Bureau of Justice Statistics Annual Report Fiscal 1988
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u.s. Department of Justice Otlice of Justice Program~ Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics Annual Report Fiscal 1988 Trends In State and local spending: Police and corrections vs. other major go·"ernment activities u.s. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics Annual Report Fiscal 1988 April 1989 NCJ-US749 115749 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of JUstice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National InstiMe of Justice. Permission to reproduce this cop)IJi~ material has been granted by Pub11C Domain/OJP/BJS u.s. Department of Justlce to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis sion of the't.~ owner. u.s. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics Joseph M. Bessette Acting Director Acknowledgments. This report describes the activities of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) during fiscal 1988 and presents the most current data available from the BJS statistlcal and analyt Ical programs. These programs are under the direction of Joseph M. Bessette, Actlng Director; Benjamin H. Ranshaw Ill, Deputy Director for Management and Intergovernmental Affairs; Charles R. Klndermann, Associate Director for National Statistical Programs; and S.S. Ashton, Jr., Assistant Director for State Statistical Pro grams. The report Was assembled by Sue A. Lindgren. Report production was administered by Marllyn Marbrook and Marianne Zawltz, assisted by Jeanne Harris and Yvonne Shields. The Justice Assistance Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C., 378ge). as amended. requires that "Not later than April 1 of each year ... the Director of the Bu reau of Justice Statistics .•. shall ••• submit a report to the President and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate, on [the Bureau's] activities under this title during the fiscal year next preceding such date: The Attorney General has determined that the publication of this periodical Is necessary In the transaction of the public business reqUired by law of the Department of Justice. The Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs, coordinates the activities of the follow Ing program offices and bureaus: the Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Hi Bureau of Justice Statistics u.s. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics Office of the Director WashillglOlI. D. C. 20531 The President of the United States The Speaker of the House of Representatives The President of the Senate I am pleased to report on the activities of the Bureau of Justice Statistics during fiscal 1988 as required by 42 USC 378ge. This report summarizes BJS programs and activities and presents the latest statistical information on a variety of criminal justice topics. It also describes efforts by BJS to improve the quality and coverage of data on crime, victims of crime, and the criminal justice system. Its final section describes the activities of individual State statistical agencies that have been supported by BJS and that serve functions for States similar to those served by BJS at the national level. I hope the report will be of interest and use to you and your staff. Respectfully submitted, ~~. Joseph M. Bessette Acting Director 1988 Annual Report iii Contents 1 Transmittal letter iii The public response to crime 40 Reporting crime 41 Introduction 1 Fear of crime 41 l Public confidence in the criminal BJS data collection and analysis justice system 42 BJS publications 2 Public opinion on crime and punishment 43 BJS clearinghouses and report distribution 4 Adjudication and ,sentencing 45 Felony courts 47 BJS reports on ••• 7 Civil and criminal cases filed and disposed 48 Prosecution of felony offenders 49 Crime and its characteristics 7 Indigent defense 50 Crime trends 10 Federal pretrial release and detention 50 The volume and rate of crime 12 Sentencing practices 51 Violent crime 13 Sentencing felony offenders 53 Victims of crime 14 Prosecution and sentencing Elderly victims 15 of white-collar offenders 55 International crime rates 16 Seasonality of crime 16 Corrections 56 Motor vehicle theft 18 Adult correctional populations 59 Prison and jail crowding 61 Drugs 20 Characteristics of prison and jail inmates 62 Drug use and criminal offenders 22 Characteristics of juveniles Trends in offender drug use 23 in long-term facilities 63 Arrests and seizures 24 Persons in jail for drunk driving 64 Prosecution and sentencing Corrections funding 65 of drug law violators 25 Time served in prison and on parole 66 Time served in prison by