DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatiotemporal Changes in Forest Loss and Its Linkage to Burned Areas in China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatiotemporal Changes in Forest Loss and Its Linkage to Burned Areas in China J. For. Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01062-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Spatiotemporal changes in forest loss and its linkage to burned areas in China Zhiwei Wu1,2,3 · Saijia Yan1 · Lei He1 · Yanlong Shan4 Received: 23 May 2019 / Accepted: 19 July 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Fire-induced forest loss has substantially loss and burned areas using Spearman’s correlation. For- increased worldwide over the last decade. In China, the con- est loss increased signifcantly (264.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.54, nection between forest loss and frequent fres on a national p < 0.01) throughout China, with an average annual increase scale remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a of 11.4% during 2003–2015. However, the forest loss trend data set for a time-series of forest loss from the Global For- had extensive spatial heterogeneity. Forest loss increased est Watch and for a MODIS-derived burned area for 2003– mainly in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone 2015 to ascertain variations in forest loss and to explore (315.0 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01) and tropical rainforest its relationship with forest fres (represented by burned zone (38.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.66, p < 0.01), but the loss of forest areas) at the country- and forest-zone levels. We quanti- decreased in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest fed trends in forest loss during 2003–2015 using linear zone (− 70.8 km2 year−1; R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01) and the temper- regression analysis and assessed the relation between forest ate deciduous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest zone (− 14.4 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.45, p < 0.05). We found that 1.0% of China’s area had a signifcant positive correlation (r ≥ 0.55, Project Funding: This research was funded by the National p < 0.05) with burned areas and 0.3% had a signifcant nega- Science Foundation of China under Grant Numbers 31570462 r p and 41701514 and the Scientifc and Technological Research tive correlation ( ≤ − 0.55, < 0.05). In particular, forest Project of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education under loss had a signifcant positive relationship with the burned Grant Number GJJ160275. area in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone (16.9% of the lands) and the subtropical evergreen broadleaf The online version is available at http://www.sprin gerli nk.com. forest zone (7.8%). These results provide a basis for future Corresponding editor: Yanbo Hu. predictions of fre-induced forest loss in China. * Zhiwei Wu Keywords Forest loss · Forest fre · Burned area · [email protected] Spatiotemporal variability · Correlation analysis * Yanlong Shan [email protected] 1 Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Introduction Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China 2 Forests play a vital role in the maintenance of the Earth’s School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal ecological balance and mitigation of climate change (Bonan University, Nanchang 330022, People’s Republic of China 3 2008), but forest loss is widespread in various countries Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake (Hansen et al. 2013; Da Ponte et al. 2017; Harris et al. Comprehensive Management and Resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, 2017). Studies based on ground observations and satellite People’s Republic of China data have shown that global forest loss has been remarkably 4 Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, high over the last decade (Hansen et al. 2013; Heino et al. People’s Republic of China 2015; Keenan et al. 2015). For example, global forest loss Vol.:(0123456789)1 3 Z. Wu et al. was ~ 0.19 million km2 a−1 during 2000–2012 (Hansen et al. vegetation conditions and fre regimes considered (Perry 2013). Forest loss has a signifcant impact on ecological pro- et al. 2012; Reilly et al. 2018). Consequently, evaluating cesses and functions of forest ecosystems (e.g., biodiversity forest loss and fre relationships at diferent spatial scales is loss and ecosystem service reduction) (Foley et al. 2007; essential. Accordingly, we conducted our study at two spatial Betts et al. 2017) and environments (e.g., greenhouse gases scales: (1) all of China and (2) six forest zones throughout emission) (van der Werf et al. 2009; Chiriaco et al. 2013). China. Thus, there is a need to elucidate the spatiotemporal pat- National-level forest and fre inventory data have not terns, trends, and drivers of forest loss (Molin et al. 2017; been freely available to the public or are often incomplete Curtis et al. 2018) because such loss is an important compo- (Lehtomaki et al. 2015; Fornacca et al. 2017), especially for nent of global changes (Trumbore et al. 2015). remote and less-populated areas. In contrast, global observa- Fire has long been considered a major driver of spati- tions using sensors on space-borne satellites have provided otemporal changes in forest loss (Curtis et al. 2018; Reilly multiple regional or global thematic forest and fre data sets et al. 2018). For example, about 67 × 106 ha of forests burned (e.g., the Global Forest Change products and MODIS fre annually worldwide during 2003–2012 (van Lierop et