFORD. I will say to the gentleman that I have he were forecasting for a smaller area. voted "no" so much that I do not know if I can break the Commander Reichelderfer also stated that-- habit. I am going to try. A f~recaster at Boston could have interpreted the effects Of the Mr. LAMBERTSON. I challenge everybody here to vote hurricane in New England better than the man in Washington on this thing as his own conscience dictates. There is no­ because he could have devoted entire attention to the smaller area. body who claims it is a deficiency. Nobody has proven it is Mr. Chairman, New England, as we all know, had a hurri­ an emergency. Yet here it it. cane during the last year or two which brought with it incal­ I have three towns in my district. One has a railroad culable loss. New England has also had one or two other shop that is about to be abandoned, and they want the Gov­ serious storms since that time. In none of these instances ernment to take it over. Another one has a furniture fac- have we had adequate warnings from the Weather Bureau. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8531 I believe that if this item is included in the bill New Eng­ discovered a method of not only measuring the width of a land should have a far better chance to avoid serious losses; storm but also the depth of a storm. That one development. that the expenditure made should result in very substantial added a great deal to accuracy in the science of weather fore­ economy in the long run. casting. If this were a. $50,000,000 item, I still feel the com­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, wiii the mittee may have been justified in considering it. I am sur­ gentleman yield? prised there should be any debate on this $50,000 item when Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield. the benefits and results must be so apparent to all Members Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. We all know that a great of the House as they were to the members of the Appro- deal of damage and loss of life would have been saved if priations Committee. · Boston had had a weather bureau at the time of the hurri­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the gentleman may cane and :flood in 1938. And also, is it not true that a great extend his own remarks in the RECORD, but to include extra­ many pilots are going to be trained in that area in the near neous matters he will have to receive permission in the House. future? There was no objection. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Yes; that is truo. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recognizes the gentleman Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. As a matter of safety from Massachusetts [Mr. GIFFORD] for 3 minutes. and also as a matter of national defense, we must have more Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Chairman, it is a pleasure to vote adequate information about weather conditions in this area. "yes" on an appropriation. I am so often attempting to force Of course, a great many ships go in and out of the rivers and reductions. The old Weather Bureau used to be called harbors in New England. Old Probability-probably fair, probably something else. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I think my colleague is right. The old story is that out in Maryland an old farmer foretold Among other aviation projects which should be aided by the the weather more accurately than the Weather Bureau here improved Weather Bureau service are the naval aviation base in Washington, and they sent an inspector to learn how he at Squantum, Mass., the new naval air base at Quonsett did it. He took the inspector out in the field and pointed to Point, R.I., and the new Army Northeast Air Base at Chick­ his donkey. He stated, "When the weather is good, he grazes epee Falls, Mass. I hope the amendment of the gentleman contentedly. When bad weather is coming on he shows from Kansas will be defeated. degre.es of uneasiness and by that degree we determine the [Here the gavel fell.] weather." They came back to Washington and they put ·a Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I move that jackass at the head of every Weather Bureau in the country. all debate on this amendment close in 10 minutes. That is a story that perhaps you have heard before. It was The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the in our textbooks of long ago. , · gentleman from Virginia? Today the forecasts are quite accurate. I live in the outer­ There was no objection. most section of the country and I would like to have the · Mr. MILLER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the gentleman from Kansas City go with me on a small steam­ amendment. boat even to the islands not far away and if he did not get Mr. Chairman, we do not want to give this particular item very seasick and disturbed about weather forecasts, then I an exclusively Boston color, or even a Massachusetts color. should be very much mistaken. I can assure the Members of the House that ail of New Eng­ We need this. We went through the hurricane in New land is vitally interested in having this important Weather England and realize the great need of this. Bureau service located, as it will be, in Boston. Outside of Mr. LAMBERTSON. Will the gentleman yield? the arguments we have already heard advanced, I want to Mr. GIFFORD. I yield to the gentleman from Kansas. add one or two. Among the industries that will be served by Mr. LAMBERTSON. Would that Boston situation help this new weather station is that of fishing. Large :fleets of me from being sick if I took that ride with the gentleman? fishing boats operate off the New England coast and off the Mr. GIFFORD. The weather forecaster might warn you coast of Canada. They depend on weather reports for plan­ not to go. Many steamers would not attempt the trip if the ning their trips. Weather Bureau could more effectively function. Now, with The question of national defense has been raised and I was flying added to these other methods of travel, we need this rather surprised that my friend the gentleman from Kansas service more than ever before. I make no excuse for New did not realize the importance of that area to the aviation England. New England contributes bountifully to this industry through the experiments that are being conducted Nation and it is a little picayunish to be objecting to this up there. As recently as Memorial Day I left Hartford in a minor appropriation. [Applause.] plane, depending on weather reports received from the The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recognizes the gentleman Weather Bureau 20 minutes before we left. The re"port was from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK] for 2 minutes. that everything was clear from Hartford to Washington, with Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I have already spoken a ceiling of not less than 1,500 feet into Washington. When on this matter, therefore my remarks will be brief at this we got to Philadelphia we had an 800-foot ceiling, and when time. we got to Baltimore we were on the ground with a four or I call the attention of my colleagues to the fact that there five hundred foot ceiling. I came the rest of the way by is a district forecasting center at present in San Francisco automobile. That did not matter, with plenty of air fields in there. is one at Denver, Colo.; Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Kansa~ that part of the country, but as you go north from Boston, City, Mo.; Chicago; New Orleans; Jacksonville, Fla.; and as my colleague from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER] will bear me Washington, D. C. These stations serve wide areas. This out, there are very few emergency landing fields and these is a district station, the same as these other eight. weather reports are of vital importance. If one Army Mr. LAMBERTSON. Will the gentleman yield? bomber, one of our :flying fortresses, setting out from Wash­ Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the gentleman from Kansas. ington, New York, or Boston to go north, and depending on Mr. LAMBERTSON. Kansas City and Albuquerque are the latest weather report, got information that did not stand not $50,000 stations. They cost about half of that. up and met with a tragic crash, this $50,000 would be more Mr. McCORMACK. Well, I have no argument with the than wiped out with that one accident. gentleman on that. I am referring to the fact that they are I am not going to take the time of the Committee· to refer district forecasting centers. to the effect on agriculture and all these other items, but I New England, as we all know, is the graveyard of maritime would like to say in the closing minutes that I do not believe disasters. The gentleman from Connecticut referred· to the there is any science connected with aviation that has improved fishing industry. New England is also a great maritime so rapidly in the last few years as has the science of fore­ center. We have a northeast wind up there which changes casting the weather. very rapidly, which should be watched and followed closely. I am going to ask to extend my own remarks and to include Reference has been made to the fact that this item has not extracts from a report made by authorities at the Massachu­ been thoroughly considered. It was considered by . the setts Institute of Technology. It was at that school that they Weather Bureau, it was recommended by the Department, 8532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 and it has been personally investigated by the President him­ Mr. TABER. This $20,000,000 is just a drop in the bucket self. A special survey was made to determine whether or not compared with what is coming. · this station was necessary for New England. Mr. DIRKSEN. I agree with the gentleman. Mr. Chairman, I wish I could claim the credit for starting Now, read the testimony. For the 1939 crop-year the loss this, as the gentleman started out by saying, but I have to was $2,150,000 on wheat alone and the Chairman of the give credit where credit is due in order to be intellectually Crop Insurance Corporation comes before the deficiency honest with myself. I give credit to the Boston Herald for committee and states that the minimum loss on wheat will originating this idea. The businessmen up there are all be $14,000,000 for the year 1940. interested. As a matter of fact, last year in New York City The Treasury pays all the administrative expenses. Come there were over 12,000,000 telephone calls to the telephone other years and other losses and by that time we shall have company in connection with the weather, which shows the in­ been fully persuaded that this is only an experiment and a terest in only one city. I have no objection, unlike my friend very tragic and costly experiment at that. I recur to the from Kansas, to other diStrict offices being established where record, and I recall, refreshing my memory this morning on recommended. While I think the opposition of my friend the observation made by our friend from Mississippi [Mr. from Kansas, as far as New England is concerned, is in WHITTINGTON], when in the course of the argument trying to absolute good faith, nevertheless it is without a .recognition include cotton within the provisions of the Crop Insurance of the commanding facts which warrant the establishment Act, he said, "The hearings disclose that the operations in of this station. wheat have been satisfactory." Yes; they have--satisfac­ Mr. LEWIS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman tory to the extent of $2,000,000 in losses in 1939; $14,000,000 yield? of losses in 1940; and fate knows ·what in 1941. Yes; Mr. McCORMACK. I yield. the operations have been satisfactory. They have been costly, Mr. LEWIS of Ohio. Does the gentleman know that in and there is no immediate prospect that it will be self-sus­ the hearings on this matter Commander Reichelderfer, the taining, The present actuarial basis for crop insurance head of the Weather Bureau, has this to say on page 195 of should be reexamined, and if it appears that crop insurance the hearings- at a more moderate premium is not workable, some other Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman from Kansas [Mr. remedy should be considered. LAMBERTSON] read that this morning. The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. Mr. LEWIS of Ohio. That it had nothing to do with the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. origination of this project. - The Clerk read as follows: Mr. McCORMACK. Origination is one thing, and having Amendment offered by Mr. Fum: On page 26, after line 12, insert nothing to do with passing on it is another thing. I took "Tin smelter: For the erection of a tin smelter in the United it up personally with the Director of the Weather Bureau States, $1,000,000." myself, and I have a letter here from the Acting Director, Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I make the dated only the other day, which the gentleman from Massa­ point of order against the amendment that it is not author­ chusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH] referred to, showing that they ized by law. are absolutely for this. I agree that originating is·one thing, Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, .will the gentleman let me con­ and having knowledge is another, and the letter of June 15 tinue for about 3 minutes? of the Acting Director clearly shows support of this station. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I reserve the point of order, Mr. SHOttT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?· Mr. Chairman, for 3 minutes. Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the gentleman from Mis­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Virginia reserves souri. the point of order against the amendnient. Mr. SHORT. The gentleman from Kansas lives as near Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman is correct. Kansas City as I do, and since we have a station in Missouri This is not germane, probably, to the bill, as it is legislation I welcome the opportunity to vote to give you one in Boston. on an appropriation bill and not authorized by law. The Mr. McCORMACK. That is a noble and a statesman­ Committee on Rules gave a rule for a tin investigation. I do like attitude to state. [Laughter and applause.] not believe that is at all necessary, having served for anum­ [Here the gavel fell.] ber of years on a subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs Com­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment mittee investigating tin. We went very thoroughly into the offered by the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. LAMBERTSON]. subject, and we came to the very definite conclusion-in fact, The question was taken; .and on a division (demanded by unanimously-that what we really need is a tin smelter in Mr. LAMBERTSON) there were--ayes 13, noes 80. the United States in order to refine tin ore from Bolivia. So the amendment was rejected. I take this opportunity to present these facts to the Con­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the gress because we use something like 60 percent of all the tin last word. in the world. \Ve are held up on the price of tin because we Mr. Chairman, some months ago there came before this have no smelter here. We have to buy the refined tin from House a bill to include cotton within the provisions of the England and Holland, which have a monopoly and charge Federal Crop Insurance Act. That bill also contained a pro­ monopoly prices. vision to increase the administrative expenses of the Fed­ We can break this monopoly with $1,000,000 by erecting a eral Crop Insurance Corporation from $6,000,000 to $12,000,- tin smelter in the United States, and probably save from 000. Despite my feeble eloquence that bill passed by a vote ten to twenty million dollars a year. of 200 to 113, but I contended at the time that the thing Mr. DIMOND. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? was entirely experimental and that the Federal Treasury Mr. FISH. Yes. was going to suffer as a consequence of that experiment on Mr. DIMOND. Have we not a tin smelter at the present the basis of what was disclosed up to that moment. Now, time in New Jersey? I have been told there is one there it is rather singular that the largest supplemental item in and that Bolivian tin has been smelted there. this bill today is an item to provide for additional subscrip­ Mr. FISH. We have not a workable tin smelter in New tions to the capital stock of the Federal Crop Insurance Cor­ Jersey. Perhaps it should be there. There was one there poration in the sum of $20,000,000, and if you can read a some years ago, but if we had a modern tin smelter in the balance sheet or if you can properly read the item in this United States we would save from ten to twenty million bill you might know full well that they are restoring their dollars a year, and as everyone is now talking in terms of capital structure to the extent of $20,000,000 to get ready for national defense, and as we need tin for our armaments, the losses in 1941. I think it would be money well spent. In addition, our Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for industries consume a great amount of tin, particularly in the a question? use of tin cans. This would be in the nature of an economy Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes; I yield. for our consumers. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8533 Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the Comptroller General to be availed of for any such Mr. FISH. Yes. purpose. Mr. BLOOM. The tin smelter in New Jer$eY is only an Mr. Chairman, I have frequently spoken here on behalf of experimental smelter, experimenting with a new process of the Department of State and our Foreign Service because of smelting tin, but that smelter could not supply anywhere near my membership on the subcommittee which makes appro­ what we need. priations for the State Department. I believe we have a Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I admit that the point of order well-managed State Department and that we have many lies against the proposed amendment, but I hope that the good Foreign Service officers. I say now and have said be­ Members of Congress will see the necessity of having a tin fore that this service is our first line of defense and. is just smelter in the United States for purposes of national defense. as important for the defense of America as is our Army and The CHAIRMAN. The point of order is sustained. Navy. The Clerk read as follows: I am not making an attack on Mr. Biddle personally. I Menominee Indians in Wisconsin: The Secretary of the Interior is do not know him. My friends on the Foreign Relations Com­ hereby auth orized and directed to withdraw from the Treasury of mittee tell me he is a fine gentleman and a good officer. So the Unit ed States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, the far as I personally know, he is not a career man and has sum of $105,000 of any funds on deposit to the credit of the Menomi­ nee Indians in Wisconsin, and to expend such sum, or as much been in the service a very short time. I do not know un~ ·thereof as may be necessary, for making a per capita payment of what circumstances he left his post in Poland nor under $50 to each enrolled member of the Menominee Tribe, such per what circumstances he bases his claim to $243,361 of funds capita payments to be made in four equal monthly installments in our Treasury. I am told that he is a very rich man and during July, August, September, and October, 1940: Provided, That such per capita payment shall be in lieu of the payments authorized is not in need of funds. I am told that he is now employed by the act of June 15, 1934 (48 Stat. 964), for the fair market as sort of an Assistant Ambassador in France. All I am in­ stumpage value of timber cut on the Menominee Reservation during terested in is the condition of our Treasury and our tax­ the fiscal years 1940 and 1941: Provided further, That the amounts payers in this very dark hour. I feel Mr. Biddle's demand expended for making such per capita payment shall be reimbursed to the tribal funds utilized therefor from sums that would other­ for this money is unreasonable. I want the record to show wise be paid such Indians pursuant to the act of June 15, 1934, that Congress knows of this bill and also that we do not want supra. any of the funds we are now appropriating in this last defi­ Mr. MURRAY. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ ciency bill to go toward the payment of this unreasonable ment which I send to the desk. claim. The Clerk read as follows: While I have not had the opportunity, because this matter Amendment offered by Mr. MURRAY: Page 27, line 20, strike out has just been called to my attention, to contact the Depart­ the word "four" and insert the word "two", and on page 27, strike ment of State, I am confident that they would never lend their out the word "August" and insert "and October" and before the endorsement to such a raid on our Treasury as is proposed in word "September", insert the word "and". the bnl introduced in the Senate by Senator GuFFEY. We are Mr. WOODRUM. of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I have no not niggardly in our appropriations to Mr. Biddle, and our objection to the amendment. other ambassadors. We pay for their transportation and the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the transportation of their entire families to and from theiT posts. amendment. We give them heat allowances, rent allowances; we give them The amendment was agreed to. allowances to make up the difference in the cost of living where they are as compared to the cost of living in the United The Clerk read as follows: States; we pay them in gold so there is no loss of exchange, Emergencies arising in the Diplomatic and Consular Service: For an additional amount to enable the President to meet unforeseen and in addition to all their perquisites we give them allow­ emergencies arising -in the Diplomatic and Consular Service, and to ances for entertainment and representation; and do not for­ extend the commercial and other interests of the United States and get, we also pay for the transportation of all their household to meet the necessary expenses attendant upon the execution of the goods both ways. All of this, in addition to their salaries, Neutrality. Act, to be expended pursuant to the requirement of section 291 of the Revised Statutes (31 U. S. C. 107), fiscal year 1941, which in the case of Mr. Biddle, is $17,500 per year. $1 ,000,000; of which $50,000 shall, in the discretion of the President, If we are to embark upon a . policy of compensating every­ be available for personal services in the District of Columbia. one for any personal loss that they might sustain as a result . Mr. STEFAN. -Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the of their contact with hostilities we would have to be consistent last word. I rise to inquire of the chairman of the subcom­ and pay for the loss of every tooth brush and pocket coml' mittee whether or not in this particular item of $1,000,000 that any of our citizens might sustain as the result of the con­ for Diplomatic Service there is anything to compensate any ditions which exist in Europe at this time. [Applause.] particular Foreign Service officer for damages done to their The Clerk read as follows: personal household goods in the recent war in Poland? My INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN attention has been called to a bill introduced in the Senate Salaries and expenses: For an additional amount for salaries and expenses, International Joint Commission, United States and Great to pay Anthony Biddle, former Ambassador to Poland, the Britain, fiscal year 1941, including the objects specified under the sum of $243,361 out of our Treasury for some alleged damage appropriation for such pur.l?ose in the State Department Appropria­ to some of his household goods. tiOn Act, 1941, and includmg also the salary of one commissioner Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ on the part of the United States, notwithstanding the provision to the contrary contained in such act, who shall serve at the pleasure tleman yield? of the President, $7,500. Mr. STEFAN. I yield to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order WooDRUM]. against the paragraph on page 43, beginning in line 1 and Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. This is not available for the ending in line 11. purpose the gentleman inquires about. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I concede the Mr. STEFAN. I am glad to be reassured by the chairman point of order. that none of the money in this appropriation for "emergen­ The CHAffiMAN. The point of order is sustained. cies arising in diplomatic and consular service" can be used The Clerk read as follows: for the purposes of any such indemnification. I am not so Transportation of bullion and coin: For an additional amount sure, however, that I share the thought of the gentleman for transportation of bullion and coin, between mints, assay offices, from Virginia [Mr. WooDRUM] as to whether or not this ap­ and bullion depositories, including compensation of temporary em­ propriation could be used for this purpose as I am advised ployees, fiscal year 1940, $1,608,000, to remain available until June that this fund is available without restriction for any un­ 30, 1941. foreseen emergencies that the President may decide to use Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. the fund for. The Clerk read as follows: I do feel confident, however, that the Secretary of State Amendment offered by Mr. TABER: Page 50, llne 20, strike out would not permit this appropriation which is not audited by "$1,608,000" and insert "$1,450,000." 