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SEXUAL CONFLICT in ARACHNIDS Ph.D
MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY SEXUAL CONFLICT IN ARACHNIDS Ph.D. Dissertation Lenka Sentenská Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. Brno 2017 Bibliographic Entry Author Mgr. Lenka Sentenská Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Thesis: Sexual conflict in arachnids Degree programme: Biology Field of Study: Ecology Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2016/2017 Number of Pages: 199 Keywords: Sexual selection; Spiders; Scorpions; Sexual cannibalism; Mating plugs; Genital morphology; Courtship Bibliografický záznam Autor: Mgr. Lenka Sentenská Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Konflikt mezi pohlavími u pavoukovců Studijní program: Biologie Studijní obor: Ekologie Vedoucí práce: prof. Mgr. Stanislav Pekár, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2016/2017 Počet stran: 199 Klíčová slova: Pohlavní výběr; Pavouci; Štíři; Sexuální kanibalismus; Pohlavní zátky; Morfologie genitálií; Námluvy ABSTRACT Sexual conflict is pervasive in all sexually reproducing taxa and is especially intense in carnivorous species, because the interaction between males and females encompasses the danger of getting killed instead of mated. Carnivorous arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions, are notoriously known for their cannibalistic tendencies. Studies of the conflict between arachnid males and females focus mainly on spiders because of the frequent occurrence of sexual cannibalism and unique genital morphology of both sexes. The morphology, in combination with common polyandry, further promotes the sexual conflict in form of an intense sperm competition and male tactics to reduce or avoid it. Scorpion females usually mate only once per litter, but the conflict between sexes is also intense, as females can be very aggressive, and so males engage in complicated mating dances including various components considered to reduce female aggression and elicit her cooperation. -
Causes and Consequences of External Female Genital Mutilation
Causes and consequences of external female genital mutilation I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. Nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Greifswald Vorgelegt von Pierick Mouginot Greifswald, 14.12.2018 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Werner Weitschies 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gabriele Uhl 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Reinhardt Datum der Promotion: 13.03.2019 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. Aims of the presented work ................................................................................................ 14 2. References ................................................................................................................................... 16 3. Publications .................................................................................................................................. 22 3.1. Chapter 1: Securing paternity by mutilating female genitalia in spiders .......................... 23 3.2. Chapter 2: Evolution of external female genital mutilation: why do males harm their mates?.................................................................................................................................. -
Conservation Assessments for Five Forest Bat Species in the Eastern United States
United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Forest Service Assessments for Five General Technical Report NC-260 Technical Guide Forest Bat Species in the 2006 Eastern United States Front Cover: Illustrations by Fiona Reid, Ontario, Canada ©. Species from top: Pipistrellus subflavus, Myotis leibii, Myotis austroriparius, Myotis septentrionalis, Nycticeius humeralis. United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Forest Service Assessments for Five General Technical Report NC-260 Technical Guide Forest Bat Species in the 2006 Eastern United States Edited by Frank R. Thompson, III Thompson, Frank R., III, ed. 2006. Conservation assessments for five forest bat species in the Eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-260. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 82 p. Assesses the status, distribution, conservation, and management considerations for five Regional Forester Sensitive Species of forest bats on national forests in the Eastern United States: eastern pipistrelle, evening bat, southeastern myotis, eastern small-footed myotis, and northern long-eared bat. Includes information on the taxonomy, description, life history, habitat distribution, status, and population biology of each species. KEY WORDS: conservation status, habitat use, life history, Myotis austroriparius (southeastern myotis), Myotis leibii (eastern small-footed myotis), Myotis septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat), Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle), Nycticeius humeralis (evening bat), Region 9, USDA Forest Service Disclaimer The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. -