al. products) (Giglio et al. 2010; Hansen et al. 2013), which are 2015). Moreover, studies have suggested that fre frequency usually freely available to the public. Consequently, satellite and the area burned could substantially increase with the imagery data have been widely used to monitor forests and prolonged growing seasons predicted with warming climates fre dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales (Sannier (Liu et al. 2010; Wotton et al. 2010; Abatzoglou and Wil- et al. 2016), especially in areas where spatial and tempo- liams 2016). Such altered fre regimes will likely increase ral forest and fre inventory data are lacking or not publicly forest loss because the efects of fres will be amplifed in available (Fornacca et al. 2017), as is the case for China. warmer, drier climates (Stephens et al. 2013; Brando et al. In this study, we combined multi-sensor satellite observa- 2014). Thus, in this study, we focused on the role of fre in tions to estimate trends in forest loss and its linkage to fre shaping spatiotemporal patterns of forest loss, which may (herein represented by the burned area) during 2003–2015 help to elucidate the vulnerability of forests to fre and their across China and in six forest zones, including a group of resilience after a fre event (Tepley et al. 2017). vegetation zones not dominated by forests, in China. Spe- Forest fres occur frequently in China (Adams and Shen cifcally, the aims of this study were to (1) investigate spati- 2015; Chen et al. 2017). For example, about 78.6% of the otemporal patterns of forest loss in China, (2) analyze rela- land in China was afected by fre during 2001–2016 (Chen tionships between forest loss and burned area, and (3) assess et al. 2017). Fires have caused substantial loss of forests variations in the forest loss–burned area relationships among in China. For example, on 6 May 1987, a fre in the boreal forest zones. forests of northeastern China burned ~ 1.3 × 106 ha and signifcantly afected forest resources and the environment (Xiao et al. 1988; Cahoon et al. 1994). Although the pat- Materials and methods terns and drivers (e.g., urban expansion) of forest loss have been examined in some regions of China (Jia et al. 2015; Forest zones and fre regimes in China Zhai et al. 2017; Zhou et al. 2017), an understanding of the efects of fres on forest loss on a national scale for China is China has fve forest zones: (I) cold temperate deciduous still lacking. Filling this gap in our knowledge will increase coniferous forest zone (low fre frequency but high aver- the accuracy of predictions of future trends in forest change age burned area); (II) temperate deciduous mixed broadleaf (loss or gain) in China. and coniferous forest zone; (III) warm temperate deciduous China’s climate ranges from tropical to arctic and from broadleaf-mixed forest zone (low forest coverage and low rainy to extremely dry, and forest ecosystems range from forest fre frequency); (IV) subtropical evergreen broadleaf subtropical to boreal forests (Piao et al. 2004), resulting in forest zone (high coverage and fre frequency, but low aver- diverse fre regimes (Chen et al. 2017). For example, smaller age burned area); and (V) tropical rainforest zone (high for- fres occur most frequently in the hot, humid subtropical est coverage, but low fre frequency). There are three other evergreen broadleaf forests of southern China. In contrast, vegetation zones in China that are not typically dominated fres in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests of by forests: temperate grasslands (low fre frequency, but high northeastern China usually account for the majority of the average burned area), temperate steppes and desert region, burned area in the country (Tian et al. 2013; Chang et al. and Qinghai–Xizang plateau alpine region (very low forest 2015). Studies have shown that forest loss to fres may be coverage and rare fres) (Guo et al. 2017). Because these positive, negative, or unrelated, depending largely on the three vegetation zones have also experienced forest loss 1 3 Spatiotemporal changes in forest loss and its linkage to burned areas in China Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of forest zones and types in China. Zones: I, cold temper- ate deciduous coniferous forest zone; II, temperate deciduous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest zone; III, warm temper- ate deciduous broadleaf-mixed forest zone; IV, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone; V, tropical rainforest zone; VI, vegetation zones in China that are not typically dominated by forests during our study period (2003–2015), we included them Data sources in our data analyses.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Institution-Based Barriers to Innovation in Smes in China
    Asia Pac J Manag DOI 10.1007/s10490-011-9263-7 Institution-based barriers to innovation in SMEs in China Yanmei Zhu & Xinhua Wittmann & Mike W. Peng # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Despite significant development, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China continue to experience institution-based barriers, especially in the area of innovation. What exactly are these barriers? How do these barriers influence innovation? How about the status quo of the institutional environment for SMEs’ innovation and development? We seek to uncover these underexplored areas by developing a model characterized by a cost-risk-opportunity (CRO) innovation triangle. Wethen enrich this model by interviewing 82 top managers and owners at 41 SMEs. We identify the five key institution-based barriers to innovation in China: (1) competition fairness, (2) access to financing, (3) laws and