2016 Attacks Usually on Innocent People Around the World and USA Note We Have Stifled and Prevented Many Here Through Our Security
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Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Summary of Information on Jihadist Websites the Second Half of May 2016
ICT Jihadi Monitoring Group PERIODIC REVIEW Bimonthly Report Summary of Information on Jihadist Websites The Second Half of May 2016 International Institute for Counter Terrorism (ICT) Additional resources are available on the ICT Website: www.ict.org.il This report summarizes notable events discussed on jihadist Web forums during the second half of May 2016. Following are the main points covered in the report: The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan announces the death of its leader, Mullah Akhtar Mansour, as a result of a US drone strike, and the appointment of the organization’s new leader, Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada. As a result of the announcement, members of the Emirate and some Al-Qaeda branches give eulogies in Akhtar Mansour’s memory. Meanwhile, members of the Taliban in Afghanistan swear allegiance to the new leader of the Emirate. Abu Muhammad al-‘Adnani, the spokesman for the Islamic State, calls on supporters of the organization to help it carry out terrorist attacks on western soil using any means and provides permission for the killing of all civilians in the west. In addition, al-‘Adnani accuses rebel factions in Syria, including Al-Nusra Front, of joining the infidel forces and collaborating with the US and coalition forces. Abu Abdullah al-Shami, a member of Al-Nusra Front’s Shura Council, accuses the US of foiling the Syrian revolution and supporting the Alawite regime. According to him, this trend only serves to encourage the organization’s fighters to keep fighting. In addition, al-Shami calls on all jihad factions in Syria to continue jihad until they achieve their goals. -
Syria-Rising-Child-Abandonment
Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause www.stj-sy.org Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause 43 infants were reportedly found abandoned between the beginning of 2019’s second half and the end of the 2020’s first half Page | 2 Syria: Rising Child Abandonment, Poverty is the Leading Cause www.stj-sy.org Executive summary Child abandonment has risen in several areas of the province of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, which are controlled by armed opposition groups. From the beginning of the second half of 2019 until 20 July 2020, STJ field researchers documented 43 child abandonment cases.1 The children, who were mostly newborns, were found dumped on street sides or near mosques or hospitals or in garbage dumps. Child abandonment became one of the phenomena that those areas are beset with. Never a month or two passes without a report of two or three cases of this kind. Worse still, the death of some of those children as a result of being found late or owing to extreme weather conditions. Poverty is the main reason which leads many Syrians to abandon their children, especially those in displacement camps, for not being able to meet expenses of supporting them. Marriage of minors is another reason for the spread of this phenomenon (STJ is preparing a detailed report on this issue). In Idlib, which is mainly controlled by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), most of the abandoned children were fostered by families from the city, since adoption is abandoned in Islam. Accordingly, it is not allowed to register those children on the names of the families fostered them, in the civil records of Idlib, which adhere to the Islamic law. -
2015 3 2-10 Approved
Syria Situation Report: March 9-17, 2015 1 March 11-12: A majority of JN forces reportedly withdrew from the Beit Sahem neighborhood 5 March 17: Syrian regime forces claimed to have downed a “hostile” drone in of southern Damascus under an agreement with local rebel forces. e withdrawal follows a northern Latakia Province. U.S. ocials conrmed the loss of an unarmed U.S. statement issued by a local council in southern Damascus that denounced JN forces in the area as a predator drone, but did not immediately conrm the cause of the crash. “gang” and called on JN leader Abu Mohammed al-Joulani to renounce this JN faction for “oending” the name of JN. 6 March 14: ISIS Qamishli destroyed several parts of the Qarah Qawqaz 2 March 15: JN and rebel forces seized the area of Ayn al-Arab Ras al-Ayn bridge near the former Zarqa near Quraytayn in the Eastern Qalamoun 6 region from ISIS-aliated elements following heavy 9 tomb of Sulayman Shah and clashes. Meanwhile, JN issued a statement retreated to the western bank of clarifying that it is concerned with Hezbollah in the Euphrates River following Aleppo Hasakah Lebanon, rather than the Lebanese 10 clashes with the YPG-led Euphrates Idlib Sara Armed Forces (LAF) specically. JN Volcano Operations Room reportedly did not, however, rule out ghting 5 ar-Raqqa supported by anti-ISIS coalition airstrikes. the LAF if confronted. is follows 3 an interview by local JN leader in Latakia Qalamoun Abu Melik al-Shami 4 7 March 9: According to activists, Iran with a Lebanese news outlet in which Hama delivered ten Sukhoi Su-22 ghter jets to al-Shami conrmed JN intent to Deir ez-Zour Syria. -
