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Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing, Final Report

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Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing, Final Report The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Determinants of Citizen and Police Involvement in Community Policing, Final Report Author(s): Luis Garcia Ph.D. ; Joann Gu Ph.D. ; April Pattavina Ph.D. ; Glenn Pierce Ph.D. Document No.: 199367 Date Received: April 2003 Award Number: 96-IJ-CX-0011 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. FINAL RXPORT 011 DETERMINANTSOF (IITIZEN AND POLICE INVOLVEMENT IN COlMMUNITY POLICING submitted to: The City of Boston Police Department and The National Institute of Justice U.S. Department of Justice (#96-IJ-CX-0011) blY Luis Garcia, Ph.D. Suffolk University (Principal Investigator) Joann Giu, Ph.D. Boston Police Department April Pattavina, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts (Lowell) Glenn Pia-ce, Ph.D. Northeastern University (Co-Principal Investigator) Januarjr 2002 “P ERTY OF This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Abstract The primary goal of the research was to dletermine the effects of distinct factors on citizen and police officer involvement in community policing within the City of Boston. The research is based on extensive surveys of 3,046 Boston residents and 1,383 police officers, Boston police data on calls for service and arrests, and various local and federal government institutional data on such aspects as land-use, residential mobility, neighborhood poverty level, single-parent families, and the extent of community-based organizations and recreational/educational facilities. The results indicate that specific factors are significant in determining the extent to which these two groups engage or take an active role in community policing practices. The most consistent indicators of residents’ involvement relate to issues of neighborhood attachment and positive attitudes toward the police, with some notable racial distinctions. Police officer involvement is most affected by knowledge of colmmunity policing, supervisor abilities, and rank. The data also provide an empirical assessment on the extent and nature of community policing in Boston several years after the police department had transformed its operations to a community policing philosophy, and during an unprecedented period of crime reduction within the city for which its community policing philosophy received national acclaim. Such information can be used to better understand the relevant factors that are most important to the viability and stipulated goals of community policing. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS .. Abstract ............................. 11 ... Table of Contents ......................... 111 List of Exhibits .......................... v Introduction ........................... 1 Resident Involvement in Community Policing ............. 3 Police Involvement in Community Policing .............. 6 Community Policing in the City of Boston ............... 13 Methodology ........................... 17 Data Sources.......................... 17 Resident Sample Characteristics ................. 18 Police Officer Sample Characteristics ............... 20 Boston Police Calls for Service and Arrest Data ........... 22 Research Variables ....................... 26 Dependent Variables ..................... 26 Resident Component .................... 26 Police Officer Component .................. 28 Independent Variables ..................... 35 Resident Component .................... 35 Individual-Level Variables ................. 36 Extent of Neighborhood Investment ............ 36 Extent of Neighborhood Familiarity ............ 37 Confidence in the Police ................ 37 Victimization Experiences................ 39 Extent of Fear of Crime ................. 39 Perceived Level ofNeighborhood Social Disorder ....... 40 Control Variables .................... 40 Community-Level Variables ................ 41 Consensus of Community Problems ............ 41 a Community Assets ... .............. 42 Social Disorganization ................. 43 ... 111 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Density of Offenders.................. 44 Density of Offenses ..................46 Land Use ...................... 48 Police Officer Component .................. 49 Police Demographic and Service: Factors............ 49 Social and Psychological Factors .............. 49 Department Operational Issues ............... 5 Data Analysis and Results ...................... 51 Resident Component ....................... 51 Residents’ Knowledge of Community Policing ............ 53 Residents’ Interest in Community Policing ............. 57 Residents’ Involvement in Community Policing ........... 61 Police Officer Component ..................... 70 Police Officers’ Knowledge of Community Policing .......... 71 Police Officers’ Acceptance and Commitment to Community Policing ... 86 Police Officer Involvement in Commundty Policing ......... 109 Conclusions ......................... 119 Determinants of Citizen Involvement in Community Policing ....... 119 Determinants of Police Officer Involvement in Community Policing .... 125 Discussion ......................... 128 References ......................... 134 Appendices A . The 1997 Boston Public Safety Survey with Response Percentages and Marginal Frequencies B . Listing of Community Assets C . The 1997 Boston Police Offer Survey with Response Percentages and Marginal Frequencies iv This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. a LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit Page 1. The Sample Statistics for the 1997 Boston Public Safety Survey by Police District ..................... 19 2. The Comparative Percentage of Sworn Personnel Within the Boston Police Department and Among Survey Respondents by Rank. ....... 20 3. The Comparative Percentage of Sworn Personnel Within the Boston Police Department and Among Survey Respondlents by Years of Service. ... 20 4. District Assignments of Respondents and Police Officers in the Department (1 997) .................. 2 1 5. The Proportion of Residents Indicating Appropriate Involvement in Community Policing by Neighborhood Area .......... 25 6. The Proportion of Police Officers Indicating Appropriate Involvement in Community Policing by .Assignment Area ...... 33 7. The Individual- and Community-level Independent Variables 0 Used in the Analysis .................... 3 1 8. Bivariate Correlates of Individual and Conimunity Influences on Bostonians’ Knowledge, Interest, and Involvement in Community Policing 5 1 9. Logistic Regression Results Predicting Residents’ Knowledge of Community Policing .................... 54 10. OLS Regression Estimates Predicting Resildents’ Interest in Community Policing .................... 58 11. Logistic Regression Results Predicting Residents’ Involvement in Community Policing by Individual- and Community-Level Indicators Controlling for Area Arrest Rates [i.e., Density of Offenders] ........... 63 12. Logistic Regression Results Predicting Residents’ Involvement in Community Policing by Individual- and Community-Level Indicators Controlling for General Race ....................... 65 13. Logistic Regression Results Predicting Residents’ Involvement in Community Policing by Individual- and Community-Level Indicators Controlling for General Race and Area Arrest Rates @e., Density of Offenders) .... 67 V This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Lkt of Exhibits continued: a 14. The Police Officer Knowledge Model Anailysis Plan ......... 72 15. Chi-square Results for Officers’ Knowledge of Community Policing by Police Demographic and Service Variables ........... 73 16. Logistic Regression Results For Impact of Police Demographic and Service Factors on Officers’ Knowledge of Community Policing .... 74 17. Chi-square Test Results for Officers’ Knowledge of Community Policing by Police Social andPsychological Factors. ........ 76 18. Logistic Regression Results for Impact of Police Social and Psychological Factors on Officers’
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