Biologie Studijní Obor: Ekologická a Evoluční Biologie
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Biologie Studijní obor: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Pavel Just Ekologie a epigamní chování slíďáků rodu Alopecosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) Ecology and courtship behaviour of the wolf spider genus Alopecosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) Bakalářská práce Školitel: Mgr. Petr Dolejš Konzultant: prof. RNDr. Jan Buchar, DrSc. Praha, 2012 Poděkování Rád bych touto cestou poděkoval svému školiteli, Mgr. Petru Dolejšovi, za odborné vedení, podnětné rady a poskytnutí obtížně dostupné literatury. Bez jeho pomoci by pro mě psaní bakalářské práce nebylo realizovatelné. Díky patří také mému konzultantovi, prof. RNDr. Janu Bucharovi, DrSc., který svými radami a bohatými zkušenostmi přispěl k lepší kvalitě této bakalářské práce. Nemohu opomenout ani svou rodinu a přítelkyni Kláru, kteří pro mě byli během práce s literaturou a psaní rešerše velkou oporou a projevovali nemalou dávku tolerance. Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou práci zpracoval samostatně a že jsem uvedl všechny použité informační zdroje a literaturu. Tato práce ani její podstatná část nebyla předložena k získání jiného nebo stejného akademického titulu. V Praze, 25.08.2012 Podpis 2 Obsah: Abstrakt 4 1. Úvod 5 1.1. Taxonomie rodu Alopecosa 6 2. Ekologie 8 2.1. Způsob života 8 2.2. Fenologie 10 2.3. Endemismus 11 3. Epigamní chování 12 3.1. Evoluce a role námluv 13 3.2. Mechanismy rozeznání opačného pohlaví 15 3.2.1. Morfologie samčích končetin 16 3.2.2. Akustické projevy 19 3.2.3. Olfaktorické signály 21 3.3. Epigamní projevy samců a samic 22 3.4. Pohlavní výběr 26 4. Reprodukční chování 29 4.1. Kopulace 29 4.2. -
Species Diversity of Bedbugs and Environmental Factors
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh SPECIES DIVERSITY OF BEDBUGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR SURVIVAL BY URIAH ARKO KARIKARI (10305904) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY. AFRICAN REGIONAL POSTRGRADUATE PROGRAME IN INSECT SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON JULY 2016 i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that except for references to other people’s works which have been duly cited, this work is the result of my original research and that, this thesis has not been presented for a degree elsewhere, either in whole or in part. ............................................................................... URIAH ARKO KARIKARI (STUDENT) 10305904 ............................................................................... DR. FRED ABOAGYE-ANTWI (SUPERVISOR) ............................................................................... DR. BETHEL KWANSA- BENTUM (SUPERVISOR) ………………………………………….. DR. ROSINA KYREMATEN (ARPPIS COORDINATOR) ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION To my dear mother Madam Faustina Hawa Yakubu. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been accomplished without the support and guidance of my supervisors, family and friends. My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors Dr. Fred Aboagye – Antwi and Dr. Bethel Kwansa-Bentum for their tutelage, useful suggestions and the encouragement they offered to me when I was faced with challenges throughout the study period. I also extend my sincere appreciation to my mother Madam Hawa Yakubu as well as Madam Elizabeth Opudji, Grace Asare and my family for their support, encouragement and prayers. My profound gratitude goes to all lecturers of African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS) who I approached at one point or the other for their academic guidance and support. -
Bed Bugs Fact Sheet
