5210 CDNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25, methods being used in Congress against reporting at once the Ithe erection of a suitable memorial at the National capital in Ste\ens bill, for repeal of duty 'On wood pulp-to the Committee recognition of the services of the enlisted men of the Army, on Ways and Means. Navy, and Marine Corps, which was referred to the Committee By Mr. WEEKS: Petition of citizens <>f Milford and North on the Library. Attleboro, Muss., for amendment to Sherman antitrust law, for He also presented petitions of Local Union No. 2, United the Pearre bill regulating injunctions, employers' liability bill, Hatters of North America, of Bethel, Conn.; of sundry union and national eight-hour law-to the Committee on the Judiciary. labor men of Charleston, W. Ya., and of sundry citizens of By Mr. WILSON <>f Pennsylvania: Petitions <>f Local Uni<>n .1. Tewark, N. J., praying for the adoption of certain amendments No. 287 of the International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths and to the so-called "Sherman antitrust law," relating to labor or· Horseshoers and others, of Galeton, Pa., for amendment to the ganizations, which were referred to the Committee on the Sherman antitrust law, for the Pearre bill regulating issuance Judiciary. of injunctions, employers' liability bill, and national eight-hour He also presented memorials of Local Union No. 247, Inter- bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. national Brotherhood of Stationary Firemen, of Li bon Falls, By Mr. WOOD: Petition of Excelsior Lodge, No. 11, Brother- 1\Ie.; of Local Lodge No. 23, International Brotherhood of Pulp, hood of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers, of Phillip burg, SuJphite, and Paper Mill Workers, of Berlin, N. H., and of A.di N. J., for pending bills having for their object the presenution ronduck Local Lodge, No. C5, International Brotherhood of of the lives of locomotive firemen-to the Committee on Inter- Pnlp, Sulphite, and Paper ·J\Iill Workers, of Piercefield, N. Y., state and Foreign Commerce. remonstrating against the repeal of the duty on white paper, Also, petition of James Horan, of Trenton, N. J"., praying for wood pulp, and the materials used in the manufacture thereof, legislation to modify the antitrust law, to regulate and limit which were referred to the Committee on Finance. the issuance of injunctions, for employers' liability, .and for the Mr. FRYE presented a memorial of Local Union No. 15, Inter extension of the eight-hour law-to the Committee on the national Brotherhood of Paper Makers, Pulp, Sulphite, and Judiciary. Paper Mill Workers, of Lisbon Fulls, :Me., remonstrating against Also, petitions of directors of the Trades League of Philadel- the repeal of the duty on white paper, wood pulp, nnd the ma phiu and of the Union League Club, of Chicago, for H. R. 10457, terials used in the manufacture thereof, which was refetTed to for forest reservations in White Mountains and Southern Appa- 1 the Committee on Finance. lachlan Mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. He also presented a petition of Local Union No. 1663, of Bath, Me., praying for the adoption of certain amendments to the so called .. Sherman antitrust law" relating to labor organiza SENATE. tions, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Greene, :M:e., SATURDAY, April, ~5, 1908. pra:y-ing for the passage of the so-culled " rural parcels-post bill," Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD E. HALE. which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices :and Post The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's Roads. proceedings when, on request <>f Mr. TELLER, and by unanimous Mr. CULLOM presented a petition of Local Union No. 182, consent, the further reading was dispensed with. International Molders' Union of Belle"\ille, ill., and u. petition The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Journal stands approved. of sundry citizens of Johnson City, Ill., praying for the adoption ESTIMATE OF A.Pl>ROPBIATION. _ of certain amendments to the so-called " Sherman antitrust law" relating to labor organizations, which were referred to The VICE-PRESIDE~"'T laid before the Senate a communi the Committee on the Judiciary. cation from the Sect·etary of the Treasury, transmitting a let He also presented a petition of the National Business League ter from the Secretary of State submitting an estimate of of Chicago, Ill., praying for the enactment of legislation pro appropriation for inclusion in the diplomatic and consular ap viding for the enlargement of the Navy of the United States, propriation bill relative to the preparation of reports and ma which was ordered to lie on the table. terials necessary to enable the Secretary of State to utilize and 1\Ir. PLATT presented petitions of the American Publishers' carry out the work partly performed by the Joint High Com Association of New York City, N. Y., and of the .A. ociated mission in 1898 for the settlement of questions relating to Press, of New York City, N. Y., praying for the repeal of the Canada, etc., which, with the accompanying paper, was referred duty on white paper, wood pulp, and the materials used in the to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. manufacture thereof, which were referred to the Committee on MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Finance. .A. message from the House of Representatives, by 1\Ir. W. J. He also presented a memorial of the Chamber of Commerce BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had of Buffalo, ...r. Y., remonstrating against the passage of the so agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. called "Aldrich currency bill," which was ordered to lie on th~ ~589) granting an increase of pension to Susan M. X eo man, table. with an amendment, in which it requested the concurrence of He also presented a petition of the Merchants' As ociation the Senate. of New York "'City, N. Y., praying for the enactment of legisla The message also announced that the House had agreed to tion providing for the appointment of a commission to consider the amemlment of the Senate to the bill (II. R. 17874) granting changes in the present currency system, which was ordered to pensions and increase of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors lie on the table. of the civil war and certain widows and dependent children of He also presented petitions of sundry labor organizations of soldiers of said war, with amendments, in which it requested Brooklyn, Cohoes, ilion, Lockport, and Olean, all in the State the concurrence of the Senate. of New York, praying for the adoption of certain amendments The message further announced that the House had passed to the so-called "Sherman antitrust law' relating to labor the bill (S. 6028) to pro-ride for safety of life on nayigable organizations, which were referred to the Committee on the waters during regattas or marine parades. Judiciary. VISITORS TO WEST POINT. l\Ir. WETMORE presented a memorial of Local Division No. 19, .Ancient Order of Hibernians, of Providence, R. I., and a The VICE-PRESIDE..~..IT appointed 1\fr. But.KELEY and Mr. memorial of Local Division No. 10, Irish National Foresters, McCREARY members of the Board of Visitors on the part of the of Central Fulls, R. I., remonstrating against the ratification Senate to attend the next annual examination of cadets at the of the treaty of arbitration between the United States and Military Academy at West Point, N. Y., in compliance with Great Britain, which were or
employment of additional clerks for the taking of the Thirteenth He also introduced a bill ( S. 6832) pro-viding for the holding and subsequent censuses, which was referred to the Committee of the United States district courts at Hugo, Okla., which was on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on the 1\fr. LODGE presented a petition of sundry citizens of Mon Judiciary. son, 1\fass., and a petition of sundry citizens of Boston, Mass., He also introduced a bill ( S. 6833) granting an honorable dis praying for the adoption of certain amendments to the so charge of George Vandegriff, which was read twice by its title called "Sherman antitrust law" relating to labor organizations, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. which were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. AMENDMENTS TO APPROPRIATION BILLS. 1\fr. CURTIS presented a petition of the Zodiac Club, of Law rence, Kans., praying for the enactment of legislation provid 1\fr. WARREN submitted an amendment proposing to appro ing for competiti"re examinations for clerks employed in the priate $2,446.34 to pay Howard B. Carpenter the balance due taking of the Thirteenth and subsequent censuses, which was him for survey of boundary line between the States of Idaho referred to the Committee on the Census. and :Montana, intended to be proposed by him to the general He also presented petitions of sundry labor organizations of deficiency appropriation bill, which was referred to the Com Fort Scott, Parsons, Pittsburg, and Kansas City, all in the mittee on .Appropriations and ordered to be priJ!.i:ed. State of Kansas, praying for the adoption of certain amend 1\lr. DIXON submitted an amendment providing that the un ments to the so-called!' Sherman antitrust law" relating to labor expended balance of appropriation in pursuance of treaty stip organizations, which were referred to the Committee on the ulations for subsistence and civilization of the Northern Chey Judiciary. enne and Arapahoes for the year 1907 be appropriated and Mr. DII.. LINGHAM. presented a petition of sundry citizens of made available for the fiscal rear ending June 30, 1908, etc., Berlin, Vt., and a petition of sundry citizens of Hartland and intended to be proposed by him to the sundry civil appropriation Taftsville, Vt., praying for the passage of the so-called " par bill, which was ordered to be printed and, with the accompany cels-post bill," which were referred to the Committee on Post ing papers, referred to the Committee on Appropriations. Offices and Post-Roads. AMENDMENT TO OMNIBUS PUBLIC BUILDINGS BILL. 1\fr. STEWART presented a petition of Local Union No. 28, Mr. BROWN submitted an amendment proposing that the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators, and Paperhangers of limit of cost of the United States post-office and site at Kear America, of Rutland, Vt., praying for the adoption of certain ney, Nebr., be increased from $85,000 to $110,000, intended to amendments to the so-called "Sherman antitrust law" relating be proposed by him to the onmibus public buildings bill, which to labor organizations, which was referred to the Committee was referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds on the Judiciary. and ordered to be printed. Mr. BULKELEY presented a petition of Tunxis Grange, No. 13, Patrons of Husbandry, of Bloomfield, Conn., praying for the AMENDMENTS TO OMNIBUS CLAIMS BILL. passage of the so-called "rural parcels-post bill," which was re 1\fr. WETMORE submitted two amendments intended to be ferred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. proposed by him to House bill 15372, known as the " omnibus He also presented a memorial of Third Di-vision, Ancient Or claims bill," which were ordered to lie on the table and be der of Hibernians, of Hartford, Conn., remonstrating against printed. the ratification of the treaty of arbitration between the United Mr. BRANDEGEE submitted an amendment- intended to be States and Great Britain, which was ordered to lie on the table. proposed by him to House bill 15372, known as the " omnibus .Mr. BRANDEGEE presented a memorial of Third Division, claims bill," which was ordered to lie on the table and be Ancient Order of Hibernians, of Hartford, Conn., remonstrating printed. against the ratification of the treaty of arbitration between the Mr. WARREN submitted an amendment intended to be pro United States and Great Britain, which was ordered to lie on posed by him to House bill 15372, known as the " omnibus the table. claims bill," which was referred to the Committee on Claims He also presented a petition of the City Club of Chicago, Ill., and ordered to be printed. and a petition of the Trades League of Philadelphia, Pa., pray WILLIAM EOLDENWECK. ing for the enactment of legislation to establish a national for Mr. CULLOM. I should like to call up the bill (S. 890) for est reserve in the Southern Appalachian and White Mountains, the relief of William Boldenweck, assistant treasurer of the which were ordered to lie on the table. United States at Chicago. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill wiU be read for .the infor mation of the Senate. Mr. KNOX, from the Committee on the Judiciary, to whom Mr. HALE. The naval appropriation bill has been continued was referred the bill (S. 6074) to provide for holding terms of so long that it is essential that it should be passed to-day. I the United States circuit and district courts at Springfield, must object after this to any time being taken for the consid Mass., reported it without amendment. eration of bills. Mr. BURROWS, from the Committee on Finance, to whom Mr. CULLOM. I hope this bill will take but a few moments. was referred the bill (S. 130) to constitute Eastport, Idaho, in Mr. HALE. If it gives rise to any debate, of course I must the customs collection dish·ict of Montana and Idaho, a subport object. of entry and delivery, asked to be discharged from its further Mr. CULLOM. Very well. consideration, and that it be referred to the Committee on Com The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be read. merce, which was agreed to. The Secretary read the bill, and there being no objection, BILLS INTRODUCED, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its con Mr. FRYE introduced a. bill (S. 6826) to correct the military sideration. It authorizes the proper accounting officers of the record of Albert S. Austin, which was read twice by its title Treasury, in settling the accounts of William Boldenweck, as and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee sistant treasurer of the United States at Chicago, to pass to the on Military Affairs. credit of said Boldenweck the sum of $173,000, being the sum Mr. KNOX introduced a bill (S. 6827) granting an incre..ase which was stolen from the subtreasury at Chicago during the of pension to Christian Paul,. which was read twice by its title year 1907. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or Mr. GUGGENHEIM introduced the following bills, which dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, were severally read twice by their titles and referred to the and passed. Committee on Pensions: NAVAL APPROPRIATION BILL. A bill (S. 6828) granting an increase of pension to Charles Mr. HALE. I ask that the naval appropriation bill be pro A. Wyeth; ceeded with. A bill ( S. 6829) granting an increase of pension to Willard The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con 1\lorris (with accompanying papers); and sideration of the bill (H. R. 20471) making appropriations for A bill (S. 6830) granting an increase of pension to Theo the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, and dore D. Mather (with accompanying papers). for other_purposes. · 1\fr. GORE introduced a bill (S. 6831) providing for the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the platting and selling of that part of the southwest quarter and amendment proposed by the Senator from Washington (Mr. the west half of the southeast quarter of section 14 in town PILES]. The amendment will be stated. ship 7 north, range 10 west of Indian meridian, lying south of The SECRETARY. On page 85, line 17, before the words " first the right of way of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Rail class battle ships," strike out " two " and insert " four." way Company, situated in the county of Caddo, Okla., for town The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the site purpo~es, which was read twice by its title and referred to amendment. [Putting the question.] The noes seem to have it. the Committee on rndian Affairs. The noes have it, and the amendment is disagreed to. 5212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SEN ATE. APRIL 25,
1\Ir. HALE. I would be very glad to have the bill disposed .Mr. HALE. .As to that or any other amendment. of in that way, but hvo or three Senators- Mr. TELLEn. Mr. President-- Mr. PILES. Mr. President-- 1\fr. ALDRICH. The Senator from Indiana is clearly right 1\Ir. HALE. If the Senator will wait a moment, if no Sen in his st.:'ltement. ator desires further to debate the bill, I am entirely willing I\lr. BEVERIDGE. I merely want it so tbat we may under and ready for a vote, and will call for the yeas and nays. stand it. I was not sure myself. Of course the Senator from Mr. CULBERSON. Mr. rresident, my purpose in rising is Maine and the Senator from Rhode Island are masters of par to present an amendment if there is no amendment pending. liamentary procedure. So we do understand that when the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill is in Committee of the bill comes out of Committee of the Whole into the Senate the Whole and open to amendment. rights of the Senator from Washington are not impaired, and Mr. FRYE. There is one pending. he will then have the right to offer his amendment again in the 1\Ir. CULBERSON. I inquired if there was an amendment Senate just as fully as in Committee of the Whole and to debate pending. it to that extent. The VICE-PRESIDENT. There is no amendment pending. 1\Ir. HALE. Then, on the suggestion of the Senator from 1\Ir. HALE." I withdraw the call for the yeas and nays. Indiana, I will ask that we shall go on with the bill. 1\Ir. CULBERSON. I offer the following as an additional Mr. PILES. I prefer that the amendment shall now be re section. considered and that we shall proceed with it in the manner Mr. PILES. Mr. President~- in which we were proceeding upon it originally. The RECORD The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Texas yield now shows that the amendment was defeated, and I think it to the Senator from Washington? would be better under all the circumstances to have the amend Mr. CULBERSON. Let the amendment proposed by me be ment proceed on the same line we were proceeding with it be read. fore the vote was taken upon the amendment. The VICE-PRESIDENT. T}le Secretary will read the amend The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Washing ment proposed by the Senator from Texas. ton move a reconsideration of the vote by which the amendment The SECRETARY. It is proposed to add at the end of the bill was rejected? the following paragraph : Mr. HALE. Will the Senator allow me? That none of the amounts herein appropriated for construction shall Mr. PILES. Certainly. be expended where any laborer or mechanic doing any part of the work .1\Ir. HALE. The Senator need not move to reconsider it. If contempla.ted by the contract, in the employ of the contractor or any subcontractor contracting for any part of said work contemplated, sha.ll the Senator is not content with the suggestion made by the be required or permitted to work more than eight hours in any one Senator from Indiana, I am entirely willing that by unanimous calendar day 'upon such work except upon permission granted by the consent the vote shall be regarded as reconsidered and the Secretary of the Navy during time of war or a time where war is amendment be before the Senate. imminent, or where any great.national emergency exists: And provided tw·ther, That the contractor contracting with the United States shall, The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to a reconsidera in the event of the violation of said covenant as to hours of labor, for tion of the vote by which the amendment was rejected? The feit to the United States the sum of $5 for each laborer Oi' mechanic for every calendar day for which be shall have been required or permitted Chair hears none. The amendment is before the Senate, and to labor more than eight hours upon the work under sucb contract. the question is upon agreeing to the s!lme. .Ur. PILES. Mr. President, I understand that the amendment .1\Ir. TELLER. I rose to make that suggestion. That was I proposed to the pending bill was \Oted upon. I had gone out the only purpose I had in rising, and it is now disposed of. I of the Chamber for a few moments to meet a gentleman from suppose the debate will go on as if the vote had not been taken. my State. .My understanding was that several Senators desired 1\Ir. HALE. Yes; and in the meantime the amendment to address the Senate and that the matter was to be further con offered by the Senator from Texas is pending. sidered. I should like to haYe the amendment reconsidered and The VICE-PRESIDENT. The pending amendment is the one brought again before the Senate. If not, I reserve the right to offered by the Senator from Washington. renew my amendment in the Senate. Mr. CULBERSON. I withdraw the amendment proposed by Mr. HALE. That right, undoubtedly, the Senator will have. myself until the other is disposed of. Mr. PILES. I do not think the amendment ought to be dis Mr. HALE. That is better. posed of in the way it was. I do not think an amendment of The VICE-PRESIDENT. The pending amendment is the one this character and importance ought to be taken up and passeu offered by the Senator from Washington. The question is on upon suddenly 'Yhen the Senator who offered it had been called agreeing to the amendment. out of the Chamber. For that reason I hope the Senator from 1\Ir. ALDRICH. 1\Ir. President, the pending proposition is Maine will consent to a reconsideration ·of the question and let to authorize four ships of a certain type instead of two as us have a vote upon it. suggested by the Committee on Naval Affairs in a bill makmg .Mr. HALE. I did not push the vote. The Chair put the appropriations for the extension and the support of the Navy question to a vote, as was proper. The Senator from Rhode for the coming fiscal year. The bill carries aggregate appro Island [Ur. ALDRICH] was to speak first to-day and was present, priations in excess of $123,000,000. The extraordinary con and he stated that in order to have a vote, he did not care to tention of the Senator from Washington [.1\Ir. PILEs] and the go on, and the Chair put the Yote, as was naturaL There has Senator from Indiana [Mr. BEVERIDGE] that this amendment is been no attempt on anybody's part to foreclose the amendment one of great national and international importance, and that or debate upon it. All the rights that the Senator from Wash the governments and cabinets of the world are waiting breath ington or any Senator has will be entirely preserved in the Sen lessly upon the decision of the Senate upon it, if it were not ate. There will be no attempt in this case to prevent a square for certain serious aspects of the case, would be simply tand-up Yote of the Senate finally on the proposition. The ludicrous. Senator will get all his rights. I did not push the matter. If the Senator from Indiana had said to the Senate that the 1\f r. PILES. I will ask the Senator if he does not think, then, question whether the recommendations of the British Admiralty that under all the circumstances the vote ought to be recon as to whether they should build one ship or three ships of the sidered and the amendment taken up in the usual way in Com D1·eaanought type was a question which involved the peace of mittee of the Whole? the world, one which involved the honor and the supremacy of Mr. HALE. If the Senator thinks that that is preferable, I Great Britain, that statement would have been considered ab will not object. Either way would take the same length of time. surd. Is there anything about the condition of the United 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. It can be offered in the Senate. States that takes away the element of absurdity from the Mr. HALE. As the Senator from Indiana says, it can be of- proposition made by the Senator from Indiana? I think not. fered in the Senate. . I have said that there were certain very serious aspects to 1\lr. BEVERIDGE. I wish to understand the parliamentary this case. I regret exceedingly the tone of the remarks of the condition as clearly as poEsible. I am not nearly so well versed Senator from Washington and the Senator from Indiana upon in parliamentary procedure as the Senator from l\Iaine, but I the floor on yesterday. I suggest to Senators that a self understand that wl:.en the bill goes out of Committee of the respecting nation, jealous of its rights and its powers and feel Whole and is in the Senate it is still open to amendment. ing its responsibilities as a member of the great family of na l\Ir. HALE. It is open to amendment. tions, would look with more disfavor upon insinuations and Mr. ALDRICH. In every part. innuendoes made upon the floor of the American Senate by per 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. And the amendment of the Senator from sons claiming to have the authority of the President of the Washington can be offered in the Senate as though it never United States than they would upon open threats or open mani had been offered before. festations of hostility. .Mr. HALE. Undoubtedly. The suggestions that there are nations professing friendly 1\.lr. BE.VERIDGE. And then the bill with the amendment is reln.tions with the United States that have designs not to be still open to debate in the Senate as much as in Committee of spoken of above a whisper that would be detrimental to the the Whole. interests of the United States, should certainly not be stated 1908. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. 5213 here unless known to be true. These insinuations should not could be discussed in executive session there would be no vote in any eyent affect our vote on the pending amendment. against four ships. Does any Senator suppose that our friendly or unfriendly Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator allow me? relations with other countries is to be determined by the fact 1\fr. HALE. My recollection is-- that we lli'l-ve thirty-thl:·ee battle ships instead of thirty-one? If 1\Ir . .ALDRICH. That was my statement of what the Sen there is any nation that has designs upon us, are they likely to ator from Indiana said. yield their purposes if we have thirty-three battle ships instead Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator from Rhode Island of thirty-one? Does any Senator have any such idea? permit me? :Mr. President, in my opinion neither the Senator from Indiana The VICE-PRESIDE...~T. Does the Senator from Rhode nor the Senator from Washington had any authority to speak Island yield further to the Senator from Indiana? for the President of the United States in this regard, and when Mr. ALDRICH. If the Senator desires to withdraw the the Senator from Indiana said in his place in the Senate that statement or explain it, I am quite willing to yield. if this amendment was to be considered in executi-ve session Mr. BEVERIDGE. I have my speech, which when published it would receive the unanimous vote of the Senate-- will stand the test. The Senator from Maine must do me the Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- justice to say-- Mr. .ALDRICH (continuing). Plainly stating as plain as lan 1\Ir. ALDRICH. I am talking about the speech as made and guage could, that there are in existence facts known to him and not as it will appear in the RECORD. perhaps known to others that would lead the Senate, if they 1\Ir. HALE. Other Senators heard all this. were -voting free and with a knowledge of the facts, to an oppo 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Very well; all right. The speech will ap site conclusion-- pear just as it was made. But I have no objection to anything 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator, of course, does not want to I said if other Senators do. It was not said in executi-ve session. misquote me nor any man, nor to do any man an injustice. l\Iy recollection of what I said in answer to the Senator from Mr. ALDRICH. No; certainly not. :Maine is that I said nobody knew what information the Chief Mr. BEVERIDGE. I have not my remarks here, and I have Executi-ve, the Commander in Chief of the NaYy, has. not had time to go o-ver them. Otherwise they would ha-ve ap Mr . .ALDRICH. The statement was not in that connection. peared in the RECORD. I ha-ve sent for them and will have them 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Yes, in that connection; and I said that in a moment. doubtless if we could discuss this matter fully there would not Mr. ALDRICH. Mr. President-- be many votes against it. Executive session was not mentioned. Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator will pardon me just a mo Mr. .ALDRICH. My recollection is perfectly plain, and I am ment. Neither the Senator from Washington nor myself said willing to leave it to the recollection of Senators who heard to the Senate that we spoke on the authority of the President the Senator from Indiana. The impression made upon me, and any more than any other Senator might. I made distinct refer I assume it is the impression made upon every Senator, was ence only to his message, and I said-and I have my remarks that there were facts in this case known to the Senator from downstairs and will get them-that what he might have in his Indiana that would have changed the result if they were known mind no man knew. publicly. As to the executive session, the Senator is again wrong. The l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I dislike to interrupt the Senator, but Senator from Maine [Mr. liALE] put to me the question, naming what I did say was that no man knew what facts the President a certain foreign friendly power, whether I thought there was had. any similarity in the situation between us and that specific Mr. ALDRICH. That is not what I am talking about. That power and the situation that existed between that power and is not the statement I am discussing. The impression made another friendly power prior to a recent war. I responded upon my mind, and, I think, the impression made generally, and the Senator from Maine [l\Ir. FRYE], sitting in his seat in was that there were facts in existence in this case that, if they front of me, said from his chair "that is right "-that it was were known to the Senate generally, would change the •result not proper to discuss a possible conflict, in my judgment, upon of this vote. I -venture to deny for the President of the United the floor of the Senate in open, or even hardly in executive, States and for the Administration and for the members of the session when naming particular powers. The Senator from Committee on Foreign Relations, who, I hope, will be heard Maine [Mr. HALE] instantly recognized that, and said he from in this connection, that there are any facts with refer thought that it was true, and withdrew his question. ence to our relations with any friendly power that if they Mr. President, I merely make this interruption so that the became known would affect the question now pending before Senator may not go on upon a misapprehension. I did very the Senate. carefully and definitely state, and it will be found in my re It is undoubtedly true that the President of the United marks, the exact limitations to which I thought we might go in States is in favor of four battle ships; he has made his posi debate upon that question. tion known to the Senate and to Senators; but that he is in While I am on my feet I will say that I had and I shall favor of this change for any such considerations as those urged later on in the debate produce speeches by a very eminent Sena by the Senator from Indiana on yesterday I deny. Now, if tor-- there are any such facts within the knowledge of the Senator 1\Ir. ALDRICH. That is hardly an answer. from Indiana, he is bound to say so to the Senate and to the Mr. BEVERIDGE. No; it is merely a correction; but if the country. I think there are none. Senator does not want me to make the statement I shall not 1\Ii.". President, the Senator from Indiana says that if we make it. vote for four battle ships peace is secured, and that everything Mr. .ALDRICH. But I do not like to have you make too is to be harmonious and lovely in the future; but that if we many speeches in my time. vote for only two battle ships that there is great danger of 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Of course I will not say more than I war, and that e-very evil to which mankind is liable is certain think the exigencies call for. I have and, if necessary, I shall to result if the Senate declines to follow his judgment and his produce speeches made heretofore by an eminent Senator, a vet opinion. eran Senator, where the limitations of debate upon such a ques The Senator from Indiana says that we should not have had tion as this that I yesterday marked out were not at all fol the Spanish war if we had had two more battle ships in 1898. lowed, but were e..'S:.ceeded, and where trouble between this and Everyone who knows anything of the circumstances under another friendly power was set forth in such vigorous terms which that war was brought about and the attitude which that it got the attention of the entire country. I suppose the Spain was obliged to take by reason of conditions in her own older Senators here will remember that debate. Also I shall country and not here, realizes that statement is very far from produce the speeches of other very distinguished Senators of the facts. If we had had forty battle ships at that time Spain like character. By them I shall show that my remarks yester would have been obliged to go to war to preserve her Govern day were moderate and mild compared with theirs on former ment at home, if for no other reason. occasions. The Senator from Indiana said that Great Britain owes her Mr. ll.A.LE. 1\Ir. President-- exemption from war to her great navy, and that she could not The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode have carried on the Boer war successfully-perhaps the Senator Island yield to the Senator from Maine? should like to interrupt me about that-unless she had a great 1\Ir. ALDRICH. Certainly. navy. Is there anything in the facts to justify that statement? l\fr. HALE. I only wish to have the Senator yield that I I think not. The Boer war did not grow out of the fact that may co!ltribute my clear recollection. The Senator from In Great Britain had a navy. It was carried on in spite of the diana. has not stated all that was said. When reference was fact that Great Britain had a navy. It was not pllt down by made to the discussion in executive session, and when it was the use of the navy. The navy of Great Britain had no more said that only there and in an extreme case should it be dis to do with it than the Navy of the United States, either 1n its cussed, the Senator from Indiana did say that if this matter inception or in its conclusion. 5214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25,
.Mr. NELSON. l\Ir. President-- ing and the preservation of the American Navy before the ad The VICE-PRESIDEXT. Does· the Senator from Rhode vent of the Senator from Indiana or the Senator from Washing Island yield to the Senator from Minnesota? ton. I have misread the history of my country-- 1\Ir. ALDlliCH. Certainly. 1\fr. PILES. Mr. President-- l\fr. NELSON. I desire to call the Senator's attention to the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode Is fact that the American mules, which the British succeeded in land yield to the Senator from Washington? getting in the Boer country, enabled them to succeed in that Mr. ALDRICH. Yes, sir. war. Mr. PILES. I should like to ask the Senator from Rhode Is llr. ALDRICH. I think that that fact had more to do with land if he heard me make any statement in my remarks which it than the na>y of Great Britain. challenged the patriotism of any Senator on this floor-- The Senator from Washington and the Senator from In 1\Ir. ALDRICH. No; perhaps not-- diana assume that there is something almost sacred about the Mr. PILES. Or that, by the greatest stretch of imagination, amendment offered by the Senator from Washington for four could be assumed-- ships. As I haYe said, why four ships and not five; why not Mr. ALDRICH. Perhaps not their patriotism, but their judg six, or seven, or ten? If there is some great war cloud hanging ment. When the Senator said that we have a fl eet composed over this country, if the Pacific Ocean is to be, as the Senator largely of ships of an obsolete type, I think that was an inti from Washington says, the storm center of a great conflict, mation that the men who are controlling the e matters, both why does the Senator from Washington show this modesty and in the Department and in Congress, had not kept abreast with forbearance with reference to the safety of his constituents? the times, at least in providing for the construction of a Navy. Mr. PILES. l\fr. President-- 1\ir. PILES. Mr. President, if the Senator will pardon me a The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode moment, the Senator is mistaken. Island yield to the Senator from Washington? Mr. ALDRICH. Very well. l\fr. ALDRICH. I do. .M:r. PILES. My statement was that there were eleven, as I l\fr. PILES. I wish to say to the Senator from Rhode Island understood, of the thirty-one battle ships that are of an obso that I did not speak with any authority of the President. lete type. I said nothing more and nothing less than that and Mr. ALDRICH. I am glad to hear one disclaimer. We may I meant not to impugn any Senator's motive or the moti~e of have perhaps another disclaimer from the Senator from In anyone else in not keeping our Navy up to the standard. diana. I do not know whether he is going to make it later or Mr. ALDRICH. I am not suggesting that the Senator from not. I hope he is. Washington or the Senator from Indiana impugned the motive l\fr. BEVERIDGE. I dislike to interrupt the Senator any of anybody. But if I heard the Senator from Indiana cor more, but I wish to answer him. rectly or understood the force of his argument, it was that we Mr. PILES. I read the portion of the President's special had reached a crisis in national affairs, and that whether a message to Congress which I thought was necessary for me to Senator was loyal to the American Navy, whether he was loyal present in the course of the remarks I made. I have had no to ~e great principles of peace, whether he was loyal to a communication with the President on this subject, direct or in des1re to promote the future welfare of his country was to de direct. I got my communication from him through his message. pend upon whether he would vote for four battle ships. We I beg the Senator's pardon, but I made no statement yester were held up, as it were, and told that the President of the day that the Pacific Ocean was to be the storm center of any United States having asked for four battle ships, we could not war or that we were to have any war. refuse without ignoring the experience of the world without 1\fr. ALDRICH. Mr. President-- turning our back upon the American Navy and pu'tting the 1\fr. PILES. If the Senator will pardon me a moment--. Unite'd States into a position where she would be defenseless Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. in case of a war, which seemed to be impending somewhere in 1\fr .•PILES. What I said was that if we had a war, the Pa the universe. cific Ocean would be the storm center of that war. That was my Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator permit me? statement. Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. 1\fr. ALDRICH. If we should get into war with Germany, I 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. I do not intend to interrupt the Senator suppose the Pacific Ocean would not be the storm center. any more than is absolutely necessary for the correctness of Mr. PILES. I maintain, and I think it must be apparent to this debate, preferring to reserve such things as I have to state all men who have thought of the situation, that if we do have until afterwards. Not only was there no imput.o'ltion of any a war, the next war we will have will be on the Pacific Ocean. Senator's patriotism, but I particularly said-! remember the I apprehend no war, but I wish to state, as I said yesterday, statement, which I have since read, in my remarks made di that in my judgment if we do have a war the Pacific Ocean will rectly to the Senator from Rhode Island-that the Senator be the storm center of that war. from Rhode Island was as patriotic as any Senator in this 1\ir. ALDRICH. That is what I am finding fault with, or Chamber, and that every Senator in this Chamber was as patri trying to find fault with, in my feeble way. The Senator made otic as every other Senator in this Chamber. Those were the a statement that the Pacific Ocean would be the storm center. I exact words addressed particularly to the Senator from Rhode suggested then that that was only another way of saying that Island. there is a possibility of war. with Japan. There is no other Next, with reference to this being a crisis, having referred to power with which we could engage in war in which the Pacific the large number of incidents where war had come unexpect Ocean could be made the storm center. edly, I said it might be possible, in view of the past that this What I am objecting to as strongly as I can is the insinua will be a critical vote. Now, those were the statem~nts really tions made by both Senators that there is some mysterious, made. baneful influence or disaster hanging over the people of the Mr. ALDRICH. I think I have not misrepresented the Sen United States that should force us to favor four battle ships, ator. Certainly I have not done so intentionally. and I was discussing the sacredness of this number. I should Mr. BEVERIDGE. I know you have not, but I made that like to have some Senator tell me why thirty-three battle ships statement directly and emphatically and in plain words. So instead of thirty-one can be relied upon to preserve the peace far from impugning anybody's patriotism, I stated positively of the world. Does any Senator here think that Great Britain, that I asserted the equal patriotism of all, and especially that for instance, if we should have differences with her, would yield of the Senator from Rhode Island. her convictions as to what her honor or her interest required Mr. ALDRICH. It was possibly an impeachment of our in because the United States had thirty-three battle ships instead telligence, rather than our patriotism, that was intended to be of thirty-one? conveyed. If there is any danger of a conflict between the United States Mr. BEVERIDGE. I did not say anything about that of and any power, does any Senator suppose that that power, course. We have different views. ' whether Japan or Great Britain, or any other country on the 1\fr. ALDRICH. I understand the Senator from Indiana face of the globe, would change their convictions of duty to stated-I do not want to misquote him, and I do not think I themselves and to their people simply because the United States do-that if we were not to have a navy which was adequate for has two more battle ships? The contention, Senators, is abso the purposes of peace, any money taken for the support of the lutely absurd. Navy was, I think he used the word "filched," from the people The Senator from Indiana also proposes to try Senators as to of the United States. Now, let us examine that question. their loyalty to the Navy and its traditions and its prowess upon Mr. BEVERIDGE. I want to say that I will not interrupt the question whether they are going to vote in this body for the Senator again, but I can not permit him now to go on mnking four battle ships or for two. I will say to him and to the Senator statements that he says I made, but which I did not make; and from Washington that there were patriotic Senators who de later I shall give precisely the statements that were made as voted their time and their energies successfully to the upbuild- I have before me just exactly what I did say. ' 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 5215
Mr. ALDRICH. I certainly heard the Senator make the :Mr. BEVERIDGE. I thought I ga\e at least two recent, def- statement on two different occasions, but I am entirely willing inite, admitted, historical examples; and when I come to say that the Senator shall modify it or explain it in any way he what I have to say-- pleases-- 1\fr. ALDRICH. What were they? 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. No; not at all. I stand on that particular 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. When I come to say what I have to say, statement precisely where I did stand, and I will repeat it when I shall repeat them and illustrate them. I come to reply to the Senator. Mr. ALDRICH. Can the Senator from Indiana not state in Mr. ALDRICH. It must be evident to the Senate that I am two words what they were? laboring under a great deal of difficulty in discussing this ques- 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Yes; perhaps not in two words, but in tion with the Senator from Indiana in having to rely upon my three or four words. I said that if Japan, at the close of the recollection of what he said, though I think my recollection is Chino-Japanese war, had had her present navy, she could not perfectly clear. hav-e been forced, and would not have been forced, to recede to But is it true that we must hav-e a navy which is adequate China the Liaotung Peninsula. That is a fact admitted by all or hav-e no navy at all? Who is to decide the question of students and historians, and that recession was the sole cause adequacy? We had in 1808 a new navy, a reconstructed navy. of the war between Russia and Japan. Does the Senator from Now, does the Senator from Indiana mean to say that the Navy Rhode Island deny that? at that time was inadequate? Who is to determine the ques- Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator from Indiana assumes two or tion as to the adequacy of the American Navy, except the repre- three different things of which I have no knowledge and as to sentativ-es of the American people, taking into consideration which I assume he has no definite information. all the circumstances and conditions which surround the coun- Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator from Rhode Island assumes try? Are we to hav-e a navy as large as that of Great Britain? a good many.things. There is not a Senator who listens to me who does not know Mr. ALDRICH. I do not like to assent to a conclusion until the conditions and circumstances under which the navy of I know something about the premises. 1 Great Britain is maintained. Are we to go into competition f Mr. BEVERIDGE. I am stating this as a fact, and the Sena with European nations, especially with Great Britain, as to tor asked rye for an illustration. the size of our Navy? Who is to determine this question? Is I say, second, that I believe it is the consensus of students- the Senator from Indiana to be the sole judge of the question I say this after having giv-en some little attention to it-that of the adequacy of the Navy? I submit that it is the duty of again before the Russo-Japanese war broke out, if Russia the Congress of the United States to provide a navy which is had had a great up-to-date effective nav-y there is little doubt adequate and efficient. I think they have done so. What addi- but that that controv-ersy would hav-e been settled by diplo tion shall be made in this bill to the naval programme is a macy. If there has been a student or writer who disagrees as question not of sentiment; it is a question not of peace; but to those recent historic significant examples, I do not know who it is a question of practical administration, taking into con- he is, and I would be glad for the Senator from Rhode Island sideraton all the facts and circumstances that surround us. to point him out. There are two examples. I shall give more The Senator from Indiana said yesterday that those of us when I come to reply. who would not agree with him upon this proposition must dis- Ir. ALDRICH. Mr. President, both of the cases cited are agree solely upon the ground that we did not think war was based upon pure speculation. I said, and I repeat it, that I possible. Am I mistaken in that statement? believe there is not a single example in modern times or in Mr. BEVERIDGE. I will say to the Senator that I have ancient times where the question of the size of a. navy was the made up my mind not to interrupt the Senator. sole controlling element in a decision for peace. The Russo- JUr. ALDRICH. That is all right. I am glad to have the Japanese war began, not because Japan had a larger or a more Senator interrupt me. effectiv-e navy than Russia had, but because of underlying causes Mr. BEVERIDGE. But I hav-e my remarks here, and I with which the Senator from Indiana is as familiar as I am. think I shall answer the Senator to his satisfaction. I hope so. If I am not mistaken in my recollection, the Senator from Mr. ALDRICH. I think the Senator from Indiana said on Indiana, in a book which he wrote upon the subject of "The three or four occasions that we could not resist the amendment Russian Advance," thought that the Russian nav-y at that time proposed by the Senator from Washington [Mr. PILEs] except was fully equal, if not superior, to the Japanese navy, and upon the theory that we thought war was impossible. Every that this superiority or inferiority could not have had the least man who listens to me knows that nothing is impossible in the effect on the result. scope of human existence. I say to the Senator from Indiana Mr. BEVERIDGE. There again: The Senator has not done that in v-iew of the circumstances and conditions in which the me the honor of reading that chapter in that book in which, in United States finds herself, when we consider that the finances my feeble way, I discussed that question. I ca.n remember only of a country are the principal element to be considered, when now that I said that, from an uninstructed obsener's point of we consider that there is not an European nation that could view, the Russian ships looked to be in much better condition be advantaged by war with the United States or by permitting than people supposed they were. Yesterday the Senator from a war with the United States, I say-and I mean to give my 1\faine [Mr. HALE] said that I had predicted a certain thing, words all the power which I can give them-that war between which was the precise reverse of what I actually did say. the United States and any other nation is improbable; and I be- Mr. HALE. If the Senator from Rhode Island will permit lieve there is no Senator present who does not in his heart of me- hearts agree with that statement. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode Is- Mr. BEVERIDGE. I said that same thing three times during land yield to the Senator from Maine? my remarks. Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. Mr. ALDRICH. Well, if that is true, why are the Senators .Mr. HALE. Since the Senator's ample denial that his book who do not agree with the Senator from Indiana as to the showed, from his view, the superiority of Russia ov-er Japan and preci~e number of battle ships to be appropriated or provided the power of that great Empire to sweep Japan from the face of for in this bill held up as the enemies of peace, simply because the earth, I have given myself the pleasure of going ov-er the they do not agree with the Senator upon a practical propo- pages of the Senator's book, The Russian Adv-ance; and the sition? whole book, Mr. President, is devoted to the proposition that no Now, is it true that anywhere at any time, the size of a. nation could stand in the East before Russia; that anywhere a.nd nation's navy has had anything to do with the question of everywhere she would dominate and prevail, and would driv-e a declaration of war? Can any Senator remember a case in every nation from the Pacific. [Laughter.] the history of the world where that has been the element 1\fr. ALDRICH. That is my recollection of the book. which has been decisiv-e in the question of peace or war? I [Laughter.] shaJl be glad if any Senator can cite an instance. Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President, the Senator from Rhode Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator repeat that query? Island will permit me to say that, in view of the interpretation Mr. ALDRICH. I think there nev-er was a time in the of my poor literary effort made by the Senator from 1\laine, at history of the world when any war has been decided with ref- this "late and appreciative day," to use the language of the erence to the relative size of the navies of the counb·ies in- Senator from Iowa on another occasion, I think I shall hav-e to v-olved. make, before the debate is ov-er, profert of exactly what I did l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I am glad to hear that statement re- say my_self on this particular subject. peated the second time. I did not catch it the first time, be- Mr. HALE. Or make another book. [Laughter.] cause I thought that I gave- 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I would almost be tempted to do that. Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, we on this side of the Cham- Mr. ALDRICH. Mr. President, I am only alluding t~ the ber can only hear one side of the controyersy. The Senator statement of the Senator from Indiana in his book to refute the from Indiana [Mr. BEVERIDGE] is not heard on this side of the statement which he has made here as to what was the opinion Chamber. at that time of the relative strength of these two navies, and 5216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .. APRIL 25, that the war was not undertaken on either side simply because Mr. ALDRICH. Who is to determine that question? If we one side or the other had, as it believed, a preponderance of are in war, who pays attention to what is contraband? naT"al power. I may use it perhaps for another purpose- Mr. BEVERIDGE. International law-that pays attention .Mr. BEVERIDGE. Yes; I think I shall use it myself to what is contraband. International law! The Senator does now-- not mean to say that he proposes not to prepare for war and Mr. ALDRICH (continuing). To say that possibly even the then to escape the unpreparedness by violating international Senator from Indiana, whose scope of knowledge is certainly ~w? . wide, once in a while may be mistaken when he undertakes to Mr. ALDRICH. I will say that my understanding is we spread his powers of observations over the entire world. The bought ships of exactly that kind during the Spanish-American power to do that is given to but few of us. The Senator from war. Indiana in this case, as perhaps in no other, was certainly Mr. BEVERIDGE. I am glad that the Senator gave that mistaken. illustration. • We paid for those ships many times what they 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President, I assume that I certainly were worth and what they could have been obtained for before ha\e tne common human failings. Yet every prediction made the war broke out. Does the Senator deny that? No! for the in my book came true. All of us make more mistakes than whole world knows it. otherwise, no doubt; that is merely human; but, as a matter Mr. ALDRICH. That is a different question. of fact, the chief thing in this book, to which I want to call the Mr. BEVERIDGE. Certainly, it is a different question. attention of the Senator from Rhode Island and the Senator '.rhat is the point-it is a different question! Now, Mr. Presi from Maine at this particular juncture, is to the other state dent-- ment. I will repeat in exact words what I said myself, that Mr. ALDRICH. I think I will have to go on. I think I will the original articles-five years before that war-stated the ele have to ask the Senator not to interrupt me further. ments of the situation and why war was inevitable; but so Mr. BEVERIDGE. Very well; it was perfectly proper for me greatly did the Senator from Maine-whose judgment I then to interrupt, and I will be \ery glad to defer this; but at the and now esteem-so weightily did he differ from me that his time of our unpreparedness-- judgment caused me to modify that statement, the opinion be 1\Ir. ALDRICH. There must be a limit upon interruption. ing held also by the Senator from Rhode Island at that time Mr. BEVERIDGE. At the time, I will say, both of the civil that war was absolutely impossible for financial, as well as for war and the Spanish war it cost us hundreds of millions of other reasons; yet within three months from the time that was dollars in money and thousands of lives just because we were done war was raging. [Laughter.] unprepared. It does not answer that statement to say the re Mr. ALDRICH. Mr. President, the Senator from Indiana sources of this nation are open both as to its money and its has convinced me that he has more capacity as a prophet than manhood when war comes. he has as a historian or a statistician. [Laughter.] Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator is confirming exactly what I Mr. SUITH of Michigan . . Mr. President-- am trying to impress upon the Senate-confirming it in the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode Is strongest possible way-that is, whether we are in favor of hav land yield to the Senator from Michigan? ing an adequate navy and of appropriating the resources of the Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. United States to be properly used, and that is the question 1\Ir". SMITH of Michigan. If the Senator from Rhode Island will permit me the observation, I should like to suggest that which the Senator from Indiana proposes to determine for us. if some of the critics of the Senator from Indiana had reduced Mr. BEVERIDGE. I have a right, have I not, l\Ir. President, their own opinions to writing within the last few years they to give my views and arguments? might find them quite as contradictory as the Senator from Mr. ALDRICH. I beg the Senator's pardon. The Senator Rhode Island says that the Senator from Indiana has found his. said in effect to us yesterday, if you do not vote for four battle Mr. ALDRICH. Most of us are too prudent to do that. ships-as I say, going back to the sacredness of this number [Laughter.] But to get to the practical question which is be then you are not in favor of peace ; then you are not in favor fore the Senate, because, if I am not mistaken, the Senate is of using the resources of the nation as the President thinks tbey not to determine this question upon pyrotechnics or upon the ought to be used. I am here as a Senator representing a State, assumption that the President of the United States and the as the Senator from Indiana is, and I do not propose to delegate American Government are afraid to do what is right and just to either that Senator or to any other man the right to use my in their relations with the other nations of the world and that judgment as to how the resources of the United States shall be it is necessary for them to build four more battle ships to used, having in mind all the time my duty as a Senator of the create a feeling of fear on the part of those countries, which United States and my duty as a patriotic citizen of the United in some way are contemplating hostile relations with us. Is States. there a Senator present who does not believe, if there is to be Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- a war with anybody, that the entire resources of this country, Mr. ALDRICH. And I do not propose to permit the Senator Tast and infinite as they are, will be immediately placed at the from Indiana or any other Senator to sny to me, "If you do not disposal of the Chief Executive as Commander in Chief of the \Ote for four battle ships instead of two you are faJse to the Army and Navy of the United States? traditions of this country and to its highest interests." I say Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator permit me to interrupt there is no such question involved here. It is a pure, practical him-not for a question, but for a very brief interruption- question of administration under the conditions and circum Mr. ALDRICH. Very well. stances which surround us. I do not criticise the President of 1\lr. BEVERIDGE. It is this: Of course every man of every the United States for believing in four battle ships. That is his party and of e\ery faith in time of hostilities would put not right. It is his right and his duty, if he so believes, to send to only the resources of the country but his life at the service of this Congress messages to that effect. I do not object to his the nation and the flag. sending for Senators and trying to impress upon them that they Mr . .ALDRICH. I intended to include that, of course, in ought to vote in accordance with his wishes and his opinions ; I my statement. have no fault to find with that, but I do find fault with the l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. The Senator would except that? Senator from Indiana, who undertakes, in a speech, to say to Mr. ALDRICH. No, I meant to include it. I consider the us, as I understand him, "The President of the United States resources of the American nation are, first, in the manhood says this, therefore you must do it, and if you do not do it yon and character of its people. . are neglecting your pah·iotic duty as a member of the Senate." Mr. BEVERIDGE. The point that I wish to make is that Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President, the Senator must permit the resoUI·ces of a people not utilized for the purpose of pre me- venting war until war comes are infinitely less useful than Mr. ALDRICH. I may have been mistaken in my construc when used in advance. For example, we can not, after his tion of the Senator's speech, but I do not think I was. tilities break out, build a ship. The Senator will concede that. Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- If we are unprepared-- The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode Is- 1\Ir. ALDRICH. We might buy them if we could not build land yield to the Senator from Indiana? · them, which I do not concede. Mr. ALDRICH. Yes. Mr. BEVERIDGE. You mean we could buy them during the Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator says that he will not dele war? gate his right to think and vote to anybody. Does the Senator Mr. ALDRICH. We bought two in the Spanish-American expect, on the contrary, that other Senators, representing States war, and Great Britain bought a number durin'g the Boer war. and having the same patriotic devotion to their duty that I yes l\lr. BEVERIDGE. I will ask the Senator whether it is not terday ascribed to the Senator from Rhode Island, should dele true that in time•of war fighting ships and all munitions of war gate their duties and their votes and their arguments to any are not contraband? body else? 1908. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE . 5217
1\Ir. ALDRICH. Not in the slightest degree. I am not find divested, if you-please, of all this extraneous talk about war ing fault at all with the opinions or the judgment of the Sen and peace, about loyalty and disloyalty, as to the friends of ator from Indiana. the Nayy and the opponents of the ~a.-y-let us diYest it of all 1\lr. BEVERIDGE. H a s not any Senator the right to present of that and look at it a a practical qne ~ tion . Every Senator to the Senate his Yie,ys as well as the Senator from Rhode 'vho bas any knowledge of this subject knows that the building Island? of great na>ies has been a slow process of eYolution. Ships l\Ir. ALDRICH. Undoubtedly. , that are Taluable to-day may, ten years from now, be of abso l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I call the attention of the Senator from lutely no use. \'\·e baye saYed money and gained by the expe Rhode IsJand to the fact that I began my few remarks yester rience of other countries -Yery largely by not building an im day with the statement that on the dny before the Senator from mense number of ships. As I said on yesterday, I remember on Maine-and it will be found in the RECORD-had said that the this floor bearing a discussion after the opening of the great mill(l of the Senate teas ALREADY MADE UP, without any dl.scus contest between Japan and Russia, in which it "·as stated that sion. ev-ery nayal authority took it for granted that we would h~>e - :Mr. ALDRICH. I do not find fault with the judgment of to build no more large ships, but that ,ye would build instead the Senator from I:e.cliana at all. He has a perfect right to more torpedo boats and torpedo-boat destroyers. 'l'he President his O'Sn judgment and his own opinions, and I hope he controls of the United States, in the message which he sent here two or his own >ote. three years ago, recommended that 'Se build one battle shill a Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator knows I do-nobody knows year, recognizing the dilliculties in the way of arriYing at a it better than he. And I hope that eyery Senator on this type which would be Yaluable to us through all time. He bas flo or does. The only thing that has appeared in this debate changed his mind, as he undoubtedly had a right to. that might create any impeachment of that was the statement Now, let us look at this q11estion a little further. Is there which I said I was satisfied the Senator from :Maine did not any reason at this time why we should prolide for four battle mean in that sense-that the min(l ot the Senate tt]Jon this shillS? The legislatiYe power of the Congress of the United crit·ical fl.Uestion wAS MADE UP BEFORE any debate or discussion. States does not cease when the roll is called u11on this amend hacl occurred. ment. If any clouds should darken the sky of our peaceful l\Ir. ALDRICH. Mr. President, the Senator is entitled to his IJrosperity, if Congress were not in session, how long would it opinion, of course. The President of the United States is en tal-e the President of the United States to summon a special titled to his opinion. :::ession of Congress to proyide, not for two battle ~ hips, but : Mr. BE-VERIDGE. That is right. for as many as were necessary to meet the emergencies which Mr. ALDRICH. What I haYe been trying to do-and I ha>e might arise? It will take tllree years at least to build any of failed in e>erything I haye attempted, unless I haYe succeeded these ships. 1.'he cloud which the Senators see in the skies in doing it-was to convince the Senate that this was not a will disappear from e>en their Yision long before any such con question a iTecting the peace and war of the people of the United tingency will arise. Does either of these Senators, who ha>e States, or of any other colmtry in the world; I objected to the suddenly become so learned in nayal matters, believe that the Senator from Indiana putting it in that form, and I objected to type of tbese ships is to be tb~ ultimate type which i~ to be the insinuation which permeated llis speech and the speech of adopted by the naval authorities and by the goyernruents of the Senator from Washington [l\Ir. PILEs], though not to the the world? same extent, that there was some graYe. impending diffiCtJlty, I haYe not yet heard one single argument why two ships will and that if the President of the United States should tell other not do as well as four. Now, there is another side to this Senators what be had told them, there would be a different Yote question, and I propose to detain the Senate but a Yery short upon this proposition. time in calling attention to that side, because while I believe Mr. BEVERIDGE. 1\Ir. President, that statement will not- that patriotism and love of country and devotion to natioaal Air. ALDRICH. I object to arguments and statements of this interests should first control the acts of an American Senator, character. I say, so far as the Senator from Indiana Yentured still there is another side, which we are bound to take into con to express the opinions of the President or the Administration, sideration if we discharge our duty. Since the Spanish-Ameri that be did it "ithout any authority whatever. can war 'We haYe had an era of extraYagance in expenditures. Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- There bas been apparently little limit to appropriations and - The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Rhode expenditures. With prosperity, a degree of prosperity that the Island yield to the Senator from Indiana? world has never before known, our reYennes mounted higher Mr. ALDRICH. Yes. and higher eYery month, and we evidently, and perbaps natu 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. It is verv distasteful to me to be com rally, thought there was no limit and should be no limit to our pelled constantly to call the attention of the Senator from Rhode appropriations for the public senice. [sland to the fact that statements attributed to me were not made, But a change has taken place. The revenues of the counh·y and I resol>ed not to do it any more; but he will not find such arc falling off. The deficiency in the month of April will be a statement as he just now attributes to me in this RECORD. more than $11,000,000. The deficiency for the preEent fiscal Furthermore, I ba Ye-- year will be at least $GO,OOO,OOO. W.hat is the duty of Congress Mr. ALDRICH. I am not talking about the RECORD. in this emergency? The appropriation bills now in this Cham Mr. BEVERIDGE. Furthermore, I have been nine years in ber or in the other provide for an increase of appro11l'ia tions this Senate and I have never assumed to speak for anybody over those made last year of a hundred and four million dol e-xcept myself, being responsible to nobody except the people lars; and the end is not yet. There is a public buildings bill, who sent me here and to the American people, and no statement which will probably pass, which may add $20,000,000 to that, will be found in any speech of mine-- making an increase of appropriations in this fiscal year over Mr. ALDRICH. l\Ir. President-- the last of a hundred and twenty-four million dollars, and this Mr. BEVERIDGE. I do not assume, and never have assumed, with a deficiency in reyenue this year of $GO,OOO,OOO. to be a spokesman of anybody but myself-and the same thing What do Senators propose to do about this? There is a sug can not be said of other Benators. gestion made, which I imagine may eyentuate in some re Mr. ALDRICH. I hope the Senator from Indiana will ob sults, that the committees of the two Hous-es shall in the near serve the propriety of not making a speech in my time. future, with a view of revising our reyenue laws, consider the _ 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. The Senator must not make statements tariff and the revenues of the country. If such a committee is like that. appointed, as things now stand and with the rapidity of in 1\Ir. ALDRICH. I am only speaking in this connection of creases in the expenditures, the principal duty of that com what my impressions were of the speech of the Senator from mittee will be to find new sources of revenue for the GoYern Indiana. I listened to it carefully from beginning to end, and ment. New sources of taxation must be found, or the present the impression made upon my mind was that the Senator was revenue-producing taxes and custom duties must necessarily speaking here ex cathedra. I venture there was not a Senator be increased. who listened who did not have the same impression when the I call the attention of the members of this body to that Senator had completed his remarks. Now, I say, Senators, this serious situation. If I thought that the peace of the United is too serious and vital a matter for us to dispose of upon any States or its honor or the welfare of the American Navy de such hypothesis as that. pended upon these additional battle ships, I would not hesitate I was saying, when the Senator last interrupted me, that to vote for two or twenty. But there is no such question here, this was simply a practical question of administration. I was gentlemen. No man will rise in this body and say, and there is saying that the President of the United States has a right no member of the executive branch of the Government who will to his opinion about it and the Senator from Indiana certainly say, we are to have any war within the next two or three years has a right to his opinion; but let us look at the question itself, or at any other t ime in the near f uture. I do not say by that XLII-327 5218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25, that war is impo.ssible. It is not necessary to say that.· I say were not true battle ships and their description as "second it is very improbable. We can not compete with Great Britain class batt~e ships" is meaningless·. The point is really of no in a navy. There is no reason why we should. The efficiency consequence. I am not reflecting upon :Mr. Whitney's admin of our Navy is of more consequence than its size. Every man istration of the Navy. He was a good Secretary and did eTery who listens to me knows that. Four battle ships will add thing he could to advance the interests of the Navy. $ ,000,000 per annum to the ordinary expenses of the Kavy 1\fr. McCREARY. I agree with the Senator from California for their maintenance. Eight million dollars more per annum in his statement that the first appropriation was made in 18 6, at least should be added for repairs and depreciation. This and Mr. Cleveland was President at that time. I do not like authorization means, then, $16,000,000 added every year to the to be personal, but I happened to be in the chair, presiding in amount raised by taxes to be paid by the people of the United the House of Representatives, when the.amendment to the naval States, for what purpose? To prepare for possible conflicts appropriation bill was offered and I can not be mistaken about which, in my judgment, will never occur except in the fancy it. It was in 1886. or imagination of the Senator from Indiana [1\Ir. BEVERIDGE]. 1\Ir. CULBERSON. Mr. President-- 1\fr. LODGE. Mr. President, it is with great reluctance that The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from 1\Iassachu- I detain the Senate, because I know that Senators are anxious setts yield to the Senator from Texas? to -rote upon this question, and I realize the patience with Mr. LODGE. Certainly. which the Senator in charge of the bill has conducted the de- 1\fr. CULBERSON. I am not able to throw any particular bate and would not willingly abuse. But I feel that it is light upon the exact time when the first battle ship was con merely justice to myself that I should give my reasons for the structed, but I happen to have before me a statement of the Yote which I am about to cast on this question. expenditures of the Navy, which it occurs to me does throw I shall vote for the four ships, but I should be very sorry to some light upon when the new Navy began. It shows that in have it supposed that my reasons for that vote were some of the Fiftieth Congress, in 1888, ihe naval expenditures were iir those which have been put forward in the debate here in order creased from $16,489,000 to $26,263,000 in round figures. to induce votes in that direction. Therefore I have felt it The Senator from Massachusetts, of course, as I assume, nece sary to explain briefly why I shall give my vote for four did not intend to cast any unnecessary reflection upon the bat ships. tie ship Texas. If he did, I invite his attention to the unparal- I do not think, Mr. President, that I need to protest my in- leled record of that ship in the battle of Santiago. terest in the Navy of the United States. I may be permitted Mr. LODGE. The conduct of the Texas in the battle of San to say, however, that it did not begin with the introduction of tiago had nothing to do with the value of the ship, American this bill in the House of Representatives a month ago, nor with sailors would fight well on a raft. this debate. Before I ever came. to Congress, owing to certain 1\.Ir. MONEY. 1\Ir. President-- sh·ong personal ties, I had a very deep interest in the Navy, 1\Ir. LODGE. One moment. I should like to finish what I and my convictions of public policy, uniting with my personal was saying. The Texas was built on Eng1ish plans, which were inclinations, have always led me to support the Navy in every bought by the Secretary of the Navy at that time. She never direction in which it was possible for me to do so. was a good ship. She did good service at Santiago unquestion- I was not in Congress when the new Navy began, for the new ably. She is completely obsolete now, and any inquiry of the Navy was begun under the Administration of President Arthur, Department will satisfy Senators that she never was a first-rate when on the recommendation of Secretary Chandler the 20 per ship. I am not saying this to reflect upon anybody. I was here cent limitation of repairs was put on, thus preventing the con- when Mr. Whitney was Secretary of the Navy. He was an ex tinued rebuilding of the old and worthless wooden ships. The cellent Secretary of the Navy. He promoted the Navy in every 20 per cent limitation ended that. In the Administration of possible way. But the new Navy did not begin then. It began Pre ident Arthur we built the first three ships of the new absolutely with the well-known limitation with respect to the Navy-the Chicago, the Boston, and the Atlanta. The Bos-ton old wooden ships, and the first ' three new modern ships were served with distinction in the battle of Manila, and all three the Chicago, the Boston, and the Atlanta-all in the Navy ships are on the active list of the Navy to-day. to-day. The Texas- and Mai1w were not battle ships under the Mr. McCREARY. Mr. President-- proper definition of the term, but the .Maine was a good ship The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator· from 1\Iassachu- according to the standa.r.d of that time. setts yield to the Senator from Kentucky? 1\Ir. 1\IONEY. Will the Senator from Massachusetts now per- Mr. LODGE. I do. mitme? Mr. :McCREARY. Is it not true that in the Fiftieth Congress Mr. LODGE. Certainly. the first appropriation was made for a battle ship in the United Mr. MONEY. Mr. President, I want to state that I do not States? t~nk the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] intended Mr. LODGE. The first appropriation for a battle ship prop- to reflect on anyone, but I also think he is mistaken when he says the Texas- and the Maine were not battle ships. They erly so called was made in 1890. I was on the committee which were built and classed a.s second-class battle ships, and thev framed the appropriation. It was when Mr. Harrison was h b "' President and Mr. Tracy wa.s Secretary of the Navy. I was on ave een so rated ever smce. If you will consult-- 1\fr. LODGE. I have here a list of the battle ships of the the committee which framed the appropriation for the first three United States, and if the Senator will point out to me the seagoing coast-defense battle ships, heavily armored ships-the Texas among them-- Massachusetts, the Indiana, and the famous Oregon. 1\Ir. MONEY. It may have been dropped out as the Senator Mr. McCREARY. I desire to say to the Senator from Massa- says, as a worthless ship, or it may not have been included in chusetts that I remember very well when Mr. Herbert was th t• I chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House, and is ra mg. But want to say that the Texas was built under during Cleveland's Administration an appropriation was made peculiar circumstances. The fact is that the plans for the Tea:as were brought over here from England, after having been for the first battle ship that was authorized to be constructed. twice submitted to two foreign na.tions and rejected. The plans That was in the Fiftieth Congress. f · h B 1\!r. LODGE. The Senator is entirely mistaken. 1\Ir. Her- were ought over m t e ureau of Construction by the different bert was Secretary of the Navy under 1\Ir. Cleveland's second engineers of the United States, and Mr. Bowles, a young en Administration. The Massachusetts and the Indiana, all good gineer, who afterwards rose to great distinction, advocated the building of the Texas from those plans, and his view was con for the line of battle to-day, were authorized in 1890. I myself tested by all the older officers. Secretary Whitney concluded helped to frame the bill. t B 1 ,.., · d t, d h 1\Ir. McCREARY. I refer to the first Administration. to accep ow e>::> 8 JU gmen an e accepted the plans, and paid for them. He said : l\Ir. LODGE. In President Cleveland's first Administration Since you have advocated this plan~ I will make you responsible for 1\Ir. Whitney was Secretary of the Navy. He was a strong and it, and make you build the ship. good friend of the Navy. No battle ship, properly so called, It has been told to me very frequently, and I believe it, al was built under that Administration; but .the Navy was ad- though I do not know whether it is h·ue or not, that when vanced and so·me large armored cruisers were built. Bowles began to consider the question of flotation connected Mr. PERKINS. I am sure the Senator from Massachusetts with the plans accepted he thought he had undertaken to() wishes to have the record correct. He is not correct. In 1886 much, and he caused the skimping, as they term it, of the tim Congress authorized the building of the battle ship Texas and bers and scantling of the ship. When she went into Hampton the battle ship Maine. Roads she struck an obstruction and her bottom "buckled 1\fr. LODGE. I was going to say, when the Senator inter- up!' She has been repn.ired two or three times since. rupted me, that under Mr. Whitney they built the Tea:as, I want to call the attention of the Senator f.rom 1\Iassa chu~ which was cla:::sed erroneously as a battle ship, which was a setts, who is well informed generally, to the fact that Captain failure and is to-day practically worthless. The Maine was Glass, who commanded the Texas in 189 , said there was not a another armored cruiser. They were armored cruisers. They better fighting ship in our American Navy. Whether she bas - a.---- ..
1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5219
been dropped from the rating of battle ships I do not know. countries represent ships built during a period of years just But slle was in the naval registry as a second-class battle ship. like our own, and when you are comparing navy with navy I am obliged to the Senator from Massachusetts for yielding it does not do to start with the assumption that the enemy's to me. fleet is made up entirely of ships built last year while some l\lr. LODGE. 1\fr. President, I did not rise to discuss the his of ours date back to 1890. tory of the Texas, which is a very unimportant point. It is a Mr. PILES. 1\Ir. President-- ship uniYersally known to be a failure. I meant simply to refer The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BRANDEGEE in the chair). to the past as indicating my own interest in the Navy and as Does the Senator from Massachusetts yield to the Senator from in part explaining why I shall vote in favor of the four-ships Washington? ame:1dment. 1\fr. LODGE. Certainly. I do not so vote because I apprehend war. I know of no men Mr. PILES. I should like to ask the Senator from 1\Ias· ace or tllrP..at of war now impending over the United States. I sachusetts if in his judgment this Government would build any am aware of no war cloud on tlte horizon. No one has informed more ships of the type of the eleven to which I referred? rue of any danger of war, either in my capacity as Senator or Mr. LODGE. I do not know what eleven the Senator re- as a member of the Committee on Foreign Relations. I do not feiTed to. think tllere is any cause to apprehend war with any people or Mr. PILES. I bad a list of them here yesterday. that we haYe any reason to expect that anyone will make l\1r. LODGE. I will take the oldest ships-- war upon us. 1\fr. PILES. Take the ships-- I am quite aware, '''ithout laying any special claim to erudi 1\Ir. LODGE. The Oregon, the Indiana, and Massachusetts. tion, that wars often come unexpectedly. I am also aware Our Navy Department thinks those \essels are good enough to that history shows that some wars have been expected and spend a half a million apiece on them in order to repair them. prepared for. It is no answer to the statement I am making, Mr. PILES. I am not discussing that question. of my personal belief and judgment, that wars occur sud Mr. LODGE. Very well. Then, they must be of some value. denly. I\Ien can only judge from the conditions known to them. I am talking of the very oldest ships on the list. I say those I do not know of any cause to apprehend war at this time, three ships-and I say it on good naval authority-are fit to and I should be very sorry to have it supposed that I was vot take their position in battle line to-day, and they carry very ing for four battle ships, which it will take three years to build, heavy guns. because I expect war or think the country is menaced by war. 1\Ir. PILES. That was not the question. I am asking I am quite aware, as I have said, that wars arise unex whether the Goyernment would build any more ships of that pectedly, and also that wars are expected and prepared for. I type. I do not mean to say that some of those ships are not know of the dangers which exist in this country from the out in condition to take their place, for what they are worth, or break of citizens in given localities and of the prevalence in would not be useful to a certain extent. But when I suggest certain quarters of what is to me the monstrous idea that one that the ships are of an obsolete type I mean that the Govern State can disregard treaty obligations and plunge forty-five ment would not build any more ships of that type, in view of other States into war and that the United States has nothing the character of ships that the other nations of the world are to say about it. building. :Mr. President, I realize the danger which arises from that 1\Ir. LODGE. No one proposes to build ships of the Oregon mistaken state of feeling; but yet I do not believe that there or Indiana type. Those were the best types of that day. They is any present danger of war in that direction. But there is are still useful, effective ships, fit for the battle line. We want no question that the talk about war is liable to produce a now to have the corresponding type built that is the best pos situation from which war may come. If I thought war was sible type to-day. 1\fy point is that other navies extend ol"er an near us, I should not for one moment think of predicting it or equal period of years. Other navies are not made up of Dread· suggesting it on this floor. I should endeavor to the extent of noughts built last year. They range from ships of 1890 down my poor ability to get the Senate to make provision for a war to ships of last year. which I believed imminent, and should say as little about it Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator from Massachusetts in public as possible. Incessant talk and hinting at indica permit me? I do not want to interrupt the Senator. tions of danger from one country or another cou;ntry is the way Mr. LODGE. I yield; certainly. very often that the unexpected war is stimulated and brought 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. With respect to the eleven ships referred on. There is only one thing more ill advised and mischievous, to, I will ask the Senator if it is not true that they are chiefly and that is to sneer at other countries by name and explain useful now for coast defense purposes? that they would not dare to go to war with us or are too poor Mr. LODGE. I do not know what the eleven ships referred to do so. • · to are. I do not reflect on any country. I do not suggest that war is 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. The A.laban,a, fllinois, Indiana Keat· coming from this quarter or from that; nor do I belittle or sneer sarge, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, Wiscon;in, and at any country by doing so. It is wise also to bear in mind what so forth. Hamlet said when be swore his friends to secrecy: 1\Ir. LODGE. Some of those ships whose names the Senator bas read are first-class battle ships, as good as any in the You * * * never shall, With arms encumber'd thus, or this bead-shake, world. . Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase, 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator permit a further inter As "Well, well, we know," or "We could, an' if we would," rogatory? Or "If we list to speak," or "There be, an' if they might," Or such ambiguous giving out, to note Mr. LODGE. Certainly. That you know aught of me. 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. There is not a single one of tho!':e battle Mr. President, I think that sort of indication, or mysterious ships that is of 12,000 tons except the Maine, which is 12,500 hinting at, that shaking the head and looking wise bas very fre tons. Some of them are as low as 10,300 tons. quently just as much effect in giving the impression of the dan 1\fr. LODGE. I am aware of that. ger of war as the direct statement, and I feel strongly inclined 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator, I hope, does not think, be at the moment to go on with Hamlet's speech and say as be cause my information from high naval authority is to the says a mom~nt later: contrary, that they are equal to the best battle ships of the world? Rest, rest, perturbed spirit! 1\fr. LODGE. Well, Mr. President, I do not intend to com .: Mr. President, wars are fostered and brought on by loose talk pete in naval knowledge with the Senator from Indiana. I about the dangers of war, and as a member of the Foreign Re have studied it for a great many years, and I can only give lations Committee, who takes some pains to keep himself in my best judgment. formed on such subjects, I want to disclaim any such idea in any 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator permit me? yote that I give. Mr. LODGE. I shall go on when the Senator is through. Also, Mr. President, I do not want it supposed that I vote Mr. BEVERIDGE. I wish to ask a question, if the Senator as I do because I think our Navy weak or insufficient. I do does not object to being interrupted. not agree with the Senator from Washington [1\fr. PILES] that Mr. LODGE. No; the Senator can ask any question. we have eleven obsolete ships. We have some ships begun in Mr. BEVERIDGE. With of course only the limited knowl· 1890 that are not in speed and in improvements up to the edge that I have on this subject, but which I acquired di standard of the ships built last year. There is no doubt about rectly and quite recently from the highest naval authority in that. But those ships in 1890, I am told on the best naval this country, I understand that all the ships I have named are authority, are perfectly able to take their place in the battle of an out-of-date type, and further that of these the Alabama line to-day. When Senators make that statement about obso Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, and Oregon are not with lete ships they seem to forget that the lists of ships of other the fleet but are being overhauled. 5220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APn.IL 25,
Mr. LODG-E. They .are now being repaired. ' .Place my vote on no other ground. I deprecate .any debate lUr. BEVERIDGE. Is it not true that the Massachusetts, · which .reflects in the remotest way on friendly nations, which which the Senator from Maine said yest-erday -rras with the · would intimat-e in an.y wn;y that we nre building ships in order fleet on its cruise, is now dismantled in the navy-yard? to fight somebody in the future. Nothing could tend to ,bring Mr. LODGE. On the Indiana the repairB are nearly com- on the "·ery wa1· that we do not w.a.nt more than such cha1- pleted. I think the other two .are under repair~ lenges as that. There are abundant reasons and good reasons Mr. BEVERIDGE. I shall not interrupt the Senator further now, in my judgment, for making our Navy powerful, for in at this time. I have the information myself dil'ectly and im- creasing it particula.rly in this branch of the Dreadnoughts, mediately, which I shall present later. without rising up here to flutter the wings of war in the faces :Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, this argument proceeds :as if of the other nations of the earth. the navies of the rest of the world had no ships of types that Mr. President, I wish to disclaim any knowledge which would bave been improv-ed, asH they had nothing but ships built last lead me to Yote war appropriations for the Navy. I have not year. Their fleets extend over a similar period. ·sought to pry into the confidence of the Executive. I do not Moreover, it is by no means a settled fact that the ship of think that his special message was lightly sent. I believe it great size is going to prove the best fighting ship. Admiral was sent with a gra1e sen e of respon ibility~ I know no more Capps and Admiral C<>nverse, both men of gr.eat experience .and about it than all the world or than those who heard it read, knowledge-! think superior, probably, as experts t'O anyone and I giv-e it Tery great weight, indeed. here-said in the Senate committee hearing that they would One hundred years ago, Ir. President, a distinguished prede as lief command the S
Mr. PILES. Mr. President-- France has only 93 all told ; Germany has 56 12 and 13 inch The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California guns on her battle ships, building and all told. Japan has, all yield to the Senator from Washington? told, building and built, 68. The United States therefore has l\Ir. PERKINS. With pleasure. more than double the number guns that Japan has. I will place Mr. PILES. I should like to inquire of the Senator from the statement in the RECORD for reference. California what criticism I made of the Committee on Naval The statement referred to is as follows. Affairs? Twelve and thirteen in,ch guns o1• battle ships. Mr. PERKINS. By their inaction in not giving four battle GREA.T BRITAIN. 12-inch. 13-inch. ships instead of two. Built ------162 32 Mr. PILES. I made no criticism of the Naval Committee. 0 Building ------.· -60 Mr. PERKINS. By inference, certainly. Tot::LI______2.22 32 Mr. PILES. I have no objection to the Senator voting against Grand total, 254. four battle ships if he thinks they are unnecessary, but I do ob UNITED STATES. 12-inch. 13-inch. ject to the Senator putting something in my mouth which I did Built ------68 32 not say or endeavoring to make it appear that I have criticised Buililing ------36 0 the Nav-al Committee of the Senate. I made no criticism of Total ------104 32 the Naval Committee. I stated the reasons why I concluded Grand total, 136. to v-ote for four battle ships, and if that is criticism of the ll'll.A.NCE. 12-inch. 13-inch. Naval Committee I am unable to understand it. Built ------46 15 1\Ir. PERKINS. I am very sorry I misunderstand the Sen Building ------32 0 ator. I am glad to know he approves of the action of the Com Total------78 15 mittee on Nav-al Affairs and that by inference he will now v-ote Grand total, 93. with the committee. · GERMANY. 12-incb. 11-inch. 1\Ir. PILES. I ha-re not said that I approved of the conduct of Built (no 12 or 13 inch) ------0 56 the Committee on Naval Affairs in reporting four battle ships. Building ------40 8 I did not consider it was my place to criticise the Committee on Totli------40 64 Na-val Affairs any more than I considered it the duty of the Sen Grand total, 104. ator from California to criticise Senators who have lately taken JAPAN. 12-inch. 13-inch. their seats in this body. Built ------40 0 1\Ir. PERKINS. Certainly I am not criticising anyone ad Building ------28 0 -versely, but I want to commend the labor of the Committee on Naval Affairs in the Senate, of all excepting myself, for I have Total------68 0 had the honor of being a member of that committee for fifteen 1\fr. Sl\IOOT. Mr. President-- years, and during that time there has been no minority report The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California ever presented to Congress. They have taken up the question, yield to the Senator from Utah? giving it evel'Y consideration possible, and the result of their l\Ir. PERKI.l~S. With pleasure. in-vestigations and deliberations has been what they believed 1\Ir. SMOOT. I understood the Senator from California to to be for the best interests of the Nav-y and the honor of our say that the United States is the second naval power in the country. world. The Senator from Washington certainly pictured the defense Mr. PERKINS. It is the second naval power in the world. less condition of the Pacific coast, and it is that, perhaps, which Mr. SMOOT. I should like to ask the Senator whether he prompts me at this time to make a response to his criticism in thinks she should ren1ain the second naval power in the world? that respect. Parenthetically, I want to say I received a letter Mr. PERKINS. I do, 1\Ir. President; and I think we should this morning from a friend in Seattle stating that there were be proud of that position. . fifteen ships of war anchored in Puget Sound, near the home of Mr. SMOOT. Then I would like to ask the Senator this my friend from Washington. There were fifteen ships of war question: Suppose Germany to-day has authorized or will au there on last Saturday. Certainly, Mr. President, they are not thorize four battle ships each year until the year 1917 of the in a very defenseless condition on Puget Sound. Dreadnought type. How does the Senator expect the United When I became a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs States to hold her position as the second naval power in the there was not, 1\Ir. President, a single battle ship in commission. world if we do not build battle ships equal to the other nations As has been stated, the Texas had been authorized, the Maine that are now lower than we are in the scale? had been authorized, and several others had been authorized to Mr. PERKINS. The Senator from Indiana yesterday ven be built, but there was not a single one afloat, and none went tured into the domain of prophecy and it has not redotmded, into commission until the Maine went into commission. The judging from the speeeh of my friend from Rhode Island, to his Maine and Texas were commissioned in 1895, the cruiser New credit. My friend from Utah should profit by his example, per York in 18!)3, the Oregon, Massachusetts, and Indiana in 1896, haps, and not prophesy what Germany is going to do. As a and the Iowa and B1·ooklyn in 1897. matter of fact, she has not authorized those ships. It is a In 1 93 the naval appropriations amounted to $23,611,000. newspaper story and there is no authentic record that she has \Ve had outlined a programme that had been inaugurated by done so. Secretary Chandler and was carried out by Secretary Whitney Mr. HALE. I will say to the Senator from Utah that we and by his successors in office. We believed that plan of devel have to-clay nothing authentic about the future programme of oping our Navy would give us one second to none in the world. Germany. We do not yet know what that programme is. \Ve belie-ve we have accomplished that, Mr. President, and Mr. SMOOT. The reason why I asked the question is because to-day this bill, instead of $23,611,000, as it did in 1893, carries I ha-re been informed, and from a source that I thought was ab $123,000,000, in round numbers, for the building up of the Navy. solutely reliable, that the order for those battle ships has been In 1893 we rated as the fifth naval power in the world. To-day made, and that they will be built. I may be mistaken. I sim we are the second naval power in the world, and with ships and ply asked the question, basing the question upon the belief that armament equal to that of any in the world. those ships had been ordered and would be built. There is one phase of this question which has not been pre Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- sented here, and that is the number of guns that the ships carry. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California A ship without gtms is as useless as "a painted ship upon a painted ocean," so far as being for offensive or defensive pur yield to the Senator from Indiana? poses is concerned. The question of the guns has not been spo Mr. PERKINS. With pleasure. ken of at all. It is the keystone of the efficiency, effectiveness, Mr. BEVERIDGE. I will state again that my statement yeso and power of our Navy. terday, which I read from the paper I held in my hand, was ·I want to state the armament of 12 and 13 inch guns on our furnished to me as an authentic statement from the highest pos battle ships that we have and those of Great Britain, France, sible authority on naval matters that we can get. I think that Germany, and Japan. the opinion of the world is that that is true. Great Britain has built of 12-inch guns 162, 32 13-inch guns, Now, one point more. The Senator from California says that and is building 60 12-inch guns, making a total of 222 guns. we are the second naval power in the world. 'l'he United States has built 68 :12-inch guns, 32 13-inch guns, Mr. PERKINS. I do. and is now building 36 12-inch guns, making a total of 136 all Mr. BEVERIDGE. I ask the Senator if that is not arrived told. at by merely considering tonnage? 5222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25,