regulations, (4) tax burden, and (5) support systems. These findings enhance the institution-based view of entrepreneurship by shedding light on how institution-based barriers affect innovation in SMEs. Keywords Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) . Innovation . Institution . Policy. China There is hardly any debate on a key proposition in the institution-based view of entrepreneurship: institutions matter (North, 1990). Specifically, “managers and firms We thank Garry Bruton, Shulin Gu, Steve Sauerwald, and Steven Si for helpful comments. An earlier version was accepted for presentation at the Academy of International Business, Nagoya, Japan, June 2011 and the IACMR Conference, Shanghai, China, June 2010. We thank Jihong Sanderson who interviewed managers at over 20 enterprises together with the first author in Shanghai and Shenzhen and composed the report in Chinese for the 2009 Pujiang Innovation Forum.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Risk of Crime in China
    Business and the Ris k of Crime in China Business and the Ris k of Crime in China Roderic Broadhurst John Bacon-Shone Brigitte Bouhours Thierry Bouhours assisted by Lee Kingwa ASIAN STUDIES SERIES MONOGRAPH 3 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/ National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Business and the risk of crime in China : the 2005-2006 China international crime against business survey / Roderic Broadhurst ... [et al.]. ISBN: 9781921862533 (pbk.) 9781921862540 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Crime--China--21st century--Costs. Commercial crimes--China--21st century--Costs. Other Authors/Contributors: Broadhurst, Roderic G. Dewey Number: 345.510268 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Cover image: The gods of wealth enter the home from everywhere, wealth, treasures and peace beckon; designer unknown, 1993; (Landsberger Collection) International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2011 ANU E Press Contents Foreword . vii Lu Jianping Preface . ix Acronyms . xv Introduction . 1 1 . Background . 25 2 . Crime and its Control in China . 43 3 . ICBS Instrument, Methodology and Sample . 79 4 . Common Crimes against Business . 95 5 . Fraud, Bribery, Extortion and Other Crimes against Business .
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Major Threats to China's Economic Growth
    Upjohn Institute Press Understanding the Major Threats to China’s Economic Growth Wing Thye Woo University of California, Davis Chapter 4 (pp. 43-82) in: The Impacts of China’s Rise on the Pacific and the World Wei-Chiao Huang, Huizhong Zhou, editors. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2018 DOI: 10.17848/9780880996358.ch4 Copyright ©2018. W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. All rights reserved. The Impacts of China’s Rise on the Pacific and the World Wei-Chiao Huang Huizhong Zhou Editors 2018 W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Kalamazoo, Michigan Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Huang, Wei-Chiao, editor. | Zhou, Huizhong, 1947- editor. Title: The impacts of China’s rise on the Pacific and the world / Wei-Chiao Huang, Huizong Zhou, editors. Description: Kalamazoo, Mich. : W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, [2018] | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017055606 | ISBN 9780880996327 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 0880996323 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780880996334 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 0880996331 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780880996358 (ebook) | ISBN 0880996358 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: China—economic conditions. | China—foreign economic relations. Classification: LCC HC427.95 .I47 2018 | DDC 330.951—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017055606 © 2018 W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research 300 S. Westnedge Avenue Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007-4686 The facts presented in this study and the observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Cover design by Carol A.S. Derks.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in Mainland China from 1980 to 2010
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14545–14562, 2016 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/14545/2016/ doi:10.5194/acp-16-14545-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions in mainland China from 1980 to 2010 Shushi Peng1, Shilong Piao1, Philippe Bousquet2, Philippe Ciais1,2, Bengang Li1, Xin Lin2, Shu Tao1, Zhiping Wang3, Yuan Zhang1, and Feng Zhou1 1Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 3State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence to: Shushi Peng ([email protected]) Received: 14 February 2016 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 16 March 2016 Revised: 31 October 2016 – Accepted: 1 November 2016 – Published: 23 November 2016 Abstract. Methane (CH4/ has a 28-fold greater global warm- factors collected from state-of-the-art published literatures. ◦ ◦ ing potential than CO2 over 100 years. Atmospheric CH4 We also distributed province-scale emissions into 0.1 × 0.1 concentration has tripled since 1750. Anthropogenic CH4 maps using socioeconomic activity data. This new inventory emissions from China have been growing rapidly in the past could help understanding CH4 budgets at regional scale and decades and contribute more than 10 % of global anthro- guiding CH4 mitigation policies in China. pogenic CH4 emissions with large uncertainties in existing global inventories, generally limited to country-scale statis- tics.