8534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, this amendment is offered to Mr. FISH. It encourages all of the nations of the world reduce the amount available for 'the transportation of gold to gang up on the United States and to rob us if they can. from New York to Fort Knox by $158,000. This is a very It is our duty, therefore, to see that we have the greatest small reduction, but it serves to protest against the crazy navy in the world to protect this gold. So we not only pay program we have had for the last 7 years of buying gold at twice the cost of production for this useless metal, but we $35 an ounce and putting it under the ground where it is no will have to have a navy twice as big to protect it and the good to the country. If we are ever going to stop this propo­ United States. I think the gentlewoman from Illinois is sition, we have got to begin to refuse to appropriate money quite correct in her logic, as she generally is. for that purpose. Now, this amendment is seriously offered by my distin­ I hope this amendment will be adopted. guished colleague from New York. I regret he did not go In addition to that, it would seem as if they could save that further and try to economize more than $250,000, but let amount of money out of the appropriation without the slight­ us economize at least that amount and see if we cannot est difficulty. I hope this amendment will be adopted and we put some of these agencies to work transporting this useless can save a little money. gold and save $250,000 at least. It is worth while once in Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amend­ a while even to try to save such a relatively small amount ment. as $250,000. [Applause.] M;r. Chairman, I had proposed, until my colleague the [Here. the gavel fell.J gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] offered this amend­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I move that ment, to offer a somewhat similar amendment, but going all debate on this amendment close in 2 minutes. further, reducing the amount from $1,608,000 to $1,000,000, or The CHAIRMAN. Without objection it is so ordered. a reduction of $608,000, whereas the amendment offered by the· There was no objection. gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] would reduce it Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, the amend­ $250,000. ment of the gentleman· from New York was, as he frankly It seems to me, Mr. Chairman, that that is a rather large said, offered as a protest against the policy of the United sum of money-$1,608,000-to transfer gold from one section States Government of buying gold. of the United States to the other, and that we might very The adoption of the amendment would not settle any well economize, justifiably, by asking the Army to use some of such policy. It could not be settled by withholding funds its trucks or mule trains and work out this transportation that are asked for the purpose of moving the gold; nor problem. If we ever enter into war, one of the greatest would it settle any policy by holding up the funds. All problems will be that of transportation. they would do would be to move as much as they could and We might very well say to the Army General Staff, "Why leave the rest in the vaults in New York where they say it is not work out this problem and save us some money? You not prudent to leave it. might put to work your mule trains and trucks that have As appears from page 354 of the hearings the Post Office little to do in peacetimes." We might use that mule train Department receives a fee of $180 per $1,000,000 for shipping from Death Valley that was here in Washington the other gold from New York to Fort Knox. The estimated cost of day and save some money in the transportation of this gold moving this bullion from the New York Assay Office to the to be buried out in the State of Kentucky; Fort Knox bullion depository totals $1,608,000, including the Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? services of laborers and guards. Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. KNUTSON. Why can we not use W. P. A. labor in Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. the transportation of this gold? Mr. KNUTSON. Why could not this gold be melted down Mr. FISH. I think that is an excellent idea. Why not into ingots so heavy that it would be impossible for anyone give them something actually to do of benefit to our country to carry it off? and save us some money? I think we would find we could ;M:r. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is in bars. save the amount of money suggested by the gentleman from Mr. FISH. What the gentleman means is that it should be melted down into the form of a golden calf so it could be New York [Mr. TABER]. worshiped. · Mr. KNUTSON. Well, we might give it to Hopkins to Mr. KNUTSON. I would rather have a golden bull. play with. He would get rid of it in a hurry. [Laughter.] Mr. FISH. Certainly somebody is going to play with Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gentleman from Min­ this money. We do not need this huge amount of money to nesota is facetious. I am trying to talk on the record. This bury gold in the ground. To my way of thinking, that is is an important matter to the Treasury. Withholding the the greatest single fiasco of the New Deal. It is the height funds will merely prevent them from shipping the gold. of all New Deal follies-the purchasing of gold at $35 an The Treasury Department does not feel that it is wise to ounce where it costs $18 or $19 to produce it in South Africa leave it where it is. I do believe the Congress ought not to and $10 an ounce in Soviet Russia, and we pay three times take the responsibility of leaving it in New York. The Fort the cost of production to the Russians and twice the cost Knox depository was established especially for this purpose. of production to South Africans for gold which they take I hope the amendment will be defeated. out of the ground and we transport it over here and then The CHAIRMAN. The· question is on the amendment of­ we bury it back into the ground, where is serves no useful fered by the gentleman from New York. purpose, where it draws no interest, where it feeds nobody, The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by where it clothes nobody, where it puts nobody to work, Mr. TABER) there were--ayes 60, noes 82. and does not in any way solve any of our problems, but So the amendment was rejected. rather hinders international trade and forces other nations The Clerk concluded the reading of the bill. into the barter system which the President denounced Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I move that yesterday. the Committee do now rise and report the bill back to the Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ House with an amendment, with the recommendation that man yield? the amendment be agreed to and that the bill as amended Mr. FISH. I willingly yield to the gentlewoman from do pass. Illinois. The motion was agreed to. Miss SUMNER of Illinois. The gentleman is a distin­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having guished expert on peace. Does he not think it endangers our resumed the chair, Mr. BLAND, Chairman of the Committee peace having so much gold right in the center of the United of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that States, where every potential enemy would know about it that Committee, having had under consideration the bill H. R. , and be anxious to ·get it? 104104, the second deficiency bill, directed him to report the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8535 • f

same back to the House with an amendment, with the recom­ :S:ouse to the amendments of the Senate. thus making the pro­ vision identical with provisions incorporated in the regular· annual mendation that the amendment be agreed to and that the bill Army and Navy appropriation bills for 1941, already enacted. as amended do pass. J. BUELL SNYDER, Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move the pre- DAVID D. TERRY, ' vious question on the bill and the amendment to final passage. JOE STARNES, The previous question was ordered. Ross A. COLLINS, JOHN H. KERR, The SPEAKER. The question is on the amendment. D. LANE POWERS, The amendment was agreed to. ALBERT J. ENGEL, The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, FRANCIS CASE, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Managers on the part of the House. sider was laid on the table. Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for WAR DEPARTMENT CIVIL FUNCTIONS APPROPRIATION BILL, 1941- the immediate consideration of the conference report on the CONFERENCE REPORT bill H. R. 8668, the War Department civil functions appro­ Mr. SNYDER submitted the following conference report priation bill, 1941. and statement on the bill (H. R. 8668) making appropria­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, my tions for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, for civil func­ understanding is that the Senate conferees yielded to the tions administered by the War Department, and for other House position upon every amendment which was in disagree­ purposes: ment, and that that is what the conference report results in. CONFERENCE REPORT Mr. SNYDER. That is correct, exactly. The committee of confer"ence on the disagreeing votes of the two Mr. TABER. For that reason I havE: agreed that I would Houses on certain amendments of the Senate and amendments of not object to the gentleman's bringing it up at this time. the House to certain amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the 8668) making appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, gentleman from Pennsylvania? 1941, for civil functions administered by the War Department, and for other purposes, having met, after full and free conference, · There was no objection. have agreed t o recommend and do recommend to their respective The Clerk read the conference report. Houses as follows: The conference report was agreed to. That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 11. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Amendment numbered 21: That the Senate recede from its dis­ . ELECTION CONTEST--JOHN R. NEAL V. ESTES KEFAUVER agreement to the amendment of the House to the amendment of the Senate numbered 21 , and agree to the same. Mr. BELL, from the Committee on Elections No. 1, sub­ Amendment numbered 22: That the Senate recede from its dis­ mitted the following privileged resolution, House Resolution agreement to the amendment of the House to the amendment of 534 Denmark? · And does not the gentleman feel tria, France, Russia, and Prussia; it covered the whole West­ that they would be glad to negotiate to sell those countries? ern Hemisphere, those parts occupied by the Spanish colonies Mr. FISH. I think we ought to protect the Dutch islands and other parts; it was aimed at the allied system. instead of letting the French and British occupy them. Fur­ Secretary Knox, speaking before the American Society thermore, I think we ought to buy all the islands off our for the Judieial Settlement of International Disputes on coast immediately or acquire them by peaceful means before November 8, 1911, said: other complications develop. The doctrine has been respected, and ls now respected, and it [Here the gavel fell.] will continue to be respected so long as we seem reasonably able to uphold it. Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he may desire to the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]. Mr. Elihu Root, speaking before the American Society of Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to International Law on April 22, 1914, on the subject The extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include a Real Monroe Doctrine, said: radio address which I made today. • • • It ls a declaration of the United States that certain The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. acts would be injurious to the peace and safety ot: the United States, and that the United States would regard them as unfriendly. There was no objection. • • • The doctrine is not international law, but it rests Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentle­ upon the right of self-protection, and that right is recognized by man from New York [Mr. BLOOM]. international law. • • • We frequently see statements that the doctrine has Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I believe we should get back been changed or enlarged; that there is a new or different doctrine to the resolution to be considered and the rule making it in since Monroe's time. They are mistaken. There has been no order. change. · • • • A false conception of what the Monroe Doctrine is, of This resolution is very simple. It states: what it demands, and what it justifies, of its scope, and of its Resolved, etc., (1) That the United States would not recognize any limits, has invaded the public press, and affected public opinion transfer, and would not acquiesce in any attempt to transfer, any within the last few year&. geographic region of the Western Hemisphere from one non-Amer­ ican power to another non-American power; and . Secretary Hughes, in an article printed in the American (2) That if such transfer or attempt to transfer should appear Journal of International Law, made these statements: · likely, the United States shall, in addition to other measures, im­ The Monroe Doctrine is not a policy of aggression: it is a policy mediately consult with the other American republics to determine of self-defense. • • • It still remains an assertion of the prin­ upon the steps which should be taken to safeguard their common ciple of national security. As such, it is obviously not exclusive. interests. • • • The decision of the question as to what action the United Mr. Speaker, this is nothing new. It began, you might States should take in any exigency arising in this hemisphere is not controlled by the content of the Monroe Doctrine, but may always say, with the formation of our Government. George Wash­ be determined on grounds of international right and national se­ ington referred to it many times. A resolution was approved curity as freely as if the Monroe Doctrine did not exist. • • • by the Congress on January 15, 1811, and remember that was The Monroe Doctrine rests "upon the right of every sovereign State to protect itself by preventing a condition of affairs in which it 12 years before the Monroe Doctrine was presented to the will· be too late to protect itself." Congress in an address. The Monroe Doctrine occupied about one-half page of 13 pages sent to the Congress in 1823. It should be observed, however, that on April 4, 1864, the The resolution of 1811, referred to above reads as follows: House passed without dissent a resolution which contem­ Taking into view the peculiar situation of Spain, a.nd of her plated that- American provinces; and considering the influence which the The Congress of the United States are unwilling by silence to leave destiny of the territory adjoining the southern border of the United the nations of the world under the impression that they are indif­ States may have upon their security, tranquillity, and commerce: ferent spectators of the deplorable events now transpiring in the Therefore be it Republic of Mexico, and that they therefore think fit to declare 8540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 that it does not accord with the policy of the United States to isted in France and England for a decade and succeeded in acknowledge any monarchical government erected on the ruins of undermining their national unity have been at work in this any republican government in· America under the auspices of any European power. country during the same period on a larger and more active scale. \Ve, too, have been inundated with the same foreign While this resolution does not in terms refer to the Monroe propaganda which disunited France and England. Only Doctrine, nevertheless, its provisions are such as to leave recently the C. I. 0. announced the conditions and terms little doubt that the Monroe Doctrine was in the mind of the under which it was willing to cooperate in the national­ House when this resolution was passed. defense program. A few days ago we read in the newspapers Secretary Clay, in .1825, said: that certain industries engaged in assisting us to prepare have For ourselves, desire no change in the possession of Cuba, been charged by the Department of Justice with collusion as has been heretofore stated. We cannot allow a transfer of the island to any European power. for the purpose of making unreasonable profits. It seems > to me that the administration and the Congress should make Mr, Van Buren, then Secretary of State, on October 13, it clear that America expects everyone to do his duty. We will 1830, when instructing Mr. Van Ness, Minister to Spain, said: not permit anyone to sabotage our national-defense program They inform you that we are content that Cuba should remain . by selfishness, disloyalty, or political expediency. as it now is, but could not consent to its transfer to any European I heard the gentleman's speech with reference to this reso­ power. lution. Let me say to the gentleman and to the Members of Secretary Fish, on July 14, 1870, speaking of the Monroe this Congress that, while we may adopt resolutions and it Doctrine, said: !night be wise to do so, the dictators of Ew·ope will not heed It does not contemplate forcible intervention in any legitimate resolutions. There is only one language that any dictator, contest; but it protests against permitting such a contest to result from the days of Caesar on down through the decades, has in the increase of European power or influence; and it ever impels this Government, as in the late contest between the South Amer­ ever understood, and that is the language of a nation united, ican republics and Spain, to interpose its good offices to secure prepared, and determined to defend its liberty and its inde­ an honorable peace. pendence. Our hands are full with the task of preserving our In his message of December 3, 1901, President Roosevelt own democracy, but there is much that we can do for the declared: cause of freedom in this hour of darkness. We can make sure that on American shores the torch of liberty will be held This doctrine has nothing to do with the commercial relations of any American power, save that it in truth allows each of them aloft to encourage the despairing people in Europe. We can to form such as it desires. • • • We do not guarantee any make sure that we will not repeat the folly that has produced state against punishment if it misconducts itself, provided that the downfall of the French Republic and ·brought England to punishment does not take the form of the acquisition of territory by any non-American power. the verge of destruction. Who is there in this country, employed or unemployed, rich The quotations of Knox, Root, Hughes, Van Buren, Clay, or poor, who has not a vital stake in the preservation of Secretary Fish, and Theodore Roosevelt, give an interpreta­ democratic processes and machinery, without which there tion and an understanding of the Monroe Doctrine in such a can be no progress or improvement? What man is there, broad and comprehensive way that with such information ever so poor he may be, who has any hope of bettering his before us at this time we have the best kind of evidence conditions if slavery is substituted for democratic govern­ to guide the House so that this resolution should pass ment, and freedom is crushed beneath the iron heel of unanimously. ruthless despotism? [Here the gavel fell.] So I say to the ladies and gentlemen of this Congress that EXTENSION OF REMARKS we need firm, y;gnrous, and united action. We must first of Mr. ScRUGHAM asked and was given permission to extend all deal with the '!fifth co-lumn" in this country, which oper- · his own remarks in the RECORD. ates through the same organizations which thrived on Eng­ lish soil and on French soil for 10 years; organizations linked AMENDMENT TO SECTION 12 (B) OF THE SOIL CONSERVATION AND DOMESTIC ALLOTMENT ACT to foreign powers such as we have in the United States today Mr. KLEBERG filed a conference report and statement on that are distributing thousands of pamphlets opposed to na­ the bill H. R. 9594, to amend section 12 (b) of the Soil Con­ tional defense, and are seeking to lull the people into a false servation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, by au­ sense of security; organizations that weakened ·the moral thorizing the transfer of funds to cover advances for crop fiber of France and created hostile camps which destroyed insurance. all hope of unity. I hope the administration will adopt ade­ quate measures and take. vigorous steps. In my judgment MAINTENANCE OF MONROE DOCTRINE the tim~ __ has- come when organizations that are linked to Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ foreign governments and are the representatives of for­ tleman from Texas [Mr. DIEs]. eign dictators, serving the interests and carrying out the Mr. Dms. Mr. Speaker, every friend of liberty and of program of those dictators on American soil, should be de­ democracy is deeply moved by the tragic fate of France. clared illegal. Whiie we are far removed from the scene of her bitter Transfer of sovereignty? Why, already we have a transfer humiliation, we are deeply grieved that an old and valiant of propaganda and foreign ideologies and activities from friend has been struck down. Today France lies prostrate, Europe to the Americas. This is the kind of invasion that is but tomorrow-and there always have been tomorrows and not contemplated by the Monroe Doctrine. It is the invasion always will be-the genius of France will rise again. There that has occurred for the past 10 years by immigration and is nothing we can do to avert her fate, but we can profit importation of foreign agents and organizations, so that when by her mistakes. We can profit from the lessons of disunity, the opportune moment comes the enemies within can coop­ the lessons of internal feuds and disputes. We can profit erate with invading troops. This is the kind of invasion that from the lesson taught us when Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini we must fear; and, more than that, we must fear disunity. flooded France with propaganda, when they built up organi­ We must fear the eternal squabbles and quarrels encouraged zations on French soil to create disunion and to divide the by selfish politicians, and at the same time welcome and nation into hostile camps, when they flooded France with safeguard honest differences of opinion and constructive propaganda, "Peace at any price-there is no necessity to criticism. Now is no time to mince words. prepare." All the time, on French soil, when there was strife I do not mean to say that we are now in danger of any between capital and labor and an unwillingness to make con­ invasion of foreign armies. However, I cannot accept the cessions in the interest of national preservation, the German assurance of Mr. Hitler, "Europe for Europeans" and Reich was welding together its manpower and its national "America for Americans," because I know that Mr. Hitler resources into a single, unprecedented striking force. The and Mr. Stalin and Mr. -Mussolini have already invaded the same Communist, Nazi, and Fascist organizations which ex- Western Heinisphere with their agents and their propa- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8541 gandists. I know they have already violated the promise That is what our people want us to do. · Our people, as "Europe for Europeans and America for Americans" by their never before, are clamoring for unity, the unity that will en­ action in sending their agents to the Americas. I hope, Mr. able us to prepare this country adequately for any emergency Speaker-and I address my remarks to the administration that may arise. Our task is plain. As the democracies fall and to this Congress-that before adjournment we can deal one by one, we must strengthen our resolution and ability to firmly and vigorously with those traitorous organizations in preserve freedom and liberty on our shores. We must make our midst that are seeking to do in this country exactly what certain that every precaution is taken in order to vouchsafe they were able to do in France and in all other countries the preservation of our free institutions, and in doing so we overrun by the dictators. will have performed a great service not only for our own Furthermore, I hope we can come to understand that pre­ people but for mankind everywhere. paredness does not wholly consist of building navies and Mr. SHANLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? armies. You can appropriate money and write laws and Mr. DIES. Yes. pass resolutions and talk until the cows come home, but you Mr. SHANLEY. Under the Panamanian solidarity, with can never prepare a country until it is welded together by the rest of the South American republics, we have a duty to patriotism, until there is unity, cohesion, and harmony among meet with the foreign ministers of those countries whenever people of all classes, all races, and all creeds; until labor and we think foreign ideologists are invading our country, and capital, until business and government, until all of us alike we want to implement ourselves with this resolution today. can understand that today, as ever, democracy is the most But it is necessary that we decide and know what these foreign difficult of all forms of government to retain. Its pres­ ideologies are. ervation requires courage, self-restraint, intelligence, and Mr. DIES. I will give the gentleman a few facts. Mexico, patriotism. by act of Congress, admitted 172,000 people from loyalist Liberty is a priceless possession, something that many have Spain. Ten thousand · of them served in the Army of the ceased to appreciate and properly value. For years you and loyalist government in Spain, and in South America it is I have heard people talk about the rights of citizens, the