1\lr. PERKINS. My authority is Lord Brassey's Annual, who .1\Ir. PERKINS. Certainly. is a recognized authority on naval affairs throughout the world. Mr. BEVERIDGE. Is it so much a question whether we 1\ly second authority is that of the Navy Department of the ha\e obsolete ships, as other nations also have obsolete shipsl United States Government. as it is a question whether or not we ha\e ships in pro 1\lr. BEVERIDGE. The statement that we are the second portionate number of the latest type at all compaTable to other naval power in the world I have looked into a little bit in the nations? The Navy, as I take it, in a common-sense view, is last forty-eight hours, and the estimate is made merely by plac not to be reckoned by the number of ships or the tonnage, but ing the respective tonnage of the -various nations in amount, we by its effective fighting strength compared with that of other appearing the second. If you remove what is termed by -very nations. competent men, who give their lives to the subject-of course, I I have before me here, and I do not want to vex the Senator's know nothing about it, as compared with what the Senator from patience, a list of the most modern battle ships of the other California does, personally-the ships that are now practically countries of the world and also our own, and according to that obsolete and to be used for coast defense purposes and the other statement we are in an uncomfortably inferior position. tonnage that is useful for nothing, that place is of course wiped Mr. HALE. The Senator has got it all wrong. out. l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I have it merely from information that If the third fact be considered-that is to say, if it is true, is the highe t I can get. and it is the weight of all the naval authority I can get hold of ·Mr. HALE. So have I. (and I am merely stating their opinion), it is recognized all 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. If the Senator from Maine has higher over the world that since the Rus ~ o-Japanese war the type of information, of course I will not ·dispute it. I must take the the fighting ship is the D1·eadnought, or the eighteen and twenty best informatiOJ;l I can get. thousand ton ship. Therefore, from that point of view, as a Mr. PERKINS. 1\fr. President, I was about to say that I matter of fighting strength and not merely of paper tonnage, think I am in full accord with the proposition as to these battle we are not the second power in the world, but more nearly the ships. In his message to the first session of the Fifty-ninth fifth. Congress the President stated as follows: On that particular statement I tried to get the opinion this We have most wisely continued for a number of years to build up morning, and succeeeded in doing so, of what the nation has a ou~ Navy, and it has now reached a fairly high standard of efficiency. right to accept as the most competent naval opinion in the Th1s standard of efficiency must not only be maintained, but increased. world. It does not seem to me necessary, however, that the Navy should- at least in the immediate future--be increased beyond the present number Mr. PERKINS. Does the Senator challenge my statement of of units. "What is now clearly necessary is to substitute efficient for the number of guns carried in the battle ships? inefficient units as the latter become worn-out or as it becomes ap Mr. BEVERIDGE. I do not challenge any statement the parent .that t~?ey are useless. Probably the result would be attained by addmg a smgle battle ship to our Navy each year, the supe~:seded Senator makes. Any statement the Senator makes I will or out-worn vessels being laid up or broken up as they are thus replaced. accept. Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President-- That we ha\e been doing. The President again stated in his The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California message in the second session of the Fifty-nintl:i Congress, on yield to the Senator from Utah? December 3, 1906 : Mr. PERKINS. Certainly; we want all the light we can get I do not ask that we continue to increase our Navy. I ask merely that it be maintained at its present strength, and this can be done if on this subject. we replace the obsolete and out-worn ships by new and good ones, the Mr. SMOOT. As far as I am personally concerned, I think equal of any afloat in any navy, a number of our ships are obsolete. I also think that the ques tion of tonnage cuts very little figure in this discussion, for no Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- doubt every other naval power in the world has obsolete ships The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator fTom California yield to the Senator from Indiana? as well as we. 1\Ir. PERKINS. In a moment. But what I want to ask the Senator is, If it be true that Ger many has ordered the four f:ihips built each year until the year 1\Ir. President, we carried out the President's policy. In 190G 1917 of the D 'readnought type, would the Senator, then, be in we built two ships, when the President said but one would be favor of the United States building four ships at this time or necessary, and in 1907 we authorized an appropriation for two only two? ships, when the President said that only one would be neces ary. Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I am in favor of the naval This year we are appropriating for two battle ships in this bill programme laid down not only by this Administration, but by as it comes from the Committee on Naval Affairs. That makes the three previous Administrations and carried out by the Com six ships, counting one ship for 1906, one for 1907, and the four mittees on Naval Affairs in both the House of Representatives he recommends now. Now I yield to the Senator from Indiana. and in the Senate, and approved of generally by the Depart 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator from California has read ment; and I want to say that it is approved of by the Presi from the President's messages of former times. dent, notwithstanding the special message that came in the Mr. PERKINS. Only in the last Congress. other day. Mr: BEVERIDGE. The last Congress expired over a year In passing I wish to say that I had a feeling at least kin ago. I call the Senator's attention to the fact, as he will see dred to resentment when the charge was made by my friend in a moment, that the President in his special message gi\es from Indiana yesterday that those who did not vote for four the reasons why he departs from that view. battle ships in accordance with the recommendation of the Mr. PERKINS. But have we not ah·eady built six ships? President and his special message were not loyal to our Gov Mr. BEVERIDGE. The President thinks we should have ernment, and certainly did not show a proper respect for the four more, or, of course, he would not have sent his special President of the United States as Commander in Chief of the message. Navy. Mr. President, no one has greater admiration or respect Concerning the other matter about which I am speaking, for the President of the United States than I have. I honor since the Senator made that point I have recei-ved a list of the him for his great ability. I honor him for his high character effective fighting ships of the best type of this and other coun and for his integrity of purpose. Therefore, because we do not tries, and that list, which I shall probably refer to later, agree with him on a simple business proposition as to whether shows-- we shall build two or four ships, it is unfair in my friend from 1\Ir. PERKINS. Will the Senator please giye me their kinds, Indiana to say that we are not showing proper respect to the the number of guns they carry, and their caliber? Commander in Chief of our Navy. Mr. BEVERIDGE. It does not show the guns. It gives the Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- names of the ships and their tonnage. '!'hey are along the line The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California of the D 'readnought class. yield to the Senator from Indiana? Mr. HALE. 1\fr. President-- Mr. PERKINS. With pleasure. The VICE-PRESIDE~TT. Does the Senator from California Mr. BEVERIDGE. Of course the Senator will find that I yield to the Senator from Maine? said no such thing as that. I am not responsible for any-- Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. 1\fr. PERKINS. The Senator did in his impassioned appeal Mr. HALE. There is but one ship on the waters of the yesterday. If he did not, then I can not understand the English world of the D1·eadnought type. That is the British D1·cad language. nought. It takes years to construct such a ship. There are 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. Very well; then let the Senator take that talks and rumors about programmes. as his impression. I will not go into that now, but later. I The Senator from Indiana cited France. France has adopted wish simply to call the attention of the Senator, if he will per no such large programme as the Senator indicates, nor has mit me, to another point. Germany, and it will be years before any other great ships of 1908 .. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. 5223 that kind will be put on the waters of the globe. We will get The list of the vessels in Admiral Dewey's fleet in the battle ours on as quickly as any other nation; and when it is assumed of Manila Bay is as follows : that we are behind in this type it is a mistake, for we are no Tonnage. more behind than is any other nation. We are keeping up our Olympia------Pl'OtectedBaltimore______cruiser do ______4,5, 415870 Navy, we have kept it up, and will keep it up without being dragooned into an extreme and expensive programme at a par ticular time. ~~!~~~--=--=-=--=--=---=--=----=--=--=-----=--=------=---=--=----=------======~~==== 1~: 6gg 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President, with the Senator's in ~~fr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-=-~=~=-=-=-=-=~-=--=--=-~======~~~~~~=-=- ' 11~ dulgence- hlr. President, with that na¥y we won our great battle at The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California Manila. We won our battles with Spain on that appropriation yield to the Senator from Indiana? of $49,000,000 in the construction of new vessels, while since Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. If the committee are wrong on then, as I ha\e said, we have appropriated $260,101,190. Dewey this proposition, we want to be set aright. at Manila ha.d not a single battle ship under his command, and :Mr. BEVERIDGE. I think the committee itself will admit had not, I think, a ship of 6,000 tons. He had the Olympia, the Baltimore, the Raleigh, the Boston, the Concord, and the that the statement of tlle Senator from :Maine, that there is Pet1·el, ranging from 5,870 tons down to 892 tons ; and yet he only one ship in the world of the Dreadnought type, is not ac won one of the most gallant naval victories in the history of curate. this or any other country. 1\Ir. HALE. On water? As to the comparison of the strength of our Navy with that • Mr. BEVERIDGE. Yes, sir; on water. of other nations, I will read from remarks I made in the Senate Mr. HALE. Where is she? some few days since, containing statistics which were carefully Mr. BEVERIDGE. In England. The Tenteraire and the compiled and which I know to be correct; or they were col'l'ect Bellerophon are both of heavier tonnage. The ones I named at the time the speech was made, and are so still, unless some yesterday are building; they are on the stocks or are au other authority, which my friend from Indiana can produce, thorized. France has seven larger than the Dt·eaclnought. On shall p1·ove the contrary. My statement was: 1908 21,000 the programme for are six of tons. THE UXITED STATES SECOND IN NAVAL STRENGTH• .Mr. HALE. When the Senator talks about programmes he has not got the legally authorized construction. He has merely It is the opinion of the writer o:f the above- got the programme. That was Lord Brassey- Mr. BEVERIDGE. Well, the first I mentioned was not merely and of many experienced naval men that the only true basis of compari the programme, but a thing actually in being. So far as the in son is total displacement modified by con-sideration of age. If this basis is adopted and comparison is made with the naval strength of the other formation is concerned, howe.-er, it is the same information and pl'incipal nations of the world, the United States is found to be second from the same source from which the committee itself had to only to Great Britain. The relative order of tonnage of effective fighting get any information which it got. vessels stands as follows : But I do not want to take the Senator's time further. I Tonnage. Great Britain ------ 1,633,116 merely wanted to call attention to the fact that the Senator was United States------611,616 not quite accurate when he said that there was only one Dread France------ 609, 07!) f'IOttght on the waters, because there are se\eral now, according Germany ------ 529,032 Japan ------ 374,701 to this information. The paper I hold in my hand is .a careful Russia ------,------ 232,943 verification of the statements made from the information I gave Italy ------ 207,632 yesterday; and, so far as information c.an be given to the Senate Austrta ------113,235 which will command its respect and credence, certainly, if this According to the Bureau of Navigation, the tonnage of all naval ves is not correct, then no correct information can be had. I shall sels built or building November 1. 1907, shows France in the second place, with 836,112 tons, against 771,758 for the United States, and if refer to this later. I am \ery much obliged to the Senator from we authorize two battle ships of the Dread,nou,ght type the figures for California for his patience. the United States will be increased to about 812,000 tons, leaving France still second in tonnage on the sea. But these figures are, in a Mr. PERKINS. l\Ir. President, from 1883 to 1892 we made way, deceptive, for they include coast-defen.se vessels. appropriathms which were expended in the construction of new vessels amounting to $49,258,000, as follows: I call my friend's attention to that especially. They are "deceptive, for they include coast-defense vessels"- COXSTRUCTIO!'l AUTHORIZED. which are not designed for cruising, and consequently should not figure 1883 ______in our computation of strength on the high seas. If we eliminate these $2, 440,000 we shall have 766,666 tons for the United States and 762,812 for 1885------2,967,000 France, leaving us still second by a small ma.rgin. But if we compute 1886------1887 ______6,834,000 the strength of line-of-battle ships-the true fighting strength of the 5,386,000 Navy-including battle ships and armored cruisers, we shall find a still 1888------1889 ______9,191,000 greater margin in our favor. 1890 ______1,567,000 12,187,000 I challenge my friend to contradict or disprove that state 1891------1892 ______2, 690, 000 ment. It was made up and carefully compiled in the Navy 5,996,000 Department, and I believe it to be correct. Total------'------49,258,000 Mr. President, we all have but one object in view, that which is for the best interests of the country; and I believe the policy Since then we have .appropriated $260,101,190, as follows: that has been inaugurated in the programme I have outlined is a wise one. The only difference to-day on this whole ques Texas: tion is simply as to which is the best business policy. AuthorizedCommissioned ------______.:-______18861895 I will ask the Senator from Indiana a question. I should Maine: like to have him remain to answer it now. He brushed aside Authorirred ------1886 my inquiry yesterday in regard to the lack of officers. When I Commissioned------·------1895 New York (armored cruiser) : said the Secretary of the Navy had testified before the com Authorized ------1888 mittee of the House of Representatives that we were 1,846 offi Commissioned------1893 cers short even to officer our present ships, he replied to me Oregon: that, if we would only promote those we have in the service, it .Authorized ------1890 Commissioned------1896 would provide an abundance. I find that we have .at the Naval Massachusetts : . Academy 852 midshipmen, and there are 312 midshipmen at AutbPrized ------1890 sea, making 1,164 midshipmen all told; and some of them had Commissioned------1896 Indiana: only been in the .A.ca,demy a year or less. Even if we should Authorized ------1890 promote every one of them, no one for a moment would contend Commissioned------1895 that they are capable of taking the positions of officers on ship Iowa: board, any more than a nurse or an interne in a hospital i~ Authorirred ------1892 Commissioned------1897 capable of taking the place of the chief surgeon or physician Brooklyn (armored cruiser) : of the hospital. No one would for a moment think them capa Authorized ------1892 ble of it. I want to know how and by what mathematics the Commissioned------1897 '.rotal cost of all vessels built or building______$309, 359, 190 Senator can solve this _problem and provide sufficient officers Vessels authorized up to 1893------~------49, 258, 000 for these ships? It is a physical impossibility, e--ren w!thout making allowance for death, resignation, or other cause of de Vot~d on------260,101,190 pletion. 5224 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25,
Mr. BEVERIDGE. I will answer that only by the informa understand that on each one of the ships now on the cruise tion furnished by the Department itself-as I have said time there are twenty or more midshipmen, and e-very one of them and again I have no personal knowledge on the subject-which has completed the course ·at the Academy. is that if the personnel legislation, which has been urged upon 1\fr. PERKINS. 1\Ir. President, I am an enthusiast on the C~ngreliis for now, I believe, four or five years and has been the increase of the Navy, and my vote and my influence, if I have subject of at least two messages from the President-if I am any, have been toward the building up of the Navy. I claim wron"' the Senator will correct me-had been passed we should that we are working on the proper lines in building up a great have "'an abundance of officers. I took occasion yesterday to Navy. From being the fifth in rank when I had the honor of read somewhat from that message of the President and to cite first becoming a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs, the crying nece~sity for additional legis.lati~m. I q~oted fro~ we have to-day reached the position of the second naval power his message respecting the ages of captaills ill our Navy and ill in the world. other navies of the world. I am informed-and, as I say, I I differ from some of my colleagues as to the advisability of can only take that information-that the Department itself the mission of the fleet to the Pacific coast. I think it was a thinks that we have an abundance ·of officers if Congress will wise departure from the routine that has heretofore prevailed only enact the personnel legislation which the Departm_ent to send them around to the Pacific coast. It gives an oppor asks and the President urges, and, further, that by the trme tunity of maneuvering the ships at sea, of disciplining, and these four ships, if we should determine to build them, would training the officers and men; and the expense is not so much be completed we should have plenty of officers graduated from more than it would be if the ships were cruising up and down 1 the Naval Academy to command them. · the Atlantic coast. ·The only actual extra expense there can be 1'.!!·. PERKINS. We only graduate from about 175 to 200 is the cost of tTansporting coal in colliers to supply the ships on annually from the Academy. It would take nine years even to the voyage around to the Pacific coast. fill up the present deficiency. 1\fy views on the increase of the Navy have been shared by 1\ir BEVERIDGE. The estimate of the Department, as the members of that committee; and, 1\Ir. President, I want to given. me yesterday, was that we would have substanti?-llY repeat what I said before, that there has never been a minority 800 new "'raduates that could be made into officers by the time report during the eleven years I have been a member of that the ships,could possibly be completed. That is all I know. committee. It has been wholly nonpartisan. Our Democratic Mr. PERKINS. There is no question, Mr. President, but friends haye vied with the Republicans in voting for measures that there is not an ensign in the Navy who would not like to that 1yould build up our Navy, and to-day the result of our ef be promoted to a lieutenant; no lieutenant who would not like forts in that line, I think, is apparent on looking at the register to be promoted to a commander; no commander who would of the yessels which we have to-day in the service. not like to be promoted to a captain, and no captain who would The voyage of the battle ships to the Pacific coast is a won not like to be promoted to the grade of admiral; but the ques derful event in the history of our Navy, and I think it has had tion is, Are they qualified to discharge those high and important a good moral influence. Where they stopped at ports in South duties? America there has been evidence of good fellowship and comity l\fr. FORAKER. Mr. President, before the Senator leaves between the nations of South America and the United States. that, for it is a very interesting point, I should like to know, I think the cruise of the fleet to the Pacific coast has reflected assuming that all that might be done, where would we get the great credit on the Navy. Their target practice in l\fagdalena subordinate officers, except only from the midshipmen, who Bay has been of great value. They have demonstrated very would then be qualified to hold any kind of commission? As I high efficiency as marksmen. Their marksmanship has been und-erstood the statement the Senator from California made a equaled by that of no navy in the world; indeed it exceeds few moments ago, it was to the effect that there are, all told, that of all other navies of which I have any knowledge. I only about 1,100 midshipmen. think, when they make the cruise up that coast from San Mr. PERKINS. One thousand one hundred and sixty-four. Diego to Puget Sound, that it will be productive of great benefit l\fr. FORAKER. Some of those have been in the Academy to the men and officers on those ships; and wherever they may less than a year, and certainly they would not be qualified for go from there the voyage will be- of great benefit, and they will the command of a ship. profit by their experience. l\fr. BEVERIDGE. Oh, no. Mr. FORAKER. And I do not see how by this personnel The proposition as to whether we shall build two.battle ships bill we are to work such effective results as an increase of or four battle ships, Mr. President, as I said before, is simply nearly 2,000 in the number of officers necessary to give each a -question of business policy. I believe it the part of wisdom ship now in commission a proper complement of officers. It for us to profit by the mistakes of other countries and benefit will be remembered that in 1899 we passed a naval personnel by our own experience. The ships that we built twenty years 100 bill. It was framed, if I mistake not, in accordance with sug ago have all been stricken off of the list. We have to-day gestions from the President. Certainly, as I understood at the fighting ships of over a thousand tons and none of them over time and have understood ever since, it had his entire appro 20 years old. Of course everyone who is conv-ersant with bati~n · but we have all learned, very much to our regret, that maritime affairs realizes there must be expense each year in that bill which it was thought would accomplish this pur keeping them up, but there is no more on ships in active service, pose so ~ffectually, has failed to accomplish this purpose, and with their engines working, their boilers being fired, if they we are still in the very unsatisfactory _situation of having more are properly cared for, their electrical appliances and other ships to-day than we have officers to command them, the defi apparatus being used and kept in order, than there is if they ciency being almost 2,000. were tied up at navy-yards. With our 38,000 blue jackets and Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator from Ohio asked me a ques 8,000 marines, 46,000 men in all in the Navy, and ?ur 3,000 tion. Of course, my only answer to that would be, first, that officers, it seems to me that they 01,1ght to be kept gorng some it is not proposed by any human being that I know of t? pro where on just such a voyage as the fleet is now making. mote midshipmen to captaincies or even to commandersh1ps or My friend from the Puget .Sound country [l\Ir. PILES] is anything of that kind-- fearful that we are in a defenseless condition. I want to say 1\Ir. FORAKER. I suppose to lieutenants or ensigns. that the Secretary of the Navy informed me that, prior to the Mr. BEVERIDGE. But to promote them to be officers and arrival of the Atlantic fleet, which consists of 16 battle ships, then let them go up in the various grades according to experi we had on the Pacific coast 2 battle ships, 8 armored cruisers, ence and seniority and all that sort of thing. I am informed 1 harbor-defense vessel, 9 protected cruisers, 3 torpedo-boat also by the Department that each ship-- destroyers, 5 torpedo boats, and 2 submarines. .Mr. FORAKER. But the point was, if the Senator will allow Mr. PILES. Let me ask the Senator what battle ships they me to interrupt him, and the Senator from California does not were? · complain, that if we were to promote every midshipman in the Mr. PERKINS. The battle ships on the Pacific coast were Academy, those who have been there less than a year, as well the Nebraska and the 1-Visoonsin. · as those who are soon to be graduated from there, we should Mr. PILES. The Wisconsin, as I understand, was in dry still be short practically a thousand officers. Where would the dock for repairs, and the Nebraska was just fitting out. necessary number come from? No personnel bill has provided Mr. PERKINS. The Nebraska had been built at Puget that we shall make commissioned officers in the Navy from Sound. civil life. · 1\Ir. PILES. It was just completed, and all her crew was Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President, the answer to that is the not aboard the vessel. same of course, that I have made to the Senator from Cali Mr. PERKINS. I want to say, 1\fr. President, that the Naval forni~, that the Department believes that if the naval personnel Committees .in Congress through their recommendations have bill were enacted, there would be an abundance ·of officers. I not neglected the Pacific coast. We have had built ~n the 191)8. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. 5225
Pacific coast the Nebmska, the Ohio, the Oregon, the Wisconsin, because no nation at war with us could attack the Pacific coast all first-class battle ships. Of armored cruisers, there were without having some base of supplies and a rendezvous tl!ere. built on the Pacific coast the California and the South Dakota; That was one of the principal reasons why I voted for liberal and two better ships than the Oalifomia and the South Dakota appropriations for fortifying the island and for a naval station can not be found in the world in the armored-cruiser class. Of there. That was one of the reasons why I cast my vote for the the protected cruisers, the Milwaukee, the Olympia, the San annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. 'I'hey Franoisco, and the Tacoma were built on the Pacific coast ; and, have been a source of revenue to us and not a disappointment in addition to that, we have had submarine vessels, torpedo-boat or a care or an anxiety as the Philippine Islands ha\e been. de troyers, and torpedo boats. The Pacific coast is well pro The Philippine Islands, of course, came to us as the result of tected. If we had 100 more vessels, I do not see how it would a great war. We were very magnanimous in that war. After a vail us if the Commander in Chief should order them to other our Navy had wiped out the Spanish fleet, we sent home to parts of the world-to .Asiatic waters, for instance. Spain, in our own transports, all of her prisoners, and we Mr. SMOOT. 1\Ir. President-- paid $20,000,000 as a peace offering for the Philippines. This The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California great American people has always been magnanimous to a yield to the Senator from Idaho? fallen foe. Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. As has been stated so well by the Senator from Massachu Mr. SMOOT. I should like to ask the Senator if he thinks setts [Mr. LoDGE], there is no more danger of war with any that our Navy is large enough properly to defend the Atlantic foreign country than there is of our having any other great coast and also the Pacific coast? catastrophe of which there is no warning given to us. I be 1\Ir. PERKINS. Mr. President, we do not use battle ships to lieve, · Mr. President, that this naval appropriation bill is a defend our coasts. We use them as vessels of offense and de liberal one and meets the approval of the people generally. I fense--offense principally. We have fortified our ports on the believe that the construction of two battle ships will carry out Atlantic and we are doing so on the Pacific coast. This year the programme we have heretofore planned and will be pro we have appropriated only $8,000,000 for fortifications and ord ductive of the very best results. nance, while the Department recommended $38,000,000. I think I want to say, in regard to the cruise of our ships to foreign it is better to put the money into forts and fortifications and sub countries, that I look upon the voyage of this great naval fleet marine torpedoes than it is to put it into battle ships for the not only as promoting good fellowship and comity between the defense of ports. nations, but as promoting respect for the American :flag. When 1\Ir. SMOOT. I simply asked the question for information, as a sailor boy I reached a foreign port and saw, as I did see, the and I always get it from the Senator, because I know he has Stars and Stripes waving over the office of the American con had a great deal of experience along this line. sul, I felt almost as l\foses did when he drew near the burn l\lr. PERKINS. Mr. President, with torpedo-boat destroyers, ing bush, that I had gazed upon holy ground. By the narrow submarine mines, and torpedoes as an auxiliary to our forts, policy our Government has pursued toward our merchant ships there can be no better defense. San Francisco is one of the we have virtually wiped them off the sea, and to-day it is well best fortified ports in the United States, second only to New for us and well for the honor of our country that we should York; and we hope to have Puget Sound, where my friend from send our naval ships into foreign ports, so that other nations Washington [Mr. PILES] lives, amply protected. We have pro may see, honor, and respect our :flag. vided nearly two and a half million dollars or three million This bill also has been liberal to the officers of the Navy and dollars for the fortifications on Puget Sound. the men. It has increased the pay of the officers of the Navy Mr. PILES. The Senator would not say that it is suf one-fifth-20 per cent-more than we have been paying them. It increases the pay of the men of the Navy 10 per cent. It ficiently fortified at the present time, would he? offers prizes, and in that respect we have followed Englund. 1\fr. PERKINS. I think it is not, and therefore I cheerfully England appropriated £5,000 or more last year for prizes for gave my vote to provide for the proposed fortifications. marksmanship. I believe that instead of increasing the ap Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, I desire to ask the Senator propriation so as to provide for four battle ships we should a question. put the money into new guns and the improvement of our navy The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California yards, as we have already done in respect to the appropriation yield to the Senator from North Carolina? for the Bremerton navy-yard. I believe in building up every Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. navy-yard in the country and in improving our coaling stations. Mr. OVERL\IAN. I do not think I exactly understood the We have provided in this bill for building one of the battle Senator in another part of his speech, and I wish to ask him ships in a navy-yard and one of the colliers in a navy-yard, how many battle ships are there now under construction? to be built of American material by American mechanics, built Mr. PERKINS. How many have we all told? under the Stars and Stripes, vessels which shall carry the col 1\fr. OVERMAN. How many in process of construction at ors of our country to foreign countries, where people must re the present time? spect it if they know the great power that is back of it. Mr. PERKINS. We have and have under contract twenty In this discussion our friends, including the Senator from nine battle ships. There are four of those now under construc Indiana, have not made one reference to the great Hague Con tion, which are not completed, or at least not placed in com ference. We twice there tried to do away with war. 'Ve be mission. With the completion of the two ships provided for in lieve in arbitration. The President has sent to us from time this naval appropriation bill, we shall have thirty-one battle to time arbitration treaties. At the Hague Conference twenty ships. eight nations signed conventions to commit differences of cer tain classes to arbitration rather than to appeal to arms. Only Mr. OVERMAN. There are four under construction. Does a few years ago a treaty submitted to arbitration a question that include armored cruisers? of the greatest and most vital importance to this nation, espe Mr. PERKINS. Four battle ships have not yet been commis cially to us of the great Northwest, and that was with respect sioned, but are under construction. to the boundary line between Alaska and Canada. It was a Mr. du PONT. Mr. President-- question which greatly agitated the minds of our people. If it The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California had not been for the wise counsel of that Commission, of which 'yield to the Senator from Delaware? the distinguished Senator from Massachusetts was a member, Mr. PERKINS. Certainly. which went to London and arrived at a decision satisfactory Mr. du PONT. I will ask the Senator if he does not think to both parties, dire results might have eventuated. It was the Pacific coast would be better defended by proper fortifica reason, it was deliberation, it was patriotism, it was love of our tions at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands? That would country and our institutions and humanity that caused us to make an admirable naval base. submit the question to arbitration. It resulted in benefit to us 1\lr. PERKINS. I think they would be a valuable auxiliary all. to the defense of the Pacific coast, Mj.'. President, and this So I believe, instead of increasing our Navy more than we naval appropriation bill has in it an appropriation of $1,000,000 have under this programme, we should carry out that which to provide a coaling station at Pearl Harbor, in the Island of has been recommended by your committee, after weeks of con Oahu, near Honolulu, and we provided in the fortifications sideration. It has been charged by one of those who oppose our bill a liberal appropriation to fortify that island. It is a base programme that we have not deliberated over it, that we had of naval supplies, as the Senator from Delaware so pertinently the bill before us only a few days. As a matter of fact, it was says. It is a base which is of more value to us on the Pacific under consideration for weeks and weeks. The Book of liJsti- coast, perhaps, than any other point that I can think of at this "''llates has been before us; the communications from the l\avy time; certainly equal to anything in the Aleutian Islands, Department have been submitted to us; and, after considlring • '5226 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE.
every recommendation made by the President und the Secre The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Michigan tary <>f the Navy and by the different bureaus of the Navy yield to the Senator from Oklahoma? Department, we haYe formulated this bill and presented it to Ur. BURROWS. Does the Senator from Oklahoma desire to you for your consideration. I submit the question to the Sen take the floor? ate. I know the Senate belieyes that the Committee on: Naval 1\Ir. OWEN. No, sir; except for a moment. Affairs, if it has erred, has committed an error of judgment 1\Ir. BURROWS. I yield. only, and that it has so framed the bill that, in its opinion, the Mr. OWEN. I wish to suy that in view of the number o:f best results will be attained by carrying out its recommenda speeches that n.re yet to be on the bill this afternoon, desiring tions and, so believing, will sustain the action of your com to be heard with regard to the matter before it is disposed of, mittee. I should like to have the opportunity on Monday of being heard I will not weary the Senate by recurring to the matter in on this measure, if it meets the approval of the Senate. detail, but with the permission of the Senate will place in the Mr. ALDRICH. The chairman of the committee who has RECORD the list of ships on the Pacific coast. the bill in charge is not present, and I suggest to the Senator The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, permission is from Oklahoma t-hat he make his request later on, in the pres granted. ence of the chairman of the committee. The matter referred to is as follows : Mr. BURROWS. Mr. President, were it not for the fact that Battle ships, armored cruisers, protected cruisers, torpedo vessels, and I am conscious of a difference of opinion among the people of co:zst-dcfense vessels of the United States Navy on tlte Pacific coast my own State and in the country generally in relation to the January SW, 1908. quesiion as to the number of new battle ships to be authorized, I should not care to be heard for a moment. nut in view of Normal this division in my State and in the country, I desire to set Vessel. displace- Speed on Probable date could be made ment. trial. ready for active service. forth briefly the reasons which will control me in voting against the amendment of the Senator from Washington [1\Ir. PILES] to Battle shi~s: increase the number of battle ships to be constructed from two Nebraska ______Tons. Knots. Wisconsin______14,948 19.06 Now in commission. to four. As a member of the Committee ou Naval Affairs, I 11,552 17.17 April15, 1908. joined in the report, which, so far as I know, was unanimous in .Armored cruisers: California. ______favor of the authorization of but two battle ships at this time. - Colorado______13,680 22.20 Now in commission. Maryland______13,680 22.24 Do. Before any Senator can determine this question with any de:. 13,680 22.41 Do. gree of satisfaction to himself it will be neces ary to call to Pennsylvania. ____ 13,680 22.44 Do. South Dakota._.__ 13,680 21!_24 January 27,1908. mind what the strength of our Navy is to-day and then consider Tennessee.-----__ 14,500 22.16 Now in commission. the sufficiency of the reasons assigned for this proposed increase. Washington_ ____ H,500 22.27 Do. As to the present strength of the Navy, I present the official West Virginia.__ 13,680 22.15 Do. Harbor-defense moni- statement of the Secretary of the Navy, taken from his last an tors: nual report and srmized in a table which I will ask to have Wyoming______8,225 11.80 May 1, 1008. inserted in my remarks without reading. The heading to this Protected cruisers: table is as follows : Albany------· 3,430 20.50 Now in commission. Boston"------3,000 15.60 July 1, 1908. Oost of all vessels of the new Navy. Charleston______9,700 22_04 Now in commissjon. - Chicago______4,500 18.00 Do. STATEMENT SHOWING COST OF E.A.CH COMPLETED BATTLE SHIP, AlD.IORED Cinciunati "----- 8,183 19.00 July 1, 19
Cost of alZ vessels of the ttmc Navy-Continued. Mr. OVERMAN. May I ask the Senator from Michigan a STATEMENT SHOWING COST OF EACH COMPLETED BATTLE SHIP, ETC., TO question? I ask merely for information. Do I understand that JUNE 30, 1907-continued. twenty-three vessels are now under construction? Hull and ma Equipage, in Mr. BURROWS. Yes; twenty-three crafts are now undEr chinery, in cluding arma Total. construction, seven of which are battle ships. cluding armor. ment. .Mr. OVERMAN. Battle ships? Mr. BURROWS. Yes; and two armored cruisers. I beg to PROTECTED CRUISERS~On- submit here an official table showing the vessels now under con tinued. struction, their names, and the amount expended thereon to Cleveland__ ------____ _ $1,098,320.33 $276,488.77 $1 ,374,800'.10 June 30, 1907, which, it will be observed, is $36,454,634.01. Denver_------1,135,853. 66 278,914.08 1,414, 767.74 Des Moines------· 1,156,256.68 269,884.74 1,426,101.42 E(IJpendUures on vessels tmdet· construction to Jmte SO, 1901. Chattanooga ______1,378,445. 75 308,148.45 1,686,594.20 Charleston------· 3,117,234.16 664,176.84 3,781,411.00 Michigan.... ______Galveston______1,426,850.73 309,923.50 1,736,'174.23 $843,213.45 Torpedo-boat destroyer Milwaukee______3,832,502.86 South Carolina ______1,228,606.70 No. 18------$3,160.24 3,171,668.53 660,834.33 New Hampshire______J Torpedo-boat destroyer St. Louis------3,173,324.3.3 • 644,4~.09 3,817 732.44 Idaho ______4,374,092.23 No. 19______1------l------3,896, 752.88 3,160.23 36,305,822.17 7,374,388.21 43,680,210.38 Mississippi______4,108,971.07 VestaL------371,789.66 TotaL ______I =~=~==I=~~===l======Delaware______17,443.99 Prometheus ______25,136.00 N ortb Dakota ______42,446.17 UNPROTECTED CRUISERS (3). California ______12,002.63 PatapsCO------ 4,491, 789.80 Patuxent------27,381.63 North Carolina______Octopus______Marblchca War-ship tonnage of the principal naml powers, number and di8placement of war ships, built and building, of 1,000 or more tons, and of torpedo craft of more than 50 tons NO'Vember 1, 1907. Great Britain. France. Type of vessel. Built. Building. Built. Building. Num- Num- Num- Num- 1 ------~ Tons. ~ Tons. ~ Tons. ~ Tons. Battle ships, first class a •.••• ----· •.•••• --· --- ••••••••. -- •••• --.. •••••• •••••• ••••.• •••••.• .• • . 52 7-19,090 4 72,300 b19 228,641 8 139,820 Coast-defense vessels c...... 12 73,300 g:~f.:t~~m~J·,::~ ~:::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: !! m: m..... -~· ... ~; :. :i 'n: ~ ::::: :~: , ;: :: r:m ~EEE~~f:~~t:~~:'::~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~:~~ '! :!:m --~-~!" ···-r~· ~ ~:m ~ 1 J:r~ Total tons built and toto.l tons building ....•.....•••...••.•.••.•••••••••••.•••.•••.•.•• ==1,633,ll6 ~ == ~ J:88,494"==609,079 ~ == ~ ~ Total tons built atd building •••.•••.••..•.••••. ~ •• • • . • • . • . • • • . • •• • •• • . • ••• •• • . •• •• • ••. 1, 821,610 836, 112 United States. Germany. Type of vessel. Built. Building. Built. Building. Num Num Num ·um ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ber. Tons, ber. Tons. ------1------Battle shlps, first classa...... 22 292,146 7 114,000 22 260,250 6 98,400 Coast-defense vessels o • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 45, 334 . . . 8 33, 200 Armored cruisers ..••••.•..•••.•.•..•••••••••••••.•••••.••••..•..•••...••...••••••.••.• :...... 10 128,445 ·•·· 2 ···2g;000· 8 79,600 ······2· ····34;2oo ggf~:~~ :.~~'f:·mJ~g~:d: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~ ~r: m······a· ·· "ii: 25o· 1~ 7~: ~gg ·· ····a· ·.. ·ii; ow Cruisers 3,000 to 1,00C tox;.sd.. ••••.• •..•. •. .• •• .. • .•. ••. . •••• •. . . ••• . •••• ••••. .•• •••. •.•.•.. .. . 19 26,317 . .•...... 19 40,685 ...... Torpedo-boat destroyers...... 16 6, 957 5 8, 750 60 26,298 12 7, 560 Torpedo boats...... 32 5, 615 •• . . • ...... •. 48 8, 539 .•••...... Submarines...... 12 1,632 7 · 2,142 1 180 2 360 Total tons built and total tons building •••..••...... •.••••.••••••••••••••••••••.•••••. ·:-·:-::-~·~·~·r6ll,616== ~ 160,142==6'29,032== ~ ~ Total tons built and building .••••••••••.•..••.•••.•••.•••.•...•.•.•••••••.•••..•...... 771,753 680,602 Japan. · Russia. Type of vessel. Built. Building. Built. Duilding. Num Num Num Num ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ------·------·1---·1 ------Battle ships, first class a...... 11 152,648 2 88,950 5 62, GOO 4 58,600 Coast-defense vessels c...... 3 18, 7&3 .•...... 4 21,380 ....•••...... Armored cruisers...... 11 108,900 2 29,200 4 46,200 3 24,000 Cruisers above 6,000 tonsd...... 2 13,130 .•••...... 7 46,460 ...... •...... Cruisers 6.000 to 3,000 tonsd •...... •. •...... •..•••••...•...... ••...... 10 38,994 1 4,100 1 3, 100; .•...... •••.....• Cruisers 3,000 to 1,000 tonsd ••..•... .••• ...... ••• .•.•...... •...... •.•..... •...... 7 15,288 2 2,600 7 , 00 ...... Torpedo-boat destroyers •••. •...... •...... •.•.. ..•••••.••...... 54 19,413 3 1,143 93 33, 34 4 2, 420 Torpedo boats...... 77 6,842 ...... 57 6,834 ...... Submarines .•.••..••.•••..•...... ••. ...•.. .•...• ....•. .•...... ••.. .•.. •... ..••...... 7 800 2 626 25 3, 735 6 2, 077 Total tons built and total tons building •..••.•.••••.•••.••••••.••• : •••••.•••.••..•..•. ==,374;7ol ==76,619==1232,"9431==-87,097 Total ton& built and building...... 451,320 820,040 1 Italy. Austritt. Type of vessel. Built. Building. Built. Building. Num Num Num Num ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ber. Tons. ------1------Battle ships, first class a .••.•.•••••••••. ~...... 10 130,629 8 87,275 8 31,800 ...... •..• Coast-defense vessels c...... •...... 6 41,700 ...... •• Armoredcruisers ...•.••••.•••••.•...... •...•••...... •..•....•..•. :...... 6 39,200 4 39,320 3 18,800 ..•...... • Cruisers above 6,000 tons d ....••••...... •.•••••.•..•••.•...•...••..•.•••...... •..•....•...... •.••••.....•...... •.....•.....•• g~~:~ ~:888 tg ~:8~ i~~ ~:::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 2~:~ ...... ~ ~:ggg :::::::: :::::::::: Torpedo-boat destroyers...... 13 4,133 ····· ·4· ··· ·i; 46o· 4 1,600 2 800 [~~~~~~~~:a_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6~ 7, ~~ 1~ 2, m-- ... ~~ .... -~: ~~. ~ 1, ~ _Total tons built and t<>tal tons building ...... •••...•••.•••.•• ."•••••.•••••.••.••••.. == 207,"623==---s0,81Q==J:i3,2351==-s. Total tons built and building •••.•....•••....•.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••...... •. 288,433 116,235 a Battle shlps, first class, are those of (about) 10,000 or more tons displacement. bQmitting the lena. clncludes smaller battle shlfs and monitors. dAll unarmored war ships o more than 1,000 tons are in this table classed according to displacement as cruisers. Scouts are considered as cruisers in which battery and protection have been sacrificed to secure extreme speed. The word "protected" has been omitted because all cruisers except the smallest and oldest now have protective decks. N. B.-The following vessels are not inclurled in tho tables: Those over 20 years old, unless they have been reconstructed and rearmed since 1900. Those not actually begun, although authorized. 'l"ransports, colliers, repair ships, torpedo depot shlps, converted merchant vessels, or yachts. Vessels of less than 1,000 ton ~ , except torpedo craft. Torpedo craft of less than 50 tons. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5229 Relative order of :war-ship to11nagB. At present. As would be the case were vessels building ~w completed. Nation. I Tonnage. Nation. Tonno.ge. Great Britain ...... 1,633,116 Great Britain············-·····~-·--·-····························-· 1,821,610 United States ...... •..•.•...... ·······-········ 611,616 France._ ... _....•.••.•..•.•.•.•..• ··n•··· ...... _.. 836,112 France ...... •....•...... •...... 609,079 United States .....•...••...••..... ··-· .•.•..•....•...... •.•... -.... . 7il, 758 Germany ...... •.....•...... •...... ; ...... 529,032 Genna.ny ....•...... •••...• ·-·-··-·-··· ...... •...... 6SO,G02 Japan ...... 374,701 Japan •••.••.•••.....• ...... •.•.•••...... •.•.•..•.•...... 451,320 Russia ...... •...... •...•...... ••.... 232,943 Russia·-············-·················--·-·-··············---········ 320,040 Italy ...... ••...... •..• 207,623 It.aly _.••••.•••...... •..••..•••.•.••...... •..•..•...... •..••.. 288,433 Austria ...... •...... •...•••.••..•.••••• 113,235 Austria ..•....••....•....•..•....•....•...•...... -··-·· .•....••...•.... 116,~35 1\lr. BURROWS. From this statement it appears that the 1\!r. President, we would do well, too, to remember in the midst United States to-day ranks second among the naval powers of of this cry of \var that this is an era of peace; an era of inter· the world. national parliaments seeking to devise meuns to settle inter Mr. President, with such a Navy completed and in course of national differences through the peaceful instrumentality of construction as we possess to-day and at peace with the world, arbitration. the question arises, What pressing necessity can there be for Let me quote the words of another great Secretary of State, increasing the limit as fixed in the bill, as it came to the Senate, Richard Olney, deploring the spirit of the times-the spirit of from two to four battle ships? One of the reasons urged-and militarism which seems to haYe ta.ken possession of some I may say the chief one-is the apprehension expressed by cer people-and invoking the higher and more humane spirit of tain Senators that we are to have in the immediate future seri arbitration, more in harmony with the spirit of adTancing ous trouble with some foreign nation. The Senator from Wash civilization of the age. ington [.Mr. PILEs] and other.Senators-the Senator from Indi Speaking of the potency of this influence, ex-Secretary of State ana [Mr. BEVERIDGE]-are apprehensive that we are to have dif Olney says: ficulty with some nation somewhere; and the Senator from In favor of all wise and just rules of international conduct formu ,Washington especially, while disclaiming a belief that there is lated by conferences at The Hague or by other like conferences the any immediate danger of trouble with Japan, yet ne>ertheless public opinion of the civilized world may be relied upon to fnrmsh1 a force ever growing more and more potent, until such rules receive com says there is a possibility of difficulty with that Empire in the plete international recognition and acceptance. When, in 1823, Web near future, and therefore we ought to be prepared to meet such ster would have had this country express sympathy with the revolt of emergency should it arise. the Greeks against Turkey, and it was objected that the thing was use less, because we did not propose to fight for Greece or to endange1· I do not question the sincerity of the Senator's appre our own peace in any way, he mad~ an answer which is among the hension, but I will be permitted, and pardoned, I am sure, if I most impressive of his public utterances : Sir, this reasoning mistakes the age. The time has been indeed when place more reliance upon what the Secretary of State says fleets and arm:i.es and subsidies were the principal reliances, even 1n touching this matter, who, by virtue of his position, has superior the best cause. But., happily .for mankind, n great change has taken opportunity to judge of the attitude and temper of foreign na place in this respect. Moral causes come into consideration in propor tion as the progress of knowledge is advanced, and the public opinion of tions toward us. Secretary Root, whose diplomatic skill and the civilized world is rapidly gaining an ascendency over mere brutal genius adorn the great office of Secretary of State, speaking of force. It is already able to oppose the most formidable obstruction to this apprehension of difficulty with Japan, says: the progre ·s of injustice and oppression, and as it grows more intelli gent and more intense it will be more and more formidable. It may be There was one great and serious question- silenced by military power, but it can not be conquered. It is elastic referring to the recent difficulty in California over the school irrepressible, and invulnerable to the weapons of ordinary warfare. It is that impassible, inextinguishable enemy of mere violence and arbi· question-- trary rule which, like Milton's angels, 1\Ir. FORAKER. From what is the Senator reading? Vital in every part. 1\lr. BURROWS. From the American Journal of Interna Can not but by annihilating afloat and has had her trials, what modifications in her design may be the air filled with the reverberations of the roar of cannon. Swing necessary. Like the English Dt·eadnought, she is in a sense our big ex your fleet from one ocean to another just when hearts are most IITi perimental ship; and u.ntil we know what she will do, and whether her tated. Fill your newspapers with accounts of what your ships are designs need changing"'!.n order to make her efficient, it is certainly pru doing, cr·owd your magazines with pictures of torpedo boats and de dent not to duplicate her. It is at least possible that she may not be stroyers. Set all the young men of the country thinking and talking have well in squadron with ships of the same size driven by recipro abo!Jt war, and then some day war will come. It is inevitable. If a cating engines. On the other hand, if the Not·th Dakota proves to have natwn does not want to fight it must put up its sword. It is amazing the superiorities over ships with reciprocating engines that are to be that there is an intelligent man on the earth who can not see this. hoped for, our future big ships should be turbine driven. Some lessons may have to be learned also from foreign ships. The But it is said we need a larger navy in order to defend the newly launched German Nassau, in particular, is one whose design our constructors need to pay attention. The number of guns she will Monroe doctrine. May I ask to have read a communication carry and their arrangement appear to be so far a complete secret, out from Ron. John ,V. Foster, that accomplished diplomat and side the German officials. Our Berlin correspondent, whom we have Christian statesman, in reply to the statement that our Mon reason to trust, says she will carry sixteen 11-inch guns, in an arrange roe doctrine is no stronger than our Navy. ment which he has rou~hly described. But it is apparent, from the tone of British service JOUrnals, that the armament of the new ship The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, the Secretary is not known in England. This ignorance of the details of the Nassau will read as requested. may, in fact, account, :rr.ore than considerations of economy, for the de The Secretary read as follows: cision of the British Admiralty to lay down no more than one Dt·ead nought this year. It will be seen, therefore, that neither as to our own EDITOR Pos·.r : Secretary Taft is reported, in your issue of this morn Dreadnoughts, nor the newl'.'st ships of that type abroad, have we such ing, to have declared, in a public address at Louisville, that " the prin knowedge as is de-9il·able be(o1·c entcr·ing upon a const1·uction of a group ciple of the Monroe doctrine is just as strong as our Navy nnd Army, of tou1· new ships. Two more Delawares would give us a squadron of and no stronger." four ships of the same size ; and, in the present uncertainties regarding A greater fallacy never was uttered by an intelligent statesman. this type, that is perhaps as tar as it is prudent to go now. Our history plainly proves the contrary. The two most important oc The delay that would be occasioned by waiting for the trials of the casions when the principle, or doctrine, was asserted aggressively by North Dakota and IYela.ware could be compensated for in two ways. our Government was by President Monroe, in 1823, and by President 'l'lle contractors could undoubtedly be helped to finish them in con Cleveland, in 1895. The " Holy Alliance," against whose aggressions siderably less than the contract period ; and as to future big ships, a the doctrine was asserted by President Monroe, had navies and armies proper management of preparation should enable us to complete them which, either separately or combined, very greatly exceeded those of in two years, instead of in the four or five now required. Measures the United States. And the same may be said respecting the relative could be so taken that the delay of any additional big ship fot· two navy and army of Gt·eat Britain and the United States when President years would leavil us just as well off four years from now as there is Cleveland uttered his warning. any likelihood of our being if four ships are authorized this year and I thank God there is a greater power in the world to-day than navies built under the prevailing system; with the added advantage that we and armies. It is the moral sentiment of mankind. If the Monroe should have " improved " Dreadnoughts-a thing not apparently prob doctrine was not founded on sound policy and justice, with all our able now. great resources we could not build a navy or organize an army large More than this, there is urgent need, before entering upon extensive enough to maintain it. · construction, of adopting a definite naval programme extending over JOHN W. FOSTER. a series of years and planned with reference to the programme of W .A.SHINGTON, April 11. other nations. We should decide upon a certain size of fleet, made up of certain kinds of ships, and work consistently and steadily toward Mr. BEVERIDGE. Does the Senator object to an interrup getting it. So far we have "muddled along," doing too much one tion? year and not enough the next, and doing it inconsistently, with such a result for instance, as the launching this year of two battle ships, the Mr. BURROWS. I prefer to finish, as I understand the Sen-. Idaho' and Mississippi, that m·e woefully ottt of date. It is to be hoped ator is going to close the debate, and can then make reply. that the awakened interest in the Navy all over the country will sup :Mr. BEVERIDGE. There was not any debate except one port Congress and the Department in the adoption of a well-arranged and definite quantity of naval construction. speech to-day. Of course it is necessary for me to say some thing in reply. 'l'hese reasons, I submit, are sufficiently cogent to command attention if they do not convince. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from :Michigan But it is contended that we must follow the lead of other yield to the Senator from Indiana? nations; that England is building a great navy; Germany is 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. I will not ask the Senator to yield, but I increasing hers; and it is important that we should keep pace shall want to refer to the speech made by the Senator from in our sea armanent with the naval powers of the world. I Michigan. have in my hand a pamphlet which answers this contention so 1\fr. BURROWS. .1\!r. President, it is said that this increase well that I venture to read an extract from an address delivered in our naval armament is demanded by the people. The last by Doctor Jefferson, an eminent divine of the city of New York. authoritative expression of opinion by the people upon this subject comes from the popular branch of Congress, which, He says: elected by the people, speaks for the people; and that Yoice is 2. But if these four nations- against the building of four battle ships by a recorded -vote of Speaking of Englan·d, Germany, France, and Japan- 199 to 83. That is the latest and most authoritative expression have great navies, we must follow their example. We can not afford of the will of the people, and I haye no hesitancy myself in not to do what they do. So men say; but why not? We are not like them. Their situation is different from ours. They have enemies, following that expression of the public will and agreeing with hereditary enemies; we have not. Everybody says we have not. the House of RepresentatiYes in the construction of only two President Roosevelt says so. All our statesmen say so. All the states battle ships. men of all the other counb·ies say so. Moreover, these four nations are our special friends. We are coming closer all the while to Eng The spirit of this age, Mr. President, the dominating thought land. Germany and America have never been such good friends as now. of this counh·y, is the spirit and thought of arbitration, of pe.:'lce France and our Republic have always gone hand in hand. Nobody and not war; and that spirit permeating the Christian people outside of a pack of mischief-makers has ever dreamed that Japan has any feeling toward us but one of good will. We never have been of this country to-day as never before is only marred by the entangled by the international complications of the wild and rude discordant notes of war heard in the halls of the American centuries that are gone. Why should we follow the example of nations Congress. who became embroiled centuries ago? Why should we squander our money in adopting a fashion which is not needed here, and which is Let us hope, Mr. President, that the time is near at hand, so ruinous that the wisest hearts and heads of the Old World have nay, already here, when the people of the United States and the groaned under it with an agony that is unspeakable? civilized nations of the world "shall beat their swords into ...... plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; when nation But it is said: shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn 4. " We have colonial possessions and we must protect them. How war any more." • can you protect them if you do not gather them under the steel wings of a fleet of battle ships?" So men ask. But this terror is born of a 1\Ir. 1\IcCUUBER. Mr. President, I can not help but feel that disordered mind. When men become infected with the poison of mili Congress itself has a duty to perform in the great subject that tarism they have many of the symptoms of a man in delirium tre mens. The world becomes filled with snakes, day and night are is before us to-day. I can not help also but feel that the crowded with horrors, the universe is a hateful, hostile, hissing thing, framers of the Constitution; when they separated the great and every moment gives birth to a new peril. powers of this Government and set the line of demarcation But it has been said in course of this debate that we must between the exercise of those powers, intended that Congress build a larger navy in order to insure peace with the world; should exercise its judgment, and that the Tote of Congress that the way to keep the peace is to impress the nations of the should be the consensus of the opinion of all the members of earth that we are mighty and invincible in war. The distin both bodies. guished Secretary of State in his recent unostentatious visit to I have not changed my conviction upon that proposition in the South American countries did more on that one journey in all the argument that has been made before us upon this gt·eat, the interest of peace than could have been accomplished by the this most important question. Congress has its duties to per marshaling of all the battle ships we could command. form. Congress receives all the information that it can from Doctor Jefferson comments upon this folJy as follows: each of the great Executive Departments, digests that informa 5. "•.ro keep the peace we must prepare for war." Some one said· tion, measures its ability to comply with the request of each of that long ago, and men have repeated it as though it were a word those Departments, and in the end it generally does what is from the mouth of God. Its hollowness is evident to anyone who right and just for the American people. will l~ok into it. The fact is that to keep the peace we must prepare for peace. It you want war, then prepare for wat·, multiply your Under the system that is in vogue to-day each Department guns, burnish them and make them shine, practice with them, keep reports to the President the requirements of that Department 1908. CONGRESS! ON .AL RECORD-SENATE. 52311 for the ensuing year. The President communicates that infor as eyery other nation and supplant that with the conception mation to us in the messages which we receive at the beginning that each one of these nations is desirous of despoiling the other, of e1ery session. Then Congress takes account of. the expenses then the rule would be applieable; each would be compelled to and the income of the Government~ and if it acts justly and in arm itself equal to its watchful antagonist. But inasmuch as accordance with the will of the country, it makes every possible that condition can· never be, the rule can seldom be applied to attempt to keep its expenses within its income~ and so apportion conditions as we find them. the outlays for tbe demands of government as will meet the 1\Ir. President, let us look into this proposition for a moment. necessities of each Department as near as it is possible to do so. Let us take the countries of Europe and see whether the rule I am somewhat surprised that in all the argument for the addi applies there. Germany has a vast standing army. She is tional enormous outlay for battle ships not one word has been always prepared for war upon the land. Has that vast standing said as to where we are to get the money to pay for them. Are army been to Europe an assUYance of peace, or is it a condition we to borrow the money or come back here in a few months that is always inclined to lead her into war? and l'o:te a deficiency bill carrying some $80,000,000? EYeryone who reads the press of the country and the press of We know as a ma.tter of fact, l\Ir. President, that if we fol the world knows that it takes the combined di-plomacy of all lowed absolutely the recommendation of each of the great Exec Europe to prevent a conflict, ever imminent, because of her utive Departments of the Government for whnt the Department preparedness for war. Let us carry our minds back two or thought was proper to be appropriated for its purpose, we would three years to the Moroccan occasion, to the dispute between bankrupt the Government in a single year. So we are compelled Germany and E'rance. Germany w:.ts rell.dy, ready at a mo to prune down here and there until we have !Jrought the ex ment's notice, to strike at her old enemy. It was the in.fluence penses as near as possible to our idea of what the future will of the world and the diplomacy of the world that maintained bring of money for our use. That is the business proposition peace at that time; maintained it not because Germany was pre that js presented to ns to-day. pared, but despite that preparation. I know that there are many people of the press and I know So we can follow history from its beginning down. to the pres that there are many other people in the United States who are ent time, and I say that instead of the rule being that pre actuated more or less by the love of power, which permeates paredness for war is a prevention of war we are forced to the every individual to a certain extent, who will always be in opposite conclusion. fa\or of building up the Army and of increasing the NaVY to Mr. President, we of the Caucasian race have always the any extent, and no matter what the extent of any proposed spirit of warfare and of aggression in our hearts. We never addition it will ~!ways be popular with a large number of can eliminate it It is absolutely true and undeniable that the people. great Caucasian race has fought more wars of aggression, and, But, l\Ir. President, those same people who are guided and we are compelled to admi4 more wars ot injustic::e, ten times controlled by their impulses in matters of this kind are always over~ than all the rest of the world. the \ery first ones to open their batteries of condemnation upon But I want to show that the question. whether preparedness Congress if at the end of a fiscal year it is compelled to borrow for war is a guaranty for peaee depends entirely upon condi money in "piping times of peace" to carry on the Government tions outside of this preparedness. Little Switzerland has been of the United States. So I insist that as a business proposition able to live independently for a great many years. Norway, in we should keep our expenses as near as poSEible within ouT in its merchant marine, being about the third or fourth country in come for the ensuing year. the world to-day, has no great battle ships to repel a German Mr. President, I b~lie-ve that there is not a single Senator in attack, and yet her situation and the condition. of her environ this oooy nor a single Member of Congress who is not in favor ments in Europe are su<:h as to insure her independence as of maintaining a good., strong Navy, and of building it up as against an aggressive nation. If there is a universal rule rapidly as the conditions of our income- will warrant, taking that the peace of a nation is dependen.t upon its being able to into consideration the demands along every other line. match its army or navy with each other power, how is it that The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. ScoTT} but a few these little kingdoms of Em·ope still continue to liYe happily and days ago made a most eloquent plea for a greater number of peacefully, freed from the burdens of supporting vast armies public buildings. The- plea which he made to the Senate was ' and navies? one all must admit to be correct and proper. we· were forced Italy can not to-day compete with Germany or any of the to the conclusion that we have not sufficient public buildings great powers in Europe with her navy, and yet she is absolutely in the United States to properly conduct the business of the protected against aggression from other countries. That is true, country. We were forced to the conclusion that we are paying M1~. President, of all of the countries of Europe, but about four. three or four times the amount that we ought to pay for the Now, let us glance for a moment to our own conditions and rental of buildings in which to eonduct our business. And yet environments. The Senator from Indiana says we should ap we are compelled in order to keep within our income to forego proach this subject from a business standpoint-! want to com the construction of these buildings that are so necessary. ply with his suggestion. A competent general not o-nly takes Again, the whole West and Northwest, desiring to build up cognizance of the strength and weaknesses of his own army and their country, are appeaHng to us to appropriate a greater sum how it is surrounded and protected, but he also looks at the con.: of money for ~oil surveys. The people of that section wish to dition of the enemy and determines therefrom whether he will be present their claims not only to the old countries, but to this the one who shall make the attack or whether it will be the enemy country, by showing the soil in a particular locality and demon that will be liable to make it. When we look at our condition strating that it is a. place to come to to make American homes. and situation as regards the rest of the world, we are forced The Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry was com to the conclusion that we are so situated that we can deter pelled to cut that appropriation down, because they say we mine the time when we shall have war with any other nation have not sufficient income to meet that demand. upon the face of the earth, unless we, through a sensational In considering the question of whether we should provide for and lurid press-, are inclined to flaunt our superiority of arms two or three or four battle ships this year, I can not idly lay and power in the face of nations that must fight in order to aside the conclusion, and, considering its importance, I must sustain their own honor. believe the careful conclusions of the Committee on Naval Mr. President, every argument that I have· heard in favor of Affairs of this body. I .know that every question pro and con the building of four war ships is just as good an argument in has been carefully considered, and I can not but feel that if favor of building ten war ships. Not one sentence which has they believed that the immediate demand for four instead of been uttered here has given the foundation for the argument two battle ships for this year was so imperative as to justify that we must have four war ships, which does not apply with overdrawing our income some $20,000,000 for that item alone, it equal force to the theory that we must have ten or more war would have been so recommended. Nor can I lose sight of the ships. fact that the other House of Congress, after having also care I am not insensible to the argument, that if actual war fully considered the rna tter, by a. vote of nearly three to one should at any time be thrust upon us, we should regret tha:t spoke its judgment in favor of two battle ships this year. ' we had not these two extra battle ships. Yes, and we should Mr~ President, I listened with a great deal of interest to the also regret that we- did not ha\e ten more instead of two. No illogical logic--'-what I consider very one-sided logic-about nation ever entered into a war that did not regret that it did this necessity of preparing for war in oroer that we may keep n.ot have greater strength and more war rna te::.·ial. These nvo the peace of the country. That proposition, old us it may be extra ships could n.ot stave off war that is imtl'linent, because as a plea to the public to bnild up. th-e armaments: of each o:f they could not be comp_leted within three or four years. the great military establishments of the world, in my opinion I should like to disillusion the mind of my friend from Wash· has no fo.1llldation on which it can possibly stand. ington [l\1r. PILEs] of the idea that the specter of war is hang The rule is exactly the opposite of tills. If it were possible ing over the Pacific O-cean, and that it is liable to come dowri that we could conceive of every nation being about as powerful like a cyclone upon that Eection of the colmtry at any time. 5232 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25, When two great nations determine that they must resort to the .1\fr. McCUMBER. Oh, no; Mr. President, not by any means. arbitrament of arms in order to settle a dispute, they will gen ·war is always possible; but if we are to build a navy UPQn the erally consider what that arbib·ament of arms will mean to possibilities and not upon the probabilities of war, then our them. That final result of appeal to arms is just what e>ery Navy should te us great as all of the navies of the world com country in the world must and will take into consideration. bined. No nation on earth will or could pursue that policy. There is no Senator here who will not agree with me that the Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- :p.ation that will be successful in war will not only be the nation Mr. 1\fcCUl\IBER. Just a moment. Great Britain i-s com that has got the men, but the nation that has got the money pelled to maintain a. navy double that of any other country in and resources back of it in order to conduct a war. the world, because she is subject to attack at more than double In the late war between Japan and Russia, the little Empire the number of places of any other nation in the world, and must of Japan was compelled to borrow of e>ery country in Europe, necessarily distribute her forces. With a little island only and in the United States, and to sell her bonds bearing 6 per about half as large as the State _in which I live, in which she cent interest for a little over 90 cents on the dollar at the time. must care for more than 50,000,000 people, it is necessary for That was when she was fighting for her very life, and fighting her to have egress and ingress to all the markets of the world, right at home, upon her own borders, and figliting a battle of and it is necessary for her to have a navy that will keep them defense against an enormous power, which meant either that she open for her. We have enough to live on for a hundred years must be victorious or must forever sink to the level of a fifth or at least in our own country without calling upon the outside sixth class power. She was compelled, under those conditions, world for one dollar's worth of material, and during all that to draw upon every one of the banks of Europe. What would be time, safe in our mighty realm, we could be striking at any other the condition of that little nation across the ocean, with only nation in the world. That is why we have the guaranty of about one-half the population of the United: States, with only peace. one five-hundredth of the territory of the United States, with l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I stated when I arose that I intended to less than one one-hundredth of the income of the United States ask the Senator a question, but I shall not now ask it. I will, what would be her position in the financial world if she at howe>er, ask a question in view of the Senator's last remark. tempted to borrow money to conduct a war against this mighty I remember that no plea more eloquent and informing has been nation? She could not get a dollar in all Europe; and not made in this Chamber or in public Jife for foreign trade than having a dollar at home to-clay, being loaded with a debt that that of the Senator as to the absolute necessity of our having must hang heavily upon the shoulders of her people for many foreign trade, and although now the exigencies of debate make years, she would not venture into an aggressive war against such the Senator say that we could live for a hundred years abso a powerful nation as this. That we might force her into it to lutely disconnected fTom the outside world-of course we could, maintain lle1: own honor is barely possible, but >ery improbable. I think, for a thousand-but now the question I was going to Nor is that the only reason. I agreed with the Senator ask is this: The Senator modified his statement of war being from Indiana when he wrote so optimistically of The Rus utterly impossible-with which I wish I could agree-to "al sian Advance, and I will agree with him that that mighty most improbable." power has only been checked. I do not belie>e any nation l\fr. McCUMBER. I will put it" improbable," leaving out the in the world understands that any better than the little king word" almoRt." dom of the Mikado; and the moment that nation should en 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Well, "improbable." That is a very dis gage in a bloody war with such a powerful opponent as this tinct limitation. Now, then, upon that no one contends that the the Russian bear would again be upon its haunches, and with Navy should be as large as all other navies of the world com its iron claws would destroy the little empire and regain bined, because we could not possibly-that is an impossibility Manchuria before it could turn from one giant antagonist to get into war with all nations combined. the other. So I am not afraid of an aggressive warfare from 1\Ir. McCUMBER. Not impossible-- that side of the ocean. 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. Yes; with all nations combined. Let us see, then, where else war is to come from. The next l\Ir. :McCUMBER. But very improbable. and greatest na>"al power in the world is Great Britain. Will Mr. BEVERIDGE. With all nations combined, impossible. she e>er attack the United States? Great Britain with her Now, it being true that it is improbable-that is, it may be or immense navy is the most peacefully inclined country in the it may not be-ought we not to have a navy adequate to imme world to-day. Why? Not because she has such power, but be diately act in case the improbability became the fact? cause she knows what war will mean to her. She knows that l\Ir. McCUMBER. That is what we are doing, Mr. President. while the sun never sets upon the British Empire, the sun That is just exactly what we have done to-day. I am speaking must also never set upon the war ships that must be kept where of that improbability, and saying that we are prepared for the Britain's colony is located. So while a mighty country like this improbabilities, and for the great improbabilities. It has been would not be vulnerable from any point, the great Empire of admitted again and again, and I think that it is without any Great Britain is "Vulnerable at a thousand points at one time. doubt, that we are the second great na>al power in the world Her situation, her environments, and her scattered colonies on to-day, >essel for vessel and gun for gun. That is our present which she is dependent for food for her millions renders a situation, and if I am to vote to increase the Navy beyond that great navy indispensable to her safety. But not being situated necessity, I must see what the danger is that will necessitate as is Great Britain there is no reason on earth why we should a greater navy than that. take the British navy as a standard by which we should build The only power in the world having a greater navy is Great up our own. Britain. That greater navy in all probability would not be used In addition to this, the hostage for peace between this coun against this country, because the final result must necessarily try and Great Britain lies to the north of us. I speak of these be disastrous to a country that must depend wholly upon ller things to show how impossible war is with this great country, international trade. She is subject to weaknesses to which we whose immense shore lines are on two oceans, with our power are not subject. So we will eliminate the British Empire from and our ability to raise an army for defense and to maintain the field of war probability. an army of any necessary size and to continue building battle Then, I come next, after having eliminated Japan and Great ships ail of the time to answer the demands of a gradual and Britain, to the probability of a. war with Germany. The only proper growth. thing that has ever been stated by our press-and I disagree Mr. BEVERIDGE. Mr. President-- with it on that-is that the great German Empire has had an 'l'he VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from North Da eye upon South America, and would, therefore, wish to break kot.'L yield to the Senator from Indiana? in upon our Monroe doctrine. 1\lr. McCUMBER. Always. 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. May I ask the Senator a question right Mr. BEVERIDGE. The Senator from North Dakota has there? Just said in his closing utterance that war was impossible; The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from North Da which I hope is right. If war, then, is impossible- kota yield to the Senator from Indiana? l\Ir. l\IcCUl\fBER. I will not say " impossible." I will .l\Ir. McCUMBER. Certainly. modify it, if I used the word " impossible," and say " almost 1\fr. BEVERIDGE. I think perhaps the Senator's recollec impossible-improbable." tion will be much more vivid than my own. I do not see here .l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Well, that of course is different. "Al the Senator to whom I am going to refer, but was not a speech most improbable" is different from " utterly impossible." Tlie made upon fuis floor by the senior Senator from Massachusetts only question, then, that I was going to ask-but I will not ask [.l\Ir. LonGE], whose learning all of us admit and admire, upon it novv-if the Senator thinks it is absolutely impossible, or, as the acute probability of difficulty with Germany about South he stated, " utterly impossible," does he not think it is a wrong America some three or four years ago, during our mutual incum policy for us to pursue to build any navy at all? bency of seats in this body? 1908. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. 5233 Mr. McCUMBER. I do not think any Senator has ever gone Mr. McCUMBER. These figures, Mr. President, are most to the extent of presupposing that any acute question would astounding. Few of us are capable of comprehending what arise upon a breach of the Monroe doctrine. an immense fleet's daily or weekly gun practice means in Mr. BEVERIDGE. I may be wrong about that, but I think money that is absolutely burned up. Every shot from a 12-inch not. The Senator may remember about it. I shall look it up gun means $1,160 blown out of existence. Every broadside almost immediately. from the North Dakota means $17,500 furnished by the tax 1\Ir. 1\lcCUl\IBEH.. .!. serious question, if I may call it seri payers of the American nation. Take all of your "Vessels, with ous, and yet one that could easily be diplomatically settled, was their constant practice, and then you will be able at least to the question whether foreign powers should bring their war comprehend in some slight degree the enormous expense of ships across the ocean to enforce pri>ate conh·acts in the South maintaining an efficient navy. This ought to cause us to halt American Republics. That matter has been settled. It went for a moment to see what it means-the curtailing of appro to The Hague. Such questions will always go to some arbi priations for the thousands of things we ought to have for trating of that character rather th:m to the arbitrament of our internal needs. I, Mr. President, can understand why war. But I want to call the Senator's attention to the fact Great Britain, Germany, and even little Italy, should strain that we ha>e maintained the Monroe doctrine during all these every nerve in order to keep up their vast armaments; but years when we had practically no navy. If we have maintained when I travel into one of those countries and see their mighty it without any navy in all the past years, what reason have we marine power on the one hand, with the gold braid and the to assume that now it must necessarily take a navy greater gold rope, the pomp and the power, and all that it signifies than that of any country except Great Britain in order to to the world, and then look upon the pinched and starved faces maintain that doctrine? of the millions upon millions who are being taxed to death for .M:r. President, there have been in the past promises, almost, the very purpose of maintaining those mighty armaments, my on the part of the Committee on Naval Affairs. After we had whole heart and soul go out for peace. ·when I feel that this appropriated large sums for these great war ships we have country, above all other counh·ies in the world, is so situated been assured almost positively that the policy would be to build that she can at all times use her mighty power and intluence one war ship each year. \Ye have done that and more than for peace, then I hate to see her, one of the great powers, go that. The President of the United States has concurred in the into competition with and compel all of the great powers of action of the two committees of Congress upon that subject. Europe to bring their citizens down to the verge of starvation Suddenly it comes from somewhere-! assume first from the in order to match the great American vessels. We should Navy Department and then through the President-that we speak for peace, and, in my candid opinion, our voice should ought to provide this year for four instead of one battle ship. eyer be for the purpose of disarmament rather than for the In this bill the committee has gone half way and provided for purpose of armament. two, and the only question that is before us to-day is whether Mr. President, it has been stated by the Senator from Indiana we shall ha'fe two this year and two next year, or whether we that if at the time of our war with Spain either our country or shall have four this year and possibly none next year. Spain had had more war ships we might have had peace instead Mr. HALE. Or four more. of a resort to arms. We determined when we wanted to go to 1\Ir. McCUMBER. Or posibly four more next year. If what war with Spain. We knew that we had the power to crush her has been stated by the Senator from Indiana, as I understood at any moment's notice. We did not need but twenty-four hours' the purport of his address, and by the Senator from Washing notice. ton has anything more than vivid imagination for its founda Mr. BEVERIDGE. Will the Senator permit me? tion, then this whole subject ought to ha>e been considered in Mr. McCUMBER. It is possible that if we had not been so secret session and not publicly. The very fact that we have not well armed we would not have hurried quite so much. It is pos seen fit to close these doors is evidence to my mind that no Sena sible that if the great nations of Europe were not so well pre tor has any grounds to urge upon this Senate why we are in pared for war they would use diplomacy for a longer time and such imminent danger from these great powers that it is neces that diplomacy in the end would win. So this theory that being sary for us to go outside of what we had determined to do and prepared for war brings peace is certainly as broad as it is long, to double the number of battle ships in this particular year. and, in my opinion, it is broader. But few of the people who are always clamoring for this im 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. If the Senator will permit me-- mense show of power have ever fully realized what it costs The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from North Da the American people. The chairman of the Committee on Naval kota yield to the Senator from Indiana? Affairs ever since I have been in the Senate has given us year Mr. McCUMBER. Certainly. after year a solemn warning of what we were coming to in this 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. The Senator says that we knew we could respect. He informed us, or some one did only a few days ago crush Spain. The trouble is, as I pointed out, that our prepon in debate, that we are to-day paying more than 70 per cent of derance was not such that Spain knew that same fact. Had all the income of the United States for matters pertaining our preponderance been that great, I think most of those who to past wars and for preparing for future wars. If the policy have studied the question agree that Spain and ourselves would of the War Department and the policy of the Navy Department have settled the difficulty by diplomatic processes. should govern us in our deliberations, in less than ten years we Now, I wish to ask the Senator a question. He said that we will be paying out 90 per cent of all the income of the United knew that war with Spain was coming. How many persons States for war purposes alone. knew that war with Spain was coming three months before it Mr. President, I have before me a statement, which I cut did occur? None of the veteran Senators here thought so. from one of the great New York papers, entitled "What the big Mr. McCUMBER. The Senator is mistaken. I do not say gest battle ship means in money," and I ask that the Secretary that this counh·y knew that war was coming with Spain. read it. The VICE-PRESIDENT. In the absence of objection, the Sec 1\lr. BEVERIDGE. I think the Senator will find it in the retary will read as requested. RECORD. 'l'he Secretary read as follows: Mr. McCUMBER. I may find it in the RECORD in some one's else address, but certainly it is not in the RECORD in my ad WHAT THE BIGGEST BATTLE SHIP l\IEANS IN MONEY. dress. The North Dakota, when completed and ready to go into commission, will represent an initial outlay of $10,000,000. 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I think it will be found in the Senator's Nearly $1,000,000 of this will be spent for guns alone. There are remarks. ten 12-inch guns, at $65,000 en.ch, and fourteen 5-inch rifles, at $10,000 each, in the main battery, besides twelve rapid-fire guns and minor Mr. McCUMBER. No; 1\Ir. President. The proposition I pieces. make is that with a weaker power we are always able to go To fire one broadside from the main battery will cost $17,000, to war at once if we are prepared, whereas if we are not so exclusive of cost of maintaining gunne1·s. One shot from each 12-inch gun will cost $1,160, and from each 5-inch gun ~430. well prepared we often settle by diplomacy what would other One broadside from the main battery means the firing of 10,000 wise have to be settled by the sword. The Senator from Indi pounds of steel shot. This is 3,000 more pounds of projectiles than ana knows as well as I know that the man who goes armed Dewey's whole fleet could fire at the battle of Manila. 1.'o fire one shot from each 12-inch gun will require 250 pounds of is always the man who does the shooting in self-defense; that powder, at 80 cents a pound. Each projectile fo1· the 12-inch guns the man who knows that he is ready for an encounter is always weighs 850 pounds and costs $310, making a total cost of $510 for the man who finds some excuse to get into that encounter; and each shot. '£o this must be added an allowance of $G50 for deteriora tion in the gun, as the 12-inch firing piece is practicaUy unfit for what is true of the individual is equally true of great nations. further use after being fired 100 times. There is not a powerful nation in Europe to-day capable of The cost of keeping the North Dakota in commission and In first taking territory from another power that, by reason of her class fighting trim will be $1,000,000 per annum. This includes the feeding and paying of he1· c1·ew of 900 officers and men, o1·dinary vast preponderance of power, is not anxious and ever seeking repairs, machlne1·y, and other ship supplies and coaling. a pretext to extend her domain. XLII-328 '5234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. APRIL 25, So, Mr. President, I can hardly understand the necessity Mr. BEVERIDGE. I have my remarks before me. I never for this feverish actiT"ity to suddenly add four more battle ships made any such statement, and when the Senator comes to read to our Navy. We can not even wait to build colliers to supply my remarks, unchanged, he will find that the statement at the them, but we are compelled to go into the open market for them. time it was made was absolutely free from any possible infer It would be considered the height of folly if we were to say ence of that kind. I not only stated that any Senator who dis that we should build ships and provide guns and yet have no agreed with the President upon the question of four battle ammunition with which to fire them. ships was not hostile to his economic policies, but that he was But that is no more of a folly than the idea that we can go not hostile to him e\en upon this policy. 1\Iy reference, as the to war and can supply the men for these great ships until we Senator will see when he comes to read it, was distinctly as to have built up our merchant marine. We may take young men the weight which the Senate of the United States should gi\·e to to-day and put them directly into the Navy, but whene\er with what the President himself in his me~sage called his solemn re that Navy we get into a war with any great power we will ha\e quest of Congress to provide these ships. to double the number of men immediately, and where are you Mr. 1\IcCU:&IBEll. I am glad to have the Senator state what going to get them? You can not get them, if they are to be he has just stated. I think I attach as .much importance to any good, unless they are seamen. You can not haYe seamen messages which come from the President of the United States unless you build up your merchant marine. And so side by as any other man in the Senate, but I can not but remember side with the gradual development of our Navy should be the that only a \ery few months ago the President was in ab olute gradual deYelopment of our merchant marine, to furnish the accord with the committee of both Houses for one battle . hip men for the Navy. And yet we are doing nothing along that a year. We gave him the one; we ga\e him two; and if there line. was any reason gi\en to the Senate why we should suddenly Mr. President, the Senator from Indiana [Ur. BEVERIDGE], give four, I would support four, aud if I was as fearful of war with a great deal of vehemence, almpst tragically intimated as some Senators who haye expressed themselYes upon this sub that his \Ote upon this subject would be governed by what for ject seem to be, I would vote for ten. eign cotmtries did not want him to do; and in a sentence with 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Does not the Senator- a dash between each word as long as a crowbar he said : " How Ur. 1\IcCUAIDER. I am through. 'vould any foreign country want you to vote on this question 1" 1\Ir. BEYERIDGE. I merely wish to ask the Senator a I can answer him, "How would the steel company haT"e us vote question before he takes his seat. The Senator says "if any rea on a question of ten ships?" I will not be governed by the son was given." Does not the Senator think tbat some reason foreign idea of what we ought to do, nor will I be governed was gi\en in the President's special message, which we all haT"e by what the steel trust would like to have us do. But I shall before us and which has been made public not only to this be governed by what I feel we ought to do in the gradual and body, but to the world? proper building up of a great navy. 1\Ir. McCUMBER. I have heard of none, unless it is based Mr. President, we are second in naval power to-day. There upon the idea that as the other countries of the world are more is not any question in my mind that in a few years we will rapidly increasing their navies we should do likewise. be first, and what ha\e I to base that assumption upon 1 I tell 1\Ir. HALE obtained the floor. you, Senators, that the ability of these foreign countries to .Mr. STO:NE. .Mr. President-- maintain navies of the kind they are building now has about The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine yield reached a limit. They all understand that they have not the to the Senator from Missouri 1 resources to continue that development and growth indefinitely. Mr. HALE. I want to say a word about the order of busi We can go on year in and year out and put out two or three or ness-- a greater number of battle ships, if it is necessary, to add to Mr. STOKE. Proceed. our Navy. Mr. HALE (continuing). I n which the Senator is as much There is not to-day any country in Europe whose budget does interested as I am. not show a greater expense e\ery year and comparati\ely less 1\fr. President, the Senate has spent substantially a solid week income to meet that e...~pense and whose national debt is not be of long days upon this one appropriation bill. It is met with ing increased e\ery year in oi'der to meet the great demands the fact that there still remain untouched the agricultural appro upon it. There will be a limit on the other side of the ocean, priation bill, the District of Columbia appropriation bill, the and long after they ha\e reached their limit we will be de\elop consular and diplomatic appropriation bill, the great sundry ing and increasing our Navy to a higher and higher standard of civil appropriation bill-- power and effectiveness. So I belie\e, 1\fr." President, that the l\lr. FRYE. The post-office appropriation bill. best policy is for us to keep on developing our Navy, not too Mr. HALE. The post-office appropriation bill, and the general hastily, and to keep somewhere within our income. If we were deficiency appropriation bill. to c own convenience, and I presume in accord with the wishes of that the Senator from Missouri [Mr. W ABNER] has given notice a very large majority of the Senate, I should like to end this that he will continue his remarks on the Brownsville affair on bill to-night, as I hoped to do last night and the night before, Monday. I see that that is practically impossible. I am not doing this Mr. ALDRICH. That can go over. in any way to exclude proper debate; we have had it for a Mr. WARNER. Mr. President-- week, and Senators have spoken and spoken well, intelligently, The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from 1.\Iaine yield and they have stuck to the subject, with no wandering, but to the Senator from Missouri? I am constrained to do now, what is always done when we Mr. HAI.a~. Certainly. mee.t a condition of this kind, see if we can not agree that this - 1.\Ir. WARNER. I have given notice that I intended to pro~ bill shall be disposed of. I do not suggest holding the Senate ceed with my remarks on Monday, at the conclusion of the here until 6 or 7 o'clock and then perhaps finding that we routine morning business, but I certainly would not insist upon can not pass it, which would be adding a needless burden and proceeding at that time if an arrangement can be made to dis make it tiresome, but I ask unanfmous consent that the bill pose of this important measure, assup:1ing that I will be given and all amendments shall be voted on finally previous to the the same privilege on Tuesday. I recognize the importance o~ adjournment on l\Ionday. this matter and adapt myself to conditions. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Maine asks 1.\[r. HALE. I think the Senate will be very much obliged to unanimous consent that the pending bill and all amend the Senator for his unselfishness in the matter. ments-- Now, I think we can readily agree that we shall take a vote Mr. HALE. All pending amendments. previous to adjournment on Monday, and that after 3 o'clock The VICE-PRESIDENT. And to be offered- speeches shall be under the ten-minute rule. Mr. HALE. To be offered; that is well understood. l\Ir. BEVERIDGE. 1.\fr. President-- The VICE-PRESIDENT. Be voted upon before the Senate The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine yield adjourns on Monday next. to the Senator from Indiana? .Mr. STONE. Certainly, Mr. President, I have not any objec 1.\fr. HALE. Certainly. tion to that arrangement I am as anxious as the Senator 1.\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I am in heartiest accord with the desire from Maine can be, although he is in charge of this measure, of the Senator from Maine for an early vote upon this bill. I to bring it to a speedy conclusion, very largely for the reasons expected it would be taken last night, and not only for my own he has stated. personal comfort, but for the desires of other Senators I should The debate so far, however, has been almost wholly upon the be only too glad to come to a vote, so far as I am concerned, at other side of the Chamber. Only one Senator upon this side, any moment. the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. l\IcCREARY], has spoken, and , he briefly. I do not know how many Senators desire to speak The Senator from 1.\Iaine has been very courteous and very on this bill. I should like on Monday morning to occupy a kind, as he always is, with this bill; but I wish to point out short while. I do not wish to prolong what I shall say to the one fact: This amendment, which after all is the important discomfort of the Senate. I wish to discuss some phases of amendment, as some Senators think, on this bill-more impor· this measure, and particularly a collateral question that has tant than all the other amendments-has not taken up very been projected into it in the course of the debate. I do not much time. Only one day and part of another day have been wish to proceed to-night, at this late hour. I have not any taken up. While I was out of the Chamber I understand the doubt that by 5 or 6 o'clock Monday we will be able to conclude Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. OwEN] gave notice of his desire the debate. We certainly ought to be and get a vote upon the to speak on Monday. I understand from the Senator from amendments and upon the bill and bring it to a conclusion. Delaware that he desires to speak on Monday. I have under· Mr. HALE. For three days, each morning, Senators have stood that the Senator from Idaho desires to speak on Mon· said to me, "We shall settle this matter before night." The day-how long, I do not know. The Senator from Missouri day has gone ; the time has been consumed. Can we not agree [Mr. SToNE] has just indicated his desire to speak on Monday, now that a day shall be fixed when we will take a vote? I and both Senators from Utah, I think, and several other Senators, want every Senator who desires to discuss it. I agree I will I understand, wish to speak. I regret to say-and I regret it as not interfere. I will not be in the way, although I have charge much as the Senator from 1.\faine-that it will be necessary for of the bill. I desire, and I presume I should have the oppor me, I think, to consume a little time myself in some further tunity before a vote is taken, to close the debate upon the remarks, called forth by the debate to-day. amendment, but I do not even expect to ask that privilege. I · I think all of us concede that we can get to a vote on Mon· should feel safer if we could agree that a final vote shall be day, and I suggest that the usual courtesy be extended. None taken before adjournment on 1.\fc::lday. I do not want to limit of the Senators want to prolong this matter a moment. Every· it to 5 o'clock. We may stay here one day until 6 or 7. body wishes that it was out of the way. I suggest that we go Mr. STONE. I have not any objection to that suggestion. along and try to get to a vote on Monday. I have no doubt in I wish simply to say, and the Senator from Maine and others the world we will reach a vote before adjournment, but let us will bear me out in saying, that I have not very often protracted not make an agreement which would cut any Senator off from the final disposition of measures before the Senate by useless expressing his opinions upon this very important subject, which, discussion. I do not believe that any Senator who has indi in view of its importance, has not taken very long. cated, so far as I know, a wish to be heard has. any purpose 1.\fr. S~IOOT. Mr. President-- of that kind in view. I am inclined to think that the suggestion The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine of the Senator from 1.\laine is well made, that we conclude this yield to the Senator from Utah? bill before adjournment on Monday. 1.\Ir. HALE. Certainly. Mr. HALE. Yes. I ask unanimous consent- Mr. SMOOT. I am deeply interested in this subject, and I Mr. FORAKER. Mr. President-- did intend to speak on the amendment, but I hope the Sena The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine yield tor from Indiana will not insist on letting this rna tter go on. to the Senator from Ohio? I want to vote on it Monday. Mr. HALE. Certainly. Mr. BEVERIDGE. So do I. Mr. FORAKER. I wish to make pne suggestion in connection Mr. SMOOT. And so far as I am personally concerned, rather with the proposed consent agreement, which is that after 3 than not have an agreement at this time that we shall vote o'clock or 4 o'clock on Monday we be limited to ten-minute upon it on Monday, I would waive my right to speak at all. speeches. There are a good many Senators here who would 1.\Ir. HALE. Other Senators have said the same thing. like, in a few words, to express why they intend to vote as 1.\fr. BEVERIDGE. I shall be very glad to make such an they will vote, who will not have any chance unless there is agreement. I will say to the Senator from Maine, with this some limitation of that kind. That will give everybody an op modification, that we meet at 12 o'clock-- portunity to say something. Mr. HALE. Eleven o'clock. Mr. HALE. I did not think of that. 1.\Ir. ALDRICH. Eleven o'clock. 1.\Ir. FORAKER. It is reasonable to make that request. 1.\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Whatever the hour may be. I see on the Mr. HALE. I have no idea that any Senator will object Senator's list seven or eight speakers. 'Ye know that those to it. speeches can not be made before 3 o'clock. I think the orig Mr. SUTHERLAND. Mr. President-- inal suggestion of the Senator from Maine would be the wiser The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from l\Iaine yield one. to the Senator from Utah? 1.\Ir. ALDRICH. Why not make it 4 o'clock instead of 3 :Mr. HALE. Certainly. o'clock. ... · 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. I desire to call the attention of the 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. Let us leave it to the good sense and the Senator from Maine to the fact, which has been overlooked, mutual consideration of Senators, and agree to what the Sena· '5236 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD- SENATE. APRIL 25, tor from Maine originally requested, that we dispose of the bill The VICE-PRESIDEi~T. The Senator from Maine asks and all amendments before adjournment on 1\Ionday. ' unanimous consent that the consideration of the pending bill 1\Ir. HALE. That is all right. be resumed at 11 o'clock Monday next, that the debate proceed Mr. BEVERIDGE. Very well. I hope the Senator will make until 4 o'clock, and that, beginning with 4 o'clock, speeches be that request. limited to ten minutes each, and that the Senate vote on the 1\Ir. 1\lcCU.MBER. Mr. President-- pending amendment and amendments to be offered and the bill The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine yield itself before adjournment. Is there objection? to the Senator from North Dakota.? Mr. BACON. I wish to inquire if the form in which the Mr. HALE. Certainly. Chair submitted it would not cut off morning business? Mr. McCUMBER. I wish merely to make a suggestion. The VICE-PRESIDE1\'T. It would. That is in the agree· Mr. HALE. I have had so much experience with these things ment proposed. that I think we will get an agreement by gentle, easy processes. 1\fr. HALE. I want to cut off morning business. 1\Ir. 1\IcCUl\lBER. I was going to suggest-and I think it Mr. BACON. Yery well, if that is the intention. would come better from me than from some one who has not The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair spoken on this subject, for they might feel some delicacy on hears none. and it is so ordered. the point-that those of us who ha-ve spoken on this question shall be limited to ten minutes in any address upon Monday. PENSIONS AND INCREASE OF PENSIONS. That will give better opportunity to those who have not spoken The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend to be heard. ment of the House of Representatives to the amendment of the 1\fr. HALE. The Senator is a good Senator and a great Senate to the bill (II. R. 17874) granting pensions and increase humorist. I ha\e another suggestion to make, which will help of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the civil war and out-that the Senate meet at 11 o'clock on Monday. certain widows and dependent children of soldiers of said war. Mr. KEA.N. Take a recess? l\fr. .McCUMBER. I move that the bill, with the amendment Mr. HALE. We can fix that. of the Rouse to the amendment of the Senate, be referred to 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. That is immaterinl. the Committee on Pensions. Mr. HALE. I can mo\e that when the Senate adjourns to The motion was agreed to. day it be to meet at 11 o'clock on Monday next. SUSAN M. YEOMAN AND OTHERS. ~Ir. KEAN. Let us take a recess. Mr. HALE. Or take a recess, which is better still, and that The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend after 4 o'clock speeches be limited to ten minutes. I do not ment of the House of Representatives to the amendment of the want to curtail Senators who may want to make longer speeches Senate to the bill (II. R. 1589) granting an increase of pension on this matter, but that will give five hours. We can do all to Susan M. Yeoman. the voting in an hour or an hour and a half, and can get away Mr. McCUMBER. I move that the bill, with the amendment and get to our homes seasonably. I shall feel like a new man of the House to the amendment of the Senate, be referred to the • when I get this off my mind. Therefore I make that request, Committee on Pensions. and I will follow it by asking unanimous consent that, as a The motion was agreed to. part of the proposition, the Senate take a recess until 11 o'clock Monday. ADDITIONAL REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Mr. FORAKER. 