    [Show full text]
  • "All Under Heaven" -- Megaspace in Beijing
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication January 2008 "All Under Heaven" -- Megaspace in Beijing Carolyn Marvin University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Recommended Citation (OVERRIDE) Marvin, C. (2008). "All under heaven" -- Megaspace in Beijing. In M. E. Price & D. Dayan (Eds.), Owning the Olympics (pp. 229-259). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Library. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/127 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/127 For more information, please contact [email protected]. "All Under Heaven" -- Megaspace in Beijing Abstract Staging the 2008 Olympics is heady stuff for the modern descendants of the Middle Kingdom. Though its emperor once possessed a divine mandate to rule "All Under Heaven," China's international role has been far more circumscribed during the last century and a half. Now the Chinese believe their luck has changed. Playing host to the largest of all modern peacetime extravaganzas perfectly suits the current Chinese political imagination, succinctly if not subtly expressed in the Beijing Olympic Slogan, "One World, One Dream." Through the magic of media, the 2008 Games will certainly reach all under heaven, a scale the Chinese have embraced by sending an Olympic flag ot orbit the earth for five days in 2005 aboard China's second manned space mission, Shengzhou VI (Zhao 2005). This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/127 "All Under Heaven"­ Megaspace in Beijing Carolyn Marvin Staging the 2008 Olympics is heady stuff for the modern descendants of the Middl~ Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • (2016) “Inventory of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in Mainland China from 1980‐2010
    Response to review of revised paper of Peng et al. (2016) “Inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions in Mainland China from 1980‐2010. Comments to the Author: 5 Although a full analysis of monthly emissions is not conducted in this study, some recommendations on the seasonality should be provided in the text. I thinks the paper is ready for publication after addressing this issue. 10 [Response] Thanks. We added some recommendations on the seasonality in the text: “In addition, because of the limitation of activity and mitigation data availability on monthly scale, the seasonality of CH4 emissions for each source sector which is also important for the atmospheric chemistry modelling (Shindell et al., 2012), is not investigated in this study. If the detailed monthly activity data and mitigation data for each source sector (see Section 2.2) can be available, the full monthly CH4 emissions inventory database could be built based on the 15 bottom-up method used in this study in future.” 1 Inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions in Mainland China from 1980 to 2010 S. S. Peng1*, S. L. Piao1, P. Bousquet2, P. Ciais1,2, B. G. Li1, X. Lin2, S. Tao1, Z. P. Wang3, Y. Zhang1, F. Zhou1 5 1Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 3State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10 Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence to: S.
    [Show full text]
  • Owning the Olympics
    Owning the Olympics Owning the Olympics Narratives of the New China Monroe E. Price and Daniel Dayan, Editors THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS and THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARY Ann Arbor Copyright © by Monroe E. Price and Daniel Dayan 2008 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid-free paper 2011 2010 2009 2008 4321 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-0-472-07032-9 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-472-07032-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-472-05032-1 (paper : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-472-05032-X (paper : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-472-02450-6 (electronic) Contents Introduction Monroe E. Price 1 I. De‹ning Beijing 2008: Whose World, What Dream? “One World, Different Dreams”: The Contest to De‹ne the Beijing Olympics Jacques deLisle 17 Olympic Values, Beijing’s Olympic Games, and the Universal Market Alan Tomlinson 67 On Seizing the Olympic Platform Monroe E. Price 86 II. Precedents and Perspectives The Public Diplomacy of the Modern Olympic Games and China’s Soft Power Strategy Nicholas J. Cull 117 “A Very Natural Choice”: The Construction of Beijing as an Olympic City during the Bid Period Heidi Østbø Haugen 145 Dreams and Nightmares: History and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Watching in China Reveals Bird Distribution Changes
    Article Ecology February 2013 Vol.58 No.6: 649656 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5458-7 Bird watching in China reveals bird distribution changes LI XueYan1,2, LIANG Lu3, GONG Peng2,3*, LIU Yang4 & LIANG FeiFei3 1 College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2 Institute of Remote Sensing Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China; 3 Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4 Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100086, China Received July 13, 2012; accepted July 27, 2012; published online September 16, 2012 Using China Bird Report (2003–2007) as data source in combination with descriptions about bird habitats, we built up the China Bird Watching Database. We also developed spherical GIS software “Global Analyst” to create the point-based database which contains accurate spatial-temporal information. The China Bird Watching Database can reflect the achievement of Chinese bird watchers and complement the basic knowledge of bird distribution. Now a total of 30936 records from 17 Orders, 70 Families and 1078 Species of 5 years are included in the database, representing over 80% of all bird species in China. Till 2007, the geographic coverage has encompassed all provincial level administrative districts in China, with the exception of Hong Kong and Taiwan. The China Bird Watching Database also recorded a group of species which are additions at national and provincial levels, includ- ing 14 species which are additions to the national checklist and 109 species which appeared outside their original distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • What China Will Want: the Future Intentions of a Rising Power Author(S): Jeffrey W