estimated that there are approximately 600,000 Germans, economic rights of citizens-rights, rights, and while we were and thousands of Italians. talking about rights, Hitler and Mussolini were talking about Mt. SHANLEY. I am interested in the domestic situation. . the duties and responsibilities of citizenship, while their sole Will the gentleman's committee be able to give us the defini­ emphasis upon duty has produced a nation of slaves to the tion of subversive practices, so that by language we will be state-nevertheless we were wrong in always talking about able to put on the statute books what subversive practices rights without at the same time stressing duty and re­ are, and to wipe them out? sponsibility. For every right there must be a corresponding Mr. DIES. With the help of this administration we will duty, and the people must be told that their liberty and inde­ bring you in a bill, first, that will outlaw the German-Amer­ pendence cannot be preserved if they are unworthy of it, and ican Bund, the Communist Party, and other organizations if they lack an appreciation of it. If anyone thinks we can which the committee has found to be agents of foreign preserve liberty under regimented economies and dictatorial governments. [Applause.] That is the first thing we can governments he is in great error. do. [Applause.] The next thing we can do is to prevent So, Mr. Speaker, if our committee can secure full-hearted the admission of foreign agents under the guise of refugees. cooperation, we are in a position to give to the administra­ We have information of foreign agents operating in the tion concrete proposals under which we can break up the United States who came in under the guise of refugees. We "fifth column" in the United States without violating the can put a stop to the laxity that has characterized our en­ Bill of Rights, or resorting to any repressive or undemocratic forcement of existing immigration and deportation laws. We methods. If it is right to say to Mr. Hitler and Mr. Stalin can do this with no hardship to those who are loyal and and Mr. Mussolini, "You shall stay in Europe; you cannot deserving, but certainly it .is a disgraceful spectacle that come to the Western Hemisphere," we have the equal right to here is an organization such as the German-American Bund say to them, "You cannot establish political organizations on with 90 percent of its members naturalized since the World our shores for the purpose of divj.ding our people and destroy­ War, many of whom are veterans of the German Army. ing our liberty"; and if we can secure that cooperation, with­ Yet they come to the United States and receive their nat­ out which it is ·difficult for any committee or for any Mem­ uralization papers, and notwithstanding that fact, they salute ber of Congress to secure the passage of necessary legisla­ the swastika and goose-step with all of the admiration for tion-if we can secure it, I think we can promise this House · Hitler that they would have if they resided in Germany. I that before adjournment we can give it a program of legis­ refer to organizations like the German-American Alliance, lation. We can tighten and strengthen existing immigration with 300,000 members, so they claim, and organizations like laws, which will prevent the entrance of Nazi, Fascist, or the Communist Party. According to the confidential reports Communist agents, and compel the deportation of aliens in of the Communist Party of California, more than half of the this class; we can stop the misuse of the temporary visas membership were born in a foreign country. When anyone under which thousands of aliens have been admitted to the comes to America and thereafter ceases to be loyal, or if he United States who, when their terms expired, could not be gives evidence of his disloyalty to this flag, or if he believes in deported because we were told it was impossible to deport a foreign dictator and in the kind of government that has them since the country from which they came would not been established in foreign· lands more than he does in the accept them. Government of the United States, we can certainly accom­ Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? modate him by putting him on a boat and sending him to the Mr. DIES. No; I want to get these thoughts recorded. country of his affection. [Applause.] \Ve will give you a program of laws that will make it manda­ I could outline to the gentleman a course of procedure that, tory to deal with aliens in our midst who are disloyal to the under existing laws, would enable us to bring to the bar of United States without in any respect harming the loyal and justice men, for instance, like William Browder, who had on patriotic ones, laws that will enable us to outlaw by act of deposit $1,300,000 to his personal account, and who had never Congress organizations that are agents of foreign govern­ paid any income tax; organizations that take in millions of ments, laws that will deal effectually, promptly, and firmly dollars every year in this country, which do not pay any cor­ with the "fifth column" in the United States. When we poration tax, and yet they use their proceeds and their funds shall have done that, then we can prepare this country. We to spread propaganda day in and day out, and seek to intro­ must put our own house in order. We must demand that the duce the same destructive ideology that they succeeded in American Nation be placed in a state of defense-not that we spreading in France, England, and other countries. . anticipate invasion, but the safest way of discouraging it is You who underestimate the power of propaganda fail to for the American Nation to show the totalitarian governments realize that propaganda has always been the strongest arm ; that America, unlike France and England, stands united. of despotism and of tyranny. When a country is subjected to 8542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 it day in and day out, as the people were in France and This resolution is designed for the sole purpose of preserv­ England, it often produces the result of a weakened and dis­ ing our own national defense and of keeping the war from i united country. [Applause.] our hemisphere. I agree with wha.t my colleague, the gen­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Texas tleman from Texas [Mr. DIEs], has just said when he em­ has expired. phasized that one of the essentials in preserving peace and Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on in preserving our country is unity. I think it is of vital the resolution. importance that we should preserve in our own country and The previous question was ordered. should give notice to the world that the United States is The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the reso­ united on some things. lution. I think this resolution proclaims one traditional policy upon The resolution was agreed to. which we have never been divided. For 150 years our country, Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ regardless of who was in the White House, regardless of sent to extend the remarks I made this afternoon by including which of the major parties controlled, has always proclaimed therein a letter. that the Monroe Doctrine and its essence was essential for The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. the preservation of our rights and our safety. As was so well There was no objection. said by the chairman of our committee, the gentleman from Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve New York [Mr. BLOOM] when he read the definition of the itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state Monroe Doctrine, it was founded and enunciated for our own ·of the Union for the consideration of the joint resolution defense. If it was important in 1823 when President Monroe (H. J. Res. 556) approving nonrecognition of the transfer of defined the Monroe Doctrine, if it was necessary for the pres­ any geographic region in the Western Hemisphere from one ervation of our country then that no non-American power non-American power to another non-American power, and should acquire control of any region upon this hemisphere, providing for consultation with other American republics in how vastly more important is it now? the event that such transfer should appear likely. Airplanes and other inventions have reduced proportion­ The motion was agreed to. ately the size of the world and our peace is now jeopardized Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of by incidents that occur much farther from the United States the Whole House on the state of the Union for the considera­ than when Monroe declared his great doctrine 117 years ago. tion of House Joint Resolution 556, with Mr. DUNCAN in the The Monroe Doctrine existed not only from the time of its chair. enunciation by President Monroe in 1823, but it has been the The Clerk read the title of the joint resolution. doctrine of our country since its foundation, as enunciated By unanimous consent, the first reading of the joint resolu­ by George Washington, the first President of our country; it tion was dispensed with. is founded upon the law of nations; it is founded upon the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, may I inquire of the chairman law of defense; it is founded upon our rights and the preser­ of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, or if the majority leader vation of our own country. will answer it might be preferable, is it the intention to pro­ Someone has asked, if that doctrine is known, why do we ceed with a vote on this bill today, or just conclude general now pass a resolution in declaration of it. We do so for the debate? simple and only reason of giving notice to the world that the Mr. RAYBURN. We must finish this joint resolution today. United States of America is united in its firm belief in that Mr. FISH. That will take about 3 hours. traditional policy, that we are united, and that not only the Mr. RAYBURN. We have not had a night session for any President is for it but that he and the Congress of the United business. We want to transact a great deal of business. All States are united on this policy and intend to see that it is the appropriation bills must be passed before July 1. You enforced. I was glad that on yesterday the Senate by a know the condition that may be in the House next week. unanimous vote-76 ayes and no noes--gave notice to the Mr. FISH. The gentleman would not be satisfied to con­ world that we would stand upon this doctrine and that we clude general debate of 2 hours tonight and then vote on the would insist upon it. joint resolution tomorrow? This resolution declares that the United States would not Mr. RAYBURN. Well, that would mean probably 2 hours recognize any transfer, and would not acquiesce in any at­ of debate under the 5-minute rule. If we get into an ar­ tempt to transfer any geographic region of this hemisphere rangement like that the first thing we would have to adjourn . from one non-American power to another non-American because there would be nobody here. I must insist on finish­ power. ing the joint resolution tonight. It is important that this resolution be passed now because Mr. FISH. I agree with the gentleman. I just wanted to conditions in Europe with the warfare there are coming to know. what seems to be a crisis. We know not what day there may Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, is it the intention of the be treaties, truces, or an armistice signed in which some of gentl~man to use all the time he has been allowed under the the belligerents having possessions in this country might rule? If he will cut down his time I will cut mine down. be called upon to transfer some of their territory in this Mr. FISH. I have requests for 1 hour. country to another non-American power. Mr. BLOOM. If you are going to use all of your time, I We wa.nt to give notice now before any overt act is com­ will have to use all of mine, but if you will cut it down to 5 or mitted that America believes in and the United States will 10 minutes I will cut mine down. stand for the preservation of that doctrine which says that Mr.· FISH. I am sorry I cannot do that. I have made defi­ our safety is endangered if there is any transfer of posses­ nite promises to Members. sions in this hemisphere to any non-American country, just Mr. BLOOM. They can be heard just the same under the as we have for 150 years. 5-minute rule. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. FISH. I will try to cut them down, but I will not make Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Briefly. any promises. Mr. CELLER. I will say to the gentleman from Texas that Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the there is ample precedent, because in 1912 a resolution was gentleman from Texas [Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON]. adopted whereby we refused to permit the transfer of an Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. Chairman, I do not island in Magdalena Bay from Mexico to Japan. exaggerate when I say that at this particular time we are Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I am familiar with the in­ , confronted by one of the gravest conditions that has existed cident to which the gentleman refers. I can give the gentle­ ' throughout the world for a century. Our own country is man a precedent 100 years older than that. In 1811, when deeply concerned and should be concerned with the preserva­ James Madison was President of the United States, 11 years tion of our Republic. before Monroe was President, there was a threat upon the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-H.OUSE 8543 part of a European power to acquire possession of Florida Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, this is a historic and some other countries not then a part of the United States. occasion. It is 129 years since the Congress took comparable President Madison sent a secret message to the Congress action. This is the first time in history that the Monroe warning of the danger. What did Congress do? They passed Doctrine has ever been enacted into a legislative resolution. a resolution similar to this giving notice that the United The policy we are here reaffirming antedates the Monroe States would not recognize the transfer of any title to or of Doctrine but it forms part of it. This policy is more funda­ any interest in any country; and nothing was done because mental than a statute, a treaty, or any principle of interna­ they had notice of it, and knew that America would not tional law. In the words of Elihu Root it rests "upon the tolerate any transfer. That is simply what we are trying to right of self-protection and that right is recognized by inter­ do now, to follow that precedent and the precedent to which national law." We are reaffirming it in a time of threatened the gentleman has referred. changed conditions. This is exactly the time when such a Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? policy is most needed. It was born out of such a time and Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield . . has been restated and reenforced in such times, because, as Mr. POAGE. Might it not be wise not only to follow the ·Charles Evans Hughes said, "Despite changes in conditions precedent, but to go still further and acquire these islands, it still remains, to be applied if necessary, as a principle of as we later acquired Florida, for a proper consideration, of national security." course? Might it not be well now, regardless of the outcome It is simply untrue to say that this is historically a British of the European war, to begin negotiations to acquire them policy, set up in reliance upon the British Fleet. It was in­ as American territory? voked against the British in 1803 and 1811. The British dis­ approved of two of the fundamental pronouncements by . Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I am in sympathy with the gentleman's suggestion. I do not know what the outcome President Monroe in 1823. It was invoked against Britain in Europe may be, but it may hasten and accelerate the by Cleveland in 1897 and against the British as well as Ger­ acquisition of islands in this country. For our defense we many and Italy in the Venezuelan dispute in 1902. need islands now that we never needed before. This resolution has two parts beeause the modern Monroe Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield Doctrine has two parts. First, there is a unilateral statement as to what we will do further? alone. We will not recognize nor acquiesce in transfers ·Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Briefly. within this hemisphere by non-American powers. Mr. CELLER. I would like to have the gentleman's views Second, there is a multilateral statement as to what we upon this proposition. Iceland, for example, has been trans­ will do with others. We will consult with our neighboring ferred from Denmark to Great Britain. France may soon be republics to determine upon common action to safeguard our prostrate and powerless. Suppose Great Britain, a country common interests. friendly to us, should undertake to acquire or protect some Some will object to the first and some to the second pro­ of the French possessions in this hemisphere. What would vision. Aside from all theoretical and academic questions of be the situation then? I am curious to know what the gen­ logic and consistency, both are needed to state our policy tleman's view is. realistically and practically. We have not a Yankee-con­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. The interpretation of those trolled empire in this hemisphere. We have not a hemisphere events will take place as they happen. This resolution is league of nations. We are evolving toward a pan-American leveled not at one set of belligerents but at all belligerents ideal, a practical working union C1f neighboring States. We whether they are friendly to us or not. We propose to treat will · do certain things, alone and without collaboration, to all alike so that there shall be no transfer of sovereignty in protect our national security. We are willing to do certain this hemisphere by any non-American power. other things in concert with our neighbors to protect our Mr. GIFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? common security. . There ·are two phases of our policy and Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield to the gentleman from neither can be ignored. Massachusetts. Mr. GIFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. GIFFORD. The gentleman, I recognize, can quote Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield to the gentleman from Mas­ precedents, but precedents are not always surrounded by the sachusetts. same conditions, as hinted by the last speaker. Vastly differ­ Mr. GIFFORD. The whereases recited in this resolution ent is the determination now under these momentous condi­ say that we will consult over the matter, then we declare our tions from the time those precedents were created. policy before we consult. Does the gentleman anticipate per­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I agree that conditions are fect agreement with all the other consultants? momentous, and for that reason it is all the more imperative, Mr. VORYS of Ohio. As I just explained, we do two things in my opinion, that we take a firm step now. If we cannot in this resolution, which merely restates the modern Monroe stand upon the traditional policy which we have built and Doctrine. First, as to matters that concern us alone, we which is recognized as one of the means of safety of this reserve our right of action; second as to matters of common country, then I think we are sliding backward. interest, and I quote the resolution, "We agree to consult to Mr. EATON. Will the gentleman yield? determine upon a course." Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I yield to the gentleman There are two phases to our policy and we cannot realisti­ from New Jersey. cally ignore either of them. Mr. EATON. The gentleman, of course, will lay hold of This is no time for us to attempt precise limitations and the fact that when these precedents were established this descriptions of our interest in this hemisphere. We are not was a small, weak nation? as immediately interested in some portions of the hemisphere Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. True. as in others, but our southern neighbors, if they are to work Mr. EATON. We were speaking at that time to great, with us, are interested in their southern neighbors, and powerful nations, while now we are supposed to be at least their neighbors in their southern neighbors, and so on until of considerable size and ability to take care of ourselves. this area of required united action covers two continents from Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. I thank the gentleman. We pole to pole and ocea.n to ocean and then out into each ocean. were not afraid when small to assert our rights, and we cer­ We will not define at this time the precise boundaries of tainly should not be afraid now to do so when we are strong our sphere of interest and we are not stating in advance to assert our rights. [Applause.] exactly what we will do. We do not agree in advance to go [Here the gavel fell.J to war or not to go to war. We are simply repainting our "no Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentle­ trespassing" sign so that would-be tre8passers will be sure man from Ohio [Mr. VoRYSl. to see it. 8544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 .Why is congressional action needed at this time? Why not Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, will the merely let the President resay it? gentleman yield? There are two reasons: Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield. First. We must show the world that we are united on this Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Of course, this resolu­

1 line of defense and show it solemnly, formally, and force­ tion would be meaningless if we did not have a national de­ ' fully. fense to back it up. It is vital that we have an adequate Second. Our President has made so many inconsistent, national defense to back up this resolution, because it would extravagant, and unreliable statements, openly and secretly, be a mere scrap of paper without it. as to our present and future foreign policy that his words Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I think that we have a national de­ have lost their force abroad. fense to back this up, and I remind my colleague that we Mr. BENDER. Will the gentleman yield? first announced the principles of the Monroe Doctrine when Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. we were a weak nation and we were announcing that doctrine Mr. BENDER. I recall the gentleman from Texas [Mr. against the strongest nations of Europe. We have always DIEs] made the statement that we serve notice on Stalin, had the strength and the moral force to back up the Monroe Hitler, and Mussolini that they keep out of America. Does Doctrine including this doctrine of nonrecognition of such not the gentleman feel at the same time we ought to serve transfers. notice on Roosevelt to keep out of Europe? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Today we need an in­ Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I think that is a good idea. creased national defense also. I have always advocated Whatever the reasons may be which prompted the admin­ complete national defense. The United States is a great istration to seek approval from the Congress for statements Nation, and we must maintain its greatness. of our foreign policy, I rejoice that in this time •of crisis and [Here the gavel fell.] confusion we are establishing a precedent of united action by Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman another the Executive and the Congress in discharging our joint one-half minute. responsibility under our Constitution in formulating and stat­ Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ing our foreign policy. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield. Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. O'CONNOR. I would like the gentleman's opinion Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield to the gentleman from upon whether or not the pending resolution is an enlarge­ Michigan. ment of the Monroe Doctrine? Mr. CRAWFORD. Going directly to the unilateral portion Mr. VORYS of Ohio. It is not an enlargement of the Mon­ of this resolution, the United States having adopted the reso­ roe Doctrine, it is a reaffirmation of existing policies and the lution, and thus having stated our position, what, in the committee, by the committee amendment, has changed tlie opinion of the committee, would create a set of conditions that preamble, as you will notice, to show that this ·is merely a would appear likely to call into operation part 2 of the bill.? restatem ent and affirmation of our traditional policy, and if In other words, will the gentleman tell us whether or not, in you will read the report you will see that both sections 1 and the opinion of the committee, this resolution having been 2 are merely reaffirmation of the existing policy. adopted, current conditions would appear likely to such an [Here the gavel fell.] extent that we would probably immediat~ly consult' the other Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 1 addi­ 21 or 22 nations of the Western Hemisphere? tional minute. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. ·I think conditions are likely to Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, will the obtain in the next few days which would require such con­ gentleman yield? sultation, and we have a resolution to that effect before our Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield. committee. Let me, in answering the gentleman's question, Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Is it not true also that refer to a question which was raised as to what we would do this is a very friendly gesture to the countries in the Western in case the non-American motherland owning some of these Hemisphere? We have always been the best of friends and American territories having changed hands through conquest. we want to continue that friendship and I am sure that they We have first a precedent in the 1811 action when Florida will be just as glad of this resolution as we are ourselves. having changed hands, in that Napoleon put in a new king in Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I think this is not only a friendly but Spain, and we simply took .over Florida for the duration. I an encouraging gesture to our neighbors to the south, to let would suggest, however, that what we should do is to offer them know that we are affirming the position that we have to buy, let us say, CuraQao from the Dutch, and if the Dutch worked out with them in recent years by conferences and are say, "Our country is now occupied by Germany," we should not backing down one bit on it. turn to Hitler and say, "Well, you have no objection, have you, Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. We have a mutual re­ to the Dutch selling us CuraQao?" If he says "Yes," then we spect, in other words and show it by passing this resolution. proceed to buy CuraQao. If Hitler would say "No," then we Mr. VORYS of Ohio. A mutual respect and agreement to will find out where he stands and he will have to go back on work together in our common interest. the statements he has made in the past few days--that he [Here the gavel fell.] has no intention of interfering in this hemisphere. I think Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentle­ we should smoke out those powers as to exactly where they man from New York [Mr. BARTON]. stand on our peaceful purchase of some of these islands. Mr. BARTON of New York. Mr. Chairman, I will promise [Applause.] the Committee not to use 10 minutes, but only a fraction of Mr. CRAWFORD. May I ask the gentleman one other that time. I think we ought to have clearly in mind that question? we are taking this action at a time when conditions are dif­ ferent than they have ever been at any period of our history. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I yield. Always more or less implicit in the Monroe Doctrine has been Mr. CRAWFORD. If the United States, following up this the existence and the friendly cooperation of the British resolution and having in mind the conferences of 1936, 1938, fleet. To be sure we have once or twice been compelled to and 1939, and then the other countries under part 2 refuse to apply the doctrine to Great Britain, but, generally speaking, go along, are we in any way obligated to lay down or can through the years of our national existence Great Britain, we proceed? not because of any love of us, but because she was interested Mr. VORYS of Ohio. We have preserved our freedom of in maintaining the balance of power in Europe and not having action under No. 1, and in No. 2 we say that we will consult a Eur opean rival extending its territory or its jurisdiction "in addition to other measures." in this hemisphere, Great Britain has generally been on the [Here the gavel fell.] side of the Monroe Doctrine and we could count on the help Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 1 addi­ of her fleet in upholding it. tional minute to answer a question. Mr. SHANLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . 8545 Mr. BARTON of New York. I yield. We were too weak to do so. In 1851 Britain seized Salva­ ·Mr. SHANLEY. And that was endorsed by both Madison dor's port, and similarly the ports of Chile were bombarded and Jefferson. by warships of Spain some years later, but we were a weak Mr. BARTON of New York. Endorsed by Madison and Nation then, too weak to protest. Now the situation is Jefferson explicitly. different, and we are strong enough to protest, and we Now, we might as well be frank and recognize that we are should protest every inch of the way. And I am sure this facing the possibility that both the French Fleet and the resolution would be in furtherance of the idea of the Monroe English Fleet may not be on our side, may possibly not be Doctrine. I am sure the gentleman from New York will in existence, may even be in the hands of unfriendly powers. not want to vote against the bill. So when we stand up here and wave our arms and say that Mr. BARTON of New York. Oh, I want to make it clear we are going to protect the whole Western Hemisphere we that I am going to support the resolution. want to realize that we are by law biting off something bigger Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? than the country has ever bitten off before. Mr. BARTON of New York. Yes. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Nations may have changed, Mr. BLOOM. I believe the gentleman said that everyone but principles do not change, do they? knows what the Monroe Doctrine is. Would the gentleman Mr. BARTON of New York. That is true; and one of the kindly explain what he knows the Monroe Doctrine is? principles is that Mickey Rooney should not fight Joe Louis. Mr. BARTON of New York. If I know? Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Does not the gentleman think Mr. BLOOM. Will the gentleman kindly explain what the that the Monroe Doctrine was essential for our safety when doctrine is? the world was large and when conditions were not like they Mr. BARTON of New York. Oh, the gentleman explained are now with reference to airplanes, and that it is more it and read many authorities, and I think the committee essential now, when we have to take territory further away to fully understood. protect us? Does the gentleman not think there is a greater Mr. BLOOM. And that is what the Monroe Doctrine is? reason for the Monroe Doctrine now than when it was Mr. BARTON of New York. Yes. enunciated? Mr. BLOOM. That is all that this resolution provides . . Mr. BARTON of New York. I think there is as great or a Mr. BARTON of New York. May I make the following greater reason, but the point I make to this committee is point, if the gentleman will allow me to conclude what I this: Nobody has any doubt that it is a menace to our safety have to say-I would like to have the attention of the gentle­ to have anything happen to the territory between us and man from New York [Mr. BLOOM]-! do not object particu­ the Panama Canal, or perhaps 1,500 miles below the Pan­ larly to having this resolution enacted. The argument in the ama Canal, but in the resolution before us we are embrac­ committee ,was that it would not do any harm and it might ing territory to the very end of South America, the Argen­ do some good. That was the principal argument that was tine, 6,500 miles from our own country. We could easily advanced for it. But I think that from this time forward conceive a situation where our fleet might be spread out in this House we ought to recognize that passing resolutions occupying and protecting bits of islands and bits of country and making speeches and using words is the most dangerous all over the Atlantic and the Pacific. This is the very big thing that can be done at a time like this. [Applause.] affirmation that we are making; this is what the resolution I remember the night when word came over the radio that involves. Chamberlain had said that England and Fra11ce would come Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska. Does not the gentleman think to the aid of Poland. I got down the atlas, and when I that reaffirming the Monroe Doctrine is what we should do looked at Poland I discovered there was no possible way rather than make it more specific, such as the words "not that England and France could come to the defense of acquiesce"? I am thinking about this: What if France Poland. That remark was leading Poland .to depend on should cede or transfer one of her islands in the Caribbean something and to risk her national life on something that to Germany? could not possibly be backed up. From that point on I Mr. BARTON of New York. My feeling is, first, that I began to wonder whether the Allies were as smart as we think it is a mistake to bring this up at all. We have had were thinking they were going to be, and -how they were the Monroe Doctrine in force for 117 years. If there is one going to come out in this war. element of our foreign policy that is consistent and effective I remember in the debate on the embargo, which I think and understood in every chancelery in Europe and in the is going to have some very humorous passages when we read Orient, it is the Monroe Doctrine; and now, at this partic­ it in a few years, we were assured that if we would lift the ular time, after 117 years, we suddenly feel that we have to embargo, if we would just change one of our laws, we would enact it into law. stop Hitler. How ridiculous all that sounds in the light Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? of what has happened since. When the Polish Army could Mr. BARTON of New York. Yes. not stop him, when the British Navy could not stop him, Mr. BENDER. When gentlemen on the other side dis­ when Belgium and Norway and France could not stop him, cuss the reaffirmation of the Monroe Doctrine, they reaffirm we have this fatuous idea in America that if we will just only a part of it, because this is also a part: utter some words or pass a resolution that we can do some­ In the wars of European powers, in matters relating to them­ thing. selves, we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with Mr. BLOOM. Will the gentleman yield? our policy so to do. Mr. BARTON of New York. I yield. That also is a part of the Monroe Doctrine. Mr. BLOOM. The lifting of the embargo was merely a Mr. BARTON of New York. Perhaps if the gentleman domestic law. There was nothing in the Neutrality Act at will offer that as an amendment the chairman of the com­ that time about Europe. They were making a law to keep mittee will accept it. this country out of war. We were making a law so that none Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? of our ships would be sunk. There was not one ship scratched Mr. BARTON of New York. Yes. during the whole time. Mr. CELLER. I am sure that the gentleman, like most Mr. BARTON of New York. The gentleman will certainly of us, is in accord with the principles of the Monroe Doc- not deny that we were assured and reassured that if we lift.ed ' trine, but it might be well to know, for the purposes of the embargo we would stop Hitler and there would be no history, of the many cases where the Monroe Doctrine has European war? been violated. For instance, Britain was a frequent in­ Mr. BLOOM. Not from this side of the House. fringer of the doctrine. She took possession of the Falkland Mr. BARTON of New York. Oh, yes. [Applause.] Islands, and we made no protest. Also, in 1842, Britain [Here the gavel fell.] blockaded Nicaragua, and a few years later blockaded Buenos Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from Aires, and there was no 12rotest from the United States. South Dakota [Mr. CASE] 5 minutes. 8546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, in connection I think the gentleman from New York [Mr. BARTON] re­ with what the gentleman from New York [Mr. BARTON] just ferred to this fact, too, that under the protecting aegis of said with respect to the purposes of the repeal of the Neu­ Great Britain we were able to maintain the Monroe Doctrine. trality Act and what it has and has not accomplished, I would Mr. CASE ·of South Dakota. I am glad the gentleman like to refresh our memories by calling attention to a sentence quoted that portion of Jefferson's letter. - I think Jefferson from the President's speech at the opening of tlie special was right on that point also, but to get Jefferson's full posi­ session of the Congress: tion we should also quote the concluding sentence that imme­ The objective of restricting American ships from entering such diately follows the quotation the gentleman gave. In the zones may be obtained by prohibiting such entry by the Congress, concluding sentence Jefferson said: or the result can be substantially achieved by Executive proclama­ tion that all such voyages are solely at the risk of American owners Not that I would purchase even her amity at the price of taking themselves. part in her wars. I bring that to your attention because I think we are over­ Jefferson believed, and I believe, that the decision as to looking the fact that the amending of the Neutrality Act was when America goes to war should be made in Washington not necessary to keep American ships out of the war zone. and not in any other capital whatsoever. That is the basis As the President said, the result could have been achieved by of our sovereignty. It is the essence of our independence. an Executive proclamation. The decision should be made on the basis of our primary in­ Nor was it necessary to amend the Neutrality Act to keep terests, not on the basis of policies, intrigues, or stakes in Americans off of belligerent ships. The President said as to which we have no share. The decision should be made by that objective: us when we are ready; certainly we lose our independence if we condemn our people blindly to pay for the blunders, the The second objective is to prevent American citizens from travel­ ing on belligerent vessels, and this can also be accomplished by indecisions, the lack of preparedness, or the ambitions of any legislation through a continuance in force of existing law. other nation. That would be conscription without repre­ sentation. And that is what I think Jefferson had in mind Hence we merely reaffirmed in that portion of the present in the sentence I have read. Neutrality Act what was already on the statute books. Mr. SHANLEY. That is all right. That is the sentence Also, in refreshing our memories on some of the circum­ that followed the part I quoted. The point is that he knew stances attendant upon action of this character, I want. to at that particular time that we could fight for that doctrine call attention to the fact that the Monroe Doctrine itself under the mantle of England's protection. That was the was promulgated in the face of a crisis in Europe. The basis of the Monroe Doctrine. enunciation of the Monroe Doctrine was made at a time when Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gentleman is correct in Europe was under the influence of the so-called Holy Alliance, pointing out that in the development of the doctrine we took and the then President acted in the face of a threatening that protection, and, by implication that if that protection is situation. That is about what we are doing now. Somehow weakened we must seek ways to strengthen or replace it. human nature acts that way. There is practically no difference of opinion on that point. James Madison, writing to Monroe at the time, said: [Here the gavel fell.J There ought not be any backwardness about this- Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield one additional minute That is, about making the proclamation- to the gentleman from South Dakota. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I merely /wish in conclusion but we should keep in view, of course, -the spirit and forms of the Constitution in every step taken in the road to war, which must to say that I see no particular objection, now that it has be the last step if those short of war should be without avail. come before us, in adopting the resolution. It is our I>olicy It is interesting to note incidentally that the phrase "steps and has been, and certainly there can be no harm in a short of war" was used by Madison in 1823. And he used reaffirmation of what the Monroe Doctrine is, in again say­ it understandingly. War itself is the last step. It is axio­ ing that it is a fundamental American policy. The value matic that we cannot continue to take steps short of war will depend upon the wisdom shown in its application. It without walking in that direction. Then there is that model should be noted that the resolution itself is not discrimina­ statement of foreign policy which Thomas Jefferson made in tory, that it applies equally to the transfer of sovereignty his letter to Monroe after Monroe had sent to him the pre­ between non-American powers, whether they happen to be liminary draft of his message. Made today by some people belligerents with whom we sympathize or not. It applies equally to all. [Applause.] it might be regarded as treasonable or pro-Nazi, or something like that, but Jefferson made it long before Nazis were kno:wn. [Here the gavel fell.J Since Jefferson made it when Monroe was about to propose Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­ his doctrine, it should be in order to recall it when we are tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. BoLLES]. about to reaffirm the doctrine. · Mr. BOLLES. Mr. Chairman, for the 117 years of the ex­ istence of the Monroe Doctrine no legislation of the character Jefferson wrote: produced here has ever been devised or presented to the Our first and fundamental maxim should be never to entangle Congress for adoption. In fact, the Monroe Doctrine has ouselves in the broils of Europe; our second, never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic affairs. been accepted as something like the Declaration of Inde­ pendence and Washington's Farewell Address. Thus, Jefferson, commenting upon the pr.eliminary draft This is a measure to legislate on the Monroe Doctrine. of what has come to be known as the Monroe Doctrine, placed It is not necessary nor will any attempt to interpret its first the maxim of not entangling ourselves in the broils of meaning add one jot or tittle to its weight. Europe; and, second, not permitting Europe to intermeddle It has been said that the Monroe Doctrine has no binding here. authority: First, because it has not been admitted into the Mr. SHANLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? code of international law, and, second, because it has never Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. been adopted or declared· by Congress. In reply it may be Mr. SHANLEY. -Is that the letter of October 24, 1823? said that the principle of self-defense, the preservation of the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gentleman is correct. peace and safety of the N:ation, is recognized as an elementary Mr. SHANLEY. In the last paragraph of that letter he part of international law. The doctrine did not require con­ also said: gressional action to control the conduct of the Executive any Great Britain is the nation which can do us the most harm of more than the policy announced in Washington's address C'f anyone or- all on earth, and with her on our side we need not fear noninterference in European affairs. It stands today as a the whole world. With her, then, we should most sedulously cardinal policy of our Government. In the prophetic lan­ cherish a cordial friendship; and nothing would tend more to knit our affections than to be fighting once more, side by side, in the guage of Mr: Jefferson, "it sets our compass and points the same cause. course which we are to steer through the ocean of time 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8547 opening on us." We may well close its consideration with revolted, we quickly acknowledged their independence. Im­ the words of Daniel Webster in the United States Senate: mediately there was a convulsion in the Holy Alljance which I look on the message of December 1823 as forming a bright page had been effected by the Emperors of Russia and Austria and ln our history. I will neither help to erase it or tear it out; nor the King of Prussia in 1815, and for a time included France shall it be by any act of mine blurred or blotted. and England. That alliance was hostile to the rights of the To pass an act interpreting the Monroe Doctrine would people and the freedom of nations, and reiterated the prin­ be as absurd as legislating the Declaration of Independence ciple of divine right and the power of princes as the first or the Farewell Address into public law. There are things and most important element. It was against press freedom that are law in and of themselves. The Monroe Doctrine as the most dangerous enemy to absolutism. The funda­ is one of the most outstanding examples. It is as much a mentals of the American Constitution were anathema to the part of America as America is of itself. alliance. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? The Monroe Doctrine was not a sudden declaration for a Mr. BOLLES. I yield. specific pw·pose. It came . from the very peculiar position Mr. CELLER. It may be interesting for the sake of the the Western Hemisphere occupied in the march of submerged RECORD to recall that a resolution was adopted by the Senate millions toward the light of a better and brighter day. And in 1912 which embodied the Monroe Doctrine with reference it also came as a clarion call of the United States to its own to Mexico and Japan, a resolution offered by the Senator people in its own defense. It was a notice hung on the walls from Massachusetts, Mr. Lodge. It was adopted by the of ancient grasping nations that America was going to look Senate by a huge vote. The occasion for it was the attempt to and after all America-her blood child. by a private company on behalf of a foreign country to get The principle or policy of the Monroe Doctrine declares a foothold in Magdalena Bay in Mexico. affirmatively-and this should be of interest to the chairman Mr. BOLLES. But it did not attempt to interpret the of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, for he asked the gen­ Monroe Doctrine. tleman from New York what the Monroe Doctrine was. Mr. CELLER. I will read it to the gentleman if he The principle or policy of the Monroe Doctrine declares wishes. affirmatively: Mr. BOLLES. I have not time. First. That no European power, or combination of powers, Mr. CELLER. The principle of the Monroe Doctrine was can intervene in the affairs of this hemisphere for the pur­ embodied in a resolution adopted by the Senate. pose, or with the effect, of forcibly changing the form of Mr. BOLLES. There have been several occasions, I may government of the nations, or controlling the free will of say to my distinguished friend who is a member of the Judi­ their people. ciary Committee, when we have adopted resolutions con­ Second. That no such power or powers can permanently cerning an incident in which the Monroe Doctrine figured. acquire or hold any new territory or dominion on this hemi­ Mr. TIBBOTI'. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? sphere. Mr. BOLLES. I yield. Third. That the colonies or territories now held by them Mr. TIBBOTT. That particular event had to do with the cannot be enlarged by encroachment on neighboring terri­ transfer of Mexican territory to Japan and was not the tory, nor be transferred to any other European power, and transfer of territory.from one non-American country to an­ while the United States does not propose to interfere with other. It is not, therefore, a precedent. existing colonies, "it looks hopefully to the time when • • • Mr. BOLLES. I thank the gentleman. America shall be wholly American." Mr. Chairman, the Monroe Doctrine was never a statutory Fourth. That any interoceanic canal across the isthmus law. By the very nature of the doctrine itself it could not of Central America must be free from the control of European become a matter of direct congressional action. There are powers. three state papers in the history of our country devoid of While each of the foregoing declarations has been officially the character of public law, either national or international. recognized as a proper application of the Monroe Doctrine, Yet each has exercised the most potent influence on the says Foster in his history of American diplomacy, the Gov­ conduct of many other nations of tpe earth. These three ernment of the United States reserves to decide, as each case are the Declaration of Independence, Washington's Farewell arises, the time and manner of its interposition and the ex­ Address, and finally the Monroe Doctrine. Each has an tent and character of the same, whether moral or material, intimate relation to each other and has successfully been or both. the outgrowth the one of the other. The Monroe Doctrine was not conceived in any humani­ In his message of May 28, 1870, relating to San Domingo, tarian interest; it had no sentimental kindness about it. Grant stated: Boiled down into its last analysis, it was a measure for the The doctrine promulgated by President Monroe has been ad­ hered to by all political parties and I now deem it proper to assert protection of the United States. It was a "no trespass" sign the equally important principle that hereafter no territory on this to all the nations of the world. It had a tremendous in­ continent shall be regarded as subject to transfer to a European fluence upon the destiny of many nations. Upon the rock power. of the Monroe Doctrine the Holy Alliance was shipwrecked. This is the statement in the message of President Grant, It made it possible for the Spanish colonies in Central and and practically the resolution which we have before us today South America to keep their independence from Spain. It follows this, but as a matter of legislation. made it possible for Portuguese Brazil to erect itself into an The Monroe Doctrine, as negatively declared, may be stated American empire and afterward into a republic. It car­ as follows: ried out the principles in the Farewell Address of George First. That the United States does not contemplate a per­ Washington, that- manent alliance with any other American power to enforce· Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation, hence she must be engaged in frequent con­ the doctrine, as it determines its action solely by its view of troversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our its own peace and safety; but it welcomes the concurrence concerns. and cooperation of the other in its enforcement. in the way And again it emphasized in that address- that to the latter may seem best. we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we Second. That the United States does not insist upon the may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected, when exclusive sway of republican government, but while favoring belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions that system, it recognizes the right of the people of every coun­ upon us, will not lightly hazard giving us provocation. try of this hemisphere to determine for themselves their form We were determined from the beginning to keep the West­ of government. ern Hemisphere free from new colonization or conquests. Third. That the United States does not contemplate a When the Spanish colonies in South and Central America protectorate over any other American nation, seek to control 8548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 the latter's conduct in relation to other nations, nor become And again Mr. Cleveland said: responsible .for its acts. The Monroe Doctrine finds its recognition in those principles We have never gone to war over any violations of the Mon­ of international law which are based upon the theory that every roe Doctrine. It has been a great instrument of peace. nation will have its rights protected and its just claims enforced. When President Monroe was contemplating the issuance in And his closing, which caused Great Britain to pause in his message of this momentous statement hereafter to bear her Venezuelan aggression and resulted in settling the Guiana his name, he wrote to Jefferson about it. Monroe was troubled boundary for all time: because he saw that England wanted to control South and In order that such examinations should be prosecuted in a Central America. On the other hand was the Holy Alliance, thorough and satisfactory manner, I suggest that the Congress bent on restoring the revolted Spanish republics to Spain. make an adequate appropriation for the expenses of a commis­ sion, to be appointed by the Executive, who shall make the neces­ We accepted neither horn of the dilemma. sary investigation and report upon the matter with the least Jefferson wrote to Monroe: possible delay. When such report is made and accepted it will, The question presented by the letters you have sent me is the in my opinion, be the duty of the United States to resist by every most momentous which has ever been offered to my contemplation means in its power, as a willful aggression upon its rights and since that of independence. That made us a nation. This sets our interests, the appropriation by Great Britain of any lands or the compass and points the course which we are to steer through the exercise of governmental jurisdiction over any territory which ·ocean of time opening on us. And never coul'd we embark on it after investigation we have determined of right belong to Venezuela. under circumstances more auspicious. Our first and fundamental In making these recommendations I am fully alive to the re­ maxim should be never to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe. sponsibility incurred and keenly realize all the consequences that Our second, never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic may follow. I am, nevertheless, firm in my conviction that while affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests distinct it is a grievous thing to contemplate the two great English-speak­ from those of Europe, and peculiarly her own. She should, there­ ing people of the world as being otherwise than friendly com­ fore, have a system of her own, separate and apart from that of petitors in the onward march of civilization and strenuous and Europe. While the last is laboring to become the domicile of des­ worthy rivals in all the arts of peace, there is no calamity which potism, our endeavor should surely be to make our hemisphere that a great nation can invite which equals that which follows a of freedom. supine submission to wrong and injustice and the consequent loss of national self-respect and honor beneath which are shielded and So we got the Monroe Doctrine. We did not join in an defended a people's safety and greatness. alliance with England which Jefferson wanted. Adams re­ Mr. Chairman, the Monroe Doctrine has been the great flected the action when he said: protective power against colonization and exploitation of It would be more candid as well' as more dignified to avow our two continents. The same nations as existed when Simon principles explicitly to Russia and France than to come· in as a cock­ boat in the wake of a British man-of-war. Bolivar and San Martin with ragged troops ended the .power of the old conquistadors and set up republics, are still living. Russia and England wanted what is now our own Pacific Some boundary changes of small consequence have come coast. The Monroe Doctrine having disposed of England's about by strife or arbitration. · claws, ended in Russia going back to Alaska and leaving the · The Monroe Doctrine has been the most powerful and California coast to Mexico. ·This was the first definite result potent instrument of peace in the history of the people of of the doctrine. this world. I oppose any declaration of change or any at­ Now I am concerned here with congressional action in any tempt by nouns, verbs, or adjectives, to give it a new mean­ form or in any circumstances with the doctrine and its appli­ ing. cation, rather than with the history of events. Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may We have passed some resolutions, taken some action in desire to the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. ScHIFFLER]. Congress on New World policies merely to add polemical Mr. SCHIFFLER. Mr. Chairman, I rise to speak with ref­ judgment to an accomplished fact. erence to House Joint Resolution 506, which is now under We said: "This is it. We have already said it; why worry discussion by the Committee of the Whole House· on the state over it?" In 1826 we said that we are free to declare our of the Union. friendships toward the South American republics as "their," As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, this not our, "honor shall ffictate." · resolution was introduced on June 3, received a brief hearing Do not overlook the fact that in those days we were deal­ on June 4, and supplemental hearing on June 5, and by a ing with some of the worst dictators that ever rode a silver­ majority vote of such committee was favorably reported. mounted saddle. Rosas of Argentina, the Lopez family of Such resolution passed the Senate on yesterday by a vote Paraguay, who killed more people than all the gangsters in of 76 to 0. I am in complete sympathy with the object and the United States since the New Deal made it possible, were purposes of such resolution, which primarily is to serve notice riding high. · upon all nations throughout the world that the Monroe Doc­ Now, remember that Great Britain was never so hotly trine is still considered as a fundamental policy of the United friendly to the Monroe Doctrine when it stepped on British States; that non-American nations shall not be permitted to toes. There was no idea in the British mind of giving up transfer any geographic region to another non-American anything it had in America. It took some time to show nation. Britain that what she had was all she would get. It at The principle upon which the Monroe Doctrine was founded one time wanted Cuba. So did France. We said "No" in was announced by the Congress of the United States in 1811, diplomatic emphasis . . That ended the episode. when it was feared that Spain had designs upon Florida. As ·The dizzy-powered Napoleon III, little in stature, smaller the result of the proclamation made at that time the acquisi­ in brain, egotist and strutter, egged on by the British wbo tion of territory upon the · American continents by non- · wanted the Southern Confederacy to win the Civil War, sent American nations was forbidden by the United States Gov­ his whiskered, dandified puppet, Maximilian, to take over ernment. Mexico. Later when we got around to the task, Sheridan, Again, in 1823, the doctrine was proclaimed in emphatic on the Rio Grande, without a shot, ended this interlude. language, as the result of which it has been recognized the President Grover Cleveland is justly credited with the most world over that the acquisition by a non-American nation of convincing analysis of the doctrine in his message to Con­ territory on the American continents would be looked upon gress in 1895. Later this was followed by one of our great with disfavor by the United States. state papers by Secretary Olney on the question of the claims At present several non-American countries own territory of Great Britain to territory at the mouth of the Orinoco in upon or adjacent to the American continents. The pro­ Venezuela. Of the Monroe Doctrine President Cleveland nouncement at this time undoubtedly extends the provisions said: of the original Monroe Doctrine. The resolution under con­ It was intended to apply to every stage in our national life and sideration announces that we will not recognize or acquiesce cannot become obsolete while our Republic endures. in any attempt to transfer any geographic region of this 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8549 hemisphere from one non-American nation to another non- He said- American nation. · as part of its treasures of reputation, and for one I intend to This in effect states that notwithstanding that we in the guard it. past have stood finnly in opposition to the. acquisition. of ter­ And he added: ritory upon the American continents or m the hemiSphere, I look on the message of December 1823 as forming a bright that we now extend such doctrine to prevent a transfer of page in our history. • • • It did honor to the sagacity of the such territory now held by a non-American power to another Government, and I will not diminish that honor. non-American power. But just because you believe in the Monroe Doctrine is no I cannot conceive that it was originally intended that the reason why every Member of this· House should not realize Monroe Doctrine was intended to embrace transactions such exactly what we are doing here today, and the full import as those that are now included within the resolution before and consequences of enacting this doctrine into statutory the House. The powers that have territory upon the Ameri­ law. can Continent acquired prior to the announcement of the What do we mean when we use the term "this hemi­ Monroe Doctrine are further restricted and are not permitted sphere" and what does it include? The words "this hemi­ to make a transfer of such territory to another non-American sphere" and "Western Hemisphere" have been used inter­ power. The resolution uses the term he~is~here. I _hope changeably, so let us examine what territory these terms that this term is not used in a sense as applied m the ordmary include. geographic understanding of the word. If such is th~ case, First, where shall we start? The geographer of the State and if it is so applied, it will involve parts of the Umon of Department who appeared before our committee pointed Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as even a part of Iceland. out that there are three popular conceptions of the dividing Reports have been current that Iceland has been subjected line between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They to German control and that German forces are now landing are Greenwich, Ferro (one of the Canary group), and Paris. in Iceland for the purpose of making an attack upon Great But for our purpose let us take Ferro as the dividing line. Britain. If such is the case and the ordinary geographic This places the Western Hemisphere within the meridians conception of hemisphere adopted, we are. head~~g toward of 20° west longitude and 160° east longitude, the division line war, and this is the initial step toward active mihtary par- most frequently chosen by United States map makers. ticipation. Within these limitations we find included the continents of It has been explained to me that this interpretation is not North and South America, most of Greenland, part of Ice­ to be adopted, and that the part of Iceland embraced within land, the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, the South Shet­ the geographic conception of this hemisphere i:S not to - ~e used land Islands, the Antarctic, New Zealand, the Samoan group, for the guidance of the Executive Departme~t m execut1~g tl_le Clipperton, the Fiji group, the Solomon Islands, part of provisions of this resolution, but that such IS to be applied m Siberia, and hundreds of other remote and inconsequential a practical manner, and as was contemplated at the time of islands. the pronouncement of the Monroe Doctrine. The Washington Daily News of June 13, in an editorial, I am vitally interested in the preservation of the peace of described the extent of this bill as- our country. I shall do nothing directly or indirectly that A responsibility that stretches from pole to pole, from ocean to will involve this Nation in active military participation in for­ ocean, and from Hell to breakfast. eign wars; on the contrary, I do want to do everything that Historically speaking, when Monroe sent his famous mes­ will defend and preserve the sovereignty of our beloved land. sage to Congress he had in mind protecting the American In these times of hysteria and excitement it is for the continents and adjacent islands from intervention by non­ leaders and especially legislators to be calm and to endeavor American powers. The specific reasons were that he was to think out the consequences of each act. It is a time when afraid that the Holy Alliance might attempt to extend we should think clearly and use our best judgmen~. . I hope . its sphere of influence in South America, and Russia in that this resolution will in no instance be provocative o~ dis­ North America. Surely he did not have in mind the protec­ cord or war, but will be universally accepted_ only as a l'e~tera­ tion of the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, or New Zealand. tion of our age-old policy, to preserve Amenca for Amencans. Even modern geographers think of these groups as be­ A proclamation to the world that our Republican form of con­ longing to the Eastern Hemisphere. Let me quote part of stitutional government, notwithstanding innuendos to. the a letter from Lawrence Martin, Chief of the Division of Maps contrary, is not weak, but that there are fundamental rights of the Congressional Library, which appeared in the Appen­ for which we resolutely stand, in no sense a challenge t~ any dix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, page 2188: nation but a clear and unequivocal statement made With a In the Atlantic Ocean, however, the meridian of 20° puts the friendly attitude to all nations. western tip of Iceland, as well a.S the whole of the Azores and the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from Cape Verde Islands, in the Western Hemisphere, although these Dlinois [Mr. CHIPERFIELD] 5 minutes. islands have been generally regarded by geographers as parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. In the Pacific it puts eastern Russia Mr. CHIPERFIELD. Mr. Chairman, the Monroe Doctrine (Siberia), as well as New Zealand and adjacent islands, in the has been our traditional policy for over 100 years. We Western Hemisphere, although they are generally regarded as have always vigorously maintained that any attempt on the parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. part of non-American powers to extend their system to any If the Congress wants to include these groups under this portion of North or South America or islands adjacent bill, let them do so with full knowledge of what they are thereto would not only be considered as dangerous to our attempting to do. In case a Europe.an government should peace and security but to the other American republics as attempt to colonize ·or cause to be transferred some remote well. island of the Pacific, are we prepared to assert the Mqnroe It was distinctively an American doctrine. It is ours alone. Doctrine and, if necessary, go to war with some European It is unilateral in character and safeguards our own in­ power in its vindication? Let us be realistic. What if Ger­ terests. It might be likened to a superdeclaration of inde­ many should demand from France as part of the peace terms pendence. I, for one, deeply resent Hitler or any other one of the Loyalty Islands, which are approximately 170° dictator in Europe attempting to interpret the Monroe Doc­ east longitude, thousands of miles across the Pacific. Are trine for us, and telling us what our obligations are under it. we prepared to go to war because of such a transfer? Are I am in full accord with the views of Daniel Webster when we going to apply the Monroe Doctrine to that part of Ice­ he declared in 1826 that the doctrine involved the honor of land that lies within the Western Hemisphere and not to the country. the remainder? Are we going to apply this doctrine to al­ I look upon it- most all of Greenland but not to the northeast tip which lies 8550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-I-IOUSE JUNE 18 within the Eastern Hemisphere? Such action, it seems to me, help protect themselves? Is it not about time we find out would be absurd, but these are just two of the results you how far these Latin nations are willing to go in the joint pro­ will obtain by passage of the bill in its present form. tection of the Western Hemisphere? Why should it be all My attitude toward the Monroe Doctrine is most ably one-sided? Why should not all the American republics be stated by my distinguished and learned colleague, JAMES A. required to join in this common task which is for the common SHANLEY, when he said in the Appendix Of the CONGRESSIONAL security of all? RECORD, page 2187: Instead of treating the American republics as equals with As a matter of fact, I am thoroughly convinced that our entire equal responsibilities, this bill merely provides that after Monroe Doctrine should be streamlined in the light of modern, we determine our course of action we will tell them about up-to-date events. I would not surrender one vestige of our it in a consultation, and they can sit back and do nothing. historic position, but simply revive and make co'rrections resultant from modern conditions. It is a mere gesture and nothing more. I hope the action we take here today will be for the best I believe a great many of our difficulties could be elimi­ interest of our country. The only sound reason _that I can nated if we would use the international date line, the one see for the enactment of this bill is that it may express to hundred and eightieth meridian, as one of the boundaries of the world that the people's representatives, as well as the the Western Hemisphere. This would eliminate New Zealand, Executive and State Department approve of the Monroe the Loyalty Islands, the Solomon Islands, Siberia, and hun­ Doctrine. dreds of other unimportant islands. And by not following I only hope that if this bill is passed that such action will strictly 20° west longitude we could by four departures ex­ not be interpreted by our people, who are already deeply clude the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, and, on the other aroused by the world crisis, as another step toward war, and hand, include the northeast tip of Greenland. And if we that it will not feed fuel to the existing hysteria. If that cared to do so we could include all of Iceland, as there are should be the result, it would be better that we did not pass many good reasons for considering Iceland as part of the this bill, for we are adding nothing to a doctrine that is Western Hemisphere. Another possible solution would be already well known and has worked excellently for a period instead of using the term "this hemisphere," why would it of over a hundred years. Sometimes it is the part of wisdom not be better to use "the continents of North America and to leave well enough alone . . South America and islands adjacent thereto"? Of course, the There is another part of the Monroe Doctrine that is not word "adjacent" is capable of a flexible definition, but why well known but is of the utmost importance. Monroe stated should not it be? Why should we determine the course of in his famous message: action that would govern us in the future until we know In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to them­ what the circumstances are at that time? selves, we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our It is argued that we would not apply the Monroe Doctrine policy, so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously to remote regions of the Western Hemisphere; that tradi­ menaced, that we resent injuries, or make preparation for our tionally the Monroe Doctrine is not so extensive in its scope, defense. but really applies only to the North and South American Con­ These words are just as true today as they were in 1823, tinents and islands adjacent thereto. But my chief objection and this Congress could do well to adopt them as its creed. to this bill is that the language does not so confine it. It It is my sincere hope that in this crisis that all a<:ts of Con­ states: gress, all its energy, and all its efforts will be directed toward That the United States would not recognize any transfer, and keeping our Nation at peace with all the world, and ade­ would not acquiesce in any attempt to transfer, any geographic quately preparing to defend our shores. region of this hemisphere from one non-American power to another I believe that this bill, in its present form, goes far beyond non-American power. the scope of the Monroe Doctrine as it has been interpreted If we mean less, why do not we say so and limit the ap­ for over a hundred years. I therefore feel I cannot support plication of this doctrine to the continents of North and this bill unless amended. However, since a vote against this South America and those islands adjacent whose transfer bill would be interpreted as a vote against the Monroe Doc­ might endanger our security and peace? Why interpret the trine and since I am in full accord with the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine as covering less than this hemisphere and at when limited to its proper scope, I feel my only alternative is the same time include "any region in the Western Hemi­ to vote "present." sphere" in the bill? Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentle­ But no; we cannot do that. We must swallow this bill as man from South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT]. it is--hook, line, and sinker-in our mad haste to warn some Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I expect to vote for the foreign nation of our approval of the Monroe Doctrine, a resolution now before this body because I am a firm be­ doctrine which all nations have known and understood for liever in the Monroe Doctrine and I would not knowingly a period of over a hundred years. cast a vote which might be construed either at home or While I personally do not believe that every portion of the abroad as being opposed to the Monroe Doctrine. How­ Western Hemisphere, no matter how remote, should be in­ ever, I agree with the gentleman from New York [Mr. cluded in this doctrine, yet if this Congress, in its wisdom, BARTON] in his thought that resolutions are not the ma­ believes that it is for the best interests of our country to terial from which formulae for national safety can be made bring within the terms of the Monroe Doctrine every little dot at this particular time. What America needs today, in my in the Western Hemisphere, let it do so at least with eyes opinion, is action rather than eloquent adjectives, either in open and mindful of all the possible repercussions there­ congressional resolutions or in Presidental speeches. ·from. But when we have finally decided upon a policy, let us In my opinion, this is a most inopportune time in which to be prepared to defend it against all comers with all the might bring in a resolution which would seek to write the Monroe and strength we possess. Doctrine into legislative language after we have successfully Now let me turn to another phase of this bill. It provides upheld and interpreted it for 117 years. If, as its proponents that we can take any additional action which we see fit but contend, it goes no further than to reaffirm the present that we shall consult with the other American republics. We policy, it is unnecessary and superfluous. If it is to be con­ should reserve the right to determine our own course of action strued as restricting the province of the Monroe Doctrine, as we see fit without being bound in any way by the actions of it is an unfortunate manifestation of defeatism. If it extends other countries. But the trouble with this policy is we do all the doctrine beyond its present interpretations, it is a dan­ the guaranteeing and the rest of the American republics gerous and hastily considered change of American foreign · merely do the consulting, and no one is even bound by such policy. Looked at from any angle, it is in my opinion an discussion. It is all right for us that we play the guardian exemplification of inept legislative practice and hastily de­ role for our own security, but have not the other American vised legislation which does no credit to either the majority republics grown up sufficiently so that they can and should or minority members of the Senate Foreign Relations Com- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8551 mittee. Coming to us at a time like this, a vote against it overseas that we were retreating from our established policy, might be·construed as a vote of retreat before the totalitarian and I for one am not, and I know that most of you are not, but tyrants, and so most of us must perhaps vote for it, because no it is unfortunate that when action is so badly needed we fumble Member of this body would yield up one tiny bit of our sover­ around ineptly trying to give meaning to an American policy eign rights to today's aggressors. But this resolution might 117 years of age which we are far more likely to confuse by better have been unwritten at this particular time, because, this action than we are likely to confirm the strength of its neither adding anything, clarifying anything, nor restricting application. But when we have finished with this vote let us anything, it is a dangerous tampering with a century-old doc­ have no more of hastily devised resolutions and sparkling trine which may later rise up to plague us all for our 'hurried adjectives; let us settle down to the serious business of de­ action in these unsettled times. veloping preparedness and policies which will defend this I regret that no Member of the Senate saw fit to question doctrine and spend less of our time defining it. Not adjec­ the wisdom of such action at this time and that less than tives but action will suffice to make America strong at this two pages of debate were devoted to its consideration. I hour when we dare not permit America to be weak. regret that while many Senators declined to vote or failed We need action in preparedness, action in curtailing "fifth to do so, none rose up to vote against consideration of this column" activities, action in strengthening Pan American measure at this particular time. I feel that Senates of a friendship and crystallizing and consolidating Pan American more glorious day in American history would not so hastily ideals. and casually have passed upon such important legislation; In this connection, I would like to call attention to language yes, I feel that our predecessors in this hallowed House would used by President Monroe on December 2, 1823, in presenting also have considered long and well before writing into the this doctrine to the Congress. He stated at that time: confining language of a resolution a doctrine which has so The occasion has been judged proper for asserting as a principle long stood us in good stead as an enunciated policy by in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American Continents, by the free and independent condi­ President Monroe. tion which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not Mr. Chairman, a part of our success in adhering to the to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any Euro­ Monroe Doctrine so successfully so long is, in my opinion, pean powers. the very fact that we have never restricted its significance We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare by legislative definition. The Monroe Doctrine has been that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their the traditional policy of the greatest power on earth; part system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace of its strength has been the very fact that ours was the and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. right and ours the privilege of defining it as necessity di­ But with the governments who have declared their independence rected and apply it as occasion demanded it. Now, to write and maintained it, and whose independence we have on great a legislative definition whether it be to define identical rights consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not which the Monroe Doctrine has always been interpreted view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or con­ trolling in any manner their destiny, by any European power in as upholding or to weaken or expand those rights is at least any other light than as tbe manifestation of an unfriendly dis­ to lose the great value of elasticity which has always been position toward the United States. inherent in the Monroe Doctrine. WE WANT NO INVASIONS OF EITHER ARMIES OR "ISMS" Now, all the world will know as much as does the United I call attention especially to the phrase "to extend their States just what is implied and indicated by this doctrine; system," referring to the systems of European governments. gone will be our power of interpretation of this doctrine to I submit, Mr. Chairman, that the invasion of ideals and apply to the changing conditions of an ever-changing world. "isms" can be just as dangerous and just as permanently For one, I shall vote for this resolution with great reluctance. detrimental to America and democracy as the invasion of I shall vote for it simply to lift my voice to tell dictators armies. I hope that Congress, therefore, will work out a overseas that America, once faced with the legislative decision preparedness program before adjournment that will extend of reaffirming the Monroe Doctrine, will not in any way dis­ itself far enough to include the defense of this hemisphere favor it. But if this decision had· never been brought to this against invasion of un-American ideals in any place where Congress at this time by a too easily stampeded Committee that invasion may be found between Alaska and Cape Horn. on Foreign Affairs and a too hastily conceived impulse, we When we find that the invasion of the systems sponsored should have retained the full strength of this immortal doc­ by the Nazi, the Communists, and the bunds are creeping trine without having to sacrifice its elasticity of interpreta­ into this country, we recognize that that is also contrary to tion by today writing it into legislative definition. Yes; I the spirit if not the actual language of the Monroe Doctrine. shall vote for this resolution as the lesser of two evils now, but We should go further today, in my opinion, and rather I regret that we are forced to hazard so much to gain so little than weakly reaffirming our position that we are going to through reaffirming a doctrine legislatively which is likely to protect the Western Hemisphere against aggressors from be weaker and less effective after the reaffirmation than Europe and Asia who might try to invade this hemisphere, before it. • we should go so far as to rededicate ourselves to an effort to Mr. Chairman, I realize full well that many Members are clean out and to keep out the invasion of European and today voting for this resolution because they have little con­ Asiatic ideals and "isms" which are trying to eat into the fidence in our present Executive and because they fear his foundations of our Government, and of the American repub­ impetuosity and his ill-considered acts may jeopardize our lics, where they are found in the Western Hemisphere. country. However, I fear we cannot compensate for the Presi­ dent's snap decisions and impetuous acts by supplementing A JOB FOR THE PAN AMERICAN UNION them with hastily considered acts on the part of ourselves. I would like to suggest that the gentleman from Texas, For Congress at this crucial time to tie the hands of the Presi­ MARTIN DIES, for example, who has made some splendid sug­ dent by writing into law the Monroe Doctrine which for more gestions from time to time about cleaning out un-American­ than a century has been applied by the President and the ism in America, submit to the Pan Am.erican Union down­ State Department may be an intended or accidental reflec­ town, which brings together the republics of the Western tion upon the judgment of those now in the White House and Hemisphere, a proposal to study matters of primary interest the office of Secretary of State, but in our hastily conceived to this hemisphere, and that the gentleman from Texas [Mr. DIES] suggest to them some ways and means, some specific and illy considered rush to pass this legislation it may also devices, that will help to eliminate un-American activities come to be a reflection on the calm judgment of this delibera­ which may be found any place in North or South America. tive body. Perhaps, Mr. Chairman, pro-Americanism is too much of FROM NOW ON LET US HAVE MORE ACTION AND FEWER ADJECTIVES a fetish with me but in trying times like these I doubt that Mr. Chairman, I repeat, I shall support this resolution be­ any of us can be too pro-American. I despise and detest cause to do otherwise might be to imply to greedy dictators the pagan doctrines of nazi-ism, fascism, and communism 8552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 with all the strength at my command. I abhor their devo­ although defeated and accused of setting up "straw men" tion to the doctrine that the citizen is but a creature of the at which to shoot, I have never stopped the fight, and I state. I deny their claims that nations can be strong only as shall never stop it until America is rid of these "peddlers they rally around an individual dictator and pay homage of pifile" who would import alien ideas of government into to his authority. I decry their method of turning back the America to becloud our great ideal of a fair chance for clock of civilization by promoting wars abroad and projecting a free people through self-government. I have probably power politics at home. I hope that on the Western Hemis­ given more speeches against these pagan philosophies of phere we shall never see the time when these doctrines European isms by two times over than any other individual "eA1iend their system," as President Monroe so prophetically in my State, and among my proudest votes in Congress are cautioned his confederates. It is not alone against the pos­ those which I cast to continue the Dies committee so that sibility of an extension by armed forces, great ships, and fly­ sufficient evidence could be unearthed to forever expose and ing fortresses that this country must guard itself and that exclude nazi-ism, fascism, and communism from America. this hemisphere must prepare against. It is equally, and Therefore, I venture to insist today that we do more than perhaps especially, against an attempt to "extend their sys­ pass a resolution. I hope we may rededicate ourselves fer­ tem" by the Trojan-horse technique of communism and the vently to a crusade against these foreign "isms," both in North "fifth column" devices of nazi-ism and fascism. Military and South America. Let us cooperate with our southern men correctly advise us that with all our speed in voting new neighbors in advising them what the gentleman from Texas appropriations it will be many months and perhaps several [Mr. DIES] has learned about how these group& have oper­ years before we can make America sufficienty strong in mili­ ated here. This will help them protect- themselves against tary might, but there is nothing but our own lethargy which such an invasion of unholy ideals · in South America. can prevent us from making America strong, before ad­ I think the time has come when America needs a program journment of this Congress, in the matter of loyalty among of "Pan Amertcan pro-Americanism" which will manifest our people and devotion to the ideals of Americanism among itself -throughout the Western Hemisphere. those who would remain here and retain freedom to enjoy the WE NEED ACTION TOWAnD AN "ALL-AMERICAN AXIS" protection of this Government. I would also like to suggest to the War Department that THIS CONGRESS SHOULD ACT TO STAMP O"QT UN-AMERICANISM NOW they confer with these same Pan American officials from the This Congress should pass new legislation to stamp out standpoint of working out a mutually advantageous defense Nazi bunds and communistic cells and fascistic fronts; it program. As we rededicate ourselves to the Monroe Doctrine, should take every constitutional means to rid America at once we can prevent this from becoming a mere gesture vitiated by of aliens whose first patriotic devotion is to foreign govern­ dangerous and inexpedient possibilities if we rededicate our­ ments or foreign systems. The gentleman from Texas, Con­ selves to the principle of "one for all and all for one" in gressman MARTIN DIES, and his splendid Committee for the some practical program of mutual llelpfulness. Let us work Investigation of Un-American Activities have done much to in harmony and in close contact with these South American awaken America to dangers of subversive agents in this republics, aif of which are capable of giving us assistance country, despite the criticism of too many sophisticates, too and to all of whom we are pledging our protection and help many pseudo liberals, and too many Federal officials speaking in tightening, strengthening, and holding together a defense frqm places of too high authority. Perhaps when the whole system for the Western Hemisphere. [Applause.] book is written, President Roosevelt will regret most of all This Pan American Union, it seems to me, offers a his official acts and statements, his reference to the Dies splendid opportunity for constructive and successful action committee in its expose of subversive sympathizers when he by which we are going to be able to help dlive out of the referred to it as "a sordid· procedure." At least I credit the Western Hemisphere the pagan idealism which has attempted President with that much power of honest self-analysis. to invade this hemisphere of freedom, Christianity, and Let us wait no longer before passing legislation based upon peace. [Applause.] the findings of the Dies committee. Why tolerate the trai­ [Here the gavel fell.] torous activities of bundsters, Communists, and Fascists, Mr. FISH. :Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from now that the evidence of their existence is so clearly before Indiana [Mr. GILLIE] such time as he may desire to use. us, the record of their destructive effect upon national unity Mr. GILLIE. Mr. Chairman, for a clearer understanding of so positively written in the tortuous news from European the historical background of the Monroe Doctrine, and the fronts, and the devices for curtailing their effectiveness in resolution under discussion today, I recommend careful read­ America so definitely presented to this body by concrete legis­ ing of the following letter which Thomas Jefferson wrote to lative suggestions from the men who know the most of how President Monroe on October 26, 1823, more than a month these foreign fakers operate? Let us listen to no urgent before Monroe embodied his famous doctrine in a message to administrative requests that we adjourn. Let us act vigor­ Congress. ously and thoroughly now to disband these alien groups and Jefferson's letter bears out the fact that the so-called Mon­ to deport those who have perpetrated them. roe Doctrine was not Monroe's idea alone but the consensus of Both the least and the most that we can and should do opinion of many of the great minds of Monroe's time. to aliens in America who would teach the synthetic glamour JEFFERSON'S LETTER TO MONROE of nazi-ism, communism, and fascism is to deport these de.: The question presented by the letters. you have sent me is the luded patriots back to the lands from whence they came most momentous which has ever been offered to my contempla­ tion since that of independence. That made us a nation, this so they can experience the practice of the nefarious arts sets our compass and points the course which we are to steer of which they preach. They can be sure we are never through the ocean of time opening on us. And never could we going to adopt these foreign formulae of one-man indis­ embark on it under circumstances more auspicious. Our first and pensability in America, so the sooner they are deported the fundamental maxim should be, never to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe. Our second, never to suffer Europe to inter­ happier they should be. This much at least we know­ meddle with cis-Atlan~ic affairs. America, North and South, has the sooner they are deported the happier and safer we a set of interests distmct from those of Europe, and peculiarly shall be. [Applause.] her own. She should therefore have a system of her own, separate and apart from that of Europe. While the last is laboring to be­ NEEDED !-"PAN-AMERICAN PRO-AMERICANISM" come the domicile of despotism, our endeavor should surely be, Mr. Chairman, I have fought Hitlerism, Stalinism, and to make our hemisphere that of freedom. One nation, most of Mussolini-ism in and out of Congress. I began the fight all, could disturb us in this pursuit; she now offers to lead, aid, and accompany us in it. By acceding to her proposition, we detach in my own State nearly 7 years ago in speeches before her from the band of despots, bring her mighty weight into the high-school commencement audiences, service clubs, com­ scale of free government, and emancipate a continent at one strike munity groups, and wherever I could find an audience. In which might otherwise linger long in doubt and difficulty. Great Britain is the nation which can do us the most harm of any one, 1936 I devoted the better part of a whole political cam­ or all, on earth; and with her on our · side we need not fear the paign to fighting subversive influences in America and, whole world. With her then we should the most sedulously cher-, 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8553

ish a cordial friend~hip; and nothing would tend more to knit always, and probably do not now, wholly subscribe to the our affections than to be fighting once more, side by side, in the same cause. Not that I would purchase even her amity at the many phases of what we have considered to be our Monroe price of taking part in her wars. But the war in which the pres­ Doctrine. But we pass this resolution and then we will ent proposition might engage us, should that be its consequence, consult with those neighbors after our declaration of policy, is not her war, but ours. Its object is to introduce and to estab- expecting and demanding that they acquiesce. • !ish the American system, of keeping out of our land all foreign powers, of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with Shall I say I will not recognize or acquiesce in certain the affairs of our nations. It is to maintain our own principle, transferees taking title to the land next to mine? Does not to depart from it. And if, to facilitate this, we can effect a that mean that I will not speak to him if he takes possession division in the body of the European powers, and draw over to our side its most powerful member, surely we should do it. But I or that I will have no business with him, but that I will do am clearly of Mr. Canning's opinion that it will prevent, instead nothing about it? Of course, if he occupies it, having ac­ of provoking war. With Great Britain withdrawn from their scale quired title, either by duress or exchange, should I resist and shifted into that of our two continents. All Europe com­ by force his taking possession? Is that what this resolution bined would not undertake such a war, for how would they pro­ pose to get at either enemy without superior :fleets? Nor is the intends to say? We must read between the lines. occasion to be slighted which this proposition offers of declaring You have told your people and so have I that we would our protest against the atrocious violations of the rights of na­ not send any boys to fight on foreign soil. Did you mean tions, by the interference of any one in the internal affairs of an­ other so :flagitiously begun by Bonaparte, and now continued by that you would make no aggressive act against a foreign the equally lawless alliance, calling itself holy. nation? Does this mean that we will fight with a foreign But we have first to ask ourselves a question. Do we wish to nation if it attempts to take possession of that which it may acquire to our own confederacy any one or more of the Spanish have legal right to possess? Is this an empty policy as de­ provinces? I candidly confess that I have ever looked on Cuba as the most interesting addition which could ever be made to our clared by us? system of States. The control which, with Florida point, this I say to you again this is a fateful resolution. Probably island would give us over the Gulf of Mexico, and the countries, none of us will see fit to vote against it. We believe in the and the isthmus bordering on it, as well as all those whose waters :flow into it, would fill up the measure of our political well­ Monroe Doctrine. It is dreadfully inopportune at this par­ being. Yet, as I am sensible that this can never be obtained,. ticular moment from my viewpoint. Did the Committee on even with her own consent, but by war; and its independence, Foreign Affairs consult with our generals and our admirals to which is our second interest (and especially its independence of see if they were ready to enforce it? I heard nothing said England) can be secured without it, I have no hesitation in aban­ doning my first wish to future chances, and accepting its inde­ about that. pendence with peace, and the friendship of England, rather than The resolution states here that they will not only consult its association at the expense of war and her enmity. with them, but "in addition to other measures, consult with I could honestly therefore join in the declaration proposed that we aim not at the acquisition of any of those possessions, that we the other powers." Are you going to take some warlike will not stand in the way of any amicable arrangement between measures immediately and before you consult with these them and the mother country, but that we will oppose with all other powers? Of such a resolution I may not be able our means, the forcible interposition of any other power, as to see very clearly. Perhaps my mind does not allow me to auxiliary, stipendiary, or under any other form or pretext and most especially their transfer to any power by conquest, cession, see it clearly but certainly I can read. As I have said once or acquisition in any other way. I should think it therefore ad­ before, some people can write although they cannot read visable that the Executive should encourage the British Govern­ what they have written. You have written something here ment to a continuance in the dispositions expressed in these let­ which I doubt that you can read fully the whole and com­ ters, by an assurance of his concurrence with them as far as his authority goes, and that as it may lead to war, the declaration plete danger involved. I am greatly disturbed. I would of which requires an act of Congress, the case shall be laid before almost wish to vote "present" and avoid responsibility. I them for consideration at their first meeting, and under the rea­ am just as patriotic, I think, as you, and I think I under­ sonable aspect in which it is seen by himself. I have been so long weaned from political subjects, and have stand the policy of the Monroe Doctrine, but this, I claim, so long ceased to take any interest in them, that I am sensible is more than reaffirmation. This is an expansion placed in I am not qualified to offer opinions on them worthy of any atten­ actual law and placed there before you consult with these tion. But the question now proposed involves consequences so neighbors with whom you declared you would consult with lasting, and effects so decisive of our future destinies, as to re­ kindle all the interest I have heretofore felt on such occasions, and before you would make such a decision. Will these other to induce me to the hazard of opinions, which will prove only my nations agree to this declaration of policy or do you intend Wish to contribute still my might toward anything which may be to force them to do so? [Applause.] useful to our country, and praying you to accept it at only what it is worth, I add the assurance of my constant and affectionate Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ friendship and respect. tleman from Michigan [Mr. DONDERO]. THOMAS JEFFERSON. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, like many other Mem­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentle­ bers of this body, I am going to support this resolution, but man from Massachusetts [Mr. GIFFORDL section 1 raises in my mind a very grave question, and com­ Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Chairman, for many weeks this ing, as it does, at this critical time, this Nation may be con­ possible action has troubled me. On June 3, I placed certain fronted with a reality and not a theory. The resolution pre­ remarks in the RECORD and I will read three sentences from sents a great responsibility to every Member of this House. that statement: I believe it unwise to take this step now in the face of a war­ Gradually the seriousness of the Monroe Doctrine casts its mad world. The language in section 1 reads: shadow upon us. Seemingly nearly all who venture to express The United States would not recognize any transfer, and wouid opinions advise assuming so-called protectorate over all foreign not acquiesce in any attempt to transfer, any geographic region o! possessions in this hemisphere. With our eyes open and only this hemisphere from one non-American power to another no::::t­ with full realization of its fateful results must this step be taken. American power. To me this is a fateful resolution. It may be reiteration, The thought has been going through my mind, what it may be reaffirmation; but if it is only reaffirmation it comes will be the position of the United States if t:Q.e islands that at a very distressing moment. It should have been made once belonged to Belgium, the Netherlands, to Holland, and many months ago. The resolution refers to certain con­ to France in this hemisphere shall by force of arms become ferences with other South American nations and certaln con­ the possessions of the German Empire, or the German Reich. ferences with foreign ministers. It was understood that if If such should be the case, the United States would be com­ the time came when such transfer was contemplated we would pelled to acquiesce in such transfer and surrender its long­ sit down and consult with those _nations. But now we proceed established policy of the Monroe Doctrine or be ready to wage to pass this resolution saying "that we will not recognize or war to maintain it. If the mother countries of the islands in acquiesce in any non-American nation taking title to territory or near this Western Hemisphere should cease to exist and now belonging to other non-American nations." We say this the title to them could not be transferred as set out in sec­ before we consult with these other South American nations. tion 1 of the resolution before us, to whom would they be­ We may dread to think what our consultations may amount long? They will become orphans and we may be the foster to when we seek agreement with those nations that have not parent. LXXXVI--538 8554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 Are we attempting to freeze the sovereignty of those islands sion by one or more non-American countries of islands in as they are now? If they do become the possessions of the this hemisphere may or may not be as dangerous or as safe German Reich by reason of conquest of arms, what are we to our peace and national security as the ownership and going to do about it? This resolution says that we will not possession of such islands by any other foreign power or acquiesce in such transfer, and a letter from Mr. Cordell Hull, powers. [Applause.] Secretary of State, says that we will then consult with our Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1% minutes to the · southern neighbors "in addition to other measures" to pro­ gentleman from New York [Mr. REED]. tect our interests. Suppose that our southern neighbors do Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chairman, I cannot say not take the same attitude toward such transfer as we do very much in a minute and a half, and yet for the life of and that we are left alone. Then what will be the position of me I cannot see where we have very much to gain by pass­ the United States? We will have but one of two choices to ing this resolution. It seems to me that the Monroe Doc­ make. We can either defend the Monroe Doctrine as we have trine is our doctrine, and that it should be interpreted by always insisted we would, and be prepared to fight to main­ the American people as conditions arise. Now that the tain it or surrender it. resolution is here I shall vote for it, but in my opinion it Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ought not be here at this time. Mr. DONDERO. Yes. I yield to my friend, the chairman I cannot see one single advantage at this time in passing of the Foreign Affairs Committee. this resolution. I think as the various exigencies arise the Mr. BLOOM. We have not recognized the conquest of American Government will interpret the Monroe Doctrine. Poland or Czechoslovakia, of Austria, Holland, Belgium, or Naturally it will do it for its own protection, but I question Denmark or Norway, have we in any way? today very much the wisdom of the language in this par­ Mr. DONDERO. The question that the gentleman raises ticular resolution. I think we are doing just what we does not fit the case. should not do; that is, assume a very belligerent attitude, Mr. BLOOM. The gentleman says that we will have to before we know all the facts and before all the facts are recognize them, or else. developed. I think it would be far safer to let the Monroe Mr. DONDERO. I am referring to islands that those coun­ Doctrine stand and then when the time comes to act upon tries once owned or now own in the Western Hemisphere, if that Monroe Doctrine, to act as the circumstances direct they are taken over by right of conquest, as seem probable at at that time. Adequate preparedness is a condition prece­ the present moment, what will we do about it in that case? dent to any effective defense of the Monroe Doctrine or of a Mr. BLOOM. Has not Belgium been taken over by right defiant resolution such as the one now before the House. of conquest? . The country desires prompt action in providing for national Mr. DONDERO. But that is a country in Europe. It has defense, not so many resolutions and not quite so much no application to the islands in the western world. bluster and talk. [Applause.] Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman [Here the gavel fell.] yield? Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from Mr. DONDERO. Yes. Texas [Mr. KILDAY]. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Does the gentleman contend for 1 Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Chairman, as the angry flames of war minute, whether we pass this resolution or not, we would crash through Europe with fury, speed, and decisiveness never acquiesce in Germany taking over the island of Cura~ao, known in the history of the world, our American people are which now belongs to Holland? I think it is clear that we brought face to face with the stern realities of war. More would not acquiesce, whether we pass this resolution or not, important, they wonder where they may be in the present if they attempted to take over anything by right of conquest condition of things and what may be their position when the or in any other way. result is finally known. A great feeling of uncertainty and Mr. DONDERO. Suppose it is taken over and we do not mental turmoil has seized our people. I wish that some word acquiesce, what, then, are you going to do about it? Are you of mine could relieve the distress, still more that some act on going to insist upon purchasing the island or are you going to my part might contribute to a removal of the cause of that take it by conquest? If you do, then you are taking a step distress. However, we must all realize now that the time for toward war and that is the question in my mind that comes wishful thinking has passed, the time for believing in or hoping at this time, when perhaps it should not be raised in this for miracles is gone. Stern reality is our future. country. My greatest desire is to see my country remain at peace. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Does the gentleman know what we The last thing I want to happen is to see our young manhood did in 1811 when we were a small country? We just walked in march off to war. My every effort will be devoted to the pre­ and took Florida until they got through fighting over it. vention of war and to the peace and security of my Nation. Mr. DONDERO. We did, but the Monroe Doctrine was In these times a great load of responsibility has fallen upon not in existence in 1811. It did not come into being until the shoulders of those charged with the affairs of our Nation. about 1823. In a war-torn world we cannot be so foolish as to believe Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for that we can sit by·in perfect safety. No matter what may be a moment? the result of the war, the United States must enter upon a Mr. DONDERO. Yes. new era in her history. We are young insofar as the lives Mr. BLOOM. I just want to get into the RECORD at this of nations- go. On the other hand, the days of youth and point that I am very glad that my colleague from Ohio freedom from responsibility have gone. We are the strongest [Mr. VoRYSJ and myself, agree at least on one point. nation upon the Western Hemisphere. Only in the Western Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Hemisphere is there now peace. Only here is there guaran­ Mr. DONDERO. Yes. teed and observed the great liberties of the people. Here Mr. FISH. I understand the gentleman's position, but it alone is there freedom of conscience, of speech, and of the seems to me in this critical situation it is about time that press. This Nation must take on the full responsibility of we got a little hard boiled ourselves, and that we serve no­ preserving those liberties to this hemisphere and to all of the tice on the world of exactly what we meant, and if they people in this hemisphere. This need not be because of any want to come over here in defiance of an act of Congress sentimental thought that we should provide for such liberties and the Monroe Doctrine, then they come over at their own for the peoples of this hemisphere, though that would be risk, but I think they will recognize our language, and not ample justification. · a few soft words, evading it and pussyfooting. If we mean It is dictated, however, by a far more basic and funda­ what we say, let us say it, and let us say it in a hard-boiled mental reason. It is required because of the very first law way. of Nature-self-preserv-ation. We must assume the burden· Mr. DONDERO. And my answer to that is that we are of preventing the implanting of foreign ideologies upon these taking an aggressive step today. Ownership or posses- two continents. We must prevent the infiltration of these 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8555 ideologies. But, above all, we must be in a position to re­ defense of this Nation in a vigorous and energetic fashion, pulse, by force if needs be, any foreign power which might still with a calm and sober manner which characterizes the seek to invade any of the countries of North, Central, or South man trained in military affairs. America. We must do so for our own protection. We must Congress, and especially the committees charged with the do so for our own security. We must do so to preserve our national defense, is awake to the condition. Without fan­ own lives. fare, devoid of sensationalism and showmanship, this Con­ Let no person be shocked by this position. It is not new gress is discharging its duty to the United States. There is in the life of the United States. It is a policy to which we but one issue here, it is the defense of our own Nation and our • have long been committed. As a matter of fact, it is a policy own people. There is the determination that our American of which we have long boasted; it is one of the great basic people shall not be found unprepared and unprotected as were things in the Nation of which we are proud. It has existed some of the peoples of Europe. This burden weighs heavily since the 2d day of December 1823, when President James upon each and every one of us. Time for expected adjourn­ Monroe delivered his seventh annual message to the Con­ ment draws near. The national conventions of the two politi­ gress of the United States. It is the Monroe Doctrine. It cal parties will soon be held. will be well for us to pause long enough to contemplate what However, we are working day and night on the business in that wise President of these United States had to say. In hand. As individuals, we in the Congress are anxious to so doing we are again challenged by the prophetic vision adjourn and return to our homes. We have been in Wash­ of the early fathers of our Nation. This language is from ington for a long time now. Many personal interests chal­ that message, and therefore from the declaration of the Mon­ lenge us at home. Personally, there are reasons for me to roe Doctrine; it is a good policy for today: want to be in my district. On the other hand, I feel that we In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to them­ should stay here so long as there is any reasonable necessity selves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our for our presence. Major nations are being conquered in but policy so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously a few days. We should stay here until the program for the menaced that we resent injuries or make preparation for our I defense. With the movements in this hemisphere we are of neces­ defense of our Nation is thoroughly formulated and well under sity more immediately connected, and by causes which must be way. I appreciate membership in the c'ongress of the United obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. States. But let me say here and now that my personal wel­ I subscribe to every word contained in that declaration. All fare, my political welfare, my career, and my future are as good Americans approve and applaud that statement as a nothing to me when the welfare of my Nation is involved. declaration of present policy as desirable now as it was in Therefore I shall stay at my post of duty no matter what may 1823. Then President Monroe proceeded with this language: be my personal interests or desires until I know that the pro­ gram for the defense of my Nation is secure. If this means We owe it, therefore·, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare the termination of my career here, well and good, my con­ that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their science will be the easier because of duty performed. system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace This is our own, our native land. As each day passes we and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. must be impressed with the fact that this land of ours is But wit h t he governments who have declared their independence thrice blessed with freedom and with liberty. During these and m aintained it, and whose independence we have, on great con­ trying times we must resolve that this Nation shall be pro­ sideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view tected, that her institutions must be preserved, that our chil­ any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any dren and our children's children may enjoy the blessings other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition which our forefathers captured and passed on to us for our toward the United States. enjoyment. That, my fellow Americans, is the Monroe Doctrine of Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to which you and I have long boasted. The pending resolution extend my remarks in the RECORD. is but a present-day declaration of the doctrine. Enforce­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, it is so ordered. ment of the doctrine is as vitally important to the personal There was no objection. welfare of each and every American today as it was in 1823. Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, the purpose of this resolu­ In my humble opinion it is of more importance today than tion-House Joint Resolution 556-is to reaffirm at this criti­ ever. Since it was proclaimed we have grown from a nation cal time in world affairs the long-standing policy of this which was young and weak, having just passed through a war Government with reference to the extension to this hemis­ in which our own country was invaded and our own Capital phere by non-American states of their systems and political City and Capitol Building destroyed. Now we are the richest institutions. This is done by the first paragraph of the and most powerful Nation in the world. We possess every­ resolution, which states that the United States would not thing that will cause longing and covetous eyes to be cast recognize any transfer and would not acquiesce in any at­ upon us. More than half of the mined gold in the world is tempt ·to transfer any geographic region of this hemisphere within our borders and a large percentage of the mined silver. from one non-American power to another non-American Every natural resource that would cause an invading nation power. This paragraph would apply not only to an actual to seek to possess our land is here. transfer or an attempt to transfer a region but would also Our pathway is clear. We have no choice. We must put apply to any exercise of control over such a region. this Nation in such condition that no nation, however strong, The second paragraph states that if such a transfer or will seek to invade our shores. In addition, and perhaps more attempt to transfer should appear likely, the United States­ necessary than preparation for attempted invasion, we must Shall, in addition to other measures, immediately consult with the be prepared to live up to every word, every sentence, every other American republics to determine upon the steps which line, and every principle announced in the Monroe Doctrine. should be taken to safeguard their common interests. This will mean that no nation can take offense at our action, This latter provision contemplates consultation in con­ for we are but carrying out our announced policy-a policy formity with the Convention for the Maintenance of Peace, respected and observed by the nations of the world for 117 signed at Buenos Aires in 1936, the Declaration of Lima of years. When prepared to maintain and defend this position 1938, and the Resolution of the American Republics, signed we can be far more content that no nation, I care not how at Panama in 1939, all referred to in the preamble. It flushed with victory over others, will attempt to attack us or would not prevent the United States unilaterally from taking dispute our claim to the freedom of these Americas from such measures as it may see fit to take under the circum­ European ideologies. Remember, force fears only force. stances obtaining at the moment. The United States, with He1:e in Washington feverish efforts are being made to ac­ or without the adoption of the proposed resolution, is, of complish just such a program. I am glad that hysteria has course, a free agent and may, whenever circumstances re­ not seized Washington. The War and Navy Departments quire, take such steps as may be necessary or desirable to are going about their important tasks of providing for the prevent foreign inroads in this hemisphere. 8556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 In his farewell address in 1796, President Washington ad­ render it necessary, I think, to make some declaration covering a case where a corporation or association was involved. monished us "against the insidious wiles of foreign influ­ In this particular case it became apparent from the inquiries ence," stating that against such wiles "the jealousy of a free made by the committee and by the administration that no gov­ people ought to be constantly awake, since history and ex­ ernment was concerned in taldng possession of Magdalena Bay; perience prove that foreign influence is one of the most bane­ but, it also became apparent that those persons who held control of the Mexican concession, which included the land about Mag­ ful foes of republican government." dalena Bay, were engaged in negotiations, which have not yet On a number of occasions during our early history this been completed, certainly, but which have only been tentative, Government announced that it would be unwilling to see looking to the sale of that bay, and the land about it, to a corporation either created or authorized by a foreign government, territory in this hemisphere in the hands of European states or in which the stock was largely held or controlled by foreigners. transferred by them to other European states. • • • • • * • In 1801 the American Minister to England, Rufus King, The resolution is merely a statement of policy, allied to the reported to the Secretary of State that he had had a con­ Monroe Doctrine, of course, but not necessarily dependent upon it or growing out of it. • • • It seemed to the committee versation with Lord Hawkesbury with reference to the re­ that it was very wise to make this statement of policy at this ported cession of the Floridas by Spain to France, and ·that- time, when it can give offense to no one and makes the position The purport of what I said was that we are contented that the of the United States clear. Floridas remain in the hands of Spain but should not be willing At the present moment the situation in Europe is chaotic to see them transferred, except to ourselves. to say the least. We do not know what the final outcome may On February 29, 1808, President Jefferson made a similar be nor do we know what plans may be in mind with respect statement with respect to Spanish possessions in this to the shifting of territory, but we do know what our long­ hemisphere. He stated that we would be "very unwilling to established policy has been concerning the acquisition of terri­ see them in that (the possession) of either france or tory in this hemisphere by non-American powers, and the England, politically or commercially. We consider their establishment of their systems herein. With the admonition interests and ours as the same, and that the object of both of President Washington against the insidious wiles of foreign must be to exclude. all European influence from this influence we are in hearty accord. We have all these things hemisphere." clearly in mind, and the purpose of this resolution is to remind In keeping with this previously declared policy, President those foreign powers that our position has not been altered. Monroe in his annual message to Congress, December 2, It is preferable that this reminder should be given in advance 1823, announced a doctrine, since referred to as the Monroe of any overt act than that we should be confronted with an Doctrine, stating among other things that: accomplished situation which might be more difficult to deal • • • the occasion has been judged proper for asserting as with later than now. The resolution is not directed at any a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States one power but at any and all non-American powers which may are involved, that the American continents, by the free and inde­ be casting eyes in the direction of this hemisphere. It is not pendent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future coloniza­ a challenge or a move in the direction of war, but, quite the tion by any European powers. contrary, it is a step taken in advance for the purpose of avoiding possible ditficulties which might arise if foreign He also stated: powers were allowed to believe that there has been any change We owe it, therefore, to candor, and to amicable relations in our policy in these respects. The resolution is but a reiter­ existing between the United States and those powers, to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their ation of our time-honored policy. Its adoption is timely, and system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our is for the benefit of those who may think that there has been peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies some deviation on our part from this policy. [Applause.] of any European power we have not interfered and shall not [Here the gavel fell.] interfere. • • • It is impossible that the Allied Powers should extend their Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I want the RECORD to show political system to any portion of either continent without that we have yielded back 49% minutes. endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that The CHAffiMAN. All time has expired. The Clerk will our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should read. behold such interposition, in any form, with indifference. • • * The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, etc., (1) That the United States would not r~ognize In 1912, when rumors were abroad that a corporation any transfer, and would not acquiesce in any attempt to transfer, was about to obtain a concession in Magdalena Bay on the any geographic region of the Western Hemisphere from one non­ coast of Lower California and that such concession would American power to another non-American power; and probably be used as a naval base by a foreign government, (2) That if such transfer or attempt to transfer should appear likely, the United States shall, in addition to other measures, im­ Senator Lodge introduced a resolution, which the Senate mediately consult with the other American republics to determine adopted by the overwhelming vote of 51 to 4, on August 2, upon the steps which should be taken to safeguard their common 1912, reading as follows: interests. Resolved, That when any harbor or other place in the Ameri­ With the following committee amendment: can continents is so situated that the occupation thereof for naval or military purposes might threaten the communications Page 1, line 5. after the word "of", strike out "the Western Hemi­ or the safety of the United States, the Government of the United sphere" and insert "this hemisphere." states could not see without grave concern the possession of such The committee amendment was agreed to. harbor or other place by any corporation or association which has such a relation to another government, not American, as to Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last give that government practical power or control for national word. purposes. Mr. Chairman, my very dear and close friend the gentle­ In commenting upon the resolution Senator Lodge sta~ed: man from New York [Mr. REED] seems to differ vitally with This resolution rests on a generally accepted principle of the me on this proposal. This is an administration measure. I law of nations older than the Monroe Doctrine. It rests on the do not say that I would have advised bringing it up, but principle that every nation has a right to protect its' own safety, it passed the Senate unanimously and the administration and that if it feels that the possession by a foreign power, for military or naval purposes, of any given harbor or place is preju­ wants it. It is before the House and that is why I am sup­ dicial to its safety, it is its duty as well as its right to interfere. porting it. I do not know whether it was wise to bring it up * * * * * in the first instance or not, but being here I think the House The Monroe Doctrine was, of course, an extension in our own should realize that tremendons changes have occurred in the interest.s of this underlying principle--the right of every nation to provide for its own safety. The Monroe Doctrine, as we all world in the last few years. know, was applied, so far as the taking possession of territory When the Monroe Doctrine was written there were no sub­ was concerned, to its being open to further colonization, and marines and there were no airplanes. We had nothing to fear, naturally did not touch upon the precise point involved here. But, without any Monroe Doctrine the possession of a harbor such this great country of ours, from any foreign nation whatso­ as that of Magdalena Bay, which has led to this resolution, would ever. But since airplanes have been invented and since sub- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS.E 8557 marines have been discovered, any unfriendly