Entomology, 1991 Kenny Road, Columbus, OH 43210 Susan C. Jones, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Entomology Extension Specialist, Household & Structural Pests ed bugs are parasites that preferentially feed on humans. If Bpeople arenʼt available, they instead will feed on other warm- blooded animals, including birds, rodents, bats, and pets. Bed bugs have been documented as pests since the 17th century. They were introduced into our country by the early colonists. Bed bugs were common in the United States prior to World War II, after which time widespread use of synthetic insecticides such as DDT greatly reduced their numbers. Improvements in household and personal cleanliness as well as increased regula- tion of the used furniture market also likely contributed to their reduced pest status. In the past decade, bed bugs have begun making a comeback across the United States, although they are not considered to be a major pest. The widespread use of baits rather than insecticide sprays for ant and cockroach control is a factor that has been implicated in their return. Bed bugs are blood feeders that do not Mature Bed Bug feed on ant and cockroach baits. International travel and commerce are thought to facilitate the spread of these insect hitchhikers, because eggs, young, and adult bed bugs are readily transported Order: Family—Hemiptera: Cimicidae in luggage, clothing, bedding, and furniture. Bed bugs can infest airplanes, ships, trains, and buses. Bed bugs are most frequently found in dwellings with a high rate of occupant turnover, such Common name Scientific name as hotels, motels, hostels, dormitories, shelters, apartment com- plexes, tenements, and prisons. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 47–54
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 47–54 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic analysis of the winter geometrid genus Inurois reveals repeated reproductive season shifts q ⇑ Satoshi Yamamoto a, , Eugene A. Beljaev b, Teiji Sota c a Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan b Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia c Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan article info abstract Article history: Winter geometrid moths belonging to the genus Inurois comprise nine species that reproduce during Received 12 March 2015 early winter, three species that reproduce in late winter, and polymorphic species with genetically Revised 15 July 2015 diverged early and late winter populations that co-occur widely across the species’ range. In our previous Accepted 17 August 2015 studies, we demonstrated that differences in reproductive timing resulted in allochronic reproductive Available online 22 August 2015 isolation between sympatric populations. In the present study, to assess the evolutionary pattern of reproductive timing within the genus, we determined the phylogenetic relationships among species Keywords: using nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences. Nuclear gene tree showed that reproductive season Allochronic speciation shifts occurred independently in four of 13 divergence events. In two divergence events, allochronic sister Introgressive hybridization Parallel divergence lineages were formed in sympatry, suggesting that the segregation of the reproductive season was asso- Temporal isolation ciated with diversification in the genus Inurois. -
REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List
EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ ..................................................................................................................................... -
27Th ISCE, 2011 (Epoxytrienes Derived from (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-Tetraenes)
27th ISCE Annual Meeting Vancouver, Canada (July 25, 2011) Characterization of Epoxytrienes Derived from (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-Tetraenes, Sex Pheromone Components of Arctiid Moths and Related Compounds T. Ando, R. Yamakawa, and Y. Takubo O Graduate School of BASE, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Representative lepidopteran sex pheromones Sex pheromones have been identified from about 620 species. Male attractants have been reported for other 1200 species. Type I Silkworm moth Smaller tea tortix Rice stem borer Unsaturated fatty OH O H alcohols, acetates bombykol OAc O and aldehydes with H OA c a C10 –C18 chain Found most commonly (75%) Type II O O O Polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and epo3,Z6,Z9-19:H Z3,epo6,Z9-19:H Z3,Z6,epo9-18:H their epoxides with a C17 –C23 chain Identified from evolved-insect groups (15%) Milionia e basalis Giant geometrid moth Mulberry looper Phylogenetic tree of Lepidoptera Lichen moth Yellow peach moth Plum cankerworm moth Z3,Z6,Z9-21:H E10-16:Ald Z3,Z6,Z9-21:H Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H Noctuoidea Bombycoidea Papillionoidea Geometroidea Sesioidea Pyraloidea Hesperioidea Pterophoroidea Zygaenoidea Gelechioidea Tortricoidea Yponomeutoidea Cossoidea Castnioidea Tineoidea Hepialoidea Incurvarioidea Nepticuloidea Ditrysia Eriocranioidea Monotrysia Zeugloptera Dacnonypha Type I pheromone Type II pheromone Paramecoptera Speciation of the groups, which produce Type II pheromones Taxonomy Type of Japanese Super-family Family Sub-family pheromone species Geometroidea Uraniidae Geometridae Ennominae II, others 339 Geometrinae II 86 Sterrhinae I 109 Larentiinae II 346 Alsophilinae II 14 Noctuoidea Notodontidae I 124 Lymantriidae II, others 59 Nolidae II 107 Noctuidae I, II, others 1276 Pantheidae 13 Arctiidae Lithosiinae II, others 79 Syntominae II 4 Arctiinae II, others 51 BiosynthesisRepresentative of Typelepidopteran II sex pheromones sex pheromones Sex pheromonesOenocyte have been identified from about 620 species. -