    What China Will Want: The Future Intentions of a Rising Power Author(s): Jeffrey W. Legro Source: Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Sep., 2007), pp. 515-534 Published by: American Political Science Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20446501 . Accessed: 16/05/2011 13:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=apsa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Political Science Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Perspectives on Politics. http://www.jstor.org Articies What China Will Want: The Future Intentions of a Rising Power JeffreyW Legro China's nationalpower isgrowing rapidly, but what China will do with itsnewfound capabilities remains an issueof contentious debateamong scholarsand policymakers.At theheart of theproblem is thedifficulty of diviningfuture intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Mission Statement in China
    United Nations Development Programme at work in China Annual Report 2007/2008 Contents 1 Message from the UNDP Resident Representative 2 Introduction 2 Support to the United Nations System 4 Achieving the MDGs and Reducing Human Poverty 14 Environment and Energy for Sustainable Human Development 21 Responding to HIV/AIDS and other Communicable Diseases 24 Forging Strategic Partnerships for Development Results 27 Resources Message from the UNDP Resident Representative The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) launched its new Country Programme for China in 2006 in tandem with the Government of China’s 11th Five-Year Development Programme (2006-2010). The UNDP Country Programme for China (2006-2010) has three main areas of focus: (i) achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and reducing human poverty, (ii) managing energy and environment for sustainable development, and (iii) responding to HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases. I am very pleased to report that UNDP continues to make substantial progress in achieving development results in China. This report presents and summarizes the key Annual Report 2007/2008 development achievements that UNDP partnered to in 2006-2007 in China. Helping China achieve its Xiaokang vision and the MDGs is the main focus of UNDP’s work in China. We believe that UNDP’s global knowledge, expertise and core development inputs add good values to China’s own development vision, through helping China: develop national capacities, enhance national ownership, advocate and foster an enabling environment,
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Progress Report of the Trilateral Cooperation Among the People's
    2007 Progress Report of the Trilateral Cooperation among the People’s Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (Third Draft as of 16 November) Adopted by the Three-Party Committee On 20 November 2007 in Singapore, Singapore Pursuant to the Joint Declaration on the Promotion of Tripartite Cooperation among the People’s Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea adopted at the Fifth Summit Meeting among the People’s Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea in 2003, the Three-Party Committee headed by the three foreign ministers is expected to submit a progress report on trilateral cooperation at the annual summit meeting. The Three-Party Committee submitted the first progress report at the sixth summit meeting in November 2004 and the second progress report at the seventh summit meeting in January 2007. This is the third report, compiled by the Three-Party Committee with the support of relevant ministries, covering the progress made in various areas since the seventh summit meeting early this year. Ｉ 1. Trilateral Meeting of the Foreign Ministers The Trilateral Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of China, Japan and Korea was held in June, 2007 in Jeju, Korea. It was the first trilateral Foreign Ministers' meeting held independently from other multilateral occasions, and the three countries agreed to have the meeting on a regular basis. The three foreign ministers exchanged views on a wide range of issues including ways to further expand substantial trilateral cooperation among the three countries, the 1 Six Party Talks and situations in Northeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Belonging and Ethnicity In
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Belonging and Ethnicity in China’s West: Urbanizing Minorities in Xining City on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Geography by Andrew Nicholas Grant 2016 © Copyright by Andrew Nicholas Grant 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Belonging and Ethnicity in China’s West: Urbanizing Minorities in Xining City on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau by Andrew Nicholas Grant Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor John A. Agnew, Chair China’s twenty-first century economic rise has had a powerful impact on the lives of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities living in its Western Region, the administrative region composed of China’s Inner Asian border provinces. Urbanization in this region is reshaping the lives and livelihoods of erstwhile farmers and pastoralists moving to urban environments. The state hopes to decrease ethnic tension through economic development and the enrollment of all frontier peoples into the national consumer economy. In light of this situation, this dissertation asks: are Tibetans’ lives and livelihoods changing for better or for worse? Focusing on one exemplary city in this region, I argue that despite increased material prosperity, ethnic differences have been exacerbated as perceptions about unequal access to work and ethnic discrimination have proliferated. Urbanization has led to great changes in the economy, the built environment, and communications technology that influence how Tibetans come to belong in the city. ii This dissertation uses two approaches to investigate what is behind these changes. First, I use discourse analysis of Chinese public intellectuals and policy changes to show how the Chinese state conceives of the Western Region as a state development project.
    [Show full text]