I. Armed Opposition Groups Backstop Excavations in Kafriya and Al-Fu'ah
Excavations in Kafriya and al-Fu'ah following Rebels’ www.stj-sy.com Control Excavations in Kafriya and al-Fu'ah Following Rebels’ Control Rebels Factions Allowed Archaeological Digs during August 2018 Page | 2 Excavations in Kafriya and al-Fu'ah following Rebels’ www.stj-sy.com Control More than 500 pot-hunters were given the green light for conducting excavations in Kafriya and al-Fu'ah villages, Idlib countryside, during August 2018, after being taken over by armed opposition and jihadist groups, including Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham-HTS1, Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya Movement2, and Suqour al-Sham Brigade3, under an agreement4 concluded with the Regime and its allies on July 18, 2018. HTS conditioned to get half of the findings’ sale price, however, many eyewitnesses reported that no worthy archaeological objects were found during the hunting operations and that the searchers were shocked to see that some sites had already been dug and emptied from objects, most likely by Kafriya and al-Fu'ah locals before being displaced to Regime-held areas, according to witnesses and pot-hunters. Secret random excavations have spread widely in Idlib province recently, despite the numerous attempts by the Department of Antiquities to stop them and to limit such operations to the relevant authorities to protect the artifacts left, according to STJ's field researcher. 1 On January 28, 2017, several jihadist factions in northern Syria announced the merger under the name Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham-HTS: Jabhat Fateh al-Sham- formerly al-Nusra Front, Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, Liwaa al- Haqq, Ansar al-Din Front, Jaish al-Sunnah and Ansar al-Sham al-Islamiyya Movement. -
Recommendations to the U.S. Government Key Findings
SYRIA TIER 1 | USCIRF-RECOMMENDED COUNTRIES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) KEY FINDINGS In 2017, religious freedom conditions, as well as human rights, vary in levels of restriction of religious freedom. In northeastern remained dire in Syria. For most of the year, the Islamic State Syria, Christians living in the Kurdish-held Autonomous Adminis- of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) continued to carry out mass exe- tration complained of increased interference in private Christian cutions, attack civilian populations, and kidnap religious schools and confiscation of property. Armed Islamist opposition minorities. By year’s end, the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS groups in northern Syria, including the al-Qaeda affiliated Hay’at largely had defeated the group in Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor. The Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), attacked Shi’a pilgrims and harassed those Syrian government continued to target and depopulate Sunni opposed to their strict Islamic rules. Due to the collective actions Muslim-dominated areas. The year also saw a massive spike of the Assad regime, elements of the armed opposition, and in the involvement of the Syrian Local Defense Forces (LDF)— U.S.-designated terrorist groups, USCIRF again finds in 2018 that militias backed and funded by Iran and integrated into the Syrian Syria merits designation as a “country of particular concern,” or Armed Forces—in sectarian violence targeting Sunni Muslims. CPC, under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA), as Allies of the Syrian regime, including foreign Shi’a fighters it has found since 2014. USCIRF also finds that, based on condi- recruited by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corp (IRGC) from tions in 2017, ISIS merits designation as an “entity of particular Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Lebanon, also carried out sec- concern” (EPC) for religious freedom violations under December tarian attacks. -
Isis: the Political History of the Messianic Violent Non-State Actor in Syria