1\fr. President-- Mr. BULKELEY, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Maine yield whom was referred the bill (S. 4806) to amend the military to the Senator from Ohio? record of Aaron Cornish, reported it with an amendment and 1\fr. HALE. Certainly. submitted a report (No. 568) thereon. Mr. FOR.AKER. Let me make a suggestion to the Senator. l\Ir. DIL.LINGHAl\I, from the Committee on the District of Instead of taking a recess until 11 o'clock Monday I suggest Columbia, to whom was referred the bill (S. 6242) for the es that the Senator move that when the Senate adjourns to-day it tablishment of a probation and parole system for the District be to meet at_ll o'clock Monday. I do not like the suggestion of Columbia, reported it with an amendment and submitted a of projecting Saturday's session into .Monday by a recess, which report (:::{o. 569) thereon. shall likewise include Sunday. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the Mr. BEVERIDGE. The question of a recess or an adjourn bill ( S. 6359) to change the name and jurisdiction of the infe ment is not very material. ·rior court of justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, Mr. HALE. I do not think it is very material. I now reported it with amendments, and submitted a report (No. mo-ve--- 570) thereon. Mr. McCUl\fBER. Will the Senator from Maine withhold JOSEPH S. OAKLEY. his motion until certain bills may be laid before the Senate? 1\Ir. FORAKER. I report back favorably without amendment 1\lr. HALE. Other business can be transacted after the from the Committee on Military Affairs the bill ( S. 4451) to agreement is made. amend record and grant honorable discharge to Joseph S. 1\Ir. McCUMBER. I understood that the Senator was about Oakley, and I submit a report (No. 567) thereon. I ask for the to move a recess. present consideration of the bill. l\Ir. HALEJ. No; I am not. I move that when the Senate The Secretary read the bill, and there being no objection, the adjourns to-day it be to meet at ll o'clock on l\fonday. Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its consider The motion '\Vas agreed to. ation. It proposes to so amend the records of the War Depart :Mr. HALE. Now, I ask unanimous consent-meeting at 11, ment as to set aside the finding of the court-martial in the case would not 3 o'clock give ample time? of Joseph S. Oakley, late lieutenant, Company D, One hundred Mr. BEVERIDGE. Four. and twentieth New York Volunteer Infantry, and grant him an Mr. HALE. Well, 4 o'clock. I ask that after 4 o'clock honorable discharge; but no bounty, pay, or other allowance speeches shall be under the ten-minute rule--- shall become due by reason of the passage of this act. 1\Ir. BEVERIDGE. I think that is entirely fair. Mr. HALE (continuing). And that the final \ote s:Qall be The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or taken on all amendments and the bill before adjournment. dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, Mr. BEVERIDGE. I think that is entirely fair. and passed. .Mr. IL.tiJE. Yes; that is satisfactory to et"erybody. LANDS IN MINNESOTA• Mr. CULBERSON. Of course it is understood that the time Mr. CLAPP. I report back from the Committee on Indian between 11 o'clock and 4 will be somewhat equitably divided Affairs, with amendments, the bill (II. n . 1Vu41) to authorize between those who want to discuss favorably the amendment the drainage of certain lands in the State of .Minnesota, and and those who are opposed to it. With that understanding I I submit a report (No. 571) thereon. It is a locnl bill, it relates haYe no objection to the agreement. only to the State of Minnesota; and I ask unanimous consent Mr. HALE. We ha-ve never made any definite agreement, for its present consideration. I will be glad to explain it if but have left all that to the Chair. I ha\e no doubt that that anyone desires an explanation. will be properly cared for. The VICE-PRESIDE:XT. The bill will be read for the infor '.rhe VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator fTom l\Iainc asks as a mation of the Senate. part of tbe agreement that the bill be taken up immediately The Secretary read the bill, and there being no objection the upon convening on Monday? Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its cou l\Ir. HALE. Yes. sideration . 1908. CONGRESS! ON AL REOORD~EN ATE.. 5237) The first amendment was, in section 5, page 2, line 25, after The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the the word "time," to insert the words "within three months," amendments were concuned in. so as to read: The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill That at any time within three months after any sale of unentered to be read a third time. lands has been made In the m::tnner and for the purposes mentioned The bill was read the third time and passed. in t his act pa.tent shall issue to the purchaser thereof upon payment to the receiver of the minimum price of 1.25 per acre, or such other ADDITION .A.L BILLS INTRODUCED, pt'ice as may have been fixed by law for such lands1 together with the usual fees and commissions charged in entry of liKe lands under the :Mr. STEPHENSON (for Mr. I1A FoLLETTE) introduced the homestead laws. following bills, which were severally read twice by their titles Tbe mendment was agreed to. and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee The next amendment was, in section 5, on page 3, line 7, after on Pensions : the word " laws," to insert : A bill (S. 6834) granting an increase of pension to Harrison If such payment is not made to the receiver within three months J . Case; from the date of such sale all right to purchase or enter said land on A bill ( S. 6835) granting a pension to Della S. Bond; the pa rt of the person purchasing at the sale provided in section 3 A bill (S. 6836) granting an increase of pension to James F_ of this act, shall cease and determine and said land shall, without further action or proceeding, be subject to entry under the homestead Spencer; la"·s, subject first to t he payment to the receiver of the minimum A bill (S. 6837) granting an increase of pension to Oscar 0 . price of 1.25 per acre, or such price as may have been fixed by law Stevens; for such land, together with the usual fees and commissions charged in ontry ; second, to the payment to the receiver by the purchaser A bill ( S. 6838) granting an incr@se of pension to Mortica S, at such sale of the amount appearing to have been paid therefor under Smith; and the provisions of section 4 of this act. A bill (S. 683D) granting an increase of pension to George W, The amendment was agreed to. Van Tassel. The next amendment was, in section 6, page 3, line 21, after Mr. PILES introduced a bill (S. 6840) to amend the laws the word "time," to insert "within ninety days," so as to make concerning transportation between ports of the Territory of the section read : Hawaii and other ports of the United States, which was read twice by its title and, with the accompanying paper, referred to SEC. 6. That any unpatented lands sold in the manner and for the purposes mentioned in this act may be patented to the purchaser thereof the Committee on Commerce. at any time within ninety days after the expiration of the period of WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CONVENTION, redemvtion provided for in the drainage laws under which it may be sold (there having been no redemption) upon the payment to the re The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following ceiver of the fees and commissions and the price mentioned in the pre ceding section, or so much thereof as has not already been paid by the message from the President of the United States, which was entryman ; and if the sum received at any such sale shall be in excess read and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com of the payments herein t•equired and of the drainage assessments and cost of the sale, such excess shall be pa.id to the proper county officer mittee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed. tor the benefit of and payment to the entryman. To the Senate: I I transmit herewith for the consideration of the Senate a copy of The amendment was agreed to. the action of the War Department, the Navy Department, and the 1\Ir. BURKETT. I understood that the bill was being read Department of Commerce and Labor on the subject of the confirma for the information of tbe Senate and that it was not up for tion of the wireless telegraph convention signed at Berlin on November 3, 1906. consideration. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Mr. CLAPP. Oh, no; I asked unanimous consent for its THE WHITE HousE, April 25, mos. present consideration, and it was taken up. TESTS OF FUEL AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, 1\Ir. BURKETT. No one could tell whether he had any ob- jection to it until he knew something about the provisions of .Mr. HE~IENWAY . I ask unanimous consent for the imme- the bill. diate consideration of the resolution which I send to the desk. 1\Ir. CLAPP. I hope no objection will be made. It is abso- Tbe resolution was read as follows : lutely local and pertains simply to the State of Minnesota. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Interior be requested to trans· Tbe VICE-PRESIDENT. The next amendment of the com- mit to the Senate a statement of the purposes and results ot the in· •tt ·11 b t t d vestigat.ions and tests of the fuels and structural materials of the ml ee Wl e s a e · United States, showing the bearing of these investigations on the con- The next amendment was, on page 4, line 5, at the end of sec- servation of the mineral resources of the country. tion 6, after the word " entryman," to insert the following pro- The Senate, by unanimous consent, proceeded to consider the viso : resolution. P1·o -,; i decl, That unless the payment of $1.25 per acre, or such other 1\Ir. TELLER. It has been the custom in the Senate for price as may have been fixed by law for such land, together with the th' t dd t t · k 1 d t di t d t t usua l fees and commissions charged in entries, be paid to the receiver lr y-o years, 0 my cer arn mow e ge, o rec an no o within said ninety days all rights of the entryman and ·au rights of request an officer, except the President. I move to amend the the purchaser at the sa le provided for in section 3 of this act shall resolution so as to direct the Secretary of the Interior. cease a nd determine, and said lands shall, without further action or "'h VICE PRESIDENT Th dm t ill b t t d pmcerdings. be subject to homestead entry under the provisions of the -'- e - 1 • e amen en W e S a e • homestead laws, subject to paying to the receiver, first, the minimum The SECRETARY. Strike out the word "requested" an office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs relating to employment of PILEs] to the naval appropriation bill now pending. I will United States soldiers during the year 1907 within or in the vicinity of the Navajo Indian Reservation, Arizona, in arresting By-alil-le and read it, as it is somewhat indistinct: other Navajo Indians, which resulted in the killing by the soldiet•s or Substitute by Mr. NEWLANDS for the amendment offered by the Sen others of two Indians and the wotmding of at least one other Indian, ator from Washington [Mr. PILES] to the bill (H. R. 20471) making and such correspondence and other data, if any, as will furnish the appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June names and the number of Navajo and other Indians who were im 30, 1900, and for other purposes. prisoned at any time within the three years last past, to_~ether with the names of those now imprisoned, in the Territories of .New Mexico The following to be added after line 5, page 87 : and Al'izona, the charges against each of said Indians, by whom made, "For an auxiliary navy, consisting of transports, colliers, scouts, by what legally constituted court or othet· proceeding they "\\ere ad dispatch boats, and othet· vessels necessary in aid of the fighting ships judged guilty of the charges against them, as a result of which the in case of war, $20,000,000, and the Secretary of the Navy, the Secre said Indians were imprisoned, the terms of their sentences, and tary of Commerce and Labor, and the Postmaster-Geneml are hereby whether at hard labor or otherwise. constituted a commission t o recommend to Congress a plan for utilizing such ships in times of peace as training ships for a n aval reserve and RIGHTS OF THE STATES. at the same time utilizing them undet· lease to private shipping com panies or otherwise in pt·ojecting new routes of mail and commerce to 1\Ir. TELLER. I send to the desk a resolution which I ask foreign ports. , to have read and then lie on the table. The resolution was read as follows: The VICE-PRESIDENT. The proposed amendment will be printed and lie on the table. R esolved, That the maintenance of the principles promulgated In the Declaration of Independence and embodied in the Federal Constitu PUBLIC BUILDING AT EVERETT, WASH. tion are essential to the preservation of our republican institutions, and that the Federal Constitution, the rights of the States, and the Mr. ANKENY. I wish to call up the bill (S. 4242) provid Union of the States must be preserved. That the maintenance Inviolate of the rights of the States, and es ing for the erection of a public buUding at the city of Everett, pecially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic in the State of Washington. mstitutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to The Secretary read the bill, and there being no objection, that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depends. the Senate, as in Committee of the 'Vhole, proceeded to its con sideration. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be printed and The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Build- lie on the table. ings and Grounds with amendments. _ COMPANillS B, C, AND D, TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. The first amendment was, on page 2, line 1, before the word Mr. BULKELEY. Mr. President, I desire to giye notice that ';hundred," to strike out "four" and insert "two," so as to on Thursday next I will ask the Senate to listen to some re read: marks on Senate bill 5729, in regard to the Brownsville affray, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he Is hereby, authorized AB and directed to purchase, or acquire by condemnation proceedings, a on the supposition that the Senator from Missouri [1\Ir. W site and cause to be erected thereon, at the city of Everett, in the NER] will then have completed his remarks. I leam from him State of Washington a suitable building for the use and accommoda that owing to his condition of health he will require at least tion of the United States coUl'ts, the post-office, and other Government offices in said city, with fireproof vaults extending to each story, the the morning hours of Tuesday and Wednesday under the pres- site and building thereon, when completed according to plans and speci ent arrangement. - fications to be previously made and approved by the Secretary of the Mr. WARREN. I wish to ask my colleague on the committee Treasury, not to exceed the cost of $200,000. a question. I assume that his notice to speak is not intended The amendment was agreed to. to interfere with appropriation bills? The next amendment was, on page 2, line 1, after the word Mr. BULKELEY. No, sir; not in any way. "dollars," to strike out the following words: RESUR\EY OF TOWNSHIPS IN COLORADO. And the sum of $400,000 Is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated for the purchase of said 1\fr. GUGGENHEIM. I ask for the present consideration of site and the completion of said building. the bill ( S. 6033) to provide for the resurvey of certain town ships in Colorado. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 2, line 19, to strike out the 1\Ir. KEAN. The bill has already been read, I understand. I following: objected to it when it was up before. If, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present Secretary of the Treasury shall deem further Investigation necessary, consideration of the bill? he may appoint a commission of not more than three persons, one of There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com whom shall be an officer of the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said proposed site and such othe1·s as the Sec mittee of the Whole. retary of the Treasury may designate, and grant such hearings in rela The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Lands tion thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said commission shall, with amendments. within thirty days after such examination, make to the Secretary of 1, the Treasury written report of their conclusion in the premises, accom The first amendment was, on page beginning with line 5, panied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken or sub to strike out all down to and including the word " meridian," mitted to them in like manner as hereinbefore provided in regard to on line 9, page 3, and to insert : the proceedings of said agent of the Treasury Department ; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall thereupon finally determine the location Township 9 north, of ranges 86, 87, 88, and 89; township 8 north, of the building to be erected. of ranges 86, 87, 88, and 89; township 7 north, of ranges 86, 87, 88, The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secre 89, 90, n.!ld 91; township 6 north, of ran~es 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, and tary of the Tt·easury, but the same shall not exceed $6 per day and 91; township 5 north, of ranges 85, 86, lj7, 88, 89, 90, and 91; town actua~ traveling expenses : P1·o vided, hotcet•er, That the member of said ship 4 north, of ranges 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 91; township 3 not·th, commission appointed from the Treasury Department shall be paid of ranges 85 and 86 ; township 1 south, of ranges 101 and 102 ; town only his actual traveling expenses. ship 2 south, of ranges 101 and 102; township 3 south, of ranges 100, So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to 101, 102, and 103; township 4 south, of 1·anges 100, 101, and 102; defray the expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling ex township 7 south, of range 102; township 8 south, of ranges 102 and penses of said agent. and the compensation and actual traveling ex 103; township 10 t;;outh, of range 97; township 11 south, of ranges penses of said commissioners and otheL· expenses incident to the selection 97 and 98; township 12 south of ranges 93, s:l4, 95, 96, 97, and 98; of the site, and for necessary sm·vey thereof, shall be immediately township 13 south, of ranges im, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94" 95, 96, and 98 ; available. - township 14 south, of ranges 89 and 96; township 1~ north, of ranges No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as 87, 88, 9, 90, and 91; township 11 north, of ranges 87, 88, 89, and hereinlJefore provided, until a valid title to the site for said building 90; township 10 north, of ranges 86, 87, 88, and 89; township 4 north, shall be vested in the United States, nor until the State of Washington of range 90 ; township 3 north, of ranges 88, 89, 90, and 91 ; township shall have ceded to the United States exclusive jurisdiction over the 15 south, of rane 89, all west of the sixth principal meridian. same, during the time the United States shall be or r emain the owner The amendment was agreed to. thereof, for all purposes except the administration of the criminal The next arnendmenf was to add, at the end of the bill, t laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. following additional pro1iso: The amendment was agreed to. And pt·ov idcd further, That the resurvey herein provided for be re The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the stricted to townships In which more than half of the area at the time amendments were concurred in. of entering upon the work of resurvey is public lanq. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The amendment was agreed to. the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the The title was amended so as to read: "A bill to pro\ide for amendments were concurred in. the purchase of a site and the erection of a public building at The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the city of Everett, in the State of Washington." the third time, and passed. MONUMENT TO OEN. PATRICK EDWARD CONNOR. AUXILIARY NAVY. :Mr. SUTHERLAJ\"TI. I ask for the present consideration of Mr. NEWLANDS. I offer the following substitute for the the bill ( S. 643) for the erection of a monument to the memory amendment proposed by the Senator from Washington [Mr. of Gen. Patrick Edward Connor. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5239' and grant him an honorable discharge as of date 1\farch 28, 1863 : The Secretary read the bill, and there being no objection, th~ Provided, That no pay, bounty, or other emolument shall accl ue by Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its con reason of this act. sideration. It proposes to appropriate $20,000 for the purpose of procuring and erecting in Salt Lake City, Utah, a suitable The amendment was agreed to. monument to the memory of Gen. Patrick Edward Connor, the The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the same to be expended and the site therefor selected under the amendment was concurred in. direction of a commission composed of the Secretary of War and The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the governor of Utah. the third time, and passed. 1\Ir. KEAN. In order that my memory may be refreshed as The title was amended so as to read: "A bill to correct the to the T"~luable ervices of this gentleman, I should like to have military record of !Iirrick R. Burgess." the report published with the bill. PUBLIC PARK IN WOODWARD, OKLA. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I ask that the report may be printed without being read. 1\fr. OWEN. I ask unanimous consent for the present con There being no objection, the report, submitted by l\Ir. WET sideration of the bill (H. R. 12773) granting to the city of MORE on the 17th instant, was ordered to be printed in the "\\'oodward, in the State of Oklahoma, lot 2, block 48, for park RECORD, as follows: and other public purposes. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the REPORT. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to grant to [To accompany S. 643.] the city of Woodward, Okla., lot No. 2, in block No. 48, in that The Committee on the Library, to whom was referred the bill. (S. 643) city, for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of that city, for for the erection of a monument to the memory of Gen. Patrick Edward park and other public purposes.. Connor, have had the same under consideration and report it back without amendment. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or Gen. Patrick Edward Connor came to America from Ireland at a very dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. early age. He enlisted in the Regular Army and served on the south western frontier for five years. During the Mexican war he raised a JOliN OATES. company of volunteers in Texas and led them as their captain at the battle of Buena Vista, where he was wounded and received honorable l\Ir. BULKELEY. I ask unanimous consent for the present mention for gallantry in the official dispatches. At the close of the consideration of the bill (S. 5883) to correct the military record Mexican war :P.e settled in California. When the civil war broke out he was offered the colonelcy of the Third California Volunteers. His of John A. Oates. command consisted of the Third California Volunteer Infantry and a There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the part of the Second California Cavalry, afterwards joined by a few Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported companies from Nevada, and numbering all told 700 men. These troops had volunteered in the expectation of being ordered to the seat of war from the Committee on l\Iilitary Affairs with an amendment, in but the long march overland was considered too irksome, and Colonei line 5, after the name " John," to strike out the initial "A," so Connor was ordered to remain in Utah. About this time Connor was made brigadier-general. as to make the bill read : · General Connor's greatest service while stationed in Utah, outside Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to of the firm stand he took in behalf of law and order, was his masterly review the military record and revoke the order of dismissal by general campaign against the Shoshones and Bannocks, which ended in what court.s-martial of John Oates, late a private in Company D, Fourteenth is known as the battle of Bear River. For fifteen years these Northern United States Infantry, and issue to him an honorable discharge as of tribes had infested the overland mail route, slaughtering and plunder September 21, 1864 : Provided, That no pay, bounty, or other emolu ing emigrants, massacring settlers and burning their homes. General ments shall become due or payable by virtue of the passage of this act. Connor determined to put a stop to these savageries and marched against the Indians in J"anuary, 1863. The main battle was fought on The amendment was agreed to. the 29th and the power of the Indians was broken. This victory The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the opened up the fertile lands of Idaho and the North to settlement. This Indian war and the magnificent results which followed General amendment was concurred in. Connor's victory have not received adequate recognition in the pages The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read of history for the reason that our country was at the time engaged in the third time, and passed. the all-absorbing strife of the civil war, and the exploits of such soldiers as General Connor did not receive the attention, nor the com The title was amended so as to read: "A bill to correct the manders the credit, which would have resulted in times of peace. The military record of John Oates." grave of General Connor occupies a plot of ground in the military cemetery at Fort Douglas. It IS :Qroposed to erect a monument in his PUBLIC BUILDING AT MILLEDGEVILLE, GA. honor at some spot in Salt Lake City best suited to the purpose. :Mr. CLAY. I ask unanimous consent for the immediate con l\Ir. TELLER. l\Ir. President, I want to say just a word or sideration of the bill (S. 2734) to provide for the erection of mo. I knew Pat Connor, and I knew him T"ery well. I knew a public building in the city of Milledgeville, Ga. him in the eal'ly days when he was out in the West, and I want There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the to vote for his monument. I am very glad to do it. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported l\Ir. KEA.N. I have had no .idea of T"Oting against the bill. from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grolmds with an The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or amendment, at the top of page 2, to insert "The building to be dered to pe engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, erected shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open and passed. space of at least 40 feet on each side, including streets and THOMAS SMITH. alleys," so as to make the bill read : Be it e>tacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Trea~ury be, and he Is :Mr. BULKELEY. I ask unanimous consent for the present hereby, authorized and directed to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, consideration of the bill' (S. 4134) to correct the military record or otherwise, a site and cause to be erected thereon a suitable building, of Thomas Smith. including fireproof vaults, elevators. and heating and ventilating ap paratus, for the use and accommodation of the United States post There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the office, in the city of Milledgeville Ga., the cost of said site and build Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It directs the Secre ing, including said vaults, hearing1 and ventilating apparatus, and tary of War to grant to Thomas Smith, a corporal of Company approaches, not to exceed S50,000. The building to be erected shall be unexposed to danger from fire I, Eighty-seventh New York Infantry Volunteers, an honor by an open space of at least 40 feet on each side, including streets and able discharge as of date of June 30, 1862; but no pay, bounty, alleys. or other emoluments shall become due or payable by virtue of the passage of this act. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, amendment was concm·red in. and passed. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third·reading, read t}ile third time, and passed. MIRRICK B. BURGESS. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill to provide for 1\fr. BULKELEY. I now ask unanimous consent for the the purchase of a site and the erection of a public building present consideration of the bill (S. 40) to correct the military thereon in the city of :Milledgeville, Ga." record of l\Iirick R. Burgess. COMPANIES B, C, AND D, TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Mr. WAR~TER . I do not know whether it is in the RECORD Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported 11 from the Committee on Military Affairs with an amendment, in but I should like to haT"e it appear that the time for me to con line 4, after the words " record of," to strike out " l\Iirick " tinue my address on the Brownsville affair has been changed and insert " 1\Iirrick," so as to make the bill read: from Monday, April 27, to Tuesday, April 28. 1\fr. KE.AN. I move that the Senate adjourn. Re it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to correct the military record of Mirrick R. The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 10 minute!'.! Burgess, late of Company I, Third Regiment New Hampshire Volunteer p. rn. ) the Senate adjourned until Monday, April 27, 1W8, at ln!f!ntrv, and Company H, Twelfth Regiment Un~ted States Infantry, 11 o'clock a. m. 5240 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. AP~ 25, Ct·awford Hammond Livingston Pratt HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Davenport Haugen Longworth Prince Davey, La. IIenry, Conn. Lorimer Ransdell, La. SATURDAY, April ~5, 1908. Dawes Hepburn Loud Riordan Dawson Hill, Mi s. Lowden Rucker [Continuation of the legislative day of Montlay, April 20, 1908.] Dunwell Hitchcock McCreary Small The recess ha1ing expired, at 11.30 o'clock a. m. the House Edwat·ds, Ga. Hobson McHenry Smith, Cal. Edwat·ds, Ky. Howard McKinlay, Cal. Smith, Micl!. was C:!.lled to order by the Speaker. Ellis, Oreg. Huff - McKinney Snapp COTTON FUTURES. Fassett Hughes, W.Va. McLain Steenerson Focht Hull, Iowa McLaughlin, Mich.Stevens, Minn. The SPEAKER. The House will be in <¥"der. The question Fordney Jackson McMillan Sturgiss f 3 on sus11ending the rules and passing the House resolution Foulkrod James, Addison D. Marshall Sulzer Fowler Kinkaid Miller Talbott 1 ~a. 33 , offered by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BURLESON] Gaines,·Tenn. Kitchin, Wm. W. Moon, Pa. Thomas, Ohio nnd debated yesterday. Gardner, Mass. Knopf Moore, Pa. Tirrell Garrett Lamar, Fla. Mouser Wallace Mr. WILLIAMS. 1\fr. Speaker, I call for the yeas and nays. Gill Langley Mudd Watkins The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WIL Goebel Laning Nelson Weems LIAMS] demands the yeas and nays. Goldfogle Law Nicholls Weisse Gordon Leake Olmsted Wheeler 1\Ir. PAY ... rE. I understand that the gentleman from Missis Goulden Lee Overstreet Wiley sippi a k. for the yeas and nays. Graham Legare Pattet·son Willett The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi demands Greene Lever Pearre Wilson, Ill. Baggott Lilley Peters Wilson, Pa. the yeas and nays. Hall Lindsay Pou Wolf Mr. PAYNE. Then, Mr. Speaker, I make the point that there Hamill Littlefield Powers is no quorum present. · The Clerk a:finounced the following additional pairs: The SPEAKER. The point is well taken. The Doorkeeper For the session : will close the doors. 'l'he Sergeant-at-Arms will notify absent 1\fr. CURRIER with 1\fr. FINLEY. Members. Those fa1oring the motion will answer "yea," those Mr. SHERMAN with Mr. RIORDAN. opposed will answer "nay," those present and not voting will Mr. BRADLEY with Mr. GOULDEN. ans"er "present." The Clerk will call the roll. Until further notice:· The question was taken, and there were--yeas 218, nays 19, Mr. McKINLAY of California with Mr. GARRETT. answered " present " 15, not 1oting 135, as follows : Mr. GRAHAM with Mr. PETERS. YEA.S-218. Mr. STEVENS Of Minnesota with 1\fr. WEISSE. Adair Draper Humphrey, Wash. Payne Mr. HENRY of Connecticut with Mr. LASSITER. Adamson Driscoll Humphreys, Miss. Perkins Aiken Durey James, Ollie M. Pollard Mr. McCREARY with Mr. HOWARD. Alexander, Mo. Dwight Jenkin Porter Mr. GREENE with Mr. LAMAR of Florida. Alexander, N. Y. Ellerbe Johnson, Ky. Pray 1\fr. COUDREY with Mr. HOBSON. Allen Englebright Johnson, S.C. Pujo ~ ~ Ames Esch Jones, Va. Rainey Mr. BENNETT of Kentucky with 1\Ir. EDWARDS of Georgia. Andrus li'aircbild Jones, Wash. Randell, Tex. 1\Ir. ADDISON D. JAMES with Mr. KIMBALL. Ansberry Favrot Kahn Rauch 1\Ir. MUDD with 1\fr. WALLACE. Ashbrook Ferris Keifer Reeder Bartholdt li'inley Keliber Reid 1\Ir. l\iooRE of Pennsylvania with Mr. WILEY. Bartlett, Ga. Flood Kennedy, Iowa Reynolds Mr. HULL of Iowa with Mr. SLAYDEN. Bartlett, Nev. Floyd Kennedy, Ohio Rhinock Mr. HEPBURN with Mr. LIVINGSTON. Bates Fornes Kipp Richardson Beale, Pa. li'oss Kitchin, Claude Robinson Mr. LANGLEY with 1\fr. IlAMLIN. Beall, Tex. Foster, Ill. Knapp Rodenberg Mr. ROBERTS with 1\lr. BROUSSARD. Bede Foster, Ind. Know land Rothermel 1\Ir. HAGGOTT with 1\fr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN. P.ell, Ga. Foster, Vt. Kiistcrmann Russell, 1\Io. Birdsall French Lafean Russell, Tex. 1\Ir. BARTHOLDT with Mr. DAVEY of Louisiana. Bonynge Fuller Lamar, 1\fo. Ryan Mr. CHANEY with 1\Ir. HILL of Mississippi. Booher Fulton Lamb Sabath Mr. FASSETT with Mr. HARDWICK. Bowers Gardnet•, Mich. Landis Saunders Rt'O\VIllow Gardner, N.J. Lassiter Scott Mr. GAINES of West Virginia with Mr. RUCKER. Bmndidge Garner Lawrence Sheppard Mr. ACHESON with Mr. BRANTLEY. Burgess Gil hams r .. enahan Sbet·ley 1\Ir. OVERSTREET with 1\lr. PATTERSON. Burleigh Gillespie Lewis Sherwood Bnt'lesoa Gillett Lindbergh Sims 1\ir. OLMSTED with Mr. RANSDELL of Louisiana. Burnett Glass Lloyd Slemp 1\Ir. THOMAS of Ohio with Mr. LEVER. Butler Godwin Lovering Smith, Iowa. Mr. SMITH of Michigan with Mr. WoLF. RvrJ Graff McCall Smith, Mo. Calder bead Granger McDermott Smith, Tex. Mr. l\IooN of Pennsylvania with Mr. WILSON of Pennsylvania. aldwell Gregg McGavin Southwick Mr. MILLER with Mr. WILLETT. Campbell Griggs McGuit·e Sperry Mr. McMILLAN with Mr. SULZER. Candler Gronna McKinley, Ill. Spight Capron Hackett McLachlan, Cal. Stanley 1\fr. McLAUGHLIN of Michigan with Mr. SPARKMAN. Cary Hackney McMorran Stephens, Tex. Mr. McKINNEY with Mr. SMALL. Chapman Hale Macon Sterling Mr. LoUD with Mr. SHACKLEFORD. Clark, :r.!o. Hamilton, Iowa Madden Sulloway Clayton Harding Madison 'Taylor, Ala. Mr. LORIMER with 1\lr. Pou. Cole Haskins Mal by Taylor, Ohio 1\Ir. LONGWORTH with Mr. NICHOLLS. Cook, Colo. Hawley Maynard 'l'histlewood Mr. LAw with Mr. McLAIN. Cooper, 'l'ex. Hay Mendell 'l'bomas, N.C. Cooper, \Vis. Hayes Moore, Tex. Tou Yelle 1\fr. LANING witll Mr. LINDSAY. Cox. Ind. Heflin Morse Underwood 1\Ir. HUFF with 1\Ir. LEE. Craig· Helm · Murdock Vreeland 1\Ir. HUGHES of West Virginia with 1\!r. LEGARE. Cravens Henry, Tex. Mnrpby Waldo Currier Hi~ gins Norris Washburn Mr. HAUGEN with Mr. HITCHCOCK. Cushman Hill, Conn. Nye Watson l\fr. FoULKROD with 1\fr. HAMMOND. Dalzell Hinshaw O'Connell Webb Mr. FOCHT with l\fr. HAMILL. Davidson Houston Olcott WPeks ~ Davis, Minn. Howell, N.J. Padgett Williams 1\Ir. DAWSON with Mr. GOLDFOOLE. DeArmond Howland Page Wood 1\fr. CooK of Pennsylvania with Mr. GILL. Denby Hubbard, W. Va. Parker, N. J. Woodyard 1\Ir. CocKs of New York with Mr. GAINES of Tennessee.., Denver Hughes, N. J. rarker, S.Dak. Dixon Hull, Tenn. Parsons Mr. CALDER with Mr. FITZGERALD. NAYS-H>. 1\Ir. BURTON of Ohio with 1\fr. DAv'ENPORT. Bennet, N. Y. Ellis, Mo. Loudenslager Townsend Mr. BURTON of Delaware with 1\fr. CRAWFORD. Crumpacker / Fitzgerald Mann Volstead Mr. BuRKE with Mr. CoCKRAN. Darragh Hamilton, Mich. Needham Wanger Mr. BARCLAY with Mr. CLARK of Florida. Diekema Howell, tab Stafford Young Douglas Hubbard, Iowa Tawney Mr. BARCHFELD with Mr. CARTER. ANSWERED " PRESENT "-15. Mr. WILSON of Illinois with Mr. LEAKE. Conner Hardwick Kimball Sherman Mr. BANNON with 1\fr. CARLIN. Cousins Hardy 1\loon, Tenn. Slayden Mr. ANTHONY with l\Ir. BRODHEAD. f:aines, W.Va. Harrison Roberts Sparkman llamlin Holliday Shackleford Mr. PEAnRE with Mr. TALDOTT. NOT VOTING-135. Mr. PRINCE with 1\fr. GoRDON. Acheson Boutell Burke Chaney Mr. BINGHAM with Mr. MooN of Tennessee. Anthony Boyd Burton, Del. Clark, Fla. Mr. DUNWELL with Mr. WATKINS. Bannon Bt·adley Burton, Ohio Cockran Mr. CooPER of Pennsylyania with Mr. McHENRY.. Barchfeld Brantley Calder Cock,s, N.Y. Barcl:1y Brodhead Carlin Cook, Pa. Until April 28 : . Bennett, Ky. Broussard Carter Cooper, Pa. Mr. CAULFIELD with Mr. HAnDY. Jlingbam Brumm Caulfield Coudrey 1\Ir. LOWDEN with 1\Ir. HARRISON. 1908 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. • 5241 For the day : Mr. MANN. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. PowERs with Mr. PRATT. Mr. DALZELL. Certainly. The SPEAKER. On this vote the ayes are 218, noes 18, Mr. :MANN. The Treasury Department takes care of the answering "present" 15, and the motion prevails. The Door Government buildings. They have laborers employed for this keeper will open the doors. purpose? MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. Mr. DALZELL. Yes. A message from the Senate, by Mr. CROCKETT, its -reading Mr. MANN. I think the highest pay these laborers now re clerk, announced that the Senate had passed bill and joint ceive in New York and Chicago is $50, and elsewhere not to resolution of the following titles, in which the concurrence of exceed $45 a month. Would this in any way authorize an the House of Representatives was requested: increase of their pay? S. 6539. An act to authorize the Copper Ri'rer and North 1\fr. DALZELL. The law as it exists now does not fix the western Railway Company to construct a bridge across Bering pay of laborers. The Secretary of the Treasury fixes the pay Lake, in the district of Alaska ; and and pays them out of a lump appropriation. They now get, the S. R. 75. Joint resolution authorizing and directing the Secre highest of them, $770 a year, and this bill proposes to authorize tary of \'\'ar to make a survey and examination for a continu an increase of the pay to $840 a year. This refers to laborers ous waterway from Boston, Mass., by various routes to Wil in the customs service. This $770 per annum is the figure that mington, N. C. was given us by the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and related to laborers in the customs service, and this bill, if SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED. passed, will authorize an allowance to laborers in the customs Under clause 2, Rule XXIV, Senate joint resolution of the service up to the maximum of $840 per annum, in the discre following title was taken from the Speaker's table and referred tion of the Secretary of the Treasury. to the appropriate committee, as indicated below: 1\Ir. MANN. All these are paid out of the permanent appro S. R. 75. Joint resolution authorizing and directing the Sec priations? retary of War to make a sur\ey and examination for a con Mr. DALZELL. Yes. tinuous waterway from Boston, Mass., by various routes to 1\Ir. MANN. So that the Secretary of the Treasury will have Wilmington, N. C.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. the money with which to make this increase, if lle chooses? COMPENSATION IN CUSTOMS SERVICE, Mr. DALZELL. He has not had it heretofore. Mr. DALZELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules 1\Ir. CRUMPACKER. Does the bill under consideration in- and pass the following bil1, with two amendments. clude any laborers outside of the customs service? · The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill as amended. 1\Ir. DALZELL. Not at all. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. CRUMPACKER. It is confined to the customs service? A bill (H. R. 21003) fixing the compensation of certain officials in the Mr. 1\IcCAI... L. The whole bill relates to the customs service? customs service, and for other purposes. Mr. DALZELL. The whole bill relates to the customs Be it enactecl, etc.., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and be is service. hereby, authorized to increase and fix the compensation of laborers in the customs service, as be may think advisable, to a rate not exceeding Mr. STAFFOHD. It does not relate to other laborers in $840 per annum. charge of buildings? SEc. 2. That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, au Mr. DALZELL. It relates simply to the customs senice. thorized to increase and fix the compensation of inspectors of customs. as be may think advisable, not to exceed in any case the rate of $5 The Committee on Ways and Means would not ha'e had juris per diem, and in all cases where the maximum compensation is paid no diction qt any other subject. allowance shall be made for meals or other expenses incurred by in spectors when required to work at unusual hours. The next section authorizes an increase in the pay of in SEC. 3. That hereafter ueputy collectors, assistant appraisers and spectors to the maximum of $5 a day. The pay of inspectors examiners of merchandise, examiners of tea, and examiners and special was fixed a great many years ago at $3 a day. 1\Iore than examiners of drugs, in the customs service, shall be appointed by the Secretary of· the Treasury on the nomination of the collectot· or ap forty years ago it was increased to $4 a day, and two years ago praiser, respectively, in their respective districts; and the Secretary of or four years ago, I do not now recall exactly, the pay of in the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to fix the compensation spectors at the port of New York was increased· to $5 a day. of each in such an amount as be shall deem proper, not exceeding That left a discrimination, of course, between the inspectors of $3,500 per annum. SEC. 4. That hereafter deputy naval officers and deputy surveyors the port of New York and the inspectors of the various other ports of customs shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury on the of the country, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and so forth. nomination of the naval officer or surveyor, respectively, in their re Now, in the judgment of the committee, in view of chunge 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5243 Mr. KELIHER. Yes; but this legislation, if passed, may it would the customs revenue. Why? Because you have got be used as a le\er upon the Appropriations Committee to get to have a man at every distillery. You have got to have agents an appropriation which will•allow the officials to pay the labor all over the country. You have got to watch the sale of tobacco. ers the salary they should have. You ha\e got to go out in the country and see that there is no :Mr. UNDERWOOD. It merely says they shall not go above violation of the internal-revenue laws, and you have got to have a certain figure; it does not say they shall all come to a certain a great many more men. On the other hand, in the customs figure. It is a limitation, not a lever. It does not offer any service the smuggling is protected by the Revenue-Cutter Service, thing that may in the future embarrass the administration of and that is not included in this cost. On the other band, Mr. any customs office of a port. On the other hand, though, as to Speaker, the customs service is brought to particular ports. It the salaries paid to the inspectors, the deputy collectors, apprais is brought where the officers of the Government can be concen ers, and the deputy nayal officers, they have been receiving a trated. fair compensation in the past. Now, it is contended before the Mr. KAHN. Will the gentleman yield right in that connec committee that the compensation is not sufficient to get ·good offi tion? cers; that by reason of the increased cost of living that these Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will, for a question. men should recei\e additional compensation. Now, all I have to Mr. KAHN. Certainly. Is it not .a fact that by the reason say along that line is this: That here for the last ten years the of the customs being collected principally in the large cities of price of living has been rising year after year and year after the counh-y that the salaries should be raised because the cost year, and bills of this kind have been pending in the com of living in those large cities bas gone up so greatly in recent mittee for the last ten years advocating an increase of these years? salaries to these officers because the cost of living was in Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will answer that by saying to the creasing, t!ut here to-day we come to a proposition where gentleman from California that the fact is that the salaries the cost of living is falling. In all the time that the cost of now of the customs officers are Yery much greater than the sal living in the United States was increasing there was no effort aries of similar officers for the collection of internal revenue, made by the committee to bring out one of these bills and to and most of those officers live in the large cities. But what I pass a bill of this kind; but when we reach a panic and a say is, that there is such a difference in the cost of collecting panicky condition, when the cost of living is falling in every this re\enue. Now, I will call the attention of the House to respect, when the price of foodstuff has come down and the this fact, that in 1900 the collections of internal revenue price of clothing has come down and the price of rental has amounted to $295,000,000, that the expense of collecting the come down, the committee comes before the House with a same was $4,446,000 or H per cent. The amount of customs proposition to pass a bill to increase salaries because the cost revenue collected in that time was $233,000,000. The cost of of living is increasing, when, as a matter of fact, the cost of collecting the same was $7,467,000, or 3.21 per cent. I have the living is falling to-day, and will continue to fall until this figures here for the other years, but I will come down to 1905 panic is over. . to show that it is not improving at all. In 1905 the internal Mr. GOLDFOGLE. Will the gentleman pardon an interrup revenue collected amounted to $234,000,000, collected at a cost tion for a moment? The cost of living has not decreased in of $4,338,000, or a cost of collection of 1.85 per cent, whereas New York City, nor in the other large cities of the country, the customs revenue collected was $261,000,000, collected at an and from personal experience I want to say to the distin expense of $9,115,000, or a percentage of 3.48 per cent, it cost .tinguished gentleman from Alabama that I know the men in ing more than twice as much to-day to collect the customs reve the customs senice in New York, the laborers and the in nue in this country than it does the internal revenue of this spectors, are not getting sufficient money to enable them to meet country. the cost of living in that large city. Now, I say that there is no necessity for that. If this sys Mr. ADAIR. None have resigned. tem of collections was properly investigated by the committee 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. My friend on my right suggests none of and properly considered, we could reduce the cost of collecting them have resigned on that account. I have only a few minutes the customs revenue down to the neighborhood of the cost of and I can not yield further-- collecting the internal revenue. But, following the position Mr. GOLDFOGLE. The difficulty is to get other employment that our Republican friends ha\e always maintained when perhaps; but notwithstanding the fact remains that they do not there is anything in reference to tariff customs collection or get adequate salaries for their faithful and efficient ·work, and customs revenue, of "standing pat" and never revising any tllat the cost of living has not decreased, as the gentleman from thing, this cost of collecting the revenue is going on up, stead Alabama suggests. ily increasing, steadily accumulating, and I say it is the duty 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Now, I beg the gentleman's pardon. of this House to vote down this bill. I agree with the gentle The cost of living in New York City I can not speak of; but this man from Massachusetts [Mr. KELIHEB] that there ought to bill is not a bill for New York City-- be some adjustment of this matter. I am in favor of an ad Mr. GOLDFOGLE. But other cities are in the same category. justment of it, but I am not in favor of picking out a few Mr. UNDERWOOD. This bill is a bill for the customs service fayorite places and increasing the salaries and never adjust of the United States from Maine to California, and there is not by cutting down the cost of this service where it ought to be any question about the proposition that the cost of living in the cut down. United States is falling all along the line; foodstuffs are going 1\lr. GOLDFOGLE. Does the gentleman believe that $840 down. per annum to a laborer, who works pretty bard, I assure the Mr. KELIHER. Will the gentleman yield for a moment? gentleman, is too much? Does the gentleman disapprove of that feature of this bill which Mr. UNDERWOOD. The gentleman is taking up my time equalizes the salary of inspectors and other officers? without listening to what I have said. This bill does not pro Mr. UNDERWOOD. Yes; I do agree with the gentleman, pose to increase the salary of the laborers, and if you vote for and I am coming to that-- the bill with the idea that you are increasing any laborer's Mr. GOLDFOGLE. It confers discretionary power on the salary, you will be making a mistake. This bill puts a limita Secretary of the Treasury. tion on the cost of labor that is not in the law to-day. It holds Mr. UNDERWOOD. If the gentleman will allow me to have down the salary of the laborer. the floor I will be obliged, for I can not speak with so many 1\Ir. DIXON. Is there any complaint that it is impossible to gentlemen interrupting me. I do agree t~at these salaries ought secure competent men at these prices? to be equalized, that they ought to be readjusted, and that there Mr. UNDERWOOD. Not at all. is need for legislation; but I do contend that this bill ought to Mr. KELIHER. Will the gentleman point out the way it be defeated, and why? Because for years we have gone along will hinder the customs if we pass this bill? increasing the salaries, increasing compensation in the customs Mr. UNDERWOOD. It will hinder it in this way: If we go service, until we bave increased the cost of collecting customs on increasing the salaries when anybody asks for an increase in revenues way beyond the cost of collecting the internal revenue. salary, and never investigate the matter at all of reducing the It is costing this country a great deal more to collect the cus cost where it ought to be reduced, we will never get a bill toms revenues than it does the countries of Europe, where they through this House for a reduction. have a border line not fenced in by water and by oceans, but Why, I say to the gentleman that in some parts of this coun fenced in by bayonets to protect them against smuggling, and try where there is $5 of revenue collected it costs $1,600 to-day yet our cost of collecting customs bas increased above theirs. to collect that $5 of revenue. Now, does the gentleman say Now, I wish to call attention to the difference in the cost of that we ought to continue to give it, and make a service in this collection between the internal revenue and the customs collec country authorizing a system where it is to cost us $1,600 to tions. collect $5, instead of revising these laws? We would naturally presume that it would cost a great deal Mr. KELIHER. I say to the gentleman that that wrong in more money to collect the internal revenue of this country than the administration should not be visited on the men who are • 5244 CONGRESS!ON AL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 25, manifestly entitled to more pay, and which the pending meas knows, and all the Members of this House know, that the chair ure provides. man of the Committee on Ways and Means in the l:tst Congress Mr. m'DERWOOD. Certn.inly not. cried i:ime .and again to wipe out these ports that ought not to Mr. KELIHER. As an evidence of the inequality of salaries exist where it costs more to collect the re-v-enue than the revenue paid, take the case of inspectors. Twenty years ago in Boston itself amounts to, and the Congress refused to do it. Now, if we had eighty-five of them, receiving $4 per day; now we have Oongress refuses to do wbat it ought to do in thn.t direction, only seventy-seven, and their compensation is the s:1me. Yet that furnishes no reason why Congress should not be just to in that time the business of our port has increased amazingly. faithful offi I• i ANSWERED "PRESENT "-9. way for sewer and street purposes through and along the mili I Brodhead Hardy Marshall Sahath tary Reservation at Fort Lawton, Wa~h., and through the Gill Harrison Robinson Smith, Tex. resenations for the Lake Washingh.i"'l Canal, as amended by IIamlin the House committee. NOT VOTING-141. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Washington moves to Anthony Edwards, Ga. Jackson Patterson Ashbrook Edwards, Ky. James, Addison D.Pearre suspend the rules and pass the following Senate bill, with Ba.rchfeld Ellis, Mo. Jenkins Peters amendments, which the Clerk will report. narclay Fairchild Kimball Pou The Clerk read as follows: Bartholdt Fassett Kinkaid Powers Bartlett, Nev. Focht Kitchin, Wm. W. Pratt Be it e1l.acted, etc., That the city of Seattle, a municipal corporation Bede Fornes Lamar, Fla. Pujo of the State of Washington, is hereby granted the right to construct Bennett, Ky. Foss Lamb Ransdell, La. and maintain a tunnel for sewer and drainage purposes under and Ringham Foulkrod Langley Reid across the military reservation of Fort Lawton, Wash., from a point Boyd Fowler Law Riordan on the east boundary of said reservation so selected that the cen Broussard Gaines, Tenn. Leake Roberts tral line of said tunnel shall bear north 82° west, approximately, Brownlow Gardner, Mass. Lee Rucker to the intersection of L street and Delaware avenue (formerly McGraw Brumm Gardner, N.J. Legare Slayden street) of the Seattle tide lands; thence northwesterly into Puget Burleson Garrett Lilley Slemp Sound : Pt·oviaea, That all work on the reservation shall be subject Burton, Del. Gillespie. Lindsay Small to the approval of the Secretary of War and to such regulations as Burton, Ohio Gillett Littlefield Smith, Iowa he may prescribe in the interest of good order and to prevent any un Calder Goulden Livingston Sparkman necessary injury to the reservation or to public property thereon: Caldwell Graham Longworth Stanley Provided further, That if, at any time, the discharge of said sewer Carlin Grnnger Lorimer Sterling shall become injurious to the sanitary conditions of Fort Lawton, the Caulfield Greene Loud Stevens, Minn. city of Seattle, upon notification b:y- the Secretary of War, shall ~ke Chaney Gregg Lovering Sturgiss prompt measures to abate the obJectionable features: And pro-r;~dec~ Cl k Fl Haggott Lowden Sulzer further That if the construction of the Lake Washington Canal shall co~~r'an a. Hall McCreary Talbott have been decided upon before the completion of said sewer, the city Conner Hamill McHenry Tawney of Seattle, with the supervision and approval of the Secretary of War, Cook, Colo. Hammond McKinlay, Cal. Vreeland may so modify the location of the outfall and the route across the Cook, Pa. Hardwick McLain Wallace reservation as best to meet the new conditions created by the canal. Cooper, Pa. Haugen McLaughlin, Mich.Watson SEc. 2. That the city of Seattle is also granted a right of way 150 Condrey Henry, Conn. McMillan Weems feet wide, for street and tunnel purposes, across the reservations for Cousins Henry, Tex. Miller Weisse the old and new locations of the Lake Washington Canal-the central crawford Hepburn Mondell Wiley line of said right of way bearing approximately north from a point on Davey, La. Hill, Miss. Moon, Pa. WW!1Iett P the south line ()f the old location reserve, situated about 639 feet 1 westerly from the southerly monument in Twenty-fourth avenue north Davis, Minn. Hobson Moore, Pa. 1 son, a. (formerly East street) ; together with the use for similar purposes of Dawes Holliday Mudd Wolf land included by the south boundary of the old location reserve, the Douglas Howard Nicholls east boundary of said right of way, a line bearing approximately north Dunwell Hughes, W. Va. Norris from said southerly monument, about 70 feet, to the northerly monu Dwight Hull, Iowa Olmsted ment in Twenty-fourth street, a line bearing westerly from said north so the motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill was erly monument, parallel to and 70 feet distant from the southerly line of the old location reserve, about 460 feet in length, and a line from the agreed to. . . westerly end of the last-mentioned line, bearing north about 44 deg~ees The Clerk announced the following additional pa1rs : and 14 minutes west, about 150 feet, to the east boundary of said nght Until further notice : of way : Pt·ovided, That any structures placed by said city in said right :Mr. DOUGLAS with 1\Ir. CABLIN. of way shall be subject to the supervision of the Secretary of War and to such changes as he may from time to time prescribe in order that ~e :Mr. DWIGHT with Mr. CoCKRAN. use of said rights of way shall not obstruct any improvements wh1ch Mr. ELLis of Missouri with Mr. FoRNES. the nited States may make on said reservations. lli. FAIRCHILD with Mr. GILLESPIE. SEC. 3. That the city of Seattle is also granted the right to construct and maintain a tunnel to carry water~,. sewer, gas, and other pipes, and Mr. GILLETT with Mr. GREGG. electric wires under and across the .uake Washington Canal Reserva Mr. HOLLIDAY with Mr. HE~"'BY of Texas. tion near Third avenue, west, in the city of Seattle subject to such conditions as to location and plans of the tunnel and ~o such .changes Mr. JENKINS with Mr. LAMB. in respect thereto as the Secretary of War may from trme to time pre :Mr. SMITH of Iowa with Mr. PATTERSON. scribe in order that the tunnel shall not obstruct any iLlprovement Mr. LoVERING with Mr. PuJo. which the United States may make on said reservation. SEc. 4. That the city of Seattle is further granted the right to open Mr. TAWNEY with Mr. REID. and perpetually maintain a public street in and along the southern, :Mr. VREELAND with lli. SABATH. eastern and northern boundaries of the military reservation of Fort Mr. WATSON with Mr. STANLEY. Lawton' Wash., using for that purpose a strip of land 30 feet wide within 'the reservation and along said boundaries, beginning at the Mr. MARSHALL with Mr. GRANGER. meander corner between sections 15 and 16. township 25 north, range 3 1\Ir. LAFEAN with 1\fr. SMTTH of Texas. east. Willamette meridian; thence along the reservation boundary Mr. DAWES with Mr. RIORDAN. northerly, easterly, northerly, westerly, northerl~ westerly,. northerly, westerly and northerly to the meander line on me1 north s1de of sec Mr. SLEMP with Mr. SPARKMAN. tion 10 'of said township and range: Pt·ovided, That all expense of Mr. PETERS (in favor of) with Mr. ROBINSON (against). openin"' constructin&', and maintaining said street shall be borne by Mr. BINGHAM with Mr. BURLESON. said citY and that the work of moving the Government fences to the lo· cation made necessary by this grant shall be done by said city without Mr. BROWNLOW with Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. expense to the United States and to the satisfaction of the military Mr. CoNNER with 1\Ir. AsHBROOK. authorities. Mr. CoUSINS with Mr. BARTLETT of Ne"ada. The SPEAKER. Is u second demanded? 1\fr. DAVIS of Minnesota with Mr. CALDWELL. Mr. WILLI.A.l\IS. I demand a second. Mr. DOUGLAS. 1\Ir. Speaker, I desire to vote. . Tho SPEAKER. Under the rule _a second is ordered. The The SPEAKER. Was the gentleman in the Hall and listen gentleman from \V·ashington is entitled to twenty ~utes and ing when his name should have been called? the gentleman from Mississippi is entitled to twenty mmutes. Mr. DOUGLAS. I was called to the telephone and missed Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. 1\fr. Speaker, the PUFPOSe the calling of my name. of this bill is, first, to permit the city of Seattle to construct The SPEAKER. The gentleman does not bring himself a sewer across Fort Lawton, as is shown here on the map. The within the rules. next section is to permit the city of Seattle to run its streets 1\fr. FORNES. Mr. Speaker, I desire to vote. under the Lake Washington Canal right of way, which is rep The SPEAKER. Was the gentleman in the Hall of the resented on the map by this red line. The third purpose is to House and listening at the time when his name should have permit the city of Seattle to construct a roadway around the been called? edge of Fort Lawton, as is shown here on the map. Mr. FORNES. I was not. I came in after my name was Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. By whom is the Lake called. Washington Canal owned? Is it private or public'! . The SPEAKER. Under the gentleman's statement he is not Mr. HUMPHREY of Washingto!J.. It is owned by the Gov entitled to vote. ernment. The purpose of running a sewer across through Fort Mr. COOPER of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I desire to vote. Lawton, coming out at this point where I indicate on the map, I was in my committee room and started for the Hall of the is because of the fact that at this particular point the tide sets House as soon as the first call bell sounded. The bell was very out at all times during the twenty-four hours. If it is not run slow in sounding, evidently, because when I reached the Hall out there, then the city will have to run it out at this point, of the House my name had been called. where the tide washes up on the shore, and it would then not The SPEAKER. Under the rule the gentleman is not only endanger the health of the city of Seattle, but it would entitled to vote. lead to the abandonment of the fort. We want to cross under The result of the vote was announced as above recorcled. the Lake Washington c!nal right of way. We want to con FORT LAWTON MILITARY RESERVATION, _WASH. struct a tunnel for street purposes and for sewer purposes, to Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. Mr. Speaker, I move to run our sewers and gas pipes and electric wires. suspend the rules and pass the bill ( S. 5126) to grant to the Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. At what depth under the city of Seattle, in the State of Washington, certain rights of canal is it proposed to have the street? "5246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 25, 1\Ir. HUMPHREY of Washington. That is to be regulated I Mr. WILLIAMS. I will yield five minutes to the gentleman by agreement with the War Department. It is under their from New Jersey. supervision and direction. I will say that the War Department I Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, let me simply has consented to this bill. In fact, all the authorities of the state that in this act there are four sections. They confused me Government think it ought to be passed. There is a light-house at first, and that is why we sent the bill to a subcommittee. at a point which I now indicate on the map, and the Light- The report by Mr. STEVENS makes it plain. Sections 1 and 4 are House Board all say the bill ought to be passed. It has passed all that have anything to do with the military reservation. the Senate unanimously and passed the House committee unani- Section 1 grants the right to put a sewer right of way across the rnously. reservation, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War in 1\lr. SHERWOOD. It is a unanimous report. all respects. The reason for the legislation is that the sewer Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. The necessity for the im- will go into the bay at the end of the point on the reservation, mediate passage of the bill is that the progress of this great and will do much less harm to the reservation than if it goes sewer, which represents over $4,000,000, is now being ob- into the bay anywhere else where the sewage would more likely structed, and can not proceed until this bill is passed. There be cast upon the reservation. is Yery great urgency to protect, not only the fort itself, but Section 4 is a provision that a street may be run along the to protect the health of the entire city of Seattle. boundary or the reservation. It is 60 feet wide, I believe. 'l.'his line, representing the Lake Washington Canal, runs A MEMBER. Thirty feet wide. almost through the center of the city, and there are 100,000 Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. Thirty feet wide, 15 feet people on this, the north side, and perhaps 150,000 people on coming off the reservation and 15 feet off of outside property. this, the south side. The city pays the expense of putting up the street and moving Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. What is the depth of the the Government fence, and the Government prefers to have the canal? street outside. 1\lr. HUMPHREY of Washington. It is not completed; it is a 1\fr. WILLIAMS. I think the gentleman from New Jersey right of way. is mistaken; I think 30 feet comes off the reservation and 30 1\fr. ORU.MPAOK.ER. What safeguards have you in the bill feet off some other property. as to the time the work will occupy, the refilling of excavations, 1\fr. PARKER of New Jersey. That is the way I had it at and the restoring of the former conditions? first; that was my recollection, but somebody interfered with Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. Nothing except that it is my statement. Now, that is all that has to do with the fort. under the control of the Secretary of War and the fact that it It seems that near the fort is a canal, as to which I am not has been agreed upon by all the authorities of Seattle and the altogether informed, but it is intended to be built, or is building, Secretary of War that the bill should take this form. The tun- for navigation purposes, and the city of Seattle also wants to nel is to be left open for street and other purposes. put streets under the canal, so as not to interfere with naviga- Mr. ROBINSON. Is there any safeguard as to the damages tion. that may accrue to the canal? The Government desires to encourage streets and communi- Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. That is left largely with cation by streets just as much as communication 'by canal, and the Secretary of War, but there is a provision that if they want therefore it agrees by sections 2 and 3 that these streets shall to proceed with the canal before the sewer is completed, then be run under the canal. If I am wrong in any of these state the Secretary of War may change the location at any time. ments, the gentleman from Washington [Mr. HuuPHBEY] will 1\fr. KAHN. If the canal was built it would be built under correct me. That is the way I understand it. the direction of the Secretary of War? Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. That is correct. Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. Yes; this bill went Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I frankly know very little through the hands of Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota, of the Com- about this matter, and have called for a second chiefly to get it mittee on Military Affairs, and when I say that Members will explained. I remember a day when I could have subscribed understand that all the rights of the Government have been perfectly to the statement of the gentleman from Washington preserved. [Mr. HuMPHREY] that the gentleman from 1\.linnesot:.:'l. [Mr. Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. If the gentleman will allow STEVENS], having carefully considered the bill, that was a very me, I want to say that we referred this matter to Mr. STEVENS, great reason to vote for it. My confidence in that gentleman's of the Committee on Military Affairs, to Mr. YouNG, and to a judgment upon all subjects is very exceedingly great, but his third Member, a Democrat; they went over it very thoroughly, judgment has been discredited by the Republican majority and so as to understand the matter and see exactly what it was by the Speaker here lately very much, and that leads me to and get the details from the Secretary of War, and they were believe that it is a patriotic duty to my country to in-vestigate advised that the bill in its present shape was all right. even matters that he has passed upon. The fact that the gen- 1\!r. LOUDENSLAGER. Will the gentleman from New tleman from Minnesota is one of the enthusiastic men who have Jersey yield for a question? introduced a bill, and wants it passed, for free wood pulp l\1r. PARKER of New Jersey. Certainly. and print paper, and that he has been discredited by not having Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Did they think it proper that this thus far been Tecognized to bring that bill up under suspension land should be given by the Government without any compen- of the rules, leads me to think that I perhaps ought to in>e ti sation whatever-a street 150 feet in width? gate even the legislation that he proposes to the House. I there- 1\Ir. PARKER of New Jersey. A street 150 feet wide does fore, being properly warned that his name is at the head of the not cross the Government reser\ation; it crosses the old Wash- report and that there may be something unpatriotic or even ington Canal location. treasonable in connection with any bill offered by any advocate l\Ir, HUMPHREY of Washington. Let me explain the mat- of free pulp and free paper, demanded a second. in order that ter to the gentleman from New Jersey. That 150 feet width is the gentleman from Washington might explain the bill. I was for a tunnel150 feet wide under the canal, to be used as a street. a little bit afrai(l that perhaps it had some connection ·with 1\Ir. PARKER of New Jersey. It is not over the Government free wood pulp and print paper, because of the identity of the reservation-- name at the head of the report with that introducing the bil! Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. It is under the Government reser- to put them on the free list, to which I ha-ve referred, and was vation. a little bit afraid that we were transgressing by its considera- Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. It is not under the Go\ernment tion some of the special rules lately promulgated by the Com- reservation; it crosses the location of the Washington Canal. mittee on Rules to stop Democratic agitation for remedial legis- Mr. WILLIAMS. If the Government does not own the prop- Iation. It seems to me, however, from consideration of the bill erty, why is the bill necessary? and the report that I may justly restore the gentleman from Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. The Government has a right Minnesota [Mr. STEVENS] to my nncient and wonted confidence. in it as a public highway or canal. It does not seem that it ought to be broken by the contents of Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. Mr. Speaker, I reserve this bill. This bill seems to be right, from all I can learn of the remainder of my time. it, and I shall be so glad to reassert my confidence in the judg- 1\fr. KAHN. B~fore the gentleman reserves the balance of ment of the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. STEVENS], who has his time, will he yield to me for one question? Is it not a fact reported it, in order that I may thereby recommend his judg that the entire military reservation was given by the city of ment upon other subjects-matter, including free paper and pulp, Seattle to the Government without a.n,y cost? that I shall later on call for the yeas and nays in order to go M1·. HUMPHREY of Washington. Yes; we bought it and paid on record in behalf of the pending legislation. [Applause and for it, and ga-ve it to the Government, and we did the fort also. laughter.] Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. Will the gentleman from Miss- There seems to be four different propositions contained in the issippi yield me a moment's time? bill, and as far as I can see there is no objection to the people 1908 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. .5247 of Seattle going under a canal if they want to, and having for its present consideration, but before doing that I desire to 30 feet of a military reservation added to 30 feet of their own ask unanimous consent that gentlemen who may not be present to make a 60-foot boulevard, although they do seem to be to-day may insert or extend their remarks in reference to the I getting it without paying anything for it. However, the gen eulogies. tleman from California [Mr. KAHN], my genial friend, who is The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Alabama always in favor of remedial legislation, except when the veto asks unanimous consent that Members may extend their re is put upon him by those higher in party authority, and in marks on the subject of the eulogies on Hon. JoHN T. nfoRGAN whom I have the utmost confidence, tells me that the reason and Hon. EDMUND W. PETTUS, which are to be considered this of that is because the city of Seattle originally gave the property day. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears to the Federal Government without any compensation. This none. recommends the measure to me, too, l\Ir. Speaker. It is so sel Mr. m~ERWOOD. Now, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous dom that from the Republican side of the Chamber there consent for the present consideration of the resolutions which comes any justification at all for conferring special privileges I send to the Clerk's desk. upon corporations without any compensation, that when I The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Alabama find there is an explanation and justification consisting in the asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of the fact that the beneficiary formerly did confer upon the Federal following resolutions, which the Clerk will report. Government some privilege without compensation, the cockles There was no objection. of my heart warm up to the proposed legislation, suggesting The Clerk read as follows: to my mind the probability of Republican conversion to some Resolved, That the House now proceed to pay tribute to the memory of the sound underlying principles of governmental science. :o~tfli/~~eTofM.A3.!~:.nd Hon. Eo~ru!'.-n W. PETTus, late Senators [Laughter]. I am, in fact, and have been for a long time, Resolved, '£hat as a. special mark of respect to the memory of the 1\lr. Speaker, of the opinion that whenever the gentleman from deceased Senators and in recognition of their distinguished public California. [l\Ir. KAHN] is let alone and left "in maiden medi services, the House at the conclusion of the exercises to-day shall stand in recess until 11 o'clock and 30 minutes a. m., on Monday next. tation, fancy-free," to pursue the paths of legislative dalliance Rcsol,;ed, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the according to his own ideas, he is a right able legislator. But Senate. whenever he is held down under the cup of oppression, whether Resol.,;ed, That the Clerk se'nd a copy of these resolutions to the by the Speaker or the Committee on Rules, I find him like most families of the deceased Senators. men upon that side, without initiative of any description. In Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, one word. I wish to say that fact, I did think the gentleman from California would this owing to the peculiar situation in which we find ourselves, the morning have the courage to send a written petition to the occasion with which we are very soon to be confronted, that I Speaker of the House to recognize somebody to move to sus shall not call for the yeas and nays upon this motion. pend the rules and discharge the Committee on Ways and Mr. MAl~. This is not a time for any partisanship, as every Means from further consideration of a free print paper and body admits. wood pulp bill, and put it upon its passage [laughter]-not The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing only because he is in favor of the legislation-for I understand to the resolutions. from his general character for fairness, of course he is, as The question was taken, and the resolutions were unanimously about eighty of you over there are-but because-- agreed to. 1\Ir. KAHN. Oh, the gentleman's understanding is wrong, as Mr. Ul\~ERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask that the Clerk read usual. the special order for to-day. ~Ir. WILLIA.J."US. Well, in this particular case I understand The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the spe my understanding is wrong. The gentleman is more subju cial order. gated than I thought. He seems to have had his opinion subju The Clerk read as follows: gated as well as his action. There are many over there who are Resolved, Thut the House of Representatives shall, at 2 o'clock on Sat in favor of it, however, and I understand that amongst them all urday, April 25, 1908, consider resolutions upon the life, character, and public services of the Hon. Jo~ T. MORGL'I" and the Hon. Eo:urrxn W. it would be exceedingly difficult to find one who would even PETTUS, late Senators from the State of Alabama. (Resolution adopted sign a petition-exercise the constitutional right of petition in the House March 31, 1!>08.) to the Speaker to be recognized to suspend the rules and pass The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the gentleman from Ala such a bill. bama [l\Ir. TAYLOR] take the chair? Having made these remarks in advocacy of the passage of the Mr . .TAYLOR of Alabama took the chair. bill, Mr. Speaker, I shall reserve the balance of my time. [Applause.] l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. l\Ir. Speaker, Alabama mourns to-day SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION DILL. two great men, JoHN TYLER MORGAN and ED:llUND WINSTO:.'i 1\fr. TAWNEY, from the Committee on Approprllitions, re PETTUS. Like two giant oaks in the forest of statesmen, the ported the bill (H. R. 21260) making appropriations for sundry lives of these two men have run contemporaneous with the his civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June tory of Alabama. Both were born within half ·a decade of their 30, 1909, ~d for other purposes, which was read a first and State's natal day. They grew to manhood amidst the trials, second time, and, with the accompanying report, referred to the hardships, and adventures of frontier life, when a great portion Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union and of Alabama was still a wilderness and before the Indian tribes ordered to be printed. were moved from the State. . Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. Speaker, I reserve all points of Their early manhood was spent in the prosperous days of an order. antebellum civilization, when cotton was king and the land was The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from New York new, when a man's honor was valued more than his gold, when reserves all points of order. work, honesty, and -courage could obtain every opportunity in FORT LAWTON MILITARY RESERVATION, WASHINGTON. life. From these golden days of peace and plenty, almost within 1\.Ir. DRISCOLL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the gen the space of a flash of lightning, their lives were encompassed tleman from Washington why the city bought this property and by the turmoils, dangers, and strifes of the civil war. Then gave it to the Government? Was there any ulterior motive? each drew his sword in defense of the State, and for gallantry Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington. Just out of public-spirited on the field of battle each returned home, when peace came ness; that is all. The Government needed a fort, so the city of again, wearing the single star, the insignia of a brigadier Seattle bought one and gave it to the country. general of the Confederate army. Mr. BAitTLETT of Georgia. Go out and see the place and Then came into their lives the dark, gloomy days of recon the people. I have been there. struction, of poverty, of racial strife, of destroyed homes, of Mr. HUl\IPli.IREY of Washington. I thank the gentleman dishonored courts--the days when lawlessness reigned su from Georgia. It is the same way about the right of way for the preme and protection to life and property was unrecked of Lake Washington Canal. We gave that to the Government also. onder the misused law of the land. It was through these ter Mr. U}."'DERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, has debate been con rible times that these two men stood together as pillars or cluded on this resolution? strength to their neighbors in their sufferings and distress, and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there any further demand as pillars of light to lead their State from the sloughs of dis for time? The question is-- honor and corruption back to the high ground of honor, peace, EULOGIES ON SENATORS MORGAN AND PETTUS. and protection. · 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. 1\Ir. Speaker, before the vote is taken, They lived to see their State, in their declining years, through I have a request to make. The eulogies on Senators MoRGAN their guidance, restored to Caucasian rule and prosperity and and PETTUS take place this afternoon, and I have a resolution happiness return to the farms and cities. The development of in my hand which I intend to offer, and ask unanimous consent the great mineral resources of north Alabama advanced their 5248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRlli 25, State to the first rank of the manufacturing, as well as the almost the last representatives of the old style of statesmen. agricultural States of the Union. They lived together for The people whom they represented never in any way showed eighty-odd years. They fought together on battlefields of war or had any preference for one over the other, but loved and and strife ; on fields of law and rhetoric ; in times of hardship honored both alike. When but young men they practiced law and danger; in times of peace and plenty. in the same little town of Cahaba, now itself only a memory, They died together, honored and loved by all their fellow and in later life they both moved to Selma, in the same countrymen, each bearing the high commission of a United county, where they lived for forty years or more. When the States Senator as the badge of honor conferred by a grateful day came for every true patriot to take up arms in defense of people on its two most worthy citizens. Alabama and the South we find them among the first to enlist. What an era to live through! What times they were to make Alike they started at the bottom of the ranks, and, alike, they character ! How many opportunities were there for the great were promoted time after time for bravery and efficiency until to rh;e and the weak to fall in those eighty years! Will any each was a brigadier-general. When the war was ended they man ever live through such changing times again? Will Ala both, like Cincinnatus of old, laid down the sword and returned bama again produce two such worthy sons? to their peaceful avocations to do each his part in rebuilding Senator MoRGAN was born in Athens, Tenn., on the 20th day the apparently prostrate South. Together they labored in that of June, 1824. He came to Alabama to live when he was 9 cause and together helped to lead their people through the dark years old, and received most of his education in the State of days of reconstruction. So nobly did they serve their State as his adoption. He was admitted to the bar to practice law private citizens that first General MoRGAN and then General when he was 21 years old, and continued in the practice for PETTUS was sent to represent their Commonwealth in the high thirty-two years, until he was elected to the Senate of the est branch of the National Legislature. So, together again, United States. He was a Presidential elector in 1860 and they labored, always untiringly, always with the highest de voted for Breckinridge and Lane. He was a member of the gree of efficiency, always well, always honorably for the State State convention that proposed the ordinance of secession. He and the nation which had claimed for their own the major joined the Confederate army in May, 1861, and rose from a part of the lives of both these magnificent American citizens. private soldier successively through the grades of major, Yes, together they had served, in one way or another, for more lieutenant-colonel, and colonel to ·the rank of brigadier-gen than the ordinary lifetime, and almost together they died, and eral. As a Presidential elector from Alabama he voted for lie to-day in the same cemetery in the beautiful city of Selma Tilden and Hendricks in 1876. He was elected to the United not more than a hundred yards apart. How fitting and appro States Senate in 1877, and continued to represent his State in priate it is, then, Mr. Speaker, that they should be considered that Chamber of the Congress until his death. here together to-day. To pay a tribute to one of them is but Senator PETTUS died in harness at the age of 86 years, the to eulogize the other, for in all that goes to make men great, in senior Senator in age in the Senate, and one of the most in· capacity, in devotion to duty, and integrity, they were alike; teresting figures that has ever appeared in public life. He and yet so different in so many respects. was bol'n in Limestone County, Ala. ; was educated in the com General PETTUs towered above his colleague in physical mon schools of the State and at Clinton College in Tennessee. stature; he was of massive build and rugged countenance, and He studied law; was admitted to the bar to practice when 21 deliberate in all that he did and said. Though profoundly years of age; was elected solicitor of the seventh judicial cir learned, he was a man of few words. He was possessed of cuit of Alabama within two years after he came to the bar; a remarkable sense of humor and a sparkling wit, though al went with a party of neighbors to California in 1849 on horse ways of serious mien. A most delightful companion, though back; serv~d as a lieutenant in the Mexican war, and was seemingly austere; blunt of speech, but filling his remarks with judge of the seventh Alabama circuit from 1855 to 1858. He wisdom and force. In argument or debate, deliberate in every entered the Confederate army as major of the Twentieth Ala thing, but putting so much force in few words that every blow bama Infantry in 1861, and was soon after promoted to be lieu was the blow of a sledge hammer, and every remark, though tenant-colonel, and in 1863 was made a brigadier-general for not eloquent, was delivered in such forceful manner and backed leading the troops of a Texas battalion to retake a salient of the by such wisdom that conviction was invariably carried to the works in which the Union forces had found a formidable lodg hearts of his hearers. His early life of campaign and adventure ment. Senator PETTus was without military training, but he made of him more a strong man of action than anything else. was the highest type of military soldier, always ready and cour General MoRGAN was· of slighter build and shorter stature ageous, fearless of danger, and able to rise above adversity. than General PETTUS; he was quick and versatile, a conversa For three decades after the civil war he refused to hold office, tionalist of powers to charm his hearers, even upon the most and he was 75 years old when the Alabama legislature first ordinary subjects; a speaker of eloquence and forcefulness un elected him to the Senate. He was twice thereafter elected surpassed. A student from his childhood, his four years in the without opposition, and died with eight years yet to serve. civil war, filled with hardships and adventure though they Senator PETTUS was a man of strong convictions, the growth were, failed to leave him more a soldier than a scholar, and he of years of experience; he was both wise and courageous as a continued to his death preeminently happy when exploring the public servant. From the first he took a prominent position realms of knowledge, or enlightening an a:udience with his rich in the Senate, and possessed the confidence and respect of his flow of eloquence upon important topics, of which he was al colleagues at all times. ways a complete master. The passing away of these two great men marks the close SENATOR JOHN T. MORGAN. of an era; they came down to us from. times that have gone Senator MoRGAN was born in Athens, Tenn., on June 20, from a civilization that has passed away. They stood like great 1824, but removed to Alabama when l;w was but D years of trees on a mountain peak that have breasted the storms of age. In those days an education of much scope was a thing centuries, and stand as grim, old sentinel~ of an age that has beyond even the brightest hope of any of the youth of that far passed. Southern State, except where the parents were in amuent cir They have gone from us; new officers command the ship of cumstances; and his parents being of moderate means, the state, and new soldiers are here to answer duty's call; but the education obtained by MoRGAN was from the ordinary schools names of MoRGAN and PETTUS will go resounding down the path of the day and at his mother's knee. But by natural inclina of time, marking the road to patriotism, courage, honor, and tion he was studious, and full of the desite to acquire knowl statesmanship for generations of Alabamians yet to come. edge and excel his fellows by the possession of information and the art of knowing how to use his store of knowledge to Mr. CRAIG. Mr. Speaker, having had the honor of living the best advantage. Never did he swerve from his course of since my birth in the same town with both General MoRGAN and acquiring knowledge and more knowledge and yet more knowl General PETTUS and having always thought of them together, I edge, until his mind became a veritable encycolpedia upon not trust the House will grant me the high privilege of saying only the important questions confronting the nation and its something about both of them. statesmen, but upon every imaginable subject. To the youth On one of the stone pillars supporting the gate leading into of our land who must make their own way in the world and the cemetery in which both of these illustrious men sleep is a gain for themselves the education that a lack of means denies tablet upon which is this inscription: them, no greater inspiration can come than the magnificent They are not dead who live in the hearts of those they loved. struggle and achievements of this sparingly schooled but never How fitting an inscription and how applicable to our two late theless most highly educated scholar and statesman. When Senators. ·well might it be said of them they · are not dead, but a youth he studied law in the office of William P. Chilton, but live in the hearts of a grateful people, who loved them and of Talladega, and when scarce 21 was admitted to the bar. delight to honor their memory. His progress in the profession was rapid, and ten years after The lives of Senator MoRGAN and Senator PETTUS were so his admission to the bar he removed to Dallas County and closely interwoven that they came to be thought of togethe_r _as <:_ontinued his practice at Cahaba, then the county seat. Here 1908. .CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE. 5249 he remained until the breaking out of hostilities between the was the case in the annexation of Hawaii. On that question North and South. During all the stirring times preceding the he stood steadfastly against the policy of President Cleveland, war he took an active part in the politics of his State, and in and it is due more to his farsightedness and determined stand 18GO was elected an elector on the Breckinridge and Lane than to anything else that the revolutionists in Hawaii were ticket. In his canvass of the State on that ticket he first came not turned over to a cruel monarchy to be m~rcilessly butchered, into State prominence as an orator, and from that time was while America stood aloof; little dreaming of the need she was destined to bold a place as one of the ablest leaders the people soon to have for those islands as a halfway station in the of Alabama have e--rer known. To such an extent bad that can Pacific during the Spanish war. His work in shaping the --rass and his untiring efforts for States rights placed him in the course of the United States in this instance and in promulgating forefront of the battle in which the State then found herself a system of laws for the Hawaiian Islands goes far toward that his presence as a member of the convention, commonly proving him one of the greatest statesmen of his time. His known as the " secession convention," was imperati--re, and ac services in the Bering Sea arbitration and his numberless other cordingly he was sent by Dallas County as her representative achievements are still bright in the memory of the generation in that body. His wonderful eloquence and his · strength as a and will take their rightful places in history. More than any debater won for him in that convention still greater renown other man may he be_called the " father of the Isthmian Canal," among the people, who, later, were to call him from private for, while the route that he favored was not ultimately adopted, life and make ·him their representative in the highest delibera it is due more to his ceaseless labor in educating Congress and tive body in the world. the people upon the necessity for an interoceanic canal than to In 1861 be enlisted as a private in the Cahaba Rifles, a com any other agency that the project of connecting the two oceans pany of the Fifth Alabama Regiment, and his services as a sol was finally undertaken by this country. How much, Mr. dier of the Confederacy ended only with the Confederacy itself. Speaker, might be said of the great work of this wonderful As he had led in the pursuits of peace, so was he to lead his man ! But I will mention but one more of his services to his cotmtrymen in war, and in a brief space of time he had risen from State, and that is his part in defeating the infamous "force the ranks to a colonelcy, and thence to the rank of brigadier bill." His speech upon that subject is one of the most remark general. When first appointed a brigadier-general he resigned able efforts of W:s splendid career, and I say, and believe that the commission, because he thought his regiment needed him I speak for every white man in Alabama and the South, that and he could do more good there, and not until his place in had he never accomplished anything in all his career save the his regiment was filled to his satisfaction would he consent to defeat of that bill, he had by that deserved and gained the ever accept the higher commission, which be held to the close of the lasting love and gratitude of a people who felt that the very war, thus demonstrating that in the truly great solicitude for life of their institutions was dependant upon his success in that the welfare of the country's cause is greater far than ambition fight. for glory and command. Ob, what a lesson such patriotism SENATOR EDMUND W. PETTUS. would be to the hustling, shouldering self-seekers of to-day, if Senator PETTUS was of the kind of American fashioned in the they would only stop in their mad race for plaudits and place school of adventure and trained and developed by the life of a and look upon the life of this truly great man, so strikingly soldier and pioneer. Born in 1821, he grew up with the coun outlined in this one unselfish, patriotic act! try, and himself helped to make its history. Like his colleague, Great though his achievements as a soldier were, the greatest he was trained to be a lawyer, and in very young manhood was achievements of General MoRGAN were in times of peace, when elected solicitor of the seventh judicial circuit of Alabama. he lent his matchless mind and energies to working out the Soon after he entered upon the duties of that office our nation great problems that confronted him as a statesman. Rising became entangled in disputes with 1\Iexico, and war was de high above the plane of the politician and measuring e--rery inch clared. True to every patriotic impulse, this sterling young a statesman of the purest type, it was but natural that as soon lawyer at once volunteered his services to his country, and went as the reconsh·uction period in the South was past and the to Mexico as a lieutenant in the United States Army, serving yoke of the Federal soldier and the carpetbagger had been gallantly and efficiently until the end of the war. tht·own off, making it possible for a true representative of the In 1849 his adventurous spirit led him to the gold fields of people to be elected, he should have been chosen to represent California, but the thirst for wealth and gold, for gold itself, Alabama in the United States Senate. His first term in the having no place in his nature, he returned to his native State, Senate began in March, 1877, and without interruption he where, in 1855, he was elected judge of the seventh judicial dis served until his death, on the night of Jtme 11, 1907, four trict. In 1858 he resigned the judgeship and moved to Dallas months after he had commenced the service of his sixth term, County, where he entered upon the practice of the law and the result of a unanimous election at the hands of the people where he lived for the remainder of his life. Settling in the town of his State. · of Cahaba, then .the flourishing county seat of the rich county His services in the Senate were a constant source of pride of Dal1as, he built up a lucrative practice, but when the rup to his constituents, and the impress which he has left upon ture between the North and the South could no longer be averted American legislation is lasting in character and marked by and hostilities were about to commence, he again left the peace the profound wisdom and farsightedness of the man. His great ful pursuit of his practice and took up the s"·ord to do his duty ability as a lawyer stood him in good stead in the Senate, and as he saw it. Starting at the rank of major, in t"·o years he his merciless cross-examination of certain railroad magnates had risen to the command of a brigade, which he led during the during the investigation of the refunding grabs of the Pacific remaining days of the war. In the discharge of this, as in the railroads, soon after his ad\ent into the Senate, placed him discharge of every other duty imposed upon him, he was coa among the best lawyers in that body. An incident is told in scientious, untiring, and brave, and was always looked to in connection with that investigation which indicates most times of great stress to lead his followers to victory. The mili strongly his high character. Not long after the investigation tary records of the Confederate government tell in no uncer had closed, the particular railroad magnate who had recei\ed tain terms of his bravery and devotion to duty, and to such men the most thorough drubbing at the hands of Senator MoRGAN as he and his illustrious colleague the people of the South owe called at the Senator's house. He was most cordially received, their victories in that bloodiest of wars. . as were all visitors to that most hospitable home. During his · The war being over, General PETTUS returned to Dal1as call the railroad man referred to the impression that had been County, and this time located at Selma, to which place the made upon him of the great legal abilities of the Senator, and county seat had been moved. In--raluable though his military told him that he had called to engage his services as counsel services had been, no one can say that any less \aluable were for his road, saying that they wanted him, and that he might his services to his people during the days that followed the himself fix his salary, no matter if it went as high as $50,000 a closing of the war; days that tried the soul of e.-ery true South year. The reply of Senator MoRGAN was, that so long as he ern man, for the great problem of dealing with a race of slayes, served his cotmh·y in the Senate he would serve no corpora made citizens overnight, and drunk with their supposed powe:;.· tions; that he had severed his connections with the railroads and the vain hopes placed in their hearts by unprincipled ad for which he was counsel at the time of his election, and that venturers, had to be dealt with with a firm purpose and by me:1 he would consider it a favor if the railroad magnate would equipped with courage and capacity for the fight. And so, leave his house. He often said that that offer was the greatest again, did he endear himself to his people. I say his pe::>ple, insult ever offered to him during his whole service in the for he was always one of them, never placing himself abo>e Senate. them or seeking his own ends, but always by them placed in Though an intense party man, he always considered his duty the lead where danger threatened or great problems were to be fo his country paramount to his party a11egiance, and when sol\ed. Is it strange, Mr. Speaker, that we should love such . (n·er his juugment led him contrary to the measures of his party a man as that? Is it strange that when he would, in later leaders, he did not hesitate to act upon his judgment. Such years, return to Selma after an arduous session of the Senate, XLII-329 5250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 25, his friends, young and old, would gather around him and bid Marion Cockrell. Benton's record was never equaled till March him warm welcome back to his home and Godspeed in his good 4, 18D7, when Hon. Justin Smith Morrill, of Vermont, began his work? thirty-first year of continuous Senatorial service. To this hour After the war, though always at his State's command and it has neyer been equaled except by Morrill, of Vermont, JoHN always in her councils, never did he accept a public office until, TYLER :UoRGAN, of Alabama, and WILLIAM BoYD ALLisoN, of when he was 76 years old, he was sent to represent Alabama Iowa. John Sherman, of Ohio, served thirty-two years in the in the United States Senate. He was sent by a loving people Senate in two sections of sixteen years each, being Secretary of who longed to honor him. How well do I remember the day the Treasury for four years between his two Senatorial serviC'es. when the news reached Selma that the legislature at Mont William M. Stewart, of Nevada, had thirty years of Senatorial gomery had elected him to the Senate. The news flashed like service in one section of twelve years and another of eighteen. wildfire over the town. The people were so happy that one Of the earlier Senators, William Rufus King, of .Alabama, would have thought that every man in the town had been one of her two first Senators, came nearest Benton's record, elected instead of only one. General PETTus was in Montgom serving in the Senate twenty-nine years fiye months and seyen ery, but would be home that morning, and the people began to days. If to that be added his forty-four days as Vice-Presi make ready to receive him. All business was suspended and dent, in which high position he died, his total service in the a general holiday declared. A.s his train drew into the city Senate was twenty-nine years six months and nineteen days. every steam whistle was turned loose, the cannon boomed, and His Senatorial service, however, was broken into mo parts by the people cheered until it was like bedlam. The General, not service as minister to France. He was one of the very few expecting such an outburst, did not know what to make of it, men in our history to serve in Congress from two States. Be and his friends who were on the train with him say that he sides his long service in the Senate from Alabama, he repre refused to believe that it was all done becau e of his election. sented a North Carolina district for three terms in the House. 'Vhen he descended from the train and took a carriage to drive He is also one of the very few men who resigned from the to his home the din and noise of the happy throng was deafen Senate twice. It may be remarked in passing that the resig ing; and then, spontaneously and on the spur of the moment, nation habit is not growing among Senators or among Repre the young men, as if all inspired by one thought, unhitched the sentatives. horses from his carriage and themselves pulled him through As Alabama began, so she continues. In our entire history the streets of Selma to his beautiful old-fashioned Southern only four men have been elected to the Senate for six full terms, home. He sat like one benumbed, scarce believing that all this Morrill, Sherman, ALLisoN, and MoRGAN. enthusiasm and love was for him; and when, at his home, he General :MoRGAN died in the fourth month of his thirty-first tried to thank his fellow-citizens, his tender heart gave way year of Senatorial service and. of his sixth full term. He was and the tears of gratitude and joy streamed down his rugged a remarkable man. It is not too much to say that he knew face. more than any other public man of his day. Knowing that all Of his services in the Senate none know better than the his manhood's days except his four years in the army and ex Members of this House, save his colleagues in the Senate. cept his three decades in the Senate bad been spent -as a busy Always honorable, always just, always looking for the right and lawyer, I always wondered how he found time to acquire such following it regardless of consequences, there has never been a an amazing store of information, for " amazing " is the one man in that body who had in a greater degree the respect and word which, to my mind, most fittingly describes his acquire confi dence of his colleagues and the country at large. ments in that regard. Lord Bacon, in a famous letter to his Mr. Speaker, Alabama is proud of these mo sons, both of jealous uncle, Lord Burleigh, said: "I haye taken all knowledge whom spent their lives in the service of the State, preferring to be my province," which seems to have been the case with the reward that comes with duty well performed to the 1·iches General MORGAN. Sidney Smith, of witty and, therefore, of th..'lt either might have gained in private life. Alabama loved blessed memory, declared that omniscience was a foible of his and. trusted them with never a shadow of a doubt. She weeps friend Jeffreys, and I do confess that sometimes it appeared to for them because she has lost them; but with a loving heart she me th!.tt Sidney's mot was more applicable to MoRGAN than to realizes that the rest into which they have entered is well de the editor of the Edinburgh Review. In the scope and thtn· served and sweet, and that their loved ones on the other shore oughuess of his information General MoRGAN classed with had waited long for their coming. Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Hart Benton, " Peace to their ashes ! " And may the blessings of a kind and James A. Garfield. Considered solely from the standpoint nnd loving Providence be showered upon them through all of quantity and variety of information, these men may be fairly eternity. termed the "big fiye" of our politics. Of the five MORGAN was the best speaker. [1\fr. BURTON of Ohio addressed the House. See Appendix.] There is a song to the effect that " Old Virginia never tires." Neither did MoRGAN in speech making. He realized his prolixity 1\fr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, Alabama came into himself and joked about it. Some one asked him how long the Union in 1819. From the day of her admission she has he could speak on a given subject, and he replied, jocosely, "If generally been represented ably, sometimes grandly, in the two I had studied the subject thoroughly and had my authorities Hou es of Congress. arranged, I could speak three days, but without preparation I From the beginning Alabama believed, as does Missouri, that could speak indefinitely." Eilmund Burke was dubbed "the it is sheer folly to change -her Senators and Representatives dinner bell" because, so soon as he began, a great many, un frequently. Consequently both these States retain their Sena fortunately for their own good, hurried out to dine and left him tors and Representatives for long periods, thereby giving them to harangue empty benches; but his speeches have become the an influence in legislation larger than their mere numbers would text-books of eloquence. So it will be with General MoR GAN. warrant; for let it never be forgotten that a man must learn to His speeches will be indispensable in any study of the times in be a Representative or Senator just as he must learn to be a which he lived and of the questions with which he wrestled. preacher, physician, lawyer, mechanic, merchant, or farmer. Justly he must be considered the father of the Isthmian The more brains, learning, and industry he has and the better Canal, though I have no sort of doubt, judging the future by his habits, the sooner he becomes proficient in the difficult art the past, that the New England scribes will filch from him that of legislating for the people and of a mighty Republic. I feel glory and confer it upon somebody from the northeast corner of free to speak on this subject because Missouri believes in length the Republic. of service of worthy men, and so do I. More than any other So far as I know Senator MoRGAN is the only man living or portion of the Republic New England and Pennsylvania seem dead that ever resigned a brigadier's commission to accept that to understand the value of long service here. Five Philadel of a colonel. Usually soldiers are as jealous of each other about phians-Kelley, O'Neill, Randall, Harmer, and Bingham-have rank as a lot of opera singers or the members of the diplomatic ser-red a total of one hundred and forty-nine years. General corps, and .MoRGAN's act mu t be forever rated as one of un Harmer was father of the House. General Bingham succeeded paralleled generosity and self-abnegation, growing out of his to the title, and long may he retain it; but it may surprise you absorbing love for the men of his old regiment. to learn that should he quit the House, still another Pennsylva Gen. EDMU~TD WINSTON PETTUS was the worthy Senatorial nian, Hon. JoHN DALZELL, would become the father of the House. yoke-fellow with Gen. JoHN TYLER MonGAN. They constituted Missouri was the first State to give a Senator thirty consecu a great team. From the very beginning of Caucasian domina tive years of service. She conferred that great honor upon one tion on this continent the names Winston and Pettus have of the greatest of all American Senators and statesmen, Col. figured conspicuously and always honorably in our affairs in Thomas Hart Benton. He served " six full Roman lustrums." both peace and war. Towns and counties have been called for as he said in his pompous way. To this day she is the oni.r them, constituting their perpetual monuments. General PETTus State that ever gaye thirty years of consecutive Senatorial was a ::;uperb representatiYe of both these historic families. service to two different men, the other being Gen. Francis By reason of proximity of residences here when he first came 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5251 to the Senate, I was better acquainted with General PETTUS [Mr. BOUTELL addressed the House. See Appendix.] than with General l\foRGAN. Another thing which brought us I· more in contact is the fact that our wives, both being Presby [Mr. MOON of Tennessee addressed the House. See Appen terians, attended Doctor Pitzer's church, the only Democratic dix.] PreEbyterian Church in Washington. The General and I may [Mr. CLAYTON addressed the House. See Appendix.] be not improperly denominated as sons-in-law to that church. We attended with our wives, he habitually, I occasionally. He The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Alabama and his good wife always took a front seat and it was a beauti [Mr. CLAYTON] will please take the chair. ful sight to see that venerable couple in the house of God. If I Mr. CLAYTON took the chair. had time, I would be delighted to make a speech about Doctor Pitzer and his church, their struggles and their triumphs, their .Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, already in the other small and difficult beginnings, and their present high standing House Senators from the North and East and from the great and commanding position. Doctor Pitzer came to rank as a sort Middle West and the Pacific coast and from the South llave of bishop. To illustrate the esteem in which he was held, once spoken most fittingly and elaborately of the two Alabama im a little girl who was a member of his church was asked what mortals who died in harness in that body. Yet it is none the St. Paul said on a certain subject. She replied: "I don't know less becoming in us of the House to add affectionate testimony what St. Paul said; what I want to know is what does Doctor to our own estimation of the distinguished dead. Pitzer say." Born in Alabama in the second year of her statehood, EDMUND General PETTUS was one of the most lovable men I ever knew. WINSTON PETTus grew up with his State and lived his whole He was the soul of courtesy, not of the bogus sort which con life of more than eighty-six years a beloved son and honored sists in bowing and scraping and genuflections, but in that citizen. At different periods of his life fie lived in six different genuine courtesy which means kindness of heart. He was a counties. The last half century and more of his splendid man princely man, of princely stature and of princely manners, hood was passed in Dallas County, middle Alabama, the heart plain, unostentatious, gracious, and courtly. He was 75 years of the Black Belt, among a people noted for intelligence., pah·iot old when first elected to the Senate-a most unusual thing. ism, and hospitality, where he knew everybody and everybody He brought to Washington the reputation of being a great knew and loved him. For this and other reasons he may well lawyer, and he maintained that reputation to the end. While be called the typical Alabamian, of whom the State was proud he held a high place among the Conscript Fathers, he was all of her days and all of his long life. He was familiar with too old to form the Senatorial habit; for there is a Sena every year of her history, and conh·ibuted substantially to make torial habit and a House habit, the two being quite distinct. that history. The part he played was not only important, but That is the reason why it occasionally happens to the general always prominent; yet the prominence was never of his own surprise that some man who is a great figure in the House seeking. He did not push himself, nor claim leadership, nor fails to sustain his reputation in the Senate. While General was he ever forward. His modesty was great and sincere. PETTUS made a fine reputation in the Senate, it would naturally When occasion for public service arose he was always present, and inevitably been greater had he entered younger and served but did not volunteer to lead. He waited till his people called, longer. and responded always promptly. He never had to w.ait long, In the days of the gold fever General PETTUS rode horseback for his people were quick to call on him to take his proper place. across the plains to California in search of the golden fleece. His unwavering confidence in the judgment of his people made He took in his saddlebags the Bible and Shakespeare and upon him accept whatever position they saw fit to assign. His worth them formed his style of strong, terse, luminous speech. . No was so well recognized and his wisdom so universally acknowl man of his day spoke purer English than General PETTUS. edged that at no time in the years of his manhood, when present He came of fighting stock on both sides of the house and was and a public question was to be considered or acted upon, did a soldier in two wars-the l\fexican and civil. In the former he his people in any part of his State fail to select him for a lead was a lieutenant; in the latter, major, colonel, and brigadier. ing part. His efficiency was not impaired by lack of self-appre The annals of the great war give no instance of fiercer fighting ciation; he was too brave and manly for that. Besides, he be than he did at Vicksburg. If he had performed that feat under lieved implicitly in the judgment of his people, and when they ;Napoleon, he would have been made a marshal of" France. The said "Lead," he obeyed, because it was their judgment that he heroic Texans whom he led that day elected him an honorary was the proper man to lead. He loved to perform public duties, Texan, a high honor which he greatly prized to his dying day. for he regarded the duties of citizenship as the highest duties of Happily, he was•endowed with rare powers of sarcasm and a man, and he performed them well, because he loved to serve saving sense of humor. When he made his celebrated speech in and obey his people. reply to Senator BEVERIDGE, an exceptionally exquisite piece of Senator PETTUS was descended from many generations of sarcasm, wit, and humor, it happened that I was lecturing at splendid ancestors, paternal- and maternal-Virginians and sol Michigan University. His speech was headlined and greatly diers of the Revolution. He was of kin to the Winstons, Tay exploited in the newspapers. It set the country in a roar from lors, Strothers, Gaines, and many others of the early families of sea to sea. The first time I was in the Senate Chamber after the Old Dominion. And while he was himself a born demo returning to Washington I congratulated the General on the crat, at heart and in truth, and looked down upon no worthy • fame he had achieved. Solemn as a graven image, he replied : man, he was proud of this fact, and did not hesitate• to an "My speech on that occasion was one of the indiscretions of nounce his opinion on it, as will appear from his remarks on youth." Senator HoAR, quoted on last Saturday by Senator GALLI ~GER. What happened to Generals MoRGAN and PETTUS in 1906 He married a Miss Chapman, also of high lineage, his equal wilJ, in all human probability, never be duplicated in this world. in every respect, and a lady who lived a lovely and a useful General MoRGAN, then past 82; was, in a primary election, unan life, and almost as long as her devoted husband. She died in imously nominated for a Senatorial term ending when he would 1906, scarcely more than a year ahead of him. be 89 years of age, and General PETTUS, at 86, was unanimously He lost his father in very early life, and was reared by a nominated for a term which would end when he would be 95. splendid mother. Notwithstanding, he had · some advantages of The intention of Alabama was to keep these two illush·ious education, and besides the old-field school, spent a term or men in the Senate so long as they lived, which she did. Taking more at Clinton College, Tennessee. into consideration, however, the fact that both were well past He read law, as was the custom in those days, in the office the Psalmist's extreme limit of forescore years, and the further of a lawyer in north Alabama. fact that the Alabama legislature is elected for four years, the It will not surprise anyone who knew the man to hear that people did the unheard-of thing of nominating alternate Sena he was a soldier in the .Mexican war and held the rank of lieu tors, who now occupy the seats of MoRGAN and PETTUS. tenant. He did not reach high rank immediately in his profes Without exaggeration or bad taste, it may be confidently de sion, though he held the office of State solicitor twice, and was clared that MoRGAN and PETTUS were ideal American citizens again a judge on the circuit court bench, where it is said he pre and ideal American statesmen; pure, brave, capable, patriotic. sided with dignity and ability. Both were lawyers, both volunteer soldiers, both Senators In 1849, after the war with Mexico, affected by the gold fever, of th~ United States, faithful to every duty and in every rela he rode on horseback to California. He was very proud of being tion of life. In their careers they illustrated American virtues, a " Forty-niner," and loved to talk about it. He attributed adorned American history, and vindicated American institu much of his success in after life and at the bar to the study, tions. on his long ride through the Great American Desert and during At last each could have declared truthfully and triumphantly his search for gold on the Pacific slope, of tile two greatest with St. Paul: books, in his opinion, ever printed-the Bible and Shakespe;.1.re. I have fought a good fight; I have finished my course; I have kept His life in California brought him no money, but truly a States. * • • Mr. President, we seem to have lost all respect for It is true he could speak impromptu most fluently, and he did the works of our fathers. We seem to have lost aU respect for the so frequently, for he read much and was full of varied inforrna Constitution of the United States. It is nothing more than a triftin~ law, as one Senator said, which has served its purpose. Now, I t~ll tion. Senators I am opposed to all of your amendments of every sort and I The first real test of his abilities was in the matter of Indian intend to cling to the fragments as long as one is left. Do as you please affairs. For preparation he went in person to the Territories for yoursel'Ves. and made his own investigations, which were afterwards ern- In true sublimity and simplicity of expression nothing equals bodied in a report covering GOO pages. The Dawes Commis- these sentences except those splendid words of Joshua: sion and the change in the treatment of the Five Civilized As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. Tribes followed this report and were doubtless influenced by In one of his exalted sentences the great interpreter of human it. Indeed, the Senator became known at once as the friend of nature has said: the red man and of the people of the Territories, and it is not The evil that men do lives after them. too much to say that the statehood so bitterly fought and won If this be true, and I fear it is, the bones of this great Ala- for Oklahoma and Indian Territory were hastened by, if they did barnian may repose in quiet and his great spirit may rest in not result from, the early work and speeches of Senator MoRGAN. peace; for in all his long life he did no evil to man or woman, JoHN T. MoRGAN was a man of national views. He looked and much good. He Uved a generous life. He was as noble as ahead like a statesman, and read industriously and exhaus " any lord of Douglas, highland or lowland, far or near," and i..ively till he mastered our foreign relations. His great learn as brave anu as true and as loyal. In battle his heart was the ing and ability on international history and law persuaded heart of oak and his hand the hand of steel; at horne his heart President Harrison to select him, though a Democrat, as a was as kind as· a woman's and his hand as gentle. He loved member of the Bering Sea Arbitration Commission. His great his country wholly, and he served his people wisely and well. worth in the settlement of this grave question is readily and Only dear memories remain of his splendid manhood, great in universally recognized. integrity and in loyalty, lofty in patriotism, and peerless in Despite the fact that Senator MoRGAN's ruling thought was courage. .And as he lived so did he die, welded in the hearts of the South, f'()r the South, and for the white race in the of his family, his friends, and his people, never to be forgotten South, he took wide and broad views of our national develop in time or in eternity. He loved his people with his whole rnent and international obligations and relations. He was an heart; and his people loved him the best of all. earnest advocate, and an able one, of Hawaiian annexation. He 1\Ir. Speaker, Senator MoRGAN was a man of in..finite natural predicted expansion and suggested it before the .McKinley Ad resources and ability. He possessed in a marked degree ca- ministration adopted it as a policy. He had opinions of his pacity for study and investigation, combined with a perfect own, and he cared not a rap who approved or disapproved, and memory. He loved details and delighted in individual research he fought for his views, not always successfully, but always and original thought. He relied upon himself and looked to wisely, ably, and well. He approved the retention o:f..the Philip his own powers, and from the meshes of his own brain carne pines, and he coveted Cuba and Porto Rico always, and bent his best thought and speech. In the elucidation of subtle ques- all the energies of his immortal spirit toward the cutting of tions of law or science he asked no aid outside of his own mind. an isthmian canal-all great national issues, and all in the He thought for himself. All he desired were facts, and all the line of expansion, and all, in his judgment, working ultimately facts of which the subject was capable. So thoroughly self- ] to the glory of the South and the rehabilitation of the white reliant was he that he was wont to say he wished all the people of that section as factors in American civilization. Supreme Court reports could be destroyed. He was a great While he spent much time over the Nicaraguan route and lawyer and a finished speaker. His command of language, bitterly opposed all other routes, the real historian of the his purity and neatness of expression, free always from taint future will be compelled to give to him the credit of an isth of pedantry, made for him a style grand, winning, full of mian canal within the first years of the twentieth century. He sympathy, and most persuasive. it was who more than twenty years ago commenced a series of His power of analysis and of statement was superb, not ex- speeches for a canal, and his attack on the Clayton-Bulwer ceeded by that of Judah P. Benjamin, the most noted man at treaty and on the scandals connected with canal work at the bar of the South in its palmiest days, for clean English Panama really educated the United States up to the greatest and clear-cut logical statement of a case. enterprise ever undertaken by any people. It was said of Senator MoRGAN at the bar before he entered His central thought was an American canal, and that thought the Senate, by one of the ablest and most distinguished of his is what finally won the victory. The mere place where cut is competitors, that he was a man with the "most privileged an incident; a canal across the Isthmus is what constitutes the tongue" in the world. His English was so pure, so full, so enterprise. · classical, many wondered and asked what college was sponsor It is unusual to find in the same man wealth of words, even for such mastery of a language. Yet he had no college life, a superabundance, and at the same time clearness, logic, and, not even a high school acquaintance, and was to all intents and above all, bulldog tenacity. It is this bulldog tenacity which purposes and in its highest sense a self-made man. accounts for MoRGAN's great influence in shaping the destiny of A mutual friend and a fond admirer of the Senator writes this great nation. Though his suggestions were made as a me: "I once asked him if there was any truth in the report that Democrat and he was not acknowledged as a factor, they have President Porter, of Yale, after hearing him in the Senate, been and are being worked out by an adverse political party sought an introduction in order to learn in what college he had and an adverse Administration, with whom he was never on acquired his marvelous English. He said no such incident had terms of amity, far less of cooperation. ever occurred, but that Lord Hannen, with whom he was In the struggles of Cuba and in our contest with Spain how associated on the Bering Sea tribm;tal and with whom he became the great Alabamian worked, in season and out, for the strik quite intimate, was astounded to learn he had no 'university.'" ing off of Spanish influence in America. He was laughed at, Before entering the Senate he had a large and lucrative prac- but not ridiculed; for ridicule fell as harmless on this peerless tice in his profession; had spent four years in military service man as would a paper bullet on the side of a modern battle in the war between the States, where he was twice made gen- ship. He was hated, perhaps, and abused, but he pursued the eral, having once resigned; had been elector for President and even tenor of his way, and lived to see his views of Cuba and Vice-President in 1860, and was a member of the secession con- Hawaii adopted and carried out by a Republican President and vention, where he made much reputation as a speaker. Administration against the earnest, active, and bitter opposi- From 18G5 to 1876 Senator 1\IoRGAN diligently practiced his tion of the great Senator from Massachusetts and that other profession and stood easily among the great lawyers of the different, but equally remarkable man, the Senator from 1\Iaine, South. In the campaign of 1876 he made a tour of his State, who labored ably and devotedly all their lives in the front rank and the reputation he then made landed him almost without of their party in all of its battles since the great civil war. competition in the United States Senate. He stepped from I No man in the world ever exerted such commanding weight private life into that great body and remained there, practically in shaping the policy of his country with so little of personal without a contest, till he died in June, 1907. influence in the national councils, and who was all the time a He nml his great colleague, Senator PETTUS, both from the member of a different political party from that which was in city of Selma, in middle Alabama, were elected by their party power. It is a glorious position which history will render to and their people to the Senate for life in the last election held this truly great statesman, due to his wonderful fund of infor for that office before they died. It was a splendid tribute to mation and indefatigable industry and study of all the details these splendid men, one which has no counterpart in American and factors which were weaving and interwoven for centuries history. in the march of the world's progress to a wider and a broader On entering the Senate JoHN T. MoRGAN at once took first civilization. rank. Indefatigable, patient, studious, courageous, combative, It is a mistake sometimes made in estimating this great man and able, he never undertook to address the Senate without to call him a dreamer and a visionary. I shall take time to careful study and patient deliberation. cite a single instance which ought to convince the most skep- 5254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 25, tical how untenable the charge is. He made up his mind to in They were strong, braYe men when the war cloud grew black vestigate and master the intricate complications of the transcon about her in the troublous days of 'GO; and they were with her tinental railroad transactions, especially those of the Central when "the storm-cradled nation" was born. and Union Pacific companies. In this great battle of brains he Before that Senator PETTus had heard the cry of gold in Cali had to cross swords with the Colossus of railroads, 1\Ir. Collis fornia, and like many a young Southerner, had gone in quest of P. Huntington, a man of towering intellect and tremendous in adventure and of the yellow metal in that far-off State. On fluence and power. It was a battle of giants. When these two his return to Alabama he was chosen to the bench of our State, men met each other each lmew it was a fight to the death. and I haye often heard the old lawyers who practiced before him The object in hand was to settle the debt which these railroad say that no fairer or more just judge ever graced the ermine corporations owed to the United States. Those were other than he. days than ours, days when the railroad magnate was a king, When the call to battle was sounded both of these splendid with all the power and influence of a king. A proposition had lawyers closed their offices and buckled on their swords, and in been made, and was almost accepted, on the basis of $13,000,000. war, as in peace, they added luster to the name and fame of Senator MoRGAN declared this was not fair to the Government, Alabama. They believed their cause was just, and in its de and was so insistent in his demand for an investigation by the fense they were willing to offer up their lives. With the Senate that such an investigation was held. The final outcome starving Confederates at Vicksburg, General PETTUS, then a lieu was a payment by the railToads of $65,000,000, a net gain to the tenant-colonel, lead a charge which merited and gained for him Government of $52,000,000 in one great settlement-a fairly the special approval of a major-general of the Confederacy, and good, round, and substantial sum to be credited to a dreamer . at Lookout Mountain the charge of the PETTUS brigade was and a visionary. He was thirty years in the United States Sen one of the brilliant eyents of the war. · ate. In that time, by this one transaction, there was saved to l\fr. Speaker, those were days that tried men's souls. I was tlle Government the splendid sum of $1,700,000 and over for but a boy, but I remember them well. I remember when the e-rery year of his long service. first drum beat called to arms. I remember when the first com It is known that Mr. Huntington offered this•stainless man a pany of Confederate soldiers left the county in which I lived. I salary of $50,000 a year as attorney for his railroads, and he remember how, with light step and buoyant heart, the soldier refu ed it. His friends, his people, and his State are proud of boy imprinted the farewell kiss on a mother's lips, and, dressed the fact. in the gray jeans suit woven by that mother's hand, he proudly MoRGAN and PETTUS and men of their kind and mold in every took his place beneath the stars and bars. l\Ir. Speaker, the State of the South are the men who resisted and finalJy broke noble Alabamians whose death we now mourn were in the front down and destroyed the reconstruction policy which followed ranks of those who then obeyed their counh·y's call. I remem the civil war. ber when, as the days went and came, the news of death and JoHN T. MoRGAN is easily the most brilliant public man, the disease was borne to the ears of Southern mothers and wiYes, greatest statesman, the most finished orator, the most profound and on many a field of carnage the crimson lifeblood of brave constitutional lawyer, the most perfect English speaker who Alabamians bedewed the sod. Senators l\foRGAN and PETTUS has appeared upon the stage of life in Alabama since 1865. were no laggards then, but in the vanguard their unsheathed No argument is needed to establish MoRGAN's position in the swords gleamed and glittered beneath the Southern cro s, and firmament of fame. No eulogy of tongue or pen, however splen their voices were heard aboYe the din of battle, encouraging did, can add one cubit to his stature. His record as statesman, their brave comrades to do or die. lawyer, orator, and citizen was made by himself and his im l\fr. Speaker, it was decreed that the stars and bars should mortal works. He made it well and thoroughly, till he stands go down to rise no more, and when they were furled forever in bold relief in the history of Alabama as a part of the State at .Appomattox, these two gallant sons of Alabama returned itself. His position is as fixed and immovable as the north to their homes to again take up the thread of civil life. Did star. He stands in a class by himself, matchless, peerless, and they sull or sulk in these crucial days? No; but as they had alone. been true to Alabama in the dark days of war, they urged obedience to so-called "law" in times of peace. l\fany an old Mr. BUR~l9TT. Mr. Speaker, so far as I have been able to Confederate soldier returned on wounded limbs to find his find, no such occasion as this has ever occurred before in the fields laid waste, his property destroyed, and his wan and history of the American Congress. Never before have eulogies haggard wife and hungry children destitute of bread. on two Senators from the same State been pronounced at the These days of so-called " peace " called more loudly for " Men, same time. tall, sun-crowned men," than had the days of awful war. When God ca1led Alabama's venerable Senators to their last With their people again stood these trusted leaders of Ala reward the State and the nation lost two of their ablest states bama's sons. men and grandest men. .All around was gloom and sorrow. How different the home Connected with the lives and in the death of these men there coming in the spring of '65 from the days when they went were some peculiar facts. They had for many years been emi out in the spring of '61. nent lawyers, living in the same town; both became brigadier Happy and joyous in '61, sad and sorrowful in '65; " Rachel generals in the Confederate army; both were United States weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because Senators from the same State; were only about three years they are not." apart in age; both had lived practically all their lives in Ala But the Healer was there, and His arms were around, bama, and died within less than three months of each other. And He led them with tenderest care; And He showed them a star in the bright upper world, It is seldom, if ever, that any State within so brief a time ' Twas their star shining brilliantly there ! has been called to mourn two such distinguished sons. Senator PETTUs was born in Alabama when the State was but l\Ir. Speake~, _the struggle following the declaration of peace, two years old, and to his dying day his life was unselfishly and though of a different character, demanded just such leaders as loyally devoted to her interests and her welfare. had inspired confidence in Southern hearts on a hundred South Senator MORGAN came with his family from Tennessee to ern battlefields. Alabama when but a small boy, and for seventy-five years he .Again, in the front of the column stood these two great men. lived as an honor to the State and a benediction to her people. Men who but a few months before had urged on the charge Senator PETTUS was the sturdy old Andrew Jackson type of with sword in hand, now with the Constitution lifted high man. He was a good big boy when Jackson died, and I have above their heads, commanded " Peace, be stil1." heard him speak of seeing the hero of New Orleans at one time None !Jut those who passed through it knew what the South when a body of East Tennesseans offered him some indignity, suffered then. Chaos reigned and the minions of the law were and with truly Jacksonian emphasis the old warrior hurled it themselyes outlaws of the fiercest sort. MoRGAN and PETTUS back at them. adYised patient forbearance, and but for them, and Clayton, Alabama has much of history to be proud of, and nearly all and Oates, and Forney, and Wheeler, and leaders of their of that history was made under the eyes of these two pntriotic kind, red-handed anarchy would have spread torch and sword, sons, who were last year called to their fathers. and the manslayer would have held high carnival amid the They were both there ~hen the war cry of the red man still ruins of a desolated land. reverberated through her primeval forests. They were there But "there were giants in those days," and almost with the whe:1 the Creeks and the Cherokees were torn from her borders hand of inspiration they pointed our helpless people the way to and the echo of their war cry died away with their retreating peace and prosperity. footsteps. .As we emerged from these conditions Senator MoRGAN heeded They were young men helping to make her history when Ala the people's call to be their leader in the halls of the United bama, with her sisters, first began to hear the ominous sounds States Senate. How well he filled that exalted position is shown that portended the terrific conflict that later swept like a besom by the fact that six times they renewed the call. How high he over the bosom of our Southland. · stood in the eyes of the Senate and of the American pe0ple is •1908~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5255' shown by the fact that on two important commissions he was Mr. RICHARDSON. 1\Ir. Speaker, since the close of the named as one of the representatives of the American Govern Fifty-ninth Congress the hand of death has fallen on the Tener ment. able and noted Senators from Alabama, JoHN TYLER 1\IoRGA.t"i How near he stood to the hearts of his colleagues in the Sen and EDMUND WINSTON PETTUS, each illustrating in his- char ate is shown by the splendid tribute paid his memory by many acter and life the highest type of American citizenship. Ala of them on last Saturday. From the eulogy of Senator LonGE, bama mourns to-day over the fresh-made gra\es of these grand of Massachusetts, with whom Senator MoRGAN was long associ old men as a mother who refuses to be comforted, and as she ated both in the Senate and on the Committee on Foreign Rela never mourned before. Generous, kind, and sincere expressions tions, I want to make one brief quotation. He says: of respect and sympathy have been tendered through the press One might easily differ with Senator MORGAN as to the ideals which and otherwise from all her sister States of the Union. There he followed as the years of his long life succeeded one another in their is an affecting. pathos in the tmison of the li\es of thes2 two ceaseless march, but one could never fail to respect their possessor or to admire the indifference which be showed to money in an age of great American citizens. For quite sixty years they li>ed as extreme money worship, and the ardor with which he pursued objects neighbors and warm personal friends, following the same 111'<> which had no personal value to him, but which, in his belief, would fession in a beautiful Southern town in the southern portion of benefit his country and mankind. Alabama. The messenger of death called them from life within But Senator MORGAN's great name was not bounded by even a few days of each other. They sleep their last sleep near each the nation's lines. In EuTope and in Asia his fame had spread. other in the beautiful cemetery in the city of Selma, Ala. I was in Rome when his death occurred. The very next morn I recall, Mr. Speaker, that the political history of Alabama ing I saw a splendid picture of him in the Paris daily papers, reveals the fact that for many years sections and localities of and they contained a long complimentary notice of his promi the State demanded and received recognition in the election of nent position and of his death. our United States Senators. This rule was not applied to Sen Many years of his Senatorial life were devoted to the advo ators MoRGAN and PETTus. Such was the loTe, admiration, and cacy of an Isthmian Canal. For years he battled for the confidence of the people of Alabama in these two men that their Nicaraguan route, and posterity may yet vindicate the wisdom residence in the same town was not an objection to either one of his judgment. I once heard l\Ir. HEPBURN, of Iowa, state on of them as Senators for the whole State. No words of mine the floor of this House that if an Isthmian Canal was ever com can adequately portray the incidents of life, the traits of char pleted, the credit for tha.t consummation would be due more to acter and public service, that secured such a tribute as that. Senator MoRGAN, of Alabama, than to any other man. Since the Neither of them ever planned or schemed to secuTe public hon work actually began, I have often heard his people express the ors for himself or to detract from others. Sincerity, honesty, wish, and have often expressed it myself, that he might live to and independence in thought and act were their reliance. Beth see the first ship pass through that important gateway and of them gave their hearts to the South when war came. Each realize the consummation of his long life's dream. one, by precept and example, gave his splendid talents to heal Senator PETTUs never sought office, and not until the call of the wounds that war had left and to · restore unity and friend his people almost rose to a demand would he consent to emerge ship between the North and the South. from the more pleasant walks of private life. The first office I shall speak to-day mostly about Senator MoRGAN. I can held by him after the civil war was that of United States not present him and his life justly and truly as did Senator PET Senator. When he did put on the toga, none wore it more hon TUS in remarks made by him near the close of the Fifty-ninth orably than he. The Senate was not slow to detect the splendid Congress on the floor of the Senate while his colleague, Senator legal ability and rngged honesty of our grand old hero of two MoRGAN, was not in his seat. It is to-day the voice from the wars. grave-the voice of a man who was a lifelong friend and who He was soon assigned to the Committee on the Judiciary, a knew Senator MoRGAN better than any living person. In speak committee composed of many of the most profound lawyers in ing of Senator MoRGAN he said: that, the greatest parliamentary body in the world. I have He began his education at the old field school. He has always been often heard it said that when Senator Hoar, who was for a a student from boyhood. I knew him when he first became a lawyer, and I have known him ever sinee. I have lived in the same village long time chairman of the committee, wanted any deep investi with him for about sixty years. · gation of some hard constitutional question made, he would * * * * always assign it to Senator PETTUS. Mr. President, the senior Senator from Alabama came here in mod- Among his colleagues he was honored and respected by all. erate circumstances, and he is in very moderate circumstances to-day. His estate is worth only about as much to-day as it was when he came No man ever questioned his integrity, and if any man doubted here, and to tell the truth, Mr. President. our people are proud that his ability he had only to come in contact with his great mind. he is worth no more. It may be a singular sort of thing, but they are I will make a brief quotation from the eulogy of Senator GAL proud of him because he has not become rich. LINGER last Saturday while the Senate was doing honor to our "It may be a singular sort of thing," said Senator PETTUS, departed Senators. He said: • "but they are proud of him because he has not become rich." If Senator PETTUS had an enemy it certainly was not in Washington. Those who knew Senator PETTUS know that he had no preju Here he was respected by all and greatly loved by his associates. dice against the honest accumulation of wealth. He did not Learned in the law, skillful in debate, full of humor, and always so· licitous for the welfare of others, he gained a place in the confidence mean that. 1\Iore than thirty years in the Senate of the United and affection of his associates that was sublime. Senators on both States, in the presence of the glittering blandishments of wealth, sides of the Chamber vied with each other to do him honor, and his brilliant, proud, and able--a cultivated Southern gentleman, de death came to us in the nature of a personal bereavement. pending on his salary for support-equal in ability to the great Though rugged in appearance, he had as noble a heart as est statesman of the highest legislative body of one of the ever throbbed in mortal breast. My family and I lived a.t the world's greatest nations, faithful in the discharge of every pub same place that he and his wife did during the first winter of lic duty, devoted to his State and his country, yet the people of our stay in Washington, and I saw much of the devotion that Alabama "were proud that Senator MoRGAN was not rich" existed between these two grand old people. For more than that wealth had not come to him by reason of his official life. sixty years they had trodden life's pathway side by side, and The tribute of Senator PETTUs to his great colleague is more the tender affection which existed between them was beauti precious to-day to his family, his friends, yea, to all the people ful indeed. .As life's shadows lengthened and as they neared of the South, than 'Ull the combined wealth of the proud and its sunset together, that affection seemed to grow sweeter and haughty millionaires of the world. This, sir, is his good name, gentler, and after the death of his wife, who preceded him for his spotless reputation. Senator MoRGAN entered the Senate a more than a year, my grand old friend seemed ever to be look poor man, and died a poor man, but far richer than a man of ing into the great beyond for the loved one gone before. The mere wealth. ·tie that seemed to bind Senators 1\fo&a.A.N and PETTUs was as Midst the creeping poisonous rumors that, in the recent years strong and as sweet and as gentle as that between David and of demoralization, have cast their shades and shadows of sus Jonathan. In life they were fast friends, and God did not long picion on the lives of many public men, as to the use of official leave the one to mourn for the other. position for personal gain, Senator MoRGAN moved and lived, For them as good and great men their people mourn, and it UllBCathed, untouched, fai" above the flying shafts of suspicion. will be long before grand old Alabama shall see their like His life as he went in and out before the people of this great again. country for more than thirty years will take high rank in As our Southern springtime year by year sends forth the the history of the Republic with that class of public men who sweet aroma of her flowers the young men of their little Ala- served their country with high and unselfish purposes and true . bama city might well drop a flower on their graves and say: devotion. To serve the public through public office was to Here lie the ashes of two men whose lives all .Alabama boys him the noblest of man's mission. It is quite impossible, on an should emulate and whose memories all Alabamians should occasion like this, to do justice to the life work of such a man, ever keep sacred. They are gone, but their deeds do follow whose activities span the history-making period of our country them. · from 1860 to 1907. Few men remain who have had such an 5256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. APRIL 25; ' experience. When the end came with him, there was but one personal exploitation, but he worked that he might "serve his Member of the Senate who had served longer than he had. State and his country better." He conscientiously believed that Senator MoRGAN was instinctively a modest man and never his time and his talents belonged to the" State," even to the ex sought or desired to be a leader of men, as leadership in polit- tent, as I personally know, that he has refused to take compen ical matters is commonly understood; yet, in the true sense, sation for the preparation of magazine articles on public ques he was an undisputed leader in his own State, for the people tions. It may be that in this he was too scrupulous and sensi of Alabama followed him with a faith and confidence that knew tive, but the fact is, Mr. Speaker, that the country admires him no hesitancy or doubt, a compliment rarely bestowed on any none the less because he took that view, for it was consistent public man. with his long, honorable, and unselfish career of devotion to the The distinguished and pab·iotic editor of the Louisville public good. There was nothing ever done by him simply to at- Courier-Journal, Mr. Watterson, has so graphically and truly tract attention. . written of Senator MoRGAN, that I repeat here what he said of No man from the South labored more efficiently in and out him : · · of season to point out to the world the industrial possibilities The Grand Old Man of the Senate-Alabama's glorious .JOHN TYLER of Alabama and the South. He lived long enough to see the MonG.i~-is gone at last. We could not have him with us always. He commercial future of the South safely established. It was but was a typ2 of what we imagine the Roman Senator to have been in a few months since that under a resolution of the Senate he the palmy days of the Tiberian republic; a perfect type of the best prepared and made a r·epor·t to the Senate whl"ch outlt'ned ·n <" that wus in the Old South. A logician, like Calhoun, and as chaste 1 <~ in his life, he possessed much of the genius of Webster, without any masterly manner the vast industrial possibilities of the water of Webster's gigantic faults; the rather a learned and modest Benton, shed of the Mississippi River. He said: untirin~. indefati?able, practical, and enlightened. He possessed neither the spii·it of vamty to dwarf his perspectives, nor of bullying to mar The most valuable area within the limits of the United States is the his methods. '.rhe chronological cHcumstances of this man's life may . catch-basin, or watershed, of the Mississippi River. be told in a few sentences ; his deeds could not be recorded by many He dwelt on the national importance of the deep channel from volumes. Old as he was, he will be missed from the public service. His place in the Senate can not be filled. Kentucky mourns with her· the Great Lakes to the Gulf. This exhaustive report is accepted Southem sister, but every good man in the United States, whatever by many of the ablest engineers of the country as the foundation rei:rE~l~~\ifiJ;~~~ingllg~g~~ ji~~~~!:.:_rsn~e~~~ his head when he for the solution of the great engineering problems for the devel- opment of the vast industrial resources of the watershed of the JOHN TYLER MoRGAN was born June 20, 1824, at Athens, in Mississippi-- River and its tributaries. It may be that in fifty the State of Tennessee, and died at his residence in the city of years from now, when the population of the Mississippi Valley Washington on the 11th day of June, 1907. He came to Ala- has increased from 30,000,000 to 100,000,000 of people and its bama before he was 9 years of age and continuously resided in commerce will be greater than any other area of the world, theu our State to the date of his death. He was honored by the due credit and renown will be given Senator MoRGAN for this people of Alabama with six consecutive elections to the United wonderful work. Nothing better illustrates than this report the States Senate, an honor. never before accorded to any other great variety of his vast intellectual powers. citizen of our Stnte. In 1 60 he was an elector for the State 1\fr. Speaker, the South points with pride to the nal!les of at large on the Breckinridge and Lane ticket. He was a dele- many great men who occupied seats in the Senate of the United gate to the State convention of Alabama that passed the ordi- States before the great civil war between the States of the Union. oance JJf secession from the Union. He joined the Confederate Their names are linked with imperishable honors, and they army and rapidly rose to the rank of brigadier-general. gave by their statesmanship and patriotism luster to the HaYing served continuously in the Senate for thirty years, it Republic. They flourished chiefly in the more than sixty years was natural to presume, by reason of his frequent reelections, he that the Democratic party under Southern influence and guid would acquire a knowledge and familiarity with political finesse ance dominated the national policies of our Government. and manipulations. All such practices were unknown to him. Senator MoRGAN's entrance into national public life was under A.fter his election in 1876 practically he never had any oppo- the shadows and prejudices of the dark days of reconstruction, .sition. I doubt whether his campaign expenses in any election when the Democratic party was without influence or power. exceeded the fee he was required to pay the secretary of state He entered at a time when th~ South was impoverished, bleed for certifying his election to the Senate of the United States. ing, and prostrate, midst the wild orgies and the exultant I feel, Mr. Speaker, that I do not indulge in an extravagant shouts of our former slaves and their unworthy allies. To expression when I say that during the generation that Senator the great work of restoring the South and the Union he de MoRGAN occupied his seat in the Senate of the United States voted his splendid talents. Day by day he broadened and there was no man in that august body more worthy or better strengthened in his noble work. No man north or south of equipped to reflect honor and dignity on the high title of Mason and Dixon's line contributed more to restore national Senator of the United States than he was. friendly relations between the sections than did Senator He stood for the best traditions, highest ideals, and the MoRGAN. n all his public utterances there breathes a purity recognized courtesies, proprieties, and dignity of the Senate. and intensity of love for the South-the people whose tradi Its courtesies appealed naturally to his refined, affable, and cui- tions and history, whose life and whose ideals, social and ti"rated nature, and he illustrated in his daily walk and his in- political, were hallowed to his heart and memory; yet it can tercourse with his colleagues that splendid manhood, broad not be denied that through these very utterances he always statesmanship, dignified gentlemanly deportment, devotion to manifested his love for the whole country. duty and country, that should adorn such an exalted position I feel that I can with propriety, 1\Ir. Speaker, refer to an as a seat in the Senate. The Senate to him was the bulwark incident that occurred with Senator MORGAN in the summer of of the so\ereignty, and the Union of equal States, and he was 1906. The town of Hartsell, in Morgan County, Ala., adver-· easily one of the most powerful exponents of his political faith, tised for a home-coming and an old-fashioned barbecue. Senator to the defense of which he brought the rarest powers of eloquence MoRGAN was the only speaker for the occasion. I attended the and the profoundest learning. He was stalwart in his fidelity meeting with him. Fully 6,000 prosperous, contented, and happy to the simple and plain teachings of the Democracy of the people had assembled, each eager to greet the old man that fathers, and such was his great knowledge and appreciation of Alabama had so generously honored. When he arose to speak, the true spirit of our democratic form of government that it everyone in that vast audience paid him the beautiful and was a matter of both principle and pride with him to designate touching tribute to rise to their feet. In a tremulous voice, himself a "public servant." Senator MoRGAN was, in the clear and distinct, he opened his remarks by referring to a broadest sense, a statesman and an American. No narrow view political meeting that he had last attended and addressed at of partisanship could swerve him in his duty to his whole that place more than thirty years ago, when the desolation of country. To his country and his country's glory and honor he reconstruction hung over the South like a pall. Curses, perse gave, without reserve, the wealth of his matchless abilities. cutions, degradation, and humiliation, he said, were poured For the more than thirty years that Senator l\IoRGAN stood in out then o\er our desolated homes and section. A few citizens the gaze of the critical public, always among the foremost in the and Confederate veterans gathered in front of the ashes of a discussion of great national questions, he never touched them destroyed home to hear him speak. The meeting w~ opened except as a statesman. None eyer doubted what his position with prayer by a good minister whose heart was burdened by was on any national issue. It is in such a life as his that our the sufferings of his people, and with a prophetic and sublime free .American institutions emphasize their greatest beneficence vision of Christian faith, fervently, on bended knees, implored and virtue. He was always an ardent student, an indefatigable Almighty God to spare his people "from the wrath of man." worker. He carefully studied all public questions. His power In low and thrilling accents, with an inspiration that came of analysis, his irresistible logic, with fluency, rhetoric, and from the depths of his loving heart, Senator 1\IoRGAN told that· grace of oratory, easily made him a peer of the most famous de- great audience-pressing forward, eager to catch every word baters of the Senate. He practically was never idle. At his labout this scene, and how often during that thirty years, in his seat in the Senate or in his pri\ate office a t home he was al- seat in the Senate and in the pri-racy of his own home, he had ways at work. He did not thus labor for mere selfish gain or repeated and recalled the prayer of that devoted minister. 