Maternal Effects Modulate Sexual Conflict
1 Motherly love curbs harm: maternal effects modulate sexual conflict 2 Roberto García-Roa1†, Gonçalo S. Faria2†, Daniel Noble3 & Pau Carazo1* 3 4 1. Ethology lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of 5 Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 6 2. Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, 7 France. 8 3. Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National 9 University, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia. 10 † authors contributed equally to this manuscript. 11 * Corresponding author: Pau Carazo, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary 12 Biology, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna (Valencia), Spain. Telephone: +34 13 3544051, e-mail: [email protected]. 14 Running title: Maternal effects curb sexual conflict 15 Article Type: Letter 16 Word count: 150 (abstract) and 4375 (main text); Figures: 3; References: 54. 17 Keywords: Sexual conflict, sexual selection, maternal effects, population viability, 18 population growth, sexually antagonistic coevolution, evolution. 19 Statement of authorship: PC and RG-R conceived this study. GF, DN, RG-R & PC designed 20 the study. GF developed the mathematical models and Figure 1. DN PC & RG-R performed 21 the systematic literature search. DN explored the data for potential meta-analysis. PC prepared 22 Figures 2 and 3. PC wrote the manuscript with contributions by GF, RG-R and DN. 23 Data accessibility statement: Should the manuscript be accepted, the data supporting the 24 results presented will be deposited in a public repository and the data DOI will be included at 25 the end of the article. 26 Abstract 27 Strong sexual selection frequently favours males that increase their reproductive success by 28 harming females, with potentially negative consequences for population growth. -
Eastern Bat Bug (Cimex Adjunctus), and Swallow Bug (Oeciacus Vicarius)
Comparison of the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius), Eastern Bat Bug (Cimex adjunctus), and Swallow Bug (Oeciacus vicarius) A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada By James S. Armstrong © Copyright James S. Armstrong, July 2015. All rights reserved PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. i DISCLAIMER Reference in this thesis to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the University of Saskatchewan. -
Tandem Host-Parasite Dispersal Inferred from Similarities in Phylogeographical Patterns Among Little Penguins and Their ‘Terrestrial’ Ectoparasites
Received: 11 February 2019 | Revised: 26 July 2019 | Accepted: 1 August 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13714 RESEARCH PAPER Tandem host-parasite dispersal inferred from similarities in phylogeographical patterns among Little Penguins and their ‘terrestrial’ ectoparasites Katherine L. Moon1,2 | Steven L. Chown2 | Ceridwen I. Fraser1 1Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Abstract Canberra, ACT, Australia Aim: Organisms with poor intrinsic dispersal capacity, such as parasites, often rely en- 2 School of Biological Sciences, Monash tirely on transport with host species that have a greater dispersal capacity. Penguins, University, Clayton, VIC, Australia for example, are exploited by terrestrial ectoparasites when they come ashore to Correspondence breed. Recent research indicates that Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor and E. novaehol- Katherine L. Moon, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, landiae) hard ticks (Ixodes eudyptidis and I. kohlsi) may be capable of surviving short CA 95064, USA. periods (days) at sea with their hosts, but their capacity to survive longer voyages Email: [email protected] (weeks) is not known. We here aimed to assess whether phylogeographical patterns Funding information in Little Penguins and their ticks indicate that the terrestrial ectoparasites are able to Australian Government; Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation, Grant/ disperse long distances at sea with their swimming hosts. Award Number: SWR/4/2014; Centre for Location: Southern Australia and New Zealand. Biodiversity Analysis; Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Taxon: Ixodes eudyptidis and I. kohlsi ticks. Methods: We conducted a broad‐scale genomic assessment of Little Penguin ticks Handling Editor: K. C. Burns from across their hosts’ ranges in Australia and New Zealand.