nation, any na­ limited increases we have made the result is what? We tion with a different political system that might be opposed have raised the Marines now to the total of 34,000 men. to ours, or any nation that had any kind of a design on us, That is our answer to these dictator nations that threaten which owned any one of those islands could use them against our sovereignty. Thirty-four thousand Marines. Enough us for airplane bases, for submarine bases, and against the perhaps to dislodge an enemy in one island in the Caribbean. Panama Canal. The whole situation has changed. There­ We have talked about raising our Army to 400,000 men-less fore, it may be advisable to reaffirm the Monroe Doctrine and . than the army of any one of the little countries that went to show exactly what we mean to all of the other nations of under overnight. the world, that we are deliberately opposed to the transfer I wish I could satisfy my conscience that this Congress of any of those non-American possessions to any other non­ by voting the appropriations we have recently voted have American country. provided all that we can provide to protect this Nation. That is simply the issue before us. Conditons have We cannot be lazy and fat and selfish and say we will buy changed. When the gentleman from New York talks about this protection, we will hire a professional force to do it, the Monroe Doctrine alone he fails to realize th~t this situa­ we will not have our lives or our businesses interrupted, tion with which we are confronted is critical, and that our we will carry on our business as usual, we will not take part very existence is at stake. I do not think anybody who knows in a national-defense program. I am not one who wants the facts would even compromise in any way in having any this Congress to stay here to harass the President. The possibly unfriendly nation owning any single one of these President is going to have to be given more power to mobi­ islands that might be directed against us and against the lize industry, to mobilize our men, to use these great natu­ Panama Canal and used by modern weapons of warfare. ral resources and abilities this Nation has, or we are not That is the reason I rose at this time, to point out that going to be able to exist in a world that is driven by one­ conditions have changed. man governments that can utilize every resource within a Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Will the gentleman yield? country. This Congress should realize that on it rests the Mr. FISH. I yield. responsibility of whether democracy can live, whether we Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. The gentleman said "deal are going to play politics with a situation that calls for the with them as conditions arise." The condition is now aris­ best resources and the use of the best minds of this Nation. ing, is it not, at this time? If you distrust our great leader-and I do not-then give Mr. FISH. It has arisen and nobody knows what will that power to a joint board, but give it to somebody that happen within the next week or next month. this country may utilize its resources to meet any even­ Mr. BENDER. Will the gentleman yield? tuality. England and France reached this conclusion too Mr. FISH. I yield. late. A democracy can always take back powers granted. Mr. BENDER. Are we in a position now to deal with But if a democracy does not grant powers in time there is them? Are we prepared? Are we ready to deal? no power left to take back. Mr. FISH. I am glad the gentleman asked that. I wish This country has a big job to do. A great majority of everybody else would ask it everyday, because the people our citizens are patriotic and want to help do it. Congress back home are under the impression that we, the greatest is charged with the responsibility of representing the public. Nation in the world, are utterly defenseless; that we are likt: The President has appointed the best minds in the Nation Abyssinia or China. All you have to do is to ask the chair­ as his advisory council. Congress has backed the President man of our House Committee on Naval Affairs, who is per­ in every request. My only fear is, have we done enough. haps the greatest exponent of a big Navy in this country Can we keep this war away from the Americas? We can and who has done a splendid job in building up the Navy. if we have the courage to submerge our selfish interest, He said the other day that the United States has the great­ look realities in the face, and mobilize all our resources to est, the largest, the most efficient, and the best Navy in the keep war from the Americas. The Naval Affairs Committee world today. [Applause.] What is the use of all this craven tomorrow will recommend the greatest Navy in world his­ talk? We fear no country with a navy of that kind and we tory-good for them. Let us make every branch keep step propose to continue to have the greatest Navy in the world. and preserve peace "over here." [Applause.] [Applause.] [Here the gavel fell.] The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last York has expired. three words. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to Mr. Chairman, for the purpose of the RECORD, I think it the pro forma amendment. ought to show a list of foreign possessions on the American· Mr. Chairman, we have heard a great number of words Continents. I received this list just recently from the Library explaining the Monroe Doctrine. I want to quote one sen­ of Congress. Denmark has Greenland. Holland has Curacao tence from Elihu Root, which sums up the Monroe Doctrine: in the West Indies near Venezuela, and Surinam, commonly known as Dutch Guiana. The Doctrine is not international law, but it rests upon the right of self-protection. France has St. Pierre and Miquelon, south of Newfound­ land; Guadeloupe and Martinique, islands between Puerto In other words, this resolution and the Monroe Doctrine Rico and South America; and French GUiana in South that came into being at the time when diplomacy meant America. something, when doctrines meant something, actually means Great Britain has Canada, a dominion; Newfoundland; that we have to use force to keep out of this continent any Labrador, a dependency of Newfqundland; Bermuda. In the country that threatens our sovereignty, that we have to use West Indies she has the following eight colonies: the Baha­ · force to dislodge any country that gets a foothold in this mas, Jamaica, British Leeward Islands, and the British hemisphere. Windward Islands. The British Windward Islands consist The gentleman from New York [Mr. F'IsHJ, who just re­ of three colonies. There is also British Guiana and British linquished the floor, tried to reassure us that we had ade­ Honduras. quate protection. Thanks to our President we have an This, indeed, is a rather important array of territory. It adequate Navy or will have as soon as we can build it. is well indeed to have the protection of all the American re­ Every day new ships are launched or near completion. This publics thrown around these possessions so as to prevent ls the backbone of our defense to preserve the Monroe Doc­ transfer to hostile rulers. trine. I hope the Members who today have urged us to vote We have much to gain through this resolution. It is an for this measure will be as ready to vote for -conscription extension, a necessary extension as I view it, of the Monroe when we are presented with that inevitable vote in the near Doctrine. It will give a warning to grasping dictatorial pow­ future. By that I mean conscription of industry and re­ ers. The resolution, be it remembered, refers primarily to sources as well as men. At the present time with the very the transfer of title to land already owned by a foreign 8558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 18 power. The Monroe Doctrine refers to the acquisition by a Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I am going to make a foreign power in the first instance. There is, therefore, an motion that all debate be closed. essential difference, and it is necessary to have this resolu­ Mr. TINKHAM. Mr. Chairman, I wish to offer an tion adopted to round out the purpose underlying the Monroe amendment. It is now in the hands of the Clerk. I wish Doctrine. to be heard on my amendment. I am sure those on the Republican side particularly who Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I move that all debate close voiced any objection would be the first to complain if any­ in 10 minutes. thing should go amiss in the event we did not adopt this The question was taken; and on a division (demanded resolution. by Mr. ScHAFER of Wisconsin) there were-ayes 90, noes 30. Frankly, the Monroe Doctrine did not originate· with Mon­ So the motion was agreed to. roe--message of December 2, 1823. He simply made it articu­ Mr. TINKHAM. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment, late and gave expression to that which had been smoldering which I send to the Clerk's desk. in the minds of Washington and others a long time. Jeffer­ The Clerk read as follows: son had suggested the Gulf Stream as a dividing line, Europe Amendment offered by Mr. TINKHAM: On page 3, line 4, after to remain on one side and the Americas on the other. It is the word "interests", insert the following paragraph: interesting to note that Simon Bolivar, the great South "(3) That in the wars of the European powers in matters re­ lating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it American ratriot, had proclaimed a sort of federation of comport with our policy so to do." American republics for self-defense against Europe. He, figuratively speaking, desired to put up a sign in the Americas Mr. TINKHAM. Mr. Chairman, if we are to have a procla­ to warn Europe. It was to read: "No trespassing." mation of the Monroe Doctrine, we should have a complete The Monroe Doctrine was embraced by all American re­ proclamation of it. The Monroe Doctrine consisted of two publics, in the Declaration at Buenos Aires in 1936, and in parts, one as vital as the other. The first part was that the Declaration of Lima in 1938. European powers were not to interfere with the Western Then there was the Declaration of Panama. This goes Hemisphere and the other part was that the Western Hemis­ even further than either the Declaration of Buenos Aires or phere was not to interfere with European powers or the the Declaration of Lima. For at Panama, the American re­ Eastern Hemisphere. publics made a stronger joint declaration of continental Let me read to you exactly what President Monroe said. solidarity with all the appropriate spiritual and. material It is exactly what is contained in my amendment. means at their disposal. They stated that as neutrals in the Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, is it too late to reserve a current war, they "shall prevent their respective terrestrial, point of order against the amendment? maritime, and aerial territories from being utilized as bases The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Debate has started. of belligerent operations. They- Mr. TINKHAM. Mr. Chairman, here are President Monroe's words: May exclude belligerent submarines from the waters adjacent to their territories or admit them under the condition that they con­ The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most form to the regulations which each country may prescribe. friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellowmen on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers But above all, the Declaration of Panama, which is stated in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, to be a direct complement of the Monroe Doctrine, sets up a nor does it comport with our policy so to do. so-called zone of safety, which includes all the normal mari­ It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make preparations for our defense. • • • time routes of communication and trade between the coun­ Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early tries of America. As a measure of self-protection the Ameri­ stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the can republics insist that the waters, to a distance of approxi­ globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the govern­ mately 300 miles from their coasts- ment de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate Shall remain free from the commission of hostile acts or from the friendly relat ions with it and to preserve those relations by a frank, undertaking of belligerent activities by th{! nations engaged in the firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims present war in which the said govenments are not involved. of every power, submitting to injuries from none. Significantly, the declaration also contains the following: It is true that in 1917 we did intervene in a war of the Eu­ We expect the belligerent nations, and those which in the future ropean powers. That intervention was the greatest disaster may take part in the present war, to observe and respect this that ever occurred to our Republic. It should never be al­ declaration which will be made in Panama as a complement of the lowed to occur again. It was our immunity from devastating Monroe Doctrine and of the Declarations of Buenos Aires and Lima. wars in Europe until 1917 that gave us our strength and our Thus, the Declaration of Panama extends the Monroe Doc­ prosperity. trine a great distance. Thus, the sovereignty of all American Mr. Chairman, the words used by President Monroe are the nations now is projected about 300 miles east of their Atlantic very words used in my amendment. If the Committee passes shores. the resolution without my amendment, only a part of the It has been stated that the Monroe Doctrine has not been Monroe Doctrine will be proclaimed. commuted into a statute or resolution. I refer to the resolu­ My amendment is supported also by the following statement tion adopted by the Senate in 1912, which recited that the of Thomas Jefferson, contained in a letter which he wrote on United States would not look with unconcern upon the at­ October 24, 1823: tempt Japan was then making to colonize Lower California Our first and fundamental maxim should be never to entangle at Magdalena Bay. Ja.pan had sought through a private ourselves in· the broils of Europe; our second, never to suffer Europe company to acquire a naval base in Magdalena Bay. Without to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic affairs. hesitation our Government asserted its position. The resolu­ And by the following statement made by Henry Clay when tion is as follows: he was Secretary of State: Resolved, That when any harbor or other place in the American Continents is so situated that the occupation thereof for naval or Whilst we do not desire to interfere in Europe, with the political military purposes might threaten the communications or the safety system of the Allied Powers, we should regard as dangerous to our of the United States, the Government of the United States could peace and safety any attempt on their part to extend their system not see without grave concern the possession of such harbor or to any portion of our hemisphere. other place by any corporation or association which has such a Also by John Quincy Adams, who, when Secretary of State relation to another government, not American, as to give that government practical power of control for naval or military purposes. in 1820, stated: The political system of the United States is also essentially extra­ On the basis of this precedent, and on the basis of the European. 'l'o stand in firm and cautious . independence of all Declaration of Buenos Aires in 1936, the Declaration of Lima entanglements in the European system has been a cardinal point of in ·1938, and the Declaration of Panama in 1939, we ought, their policy under every administration of their Government from the peace of 1783 to this day. If at the original adoption of their without the slightest hesitation, to adopt this resolution. system there could have been any doubt of its justice or its wisdom, [Applause.] there can be none at this time. Every year's experience rivets it [Here the gavel fell.J more deeply in the principles and opinions of the Nation. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8559 Mr. Chairman, if this resolution is passed without my fer of any geographic region in the Western Hemisphere amendment we will not be enunciating the real, fundamental from one non-American power to another non-American Monroe Doctrine. Certainly, if we assert that European power, and providing for consultation with other American and other powers have no right to intrude or intervene in republics in the event that such transfer should appear our affairs, we should accompany that assertion with a likely, pursuant to House Resolution 525, he reported the declaration that we shall not intrude or intervene in their same back to the House with sundry amendments adopted affairs. I certainly hope the Hcuse will do what is sound in Committee of the Whole. and in accordance with tradition and adopt my amendment. The SPEAKER. Under the rule the previous question is Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman yield? ordered. Mr. TINKHAM. I yield to the honorable Representative The question is on agreeing to the amendments. from Vlisconsin. The amendments were agreed to. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Is it not true that under The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read a the Monroe Doctrine it is just as essential for the United third time and was read the third time. States to stop meddling in the internal affairs and wars of Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, l have a motion European and other non-American countries as it is for to recommit. them to stop meddling in the internal affairs, wars, and The SPEAKER. Is the gentleman opposed to the joint other problems of the Americas·? resolution? Mr. TINKHAM. President Monroe asserted that very Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I am opposed to the one­ policy in the original doctrine. sided joint resolution as it is now. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. If we adopt this resolution, The SPEAKER. Does any gentleman desire to offer a we will only be adopting one side of the Monroe Doctrine, motion to recommit who is unconditionally opposed to the which applies to the Americas, and in doing so we may get joint resolution? into a critical situation because we ignore that side of the Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I am opposed to the joint Monroe Doctrine which provides that we do not meddle in resolution, Mr. Speaker. the internal affairs and wars of non-American foreign The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the motion to nations. recommit. [Here the gavel fell.] The Clerk read as follows: Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the Mr. ScHAFER of Wisconsin moves to recommit to the Committee amendment. on Foreign Affairs with instructions to report · the joint resolution · Mr. Chairman, a similar amendment, as well as other (H. J. Res. 556) back to the House with the following amendment: amendments, were offered in the Committee on Foreign Page 3, line 4, after the word "interests", add the following para­ graph: Affairs and we had them all under consideration and gave "(3) That in the wars df the European powers in matters relating them ~areful study. We submitted these amendments to to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport the State Department, and we had officials -Of the State with our policy so to do." Department appear· before the committee. The State De­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question partment recommended that we do not in any way accept on the motion to recommit. these amendments that were submitted. The Committee The previous question was ordered. on Foreign Affairs voted them down as far as our side was The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the motion concerned. to recommit. Yesterday the Senate passed this bill unanimously, by The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by a vote of 76 to 0. There was no opposition. Senator NYE Mr. ScHAFER of Wisconsin) there were-ayes 37, noes 173. voted for it, Senator CLARK ~oted for it, and all the Sena­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I object to the vote on the tors present voted for the resolution. I think it would be ground a quorum is not present. a mistake at this time to add anything to the resolution The SPEAKER. The Chair will count. (After counting.) that speaks so clearly as to what is intended. I therefore Two hundred and fifty-three Members are present, a quorum. hope the amendment will not prevail. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I demand the [Here the gavel fell.] . yeas and nays. The CHAIRMAN. All time has expired. The question is The yeas and nays were refused. on agreeing to the amendment offered by the gentleman The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the from Massachusetts [Mr. TINKHAM]. joint resolution. Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, may we have the amendment Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I demand the yeas and nays on reported again? the passage of the joint resolution. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the Clerk will re- The yeas and nays were ordered. read the Tinkham amendment. The question was taken; and there were-yeas, 381, nays 8, There was no objection. answered "present" 6, not voting 36, as follows: The Clerk reread the Tinkham amendment. The question was taken; and on a division, demanded by [Roll No. 155) Mr. ScHAFER of Wisconsin, there were-ayes 66, noes 104. YEAS--381 Alexander Blackney Caldwell Cooper So the amendment was rejected. . Allen, Ill. Bland Cannon, Fla. Corbett The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment . Allen, La. Bloom Cannon, Mo. Costello Allen, Pa. Boehne Carlson Courtney to the preamble. Andersen, H. Carl Boland Cartwright Cox The Clerk read as follows: Anderson, Calif. Bolles Case, S. Dak. Cravens On page 1 strike out the first three whereas clauses in the pre­ Anderson, Mo. Bolton Casey, Mass. Crawford Andresen, A. H. Boren Celler crosser amble and insert: Andrews Boykin Chapman Crowe · "Whereas our traditiona-l policy has been to consider any at­ Angell BradleY. Pa. Church Crowther tempt on the part of non-American powers to extend their system Arends Brewster Clark Culkin to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to the peace and Arnold Brooks Clason Cullen safety not only of this country but of the other American repub­ Austin Brown, Ga. Claypool Cummings lics; and." Ball Brown, Ohio Clevenger Curtis Barden, N.C. Bryson Cluett D'Alesandro The amendment was agreed to. Barnes Buck Cochran Darden, Va. The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule the Committee rises. Barry Buckler, Minn. Coffee, Nebr. Davis Barton, N. Y. Buckley, N.Y. Coffee, Wash. Delaney Accordingly the Committee rose and, the Speaker having Bates, Ky. Bulwinkle Cole, Md. Dempsey resumed the chair, Mr. DuNCAN, Chairman of the Committee Bates, Mass. Burch Cole, N.Y. DeRouen of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that Beam Burdick Collins Dickstein Beckworth Burgin Colmer Dies the Committee, having had under consideration the resolu­ Bell Byrne, N.Y. Connery Ding ell tion (H. J.·Res. 556) ·approving nonrecognition of the trans- Bender Byrns, Tenn. Cooley Dirksen 8560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~UNE .18

Ditter Holmes Marshall Scrugham Mr. Schuetz with Mr. Thomas of New JeJ;sey Dondero Hook Martin, Til. Seccombe l Mr. Wood with Mr. Darrow. · Doughton Hope Martin, Iowa Secrest Mr. Pace with Mr. Woodruff of Michigan. Douglas Horton Martin, Mass. Seger Mr. Romjue with Mr. Rich. Doxey Hull Massingale Shanley Mr. Disney with Mr. Risk. Duncan Hunter May Sheppard Mr. Byron with Mr. Shafer of Michigan. Dunn Izac Michener Sheridan Mr. Houston with Mr. Jenks of New Hampshire. Durham Jacobsen · Miller Short Mr. Mitchell with Mr. Lemke. Eaton Jarman Mills, Ark. Simpson Mr. Merritt with Mr. Shannon. Eberharter Jeffries Mills, La. Smith, Conn. Mr. Sabath with Mr Taylor. Edelstein Jenkins, Ohio Monkiewicz Smith, Ill. Elliott Jennings Monroney Smith, Maine Mr. HAWKS changed his vote from "present" to "no." Ellis Jensen Moser Smith, Ohio Mr. DwoRSHAK changed his vote from "aye" to "present." Elston Johns Mott Smith, Va. Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my vote of "aye" Engel Johnson, Ill. Mouton Smith, Wash. Englebright Johnson, Ind. Mundt Smith, W.Va. and answer "present." Evans Johnson, Luther A.Murdock, Ariz. Snyder Mr. HARRINGTON changed his vote from "no" to "aye." Faddis Johnson, Lyndon Murdock, Utah Somers, N.Y. Fay Johmon, Okla. Murray South The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Fenton Johnson, W.Va. Myers Sparkman A motion to reconsider the vote by which the resolution was Ferguson Jones, Ohio Nelson Springer agreed to was laid on the table. Fernandez Jones, Tex. Nichols Starnes, Ala. Fish Jonkman Norrell Steagall CALENDAR WEDNESDAY nusiNESS Fitzpatrick Kean Norton Stearns, N. H. Flaherty Kee O'Brien Stefan Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Flannagan Kefauver O'Connor Sullivan that the businessJn order tomorrow, Wednesday, be dispensed· Flannery Kelly O'Day Sumner, Til. Folger Kennedy, Martin O'Leary Sumners, Tex. with. Ford, Leland M. Kennedy, Md. Oliver Sutphin The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Ford, Miss. Kennedy, Michael O'Neal Sweeney There was no objection. Ford, Thomas F. Keogh Osmers Sweet Fries Kerr O'Toole Taber PURCHASE OF STOCK. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK BY RECONSTRUC­ Fulmer Kilburn Parsons Talle TION FINANCE CORPORATION Gamble Kilday Patman Tarver Garrett Kinzer Patrick Tenerowicz Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Gartner Kirwan Patton Terry take from the Speaker's table the bill