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5257; Strange as it was, the minister that uttered that prayer, with Senator MoRGAN was an uncompromising Democrat, and stood the' burden of more than fourscore years and ten resting on for the principles of his political organization. His fidelity to him, whose life had been given to the service of God, was on ~emocratic principles was a national asset, and the pride of that platform, who rose and said: his party. He stood for what is called now "old-fashioned Senator, I am the preacher who uttered that prayer. Democracy," and for the highest and best type of Southern sen With hands uplifted to heaven, and with streaming eyes, timent. He was not an advocate of "modern progressive Senator MoRGAN said: D~mocracy." He measured up a full representative of that God in his mercy has answered the prayer of his faithful servant grand class of Democrats who see strength, grandeur, and glory for his :;offering people. This great audience in its joyous greetings, in the preseiTation of the autonomy and the rights of the clothed rn prosperity and the enjoyment of religious, social, and politi States, and nothing but hopeless despotism and endless oppres cal freedom, speaks God's praises and your deliverance. sion in the destruction of the States. He looked with much The effect of this scene ·on that Southern audience could not alarm upon the consolidating tendencies and the socialistic dis be faithfully portrayed by words, nor could it be placed on integrating methods of those advocates who believe that power cam·as by the greatest genius of art. ought to be concentrated at Washington, or who believe in unre, I will not attempt to point out the distinguished part he bore stricted liberty-the creed of the communist of the present day. in most of the great national questions during his long service I have often heard him say that he indorsed what the great in the Senate. It is undoubtedly true that to Senator MoRGAN, Senator from the empire State of Georgia, Ben Hill, had said: more than to anyone else, is due the credit of having joined That the Go>ernment under which we live has no model. It is the two oceans by the Isthmian waterway. This credit can not partly national and partly Federal, an idea which to the Greeks was be taken from him. The world knows the work he did and a stumbling block, to the Romans foolishness, to the Republican party the effect of the Eame. It was Senator MoRGAN who, for quite an unsurmountable paradox, but to the patriots of this country it is a quarter of a century, stood courageously on the floor of the the power of liberty unto the salvation of the people. Senate and thwarted the schemes of the transcontinental rail· However great the loss would have been to the country at any roads to defeat the Isthmian Canal. He it was who taught time that Senator MoRGAN might have died during his long the country the commercial value of the great project. career, I fear that death came to him at such a time when his I am told that his famous speech, delivered in the executi>e great ability, his exalted patriotism, and his love for the Con ses ion of the Senate, against the adoption of the Panama stitution were never more needed. He enjoyed the esteem, re route is classed to-day with the great traditions of oratory and spect, and affection of his colleagues. Deserved recognition of information of the Senate. After years of laborious research his abilities and high character was accorded him by President he was convinced that the Nicaragua route was the best. He Harrison and President McKinley, the one making him one of gave his reasons for his faith, and he struggled without cessa the arbitrators of the Bering Sea fisheries and the other naming tion for his convictions, until the · decision was made against him one of the commissioners to organize a government in Ha him. Senator MORGAN was a confiding, credulous man, and he waii. His name is reverently and gratefully enshrined in the confidently belie>ed to the last that the Nicaragutr route would hearts of the people of the South forever for his matchless strug be selected. Who is it, with the lights before the country that gle against the destructive provisions of the force bill. we ha>e, is fully prepared to Eay that he was not right in the l\Iy personal relations were of that character of intimacy advocacy of the Nicaragua route? Yet under all the _trying that I feel that I am at liberty to speak of Senator MoRGAN as circumstances that gathered around him no man has ever he lived in the sacred precincts of his home. He was often a been able to point out one act or utterance of his that remotely most welcome guest in my own home. His private life, his life imputed that he was not a sincere friend of the construction in the home circle, is as well known and established with per of the Isthmian Canal. I was a member of the Interstate sonal friends who enjoyed his confidence and love as is his fame Commerce Committee of the House when the Nicaragua bill of statesmanship throughout the country. was unanimously reported to the House, and but few votes I venture to say, on a subject as sacred as his life at home were cast in the House against the bill. In the Senate the bill that he was. in the fullest sense the embodiment of was amended by substituting Panama for Nicaragua. It was gentlenes~ then that Senator MoRGAN demonstrated his unselfish patriotism and affection. Pageantry had no attractions for him, either in and his exalted statesmanship. He was fully advised as to public or private. Simplicity in all things was his desire. In the temper of the House, demonstrated by the overwhelming acts, thoughts, and words, purity and cleanliness stood out vote in favor of Nicaragua. Yet I know personally he urged prominently as the luminous lights of his character. I have the earnest friends of the Nicaragua route to concur in the never heard a ribald jest, an unchaste expression, or the use of Senate amendment and accept the Panama route and a>oid a God's name in vain fall from his lips. He reverenced the truth conference between the Senate and the House, which he de and had confidence in his fellow-man. He lo>ed God, and was clared would be fatal to an isthmian canal-the end so much a disciple of the doctrines of Jesus. desired by the transcontinental railroads. 1\Ir. Speaker, Alabama holds up the mirror of her past of On the admission to the Union of the new States from more than eighty years to her sister States, and points to the Minnes6ta to the Pacific, he demonstrated his national Demo names of many of her distinguished sons, who by their ability cratic creed and his patriotism. His Democratic colleagues statesmanship, and devotion to State and country has give~ generally opposed this national policy. His position and his her rank with her foremost sister States of the Union. The influence in opposition to the policy of his party on the ques lives of such men as W~lliam R. King, Benjamin Fitzpatrick, tion of Hawaii constitutes one of the noted historical eras of Clement C. Clay, senior and junior, William L. Yancy, John An our Republic. He was opposed to tearing down the work that thony Winston, Jeremiah Clemmens, GeorgeS. Houston, Thomas had been done at Honolulu and restoring the o>erthrown H. Watts, James L. Pugh, Henry W. Hilliard, Le Roy Pope monarchy with its cruel oppressions. The great ser>ice that Walker, and others, that contribute so much to the proud he rendered the country in that important matter was not fully history of our State are dear to e>ery Alabamian. With this recornized until the strategic value of the islands in our bi'illiant and honored galaxy of great men, Alabama tenderly Spanish-American war was realized and accepted so fully by and lovingly places the names of her great, able, and honored the country to-day. In this, as in all other great national sons, JoHN TYLER MoRGAN and EDMUND WINSTON PETTus, and matters, Senator MoRGAN was guided and influenced by the assigns to them the choicest niche in her temple of fame. broadest and most unselfish love for Democratic principles. It is admitted that he was one of our best-informed public men [Mr. WILEY addressed the House. See Appendix.] on the foreign relations of the United States, and followed the wise and patriotic precept, " peace, commerce, and honest [l\fr. HEFLIN addressed the House. See Appendix.] friendship with the nations, entangling alliances with none·" the support of the State go>ernments in all their rights, as the [l\fr. HOBSON addressed the House. See Appendix.] most competent administration for our domestic concerns and [l\Ir. HEPBURN addressed the House. See Appendix.] a sure guaranty against anti-Republican tendencies; the preser vation of the General Government in its whole constitutional .Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, I feel almost like a stranger in vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety the sacred chamber of the dead, but I shall disclose the reason abroad. He believed that the Western Hemisphere was the why I also feel that I have some right or some cause to feel best theater for the growth and strength of our Republic. adopted into the family of those who weep or mourn to-day. Commercial expansion without colonial acquisition met his Sitting here and listening to these reverent and loving tributes cordial support. As chairman of the Committee on Foreign I was reminded of the lines of the great poet, who said: ' Relations, when his party was in power, a leading minority Lives of great men all remind il.s member for years thereafter, he rendered his country doubtless We can make our lives sublime, the most valuable service of his public life by defeating treaties And, departing, leave behind us that would certainly ha>e in>olved us in European troubles. Footprints on the sands of time. • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 25, .And I wondered if it were so. I scarcely think it is; but we that is why I have what you, 1\Ir. Speaker [1\Ir. TAYLOR of may emulate the virtues of great men, and if, when life's fitful Alab'ama in the chair], never succeeded in eliciting from the dream is over, the flowers of love are laid upon our resting Senator. I do not know how it is, but sometimes men's hearts, place, as they are to-day brought to this chamber, by those under the fierce heat of the fire of struggle and danger, in n who have known u , our lives will not have been lived in vain. moment's time are welded together more closely than they can I did not have the pleasul'e of ever meeting with Senator MoRGAN, be by a long life of cold social relations, and I take it that for but Texas is full of his fame. Texas is full of Alabamans, and the sake of the daughter of his old comrade in that fierce they lo-ve the old home State, and o-ver the prairies and valleys strife he wrote an account of that incident, which I have, and of Texas JoHN T. MoRGAN was known for his broad, deep which it is my purpose to place ·in the RECORD, and I ask that statesmanship, and loved for his high, pure character. I did my remarks be extended by including this story of the charge have the pleasure of meeting Senator PETTus, and I shall never at Vicksburg, as told in the letter of Senator PETTUS. cease to remember with pleasure the slight acquaintance and Mr. ·speaker, we all have our impressions when we meet a brief conversation I had with him. I came here in the begin great man of the earth, and sometimes there is such a simi ning of last year as a stranger, and went, as most visitors do, larity in certain elements of that impression with other impres over into the Senate Chamber, as well as this. In the Senate sions of similar men that they but illustrate our ideas of char I was struck by the -vision I saw. Observing those most noted, acter. It has been said that Senator PETTUS was a modest as they were pointed out, I saw always at his post the Senator man. In that I concur, for in the record of the report it ap from Alabama, Mr. PETTUS. Loaded down with years, his pears that when the flag was captured and a controversy arose sllghtly bended form was always in his place. I said to myself, between him and Captain Bradley as to who should retain it, with that vision in -view, he is" the noblest Roman of them all." Senator PETTUS said, "It belongs to the Texans," and so it was That was the impression Senator PETrus made on me, and held. In his conversation he made another remark. He said looking on him I thought of what was said of the Roman senate to me that "The bravest man I ever saw was L. D. Bradley under once, when every man, to the visitor, seemed a king, and I all circumstances," and the old soldiers to whom I repeated the thought how the petty princes of the earth would shrivel in remark when I met them said that no less a brave man was the presence of such magnificent manhood as seemed to me to EDMUND W. PETTUS, of Alabama. stand before me. It made me think of the story that is told of Lee and Jack I sought an introduction and obtained it, and the impression son. When Jackson was stricken down in the hour of battle, was deepened. from the conversation I had, when the old man Lee made the remark that it would have been better for the talked with the simplicity of a child and the kindliness of a country if it had been he, and when this was reported to Jack father. He said to me: "Do you know one Captain Bradley in son, lying on his deathbed, he would not ha\e it so, but declared Te.~as?" I replied, "Senator, Captain Bradley, afterwards that Lee was the one man and the only man he ever knew Judge Bradley, was the man who was on the district bench whom he would willingly follow blindfolded. as district judge when I was district attorney. He was a These two Men, with honest praise and high estimate of each Chesterfield in knightly bearing and a man whom above all other, have expressed their noble character, and in the South others I revered and loved." Then he told me of the incident to-uay our enthusiastic sons are still debating which was the which has been referred to by more than one of the speakers greater in arms-Lee or Jackson. They do not debate who was on this occasion, of the charge at Vicksburg upon the redoubt the greater man, because in all that makes great and noble man that had been captured by the Federals and was sought to I'm hood neither ever had a superior. recaptured by the Confederates. In simple language he told I cherished, and still cherish, the letter of Senator PETTUS. me that one Alabama company had not been decimated, but At a reunion of the old Confederates in Captain Bradley's home had been destroyed, every man to the last, if I remember county in Texas last year I read it. Some half a dozen of the aright, when he was called upon to find volunteers to take men referred to in the letter live around my home now-there that redoubt. Said he, "I turned to Captain Bradley (ask is 1\Ir. Burleson, l\fr. High, Mr. Patterson, and I forget the ing him his name), of Waul's Texas brigade, and asked if he names of the others. These old men gather at the camp now could get me thirty men to volunteer to take that fort." He as they meet in reunion, and they live over and talk O\er the told me the circumstances, how Captain Bradley and his first capture of that redoubt with General PETTus, of Alabama .. lieutenant, Lieutenant Hogue, each called for fifteen men, and They love to talk of the incidents where they confronted death not fifteen men but the entire command had volunteered. He together. told me how they were counted off with the statement from Senator PETTUS told me this story with the utpJ.ost uncon Captain Bradley that he wanted no married men to take part. sciousness as if there was nothing remarkable in it. I heard I may have some of Senator PETrus's conversation confused another story of like unconscious heroism at my table once with some of the statements of some of the soldiers who partici two years ago when we had a reunion of old soldiers in my pated, and with whom I afterwards talked. But as I have town, and one of my guests was a little fellow scarcely 5 feet leaFned it, one of the officers, young High, said to Bradley, and 4 inches tall. He told me he had volunteered in that great " Captain, you are a married man; let me lead the troops." struggle when he was a little over 14, and he said with child Bradley had said in reply, " No; where my troops go, I lead like simplicity, "I was smaller then than I am now." He said them." And so the fifteen men were counted off by the lieu on the long marches, as the army went through the country, tenant and the captain, and as Sena.tor PETTus told me, he, frequently his feet grew weary and sore, and that he had to PETTUS, then said: " Boys, I will lead you." But it was ob sit down by the roadside and cry, and many a time some big jected that Bradley's men must be led by him, and then Sena and stronger companion had eased him of a part of his burden; tor PETTUS,- waiving his superior rank, said, "We will go to but he said, "I always caught up at night and was with the gether," and together they did go. camp by the time the tent was struck and was ready for The manner and the method of it I will not undertake to de battle when the battle opened." scribe; but taking a circuitous route, while the fire of our The little fellow told me with verbose words how the strug forces was being concentrated upon that fort, before the enemy gle went on from day to day and week to week, and never in h."Uew i~they had landed in their rear, had spiked their guns, it dreamed that he was himself a hero of the same brand of and were upon them and captured them without the loss of a him that wears the stripes and epaulets-perhaps the hero of man, though not without a scratch. Senator PETTUS said to me a little different brand because he knew no beating drum or that after the conflict was o-ver and the capture made, and they flying banner would greet him when he returned home, but he had marched back with a greater force of the enemy captured knew he was performing what he felt was right. It was than the number of their own command, and with the captured with the same unconscious display, or the want of conscious flag, some Texas soldier, who did not know his rank, asked who ness of heroism in it, that General PETTUS related the incident was that tall Alabaman that was with them, and then his of the Vicksburg redoubt. identity was disclosed; and then the Texans said they did not Mr. Speaker, as I say, I was not thinking of making any care who he was, but they moved "he be elected a Texan." talk, but the fact that this incident had been referred to and Senator PETTUs said to me, with a slight tremble in his voice the fact that I have in my possession the authentic statement but the light of a glorious memory in his eyes, "that of all of Senator PETTus himself, and the fact that we .as Texans and the honors that had ever been showered upon him that his as sons of old Confederates, thirty of whom he, with an old adoption as a Texan by that election was us dear to him, if companion of mine, led to that glorious attack, made it impos not dearer, than any other." sible for me to fail to say these. few words upon this occasion. I told him then that Judge or Captain Bradley had already UNITED STATES SENATE, passed over the river and had found his reward, but in my Washington, D. 0., March 11, 11}(11. home town was one of his daughters and in a neighboring town Hon. RUFUS H.AllDY, Oorsicana, Te:D. . was another, and a son, and that they would be glad to have DEAJl Srn: Your letter came this evening. Capt. L. D. llradley, o:t General Waul's legion, was born and commenced the practice of law in the story of that incident. When I went home I wrote Senator Dallas County, Ala. He was, in his early days, a partner of Col. PETTUS and asked him to please give it to me in :writing, and N. H. R. Dawson, who was afterwards and for twenty-six years my 1908. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. - 5259 partner. But I moved to Dallas County after Captain Bradley bad fa-ror of Roderick G. Ross (H. R. Doc. 884)-to the Committee moved West, and I met him first at the siege of Vicksburg. A redoubt on the bill just south of the railroad to Jackson was on the line held on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. there by Col. Charles :Ilf. Shelley, of the Thirtieth Alabama Regiment. I A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, trans was then in command of a fragment of the Forty-sixth Alabama Regi mitting a copy of a letter from the Secretary of War submit ment, which bad lost all of its field officers at Bakers Creek, and would not volunteer. So, when I received an order to retake that fort ting an estimate of appropriation for protecting the proving I went to Waul's legion, near and also in reserve, and met with Colonel ground at Sandy Hook, New Jersey (H. R. Doc. 8 3)-to the Waul, and told him what I wanted. He said: "I will not order, but Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. if any of my companies will volunteer, I will consent." So I went A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmit on and first met Captain Bradley and told him what I wanted. He questioned me. He said: " Did you see that Alabama company killed, ting a copy of a letter from the Secretary of War submitting trying to take it?" I answered, "Yes; I saw it, but the captain and an estimate of appropriation for pay of the Military Academy all his men were killed before they got to the back door of the redoubt; (H. R. Doc. 886)-to the Committee on l\1ilitary Affairs and or I expect to kill them before they !mow I am coming." Captain Bradley then turned to a lieutenant commanding a company next to his, and dered to be printed. asked : " Shall I take the whole job, or will you go halves?" The A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a lieutenant answered: "I will go if you go." Then Captain Bradley letter from the Chief of Engineers, report of examination of asked, "How many men do you want?" I told him "about thirty is as many as can be used in so small a place." Pass 1\fanchac, between Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, "Count off fifteen from the right!" And the lieutenant gave the Louisiana (H. R. Doc. 882)-to the Committee on Rivers and same order to his company. Harbors and ordered to be printed. So, in a moment I bad a company of thirty Texans, and three men of Colonel Shelley's Tbir·tietb Alabama joined us almost as soon as I A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a gave the first order; which was, "l\Ia.rch to the right." So we moved letter from the Chief of Engineers, report of examination of away from the redoubt until out of sight of the enemy; then changed Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana (H. R. Doc. 881)-to the Com direction and went into the Confederate ditches, in which we marched rapidly, beads down and out of sight, until we reached the redoubt mittee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed. captured by the Federals. Then we halted, Captain Bradley and I in A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, trans front, and waited until the men closed up. We were still where we mitting supplemental estimates needed to complete the service could not be seen by the Federals. So soon as we got in this position, I waved and threw down my red bandanna handkerchief as a signal of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, and for prior years to the Confederates, who were firing in the back door of this redoubt, (H. R. Doc. 880)-to the Committee on Appropriations and to stop firing_ Instantly tbeh· firing ceased, and my little party, Cap tain Bradley and I in front dashed into the redoubt and in a few ordered to be printed. seconds' time those in the redoubt and at the back door were disposed of. They had their heads down to avoid the firing from the outside. In that charge not one of the assaulting party was scratched, but two REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS Al\TD of the Texans rushed to the rear and fired o\et· the broken walls at the RESOLUTIONS. Federals on the outside, and in doing so were shot in the face, but not seriously hurt. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills were severally reported The floor of that redoubt was more than covered by dead soldiers from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred to the Confederates and F'ederals. Instantly I ordered the men to get to cover, which was done, and several Calendars therein named, as follows : all of the Federal guns-a large numbet·-opened fire on the redoubt, 1\fr. CONNER, from the Committee on the Library, to which There were then still a considerable number of Federals in the ditch in was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21137) for the erec front of the redoubt- They were ordered to surrender, and attempted to do so by coming through the portholes, which had been widened by the tion of a memorial structure at Fort Recovery, Ohio, reported fire of the Federal guns, and several of them were shot by the Federals the same with amendments, accompanied by a report (No. 1520), on the outside. Then they were ordered to come around the redoubt in which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the ditch to the rear, and in that way three officers and thirty-three men were taken prisoners and sent to the rear. The two men shot in the Whole House·on the state of the Union. the face, as above stated, were all of the casualties suffered by the at Mr. OLCOTT, from the Committee on the Disrrict of Co tacking party. The Federal fire from the outside batteries continued lumbia, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R.. until dark, but I required every man to keep to cover. So soon as anything could be heard one of Captain Bradley's men, 16063) to regulate the employment of child labor in the District with buckskin breeches, demanded of his captain to know " What fel of Columbia, reported the same with amendments, accompanied low was that that brought us into this hell's hole?" and the captain by a report (No. 1524), which said bi:U and report were referred replied, " I don't know." And the soldier replied, with perfect freedom, "That's a hell of a story, captain. Don't know his name or his rank?" to the House Calendar. The captain said " no," he did not. Thereupon the soldier replied, " I mo>e we elect him a Texan, name or no name, rank or no rank." And the captain put the motion to a vote, as though he was presiding at a REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND town meeting, and I was unanimously elected "a Texan "-the great RESOLUTIONS. est honor I ever received, though I have had many beyond my deserv ings. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills were severally General Pemberton and his chief engineer officer visited this redoubt reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred soon after dark and gave orders for its repair that night. And Gen to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows : eral Waul, with members of his staff, also visited it, and the attacking party was relieved and returnert to their commands. Mr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Military Affairs, Captain Bradley was the coolest man I ever saw under fire. I talked to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4749') for the with him several times during the siege and in that way learned who relief of Dewitt Eastman, reported the same without amend he was and where he was raised, etc., but I have never seen him since the surrender of Vicksburg, though I met with his father, who revisited ment, accompanied by a report (No. 1521), which said bill and his old home near Selma, where I live. Please present my kindest report were refen-ed to the Private Calendar. regards to his daughters. l\1r. PARKER of New Jersey, from the Committee on l\1ili Most respectf ully, E. W. PETTUS. tary Affairs, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. P. S. : You can find the outlines of this transaction in the reports of Gen. Stephen D. Lee and Gen. C. L. Stephenson, in volume 24, part 2, 20171) to correct the military record of George H. Tracy, re of the War of the Rebellion. And also in President Davis's Rise and ported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. Fall of the Confederacy, page 415. - 1522), which said bill and report were referred to the Private I regret that I can not give you the name of the lieutenant mentioned. I think I have it at home, in Alabama. Calendar. E. W. P. Mr. BATES, from the Committee on Na>al Affairs, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 12707) for the relief The SPEAKER pro tempore (.Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama). of Julius A. Kaiser, reported the same with amendment, ac In compliance with the resolution already adopted, and as a companied by a report (No. 1523) which said bill and report further mark of respect to the late Senator .MoRGAN and Senator were referred to the Private Calendar. PETTus, this House will take a recess until 11.30 o'clock a. m. on l\Ionday next. CHANGE OF REFERENCE. Accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 14 minutes p. m.) the House Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged was in recess until 11.30 a . m. on Monday next. from the consideration of bills of the following titles, which were thereupon referred as fo1lows : EXECUTIVE COl\-IUUNICATIONS, ETC. A bill (H. R. 10687) granting an increase of pension to Tony Under clause 2 Of Rule XXIV, the following executi1e com Verrosso-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and re munications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred ferred to the Committee on Pensions. as follows : A bill (H. R. 21182) granting a pension to Alexander May A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, trans Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the mitting a copy of a letter from the Secretary of the Interior Committee on Pensions. • submitting an estimate of appropriation for expenses of a dele A bill (H. R. 21250) for the relief of James W. Walsh-Com gate to the convention of the International Association for the mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the Protection of Industrial Property (H. R. Doc. 885)-to the Committee on Claims. Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. A bill (H. R.. 19818) granting a pension to P. J. Giles-Com A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, submit mittee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Committee ting an estimate of appropriation for payment of a judgment in on Invalid Pensions. - 5260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRTh 25, PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. Also, a bill (H. R. 21277) granting an increase of pension to Undt!r clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memo John Smith-to the Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. rials of the following titles were introduced and severally re Also, a bill (H. R. 21278) granting an inc1·ease of pension to feiTed as follows : John Schiermann-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . By Mr. CRUMPACKER: A bill (H. R. 21259) to improve the Also, a bill (H. R. 21279) granting an increase of pension to efficiency of the Navy, and for other purposes-to the Committee Thomas T. Spence-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on K a \al Affairs. By 1\Ir. LENAHAN: A bill (H. R. 21280) granting an in By Mr. TAw:NEY, from the Committee on Appropriations: A crease of pension to Peter Banks-to the Committee on In bill (H. R. 21260) making appropriations for sundry civil ex valid Pensions. penses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, Also, a bill (H. R. 21281) granting an increase of pension to 190!:>, and for other purposes-to the Union Calendar. Sidney S. Jay-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By :Mr. GILLETT: A bill (H. R. 21261) for the retirement .Also, a bill (H. R. 21282) granting an increase of pension to of employees in the classified civil service-to the Committee John Edinger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Reform in the Civil Service. Also, a bill (H. R. 21283) granting an increase of pension to By 1\Ir. HAYES: A bill (H. R. 21262) for preventing the William H. Jackson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or mis Also, a bill (H. R. 21284) granting an increase of pension to branded fungicides, Paris greens, lead arsenates, and other in Charles D. Kunkle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. secticides, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other Also, a bill (H. R. 21285) granting a pension to Robert purposes-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com Comer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. merce. By Mr. LIVINGSTON: A bill (H. R. 21286) granting a pen By Ur. BURTON of Delaware: A bill (H. R. 21263) to estab sion to Laura A. Bennett-to the Committee on Invalid Pen lish postal savings bank depositories for depositing savings at sions. interest, with the security of the Government for repayment By Mr. LOVERING: A bill (H. R. 21287) granting a pension thereof, and for other purposes-to the Committee on the Post to Roscoe L. Gilbert-to the Committee on Invali Also, petition of Board of Trade of Niagara Falls, against Ohio, for amendment to Sherman antitrust law, and for Pearre repeal of duty on wood pulp--to the Committee on Ways and bill, employers' liability bill, and the eight-hour bill-to the Means. Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Gulf Refining Company, favoring an em By Mr. GOULDEN: Petition of Gulf Refining Company, of bargo on Venezuelan asphalt-to the Committee on Ways and Pittsburg, Pa., favoring an embargo on V-enezuelan asphalt-to Means. the Committee on Ways and 1\Ieans. Also, petition of American Newspaper Association, for im Also, petition of Merchants' Association, for a currency com mediate consideration of the Stevens wood-pulp bill-to the mission-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Committee on Ways and Means. By .1\Ir. HAMILL: Petition of Brotherhood of Locomotive Also, petition of American Newspaper Publishers' Associa Engineers u.nd Firemen of Phillipsburg, N. J., opposing the tion, for repeal of duty on wood pulp-to the Committee on Hepburn amendment to the Sherman antitrust Jaw (H. rh Ways and Means. ' 1974.5)-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Trades League of Philadelphia, for H. R. By Mr. HASKINS: Petitions of Mirror Lake Grange, of 104.57, for forest reservations in White Mountains and Southern Berlin, Vt., and S. 1\1. Whitney and others, of Taftsville, Yt., Appalachian Mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. for a national highways commission and Federal aid in con Also, petition of Thomas Malone, for amendment to Sherman struction of highways (H. R. 15837)-to the Committee on Ag antitrust law, for the Pearre bill, employers' liability bill, and riculture. the eight-hour law-to the Committee on the Jud~ciary. By Mr. HOWELL of New Jersey: Petition of James B. Mor Also, petition of Patriotic J. O'Conner, for remedial legisla ris Post, No: 46, Grand AI'my of the Republic, of Long Brunch, tion relative to the Sherman antitrust act~to the Committee on N. J., protesting against the placing of a statue of tbe late the Judiciary. Gen. R. E. Lee in the Capitol-to the Committee on the Library. Also, petition of Typothetre of New York City, against Hep Also, petition of John H. Dialogue, for the bill to carry burn amendment to the Sherman antitrust law-to the Commit Panama Canal supplies in American vessels-to the Committee tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Also, petition of Victor Elting, of City Club of Chicago, for By Mr. HUFF: Papers to accompany bills for relief of John forest reservations in White Mountains and Southern Appala Schiermann; Thomas T. Spence, of Petrolia, Pa.; and John chian Mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. S. Jones, and John Smith-to the Committee on Im-alid Pen By Mr. CA.LDERHEAD: Petition of Union League Club of sions. Chicago, for forest reservations in White Mountains and South Dy 1\Ir. KENNEDY of Ohio: Petition against H. R. 4897 and ern Appalachian· Motmtains-to the Committee on Agriculture. 492D, to protect the first day of the week as a day of rest in the Also, papers to accompany H. R. 4020, for relief of Kansas District of Columbia and prohibition of labor, etc., on said day State Militia of 18{34-to the Committee on Military Affairs. to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Also, petition of Negro Republican League of the State of Also, petition of Merchant's Association of New York, favor Kansas, for legislation securing a " square deal " for the negro ing the Fowler currency bill-to the Committee on Banking a.nd population-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Currency. Also, petition of citizens of Cortland and Gypsum, Kans., for Also, petition of B. Leroy Smith, against H. R. 19745 (Hep S. 5122 (establishment of a rural parcels post) -to the Com burn amendment to proposed Sherman antitrust la.w)-to the mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Trades L-eague of Philadelphia, for H. R. Also, petition of Glass Bottle Blowers' Association, for the 1045G, for forest reservations in White Mountains and Southern amendment to the Sherman antitrust law known as the "Wilson bill" (H. R. 20584), for the Pearre bill (H. R. 94), the employ Appalachian Mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. ers' liability bill, and the eight-hour bill-to the Committee on Also, petition of American Newspaper Publishers' Association, the Judiciary. for removal of duty on white paper and wood pulp-to the Com Also, petition of American Newspaper Publishers' Association, mittee on Ways and Means. for relief from extortions of the paper combine and demanding Also, petition of Kansas Branch, National Home for Dis immediate repeal of the tariff on wood pulp and print paper abled Volunteer Soldiers, for reestablishment of the canteen in to the Committee on Ways and 1\Ieans. National Soldiers' Homes-to the Committee on Military Also, petition of Templin Company, of Calla, Ohio, against Affairs. H. R. 13835 (Mann bill), to regulate sale and distribution of By 1\Ir. CARY: Petition of Chamber of Commerce of city of seeds-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. :Milwaukee, Wis., for a deep waterway from the Lakes to the Also, petition of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, for Gulf-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. a suitable housing in Washington of the International Congress Also, petition of American Newspaper Publishers' Associa on Tuberculosis to be held in Washington-to the Committee on tion, for removal of duty on white paper and wood pulp-to the Public Buildings and Grounds. Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of many citizens of Ohio, favoring prohibitory By 1\Ir. COOK of Pennsylvania: Petition of Amalgamated legislation and the Littlefield original-package bill-to the Com Association of Electric Street Railway Employees of America, mittee on the Judiciary. for amendment proposed by American Federation of Labor con By Mr. LAW: Petition of New York Board of Trade and ference to the Sherman antitrust law, and for the Pearre bill, Transportation, against H. R. 19745, Hepburn amendment, etc. the employers' liability bill, and the national eight-hour law to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. LAWREl,CE: Petition of Polish Weavers' Union of By Mr. CRUMPACKER: Petition of Hill Top Club, of La Adams, Mass., for exemption of labor unions from the opera fayette, Ind., for the enactment of H. R. 17295, to aid the Lin tions of the Sherman antitrust law; for the Pearre bill, regulat coln Farm Association, of New York, to build and endow a na-. ing injunctions; for the employers' liability act, and for the tiona! memorial to Abraham Lincoln on the site of the Lincoln eight-hour law-to the Committee on the Judiciary. birthplace farm in Kentucky-to the Committee on Appropria By l\Ir. I:.ENAH.AN: Papers to accompany biUs for relief of tions. Charles D. Kunklis, William H. Jackson, Peter Banks, u.nd John By Mr. FLOYD: Paper to accompany bill for relief of James Edinger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Perrin, jr.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. Lll'I"TISAY : Petition of Chicago City Club, for forest By Mr. FORNES: Petition of Merchants' Association of reservations in White Mountains and Southern Appalachian New York City, against the Aldrich currency bill (S. 3023) Mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Also, petition of Merchants' Association of New York, against Also, petition of City Club of Chicago, for forest reserva the Aldrich currency bill (S. 3023)-to the Committee on Bank tions in White Mountains and Southern Appalachian Moun ing and Currency. tains-to the Committee on Agriculture. Also, petition of Board of Trade of Niagara Falls, against Also, petition of Board of Trade of Niagara Falls, N. Y., ask repeal of duty on wood pulp-to the Committee on Ways and ing for repeal of duty on white paper, wood pulp, etc.-to the Means. Committee on Ways and 1\Ieans. Also, petition of Gulf Refining Company, against favoring Also, petition of Typothetre of New York City, relative to an embargo on Venezuelan asphalt-to the Committee on Ways H. R. 10745 (Hepburn amendment to the Sherman antitrust and Means. act)-to the Committee on the Judiciary. By 1\Ir. LOUDEl~SLAGER: Petition of D. H. 1\Iartin and Also, petition of Trades League of Philadelphia, for H. R. many other citizens of New Jersey, favoring bills affecting 10457, for forest resen-ations in w·rute Mountains and Southern labor, amendment to Sherman antitrust law, the Pearre bill, Appalachian 1\Iountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. employers' liability bill, and the eight-hour bill-to the Com By 1\Ir. GOEBEL: Petition of certain citizens of Cincinnati, mittee on the Judiciary. 5262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 27, By :Mr. McKINNEY: Petition of Allouez Council, No. 658, Nevertheless, the need of a navy is greatly augmented and the Knights of Columbus, of Rock Island, Ill., for making October uses to which it can be put are greatly multiplied as the mer 12 a holiday-to the Committee on the Judiciary. chant marine of a nation grows and the commerce and carrying By Mr. O'CONNELL: Petition of Merchants' Association of trade of a nation expands. To-day we are practically without New York, favoring the Fowler currency bill-to the Committee a merchant marine, although some feeble effort to reviT"e that on Banking and CmTency. great interest is now being made-an effort, howeYer, which I By Mr. OVERSTREET: Petition of S. M. Wilson, favoring believe is destined to fail because directed upon mistaken lines. the Crumpacker bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. To-day we ha-ve but a few merchant ships on the ocean outside By Mr. RYAN: Petition of Chicago City Club, for forest res the coastwise trade, and 90 per cent of our foreign tonnage is enations in White Mountains and Southern Appalachian Moun carried in foreign bottoms. }j.'ngland, Germany, and other com tains-to the Committee on Agriculture. mercial countries have their merchant ships scattered all over Also, petition of merchants of the city of New York, favoring the world, and the vast interests these commercial ycssels rep a currency commission-to the Committee on Banking and Cur resent magnifies the necessity of a larger naval force for their rency. protection than would otherwise be required. Also, petition of Molders' Union No. 84, of Buffalo, N. Y., for In this respect the situation of the United States is not analo exemption of labor unions from the operations of the Sherman gous to that of the other leading naval powers. I hope the day antitrust law, for the Pearre bill regulating injunctions, for the is not distant when this disparity which stands as a monu employers' liability act, and for the eight-hour law-to the Com ment to a policy at once sinister, sordid, and short sighted will mittee on the Judiciary. disappear. But the condition now is as I gave it. Neverthe By Mr. STEPHENS of Texas: Petition of agent of Indian less, I am heartily in favor of going ahead with the work of Rights Association, against legislation authorizing the issuance building an adequate navy. of fee-simple patents for Indian allotments-to the Committee I favor an adequate navy, not necessarily a powerful navy. on Indian Mairs. What we want now to do is to supply a navy sufficient for our Also, petition of Amarillo Assembly of the American Federa probable present needs, and then we should go on from year to tion of Labor, against extension of naturalization rights, and year with the work of adding to it so that its growth will keep against Asiatic immigration-to the Committee on Immigra pace with the public requirements. Under present conditions I tion and Naturalization. do not quite fancy the word " powerful" as applied to the By Mr. STERLING: Petition of citizens of Bloomington, Ill., Navy. It would be an odd spectacle to see the ocean highways for amendment to Sherman antitrust law (H. R. 20584), and and sheltering places crowded with war ships without ever see for Pearre bill (H. R. 94), employers' liability bill, and the ing or rarely seeing a merchant ship floating our flag. We eight-hour bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. should not aspire to become the bully of the sea. Our aim By Mr. WANGER: Petition of Trades League of Philadel should be higher than that. Let us get rid of this profitless and phia, favoring H. R. 10457, for forest reservations in White arrogant notion of a powerful fleet, for which manifestly there Mountains and Southern Appalachian Mountains-to the Com is no present need unless it be to make the world afraid. Let mittee on Agriculture. us get rid of that and get down to the sane business of building By Mr. WATKINS : Paper to accompany bill for relief of a navy adequate for our purposes by adding to it fTom time to heirs of Jacob Israel-to the Committee on War Claims. time as occasion demands. Mr. President, what do we want a fleet for? Not, I hope that we may go dancing around the world with defiance flung' from SENATE. the flag pole, or merely to make a gaudy and pretentious exhi MoNDAY, April ~7,.1908. bition of our strength; but we want a navy to aid in the protec tion of our seacoast from assault and for the purpose of pro The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. tecting such interests as we have abroad. How large a navy do Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Enw ARD E. HALE. we need for that? Already in naval armament and desh·uctiT"e The Journal of the proceedings of Saturday last was read force we rank second among the nations of the world. Our im and approved. port.:·mt seaports are strongly fortified, .and these fortifications NAVAL APPROPRIATION BILL. are being extended and new works constructed from year to Mr. HALE. The order of the Senate providing for the con year. With such a navy and with such coast defenses are we sideration of the naval appropriation bill for the entire day to in danger of assault? the exclusion of all other business, I ask that the regular order It is inconceivable that any sane man can belieT"e it to be be proceeded with. within the range of human possibility that any nation on earth The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con could make a successflll attack on this cotmtry. And it is al sideration of the bill (H. R. 20471), making appropriations for most as absurd to say that a hostile fleet would attempt to cross the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, and the Atlantic or the Pacific to assault us, for at the best the only for other purposes. thing they could hope to do would be to batter down an occa The VICE-PRESIDENT. The pending question is on the sional defenseless coast town or village. They could not land amendment proposed by the Senator from Washington [Mr. troops or hope to capture important ports, nor levy tribute or PILEs], which will be stated. secure booty sufficient to pay the fuel cost of their battle ships. The SECRETARY. On page 85, line 17, before the words " first To my thinking it is ludicrous to speak seriously of a hostile class battle ships," strike out" two" and insert "four." . fleet crossing thousands of miles of ocean, bringing supplies, Mr. STONE. Mr. President, the restoration of our maritime and establishing a base on American shores. power is of supreme importance. No greater question could Our strength as a nation, both in men and in resources, and engage the attention of Congress than one designed to accom the spirit and courage of the American people, more than a plish that end. For many years, both in and out of Congress, · navy are the things that give us immunity from outside aggres I ·have been an ardent advocate of an increased navy and of sion, and are the things also that make most for the world's policies looking to the rehabilitation of our merchant marine. tranquillity. And certainly, Mr. President, as long as we main The two things are so related that I can not think of the one tain our position as the second naval power of the world, or without thinking of the other. The decadence of our maritime even maintain a position equal to any other power except Great prestige and power constitutes one of the most discreditable and Britain, it is worse than folly to anticipate that any nation humiliating facts in our history. This is not the occasion to would attempt to wage an offensive war against us. I am not discuss the causes that have led to this misfortune or the in the least moved by suggestions of that character. We should fatuous policies which, if blindly persisted in, will make the have an adequate fleet, undoubtedly, and we will have it and continuance of that misfortune inevitable. No man is more maintain it because as a great nation with a great mission we solicitous than I to see our merchant ships swarming over the ought to have it, but there is no need of frightening ourselYes world, and I doubt if any is more keenly alive to the wisdom with bugaboos. Of course the contingency of war is always and necessity of constructing a war navy auequate to subserve possible, and we ought to be always reasonably prepared for the needs of our country. it if it comes. The aggregate of our naT"al strength should en Both of these things are important, but to my thinking it is able us to maintain an adequate defensiT"e fleet in both the At really more important that we should become a commercial lantic and the Pacific oceans, and the two combined should be maritime power than a mere fighting maritime power. We need strong enough, ordinarily at least, to constitute an offensiYe merchant ships more than we need war ships. Indeed the war fleet in the improbable event of needing it for that purpose. ship in an important sense is but the complement of the mer I want the Navy increased; I \vant to see ~~ strong, but we chant ship. Of course if we had not a single merchantman can not build in a day. There are other needs more emergent afloat we would still need a navy for purposes of defense and for money. ·we need buildings for the transaction of public for the protection of our people and their interests abroad~ business; our rivers and harbors must be improved; great in-