drug offenders 27 Capital punishment 67 Drug offenders in correctional populations 28 Drug offender profiles 29 Federal justice data 69 Public opinion about drugs 30 Drug use in the general population 33 Privacy, security, and confidentiality of criminal justice data and criminal The cost of crime 35 histories 70 Economic cost of crime to victims 36 Cost of the justice system 36 Trends in justice system spending 38 iv Bureau of Justice Statistics New Initiatives 73 Mississippi 118 Missouri 118 National Crime Survey (NCS) Montana 119 supplements 74 Nebraska 121 Law Enforcement Management and New Hampshire 122 Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) 75 New Jersey 123 Adjudication Statistics Program 76 New Mexico 125 Federal civil justice data 77 New York 127 Comparative intemational North Carolina 130 statistics on crime and justice 78 North Dakota 132 Statistical outreach 79 Ohio 133 Oklahoma 136 State statistical program 83 Oregon 136 Pennsylvania 139 State statistical analysis center Rhode Island 140 (SAC) narratives 91 South Carolina 142 South Dakota 143 Alabama 92 Texas 145 Alaska 92 Utah 146 Arizona 93 Vermont 148 Arkansas 94 Virginia 148 California 95 Washington 150 Colorado 96 Wisconsin 151 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) 98 Appendixes Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 99 Connecticut 100 A Names and addresses of State Delaware 100 Statistical Analysis Centers (SAC's) District of Columbia 101 providing narratives for this report 153 Florida 102 Hawaii 103 B Reports issued by BJS during Idaho 105 fiscal 1988 159 Illinois 106 Indiana 110 C Source notes 163 Iowa 112 Kansas 112 Kentucky 113 Maine 113 Maryland 114 Massachusetts 114 Michigan 115 Minnesota 116 1988 Annual Report v -- Contents Figures Tables Victimization trends, 1973·87 10 1 Functions of State statistical analysis centers (SAC's), calendar 1988 84 Households touched by selected crimes of violence and theft, 1975·87 11 2 Number of States producing data on issues of policy concern, calendar 1987 Violent crime rates, 1973·85 13 and 1988 86 Violent crime victimization rates, 3 Issues for which State statistical analysis 1973·84 17 centers (SAC's) produced data or conducted research, calendar 1988 88 Completed and attempted motor vehiCle thefts per 1,000 households, 1973·85 18 Trends in State and local spending: Police and corrections 'Is. other major government activities 38 Typical outcome of 100 felony arrests brought by the police for prosecution in 11 jurisdictions, 1986 53 Typical outcome of 100 felony arrests that result in indictment, 1986 (24 jurisdictions) 53 Number of sentenced State and Federal prisoners, yearend 1925·87 60 Number of sentenced State and Federal prisoners per 100,000 U.S. population, yearend 1925·87 60 vi Bureau of Justice Statistics Introduction In 1967, The President's Commission on ment Act established the Bureau of Justice Law Enforcement and Administration of Statistics (BJS) as an agency within the Justice (the Katzenbach Commission) Department of Justice with specific statu devoted a chapter to criminal justice tory responsibilities to- statistics. That chapter, entitled "Criminal • collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate statistics-An urgently needed resource," statistics on crime, victims of crime, crimi began with the following comments: nal offenders, and operations of justice sys tems at all levels of government "Over 30 years ago a distinguished Com • provide financial and technical support to mission appointed by the President of the State statistical and operating agencies United States to study crime and propose • analyze national information policy on measures for its control reported serious such issues as the privacy, confidentiality, deficiencies in essential information at the and security of criminal justice data and the national level. Calling 'accurate data ... interstate exchange of criminal records the beginning of wisdom,' the Wickersham • provide basic information on crime and Commission recommended development of justice to the President, the Congress, the a 'comprehensive plan' for a 'complete body judiciary, State a;ld local governments, the of statistics covering crime, criminals, public, and the media. criminal justice, and penal treatment' at the Federal, State, and local levels and the The Bureau of Justice Statistics was reau entrusting of this plan at the Federal level thorized with additional responsibilities by to a single agency. the Justice Assistance Act of 1984 and the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. "Had this recommendation been adopted, the present Commission would not have