2016 T.C. YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DISSERTATION ISIS: THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MESSIANIC VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTOR IN SYRIA PhD Dissertation Ufuk Ulutaş Ufuk Ulutaş PhD INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ankara, 2016 ISIS: THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE MESSIANIC VIOLENT NON-STATE ACTOR IN SYRIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY BY UFUK ULUTAŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILISOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AUGUST 2016 2 Approval of the Institute of Social Sciences Yrd.Doç. SeyfullahYıldırım Manager of Institute I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr.Birol Akgün Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Birol Akgün Prof. Muhittin Ataman Supervisor Co-Supervisor Examining CommitteeMembers Prof. Dr. Birol Akgün YBÜ, IR Prof. Dr. Muhittin Ataman YBÜ, IR Doç Dr. Mehmet Şahin Gazi, IR Prof. Dr. Erdal Karagöl YBÜ, Econ Dr. Nihat Ali Özcan TOBB, IR 3 I hereby declare that all information in this thesis has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work; otherwise I accept all legal responsibility. Ufuk Ulutaş i To my mom, ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There is a long list of people to thank who offered their invaluable assistance and insights on ISIS. -
EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 2018 Global Coalition to Protect CONTENTS GCPEA Abbreviations
Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack GCPEA **Embargoed until May 10, 2018, 1pm EST** EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 2018 Global Coalition to Protect CONTENTS GCPEA Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................2 Education from Attack Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................4 This study is published by the Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack (GCPEA), which was formed in Methodology ................................................................................................................................16 2010 by organizations working in the fields of education in emergencies and conflict-affected contexts, higher education, protection, and international human rights and humanitarian law that were concerned about ongoing Global Overview ...........................................................................................................................24 attacks on educational institutions, their students, and staff in countries affected by conflict and insecurity. Recommendations .......................................................................................................................64 GCPEA is a coalition of organizations that includes: co-chairs Human Rights Watch and Save the Children, the Country Profiles ............................................................................................................................74 -
QRCS Launches Emergency Response to Floods in Northern Syria
##Press Release## QRCS launches emergency response to floods in northern Syria December 31st, 2018 ― Doha: Qatar Red Crescent Society (QRCS) has responded to the heavy rain and subsequent floods in northern Syria, which affected thousands of internally displaced people (IDPs) in 22 camps across five towns of Idlib and Aleppo Governorates. The bad weather damaged 2,214 tents inhabited by 2,329 households in Atme, Sarmada, Deir Hassan, Al-Dana, and Al-Bab. In response, QRCS's representation mission in Gaziantep, Turkey, activated its disaster information center to manage the emergency response. It coordinates with United Nations agencies, as well as local and international relief providers, to monitor the movement of IDPs, evacuate the submerged camps, and secure transportation and shelter. So far, they have distributed 3,190 blankets to the IDPs in Idlib countryside, set up 200 tents at Atme IDP camps, deployed three mobile clinics to the IDP destinations, and participated in the UN cluster coordination meetings. Based on the needs assessment on the ground, a plan was developed to provide $750,000 worth of medical and relief aid for 6,100 households (30,500 persons, basically children) in Aleppo, Idlib, and Hama Governorates. The plan will cover food and nonfood items, water and sanitation, makeshift shelters, first aid supplies, mobile clinics, and medical equipment. These provisions are aimed at alleviating the suffering of IDPs, reduce the morbidity and mortality rates, meet the basic needs of IDPs, address the shortages in medical supplies at camp clinics, and help the municipalities and health authorities to contain the situation. Among the items to be distributed are mattresses, blankets, medicines, surgical consumables, and drinking water. -
SITE Intelligence Weekly Report HTS E S I S RI
SITE Intel Group – HTS News in SyriaSeptember – September 12-18, 12-18, 2018 2018 SITE Intelligence Weekly Report HTS NEWS IN SYRIA DONATION CAMPAIGN: SAMKEH, IDLIB: HTS Raises Money Operation Against IS for “Mujahideen” ELITE FORCES: Fighters Graduate in Idlib siteintelroupom1 SITE Intel Group – HTS News in Syria – September 12-18, 2018 Table of Contents HIGHLIGHTS: September 12-18, 2018 3 FEATURED ARTICLE 3 HTS Donation Campaign 3 HTS OPERATIONS 4 HTS Operations Against IS 4 Idlib 4 HTS MEDIA 5 Graduation of HTS Fighters 5 HTS-FNL Agreement 5 HTS Command Meeting 6 Maintaining Positions 6 Aleppo 6 Idlib 6 Demonstrations 7 Airstrikes 8 The following materials are for information purposes only and may not be copied, reproduced, or transmitted without the explicit permission of SITE Intelligence Group and specific attribution to SITE Intelligence Group. 2 SITE Intel Group – HTS News in Syria – September 12-18, 2018 HIGHLIGHTS: SEPTEMBER 12-18, 2018 FEATURED ARTICLE: HTS donation campaign in Idlib. HTS OPERATIONS: An operation against IS in eastern Idlib, four hostages freed. HTS MEDIA: Graduation of fighters in Idlib; HTS-FLN agreement; Command meeting; Maintenance of positions in Aleppo and Idlib; Friday protests in Idlib area. FEATURED ARTICLE HTS DONATION CAMPAIGN The past month, videos and reports of a “popular campaign to support the al-Murabatayn” dominated HTS Media. These have included local citizens participating in the fortification of HTS “military” points and Friday “mass demonstrations.” The reports present HTS and its “Salvation Government” as being supported by the local population. This week HTS continued the trend with similar reports including a donation campaign. -
Salvation Government Ask to Mover Displaced from Schools.Pdf
Salvation Government Ask to Move Displaced to Kafriya and al-Fu'ah About Syrians for Truth and Justice Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) is an independent, non-governmental and non-profit organization whose members include Syrian human rights defenders, advocates and academics of different backgrounds and nationalities. It also includes members of other nationalities. The initiative strives for SYRIA, where all Syrian citizens (males and females) have dignity, equality, justice and equal human rights. 1 Salvation Government Ask to Move Displaced to Kafriya and al-Fu'ah Salvation Government Ask to Move Displaced Residing in Idlib Schools to Kafriya and al-Fu'ah Residents of Kafriya and al-Fu'ah Evacuated Under Agreement between Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and Iran 2 Salvation Government Ask to Move Displaced to Kafriya and al-Fu'ah The Salvation Government1 operating in Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS2)-controlled areas in Idlib city demanded to move the internally displaced people- who came from different parts of Syria and resided in scattered schools throughout Idlib province- to towns of Kafriya and al-Fu'ah, which were evacuated recently from all their residents, being civilians or militaries, under an agreement3 reached between HTS and Iran on July 16, 2018. An official statement released by the Salvation Government on August 7, 2018, attributed the reason to ask to get out the displaced was the desperate need of the Ministry of Education to activate schools and prepare them to intake the increase number of the students. However, local activists said these procedures to be a proactive steps to prevent other military factions from seizing all the houses in both towns, since some factions actually started to house their fighters in the towns. -
Hezbollah Locations SY
Map Analysis Map of Hezbollah Presence in Syria ABDULWAHAB ASI senior researcher at Jusoor for Studies center Majd Kilany research assistant at Jusoor for Studies center "All rights reserved" Jusoor for Studies Center - 2020 www.jusoor.co Contents Introduction First: Hezbollah’s Distribution in Syria Second: The spread of Hezbollah at the provincial level 1. Aleppo 2. Idlib 3. Hama 4. Homs 5. Damascus and Damascus Countryside 6. Deraa 7. Quintera 8. As-Suwayda 9. Deir Ezzor Introduction Since 2011, the Lebanese Hezbollah started its intervention in Syria, providing advisory services to the regime forces and security apparatus. Hezbollah then began its unofficial military support on the ground for the regime. In April 2013, it launched a large-scale official military intervention during the battle for al-Qusayr near Homs. During the Syrian conflict, Hezbollah strengthened its military presence in the nine Syrian governorates by relying on its direct presence in areas and establishing local networks loyal to it. This study presents the distribution of Hezbollah forces in Syria and their locations with the aim of analyzing the reasons for this distribution and timeframe of events. Determining Hezbullah’s sites of concentration highlights its most important supply routes for weapons to Lebanon as well as the main Hezbollah training, armament and storage facilities in Syria. The report clarifies the strategic objectives Hezbollah has achieved from its intervention in Syria and explains its various military, security, cultural and economic activities. Jusoor Center for Studies’ map of Hezbollah’s military deployment in Syria is the first comprehensive map developed. While other maps of Hezbollah’s positions exist, none are as comprehensive or accurate.