akistan Journal of Geology (PJG) 2(2) (2018) P 01-10 Pakistan urnal of ( DOI : http://doi.org/10.26480/pjg.02.Jo Geology2018.01.PJG)10 Print ISSN : 2521-2915 Online ISSN : 2521-2923 CODEN: PJGABN ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAPPING ON SLOPE DESIGN IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF SABAH WESTERN, MALAYSIA Rodeano Roslee1,2*, Felix Tongkul 1,2 1 Natural Disaster Research Centre (NDRC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 2Faculty of Science and Natural Resources (FSSA), Universiti Malaysia Sabah. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History: The y in e rea of tern a rable for eering y. e ea is n y the i n ne ene ), the er (Lategeolog th arlymountainous a) Sabah wes providesy favouial setting ich engine geologicalsited. d 2 Theinstabilit Th ars underlai and b se Trusmad Formatio red by(Palaeoce e to iEoc ageon and Crocke Formationy Receivedable 26 June 201 8 st Eocene to E Miocene s age ande vary recent Quaternarr alluvn materialss wh y ar still being depo ng Accepte July 2018 and i argillaceou T naturee redinten ma deformation are unstablesuffe and may e th Trusmadence s Formati du to by th pore highl pr jointed a Avail online 1 Augu 2018 sandstone and mudstone bed alof th esses.arenaceous Crocke Formatio make themd highl susceptible sto weatherie and nstability.ed ho weathe in terialss; k slope and soil slopexperi n). illiding slope e res high ally essurelved largend volumesintensively of failedof geomorphologic as procared muchIn thisk study,es, a totalere ofe 20 selecteres are criticalstly slopell failure wer studied kclassifi slope int estwo ma sgroup eroc (ten)tial r,(te So failu nd norm invos des well s e materialnation compre an rocde ofslop whentionedth failu mok smal to medium. Kinematicsy ysis roc tes analys e indicater thatty th evariable poten 6 of circula planar, wedges,al a topplingad failured themo as in a th combi ofs mo th be one mo eaforem failure. Rocslide and soi slopes stabilit) anal indica etersthat th efacto of safe valurrenceas unsafein the (0.5dyto 0.95). wereThe geologicttributed;influence alh andtransforme al slopesy, the Sabahl mountainou area to highly unstabl and susceptiblero to land, occurrences.al Sixties(6 related main param to th landslide occu es stu ,area a 1)alloc region geologn 2) hydrologicang and ide geohydrological, 3) mineralogical ntmic structuresng as 4) loc discontinui the structu andres, 5) physical andent. engineerings properting ofalsoil ppingand rock y playand a6) vitalgeomorphologic in er processesk whichn ca helpe in evaluati to landslre e p problems. s Therefore,and to be e developme with plannit en h to consider. slope hazard risk managem Thi engineeri geologic ma ma role disast ris reductio programm in SabahKEYWORDSensu th ublic afety xtend differen vironment ngineering y, Area, e De n Sabah West 1. INTRODUCTION E Geolog Mountainous Slop . sig and ern. The nt nce 0’s) a ll ver [2,13] ing l ted t of stern ere was ared rapid developme si the early nineties (9 had spi o al slopes th the ims of s the l and for the on of , ourism agric ral This ertiespaper ofdeals soilwith and thek,engineer e thegeologica r of mappingety foron slopes20 selec andeffec in theal mountainousr area Sabah we sewh landss ad, cle es critic wi a analysi physica mechanical constructi highways t activities, ultu activities the rs ng slope dy area ng o sed ide ard nd propntrally n e roc calculatast of factoss safgh er andangeto sever othee heavy infrastructures.nces The activitie ct h besid evaluate main facto contributi to failures. The stu lies spurri economic growth, als cau landsl haz a risk t ’ e and s ing e ce o th western co Sabaho pa throuo the Crock R problems. Slop failureoccurre have presently impa the community ’ re . part the area vernment in e ned s of repair nd nce ally roughlyo abou longitudeo line E 116 00’ to E 116 45 and latitude lin N it socio-economic development, in addition to add a strain to th st . d led ng d 05 st15 of totheN 05 50 villages’ (Figu 1) ndThe mainland art of the dsof s study d is theoss go andth heighteanis costngau . a maintenae failure is aespeci m of mo accessible Goo networks o f sealed and unsea roads connecting alo the roa connecting from Ranau to Tambunan, Penampang to the ky lems l gy re rate and were mod stabilityprime ially aroung it. P ds of roa sei constructell. acr Tambunaned by hum Kiman being to activitie Keni areas Slop for steep, hummoc and rugged slopes, creating prob of slope and passive geologica processes and meteorolo whe size ped, t e pr lem of slope st y has adver ely af the se of theroa espec duri perio inten rainfa Since it’s upgrad s. d ed n ted develo h ob abilit s fected u ng or se road. Theredy areawas some as research l conducte and publish ient documen researchM) and reports, international with their proceedited manuscript rt clo tsto avethe stupped suche entialMinera tiveand Geosciencesndslide reasDepartm n e of Malaysian (MGD n ofothers al documen research repo. Thereprojec h ma ngsom of potsical or ac la n a iri th consideratio and evaluatio y geologicalysis ndcontributions or repairingfactors [1-12] are , more. discussiile resphy characterizatio co dwith detailthe s engineering on eig t (8)materials, s slope stabilit an a x design s therea,slopes [1,3,4 6 -8] Wh some earchers have nducte tudy h ystems landslide hazardCite The comple Article: in Kundasang' town a (2018). Ranau, Malaysia . Pakistan Journal of Geology, ) : Rodeano Roslee, Felix Tongkul Engineering Geological Mapping On Slope Design In The Mountainous Area Of Sabah Western, Malaysia 2(2 01-10. Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG) 2(2) (2018) 01-10 of ng n Philippinee Sea Plate. s propertiesal the slidi materials, entialand an interpretatiode k slopeof the factors causings theasfailur been were recordeded by Ro Determinationk III ofmdiscontinuitie . sets, critic discontinuities plane pot mo and roc stability 3.analysiLOCALh GEOLOGYperform ANDckPac ENGINEERINGprogra [21 ] GEOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS The of e de k the i n o ene geology th rstudy areanis (Latema up of sedimentary roc of argillaceousm Trusmads Formatio 1 & F (Palaeocene. tdi Eoc nage), the arenstlyaceous Crocke grey Formatio Eocene age) and Quaternaryl of Alluviu Deposit (Tab le n igure 2)sThe itTrusma enFormatio jectedconsists mo orphism, of dark shale with thin beddeds andsandstones, typicas a turbidite deposit. In certai nareas, thi un has be or sub to eds.low metam nd eproducing s slates,ite phyllite nmeta e -sediment andd onintense tectonic ds.deformatio e producing k greydisrupted n brecciated s bight greyQuartz to abrownishcalcit vein weatare qu widespread withi th crack deforme sandstone be Th shale is dar whe fresh but change l The i when n hered. ally s jor ral NW and NE . layered of s one Figure 1: n of t e y are and Trusmadle of e formatior gener are showly two tedma structu 5E orientations -SE -SW [10] The nature the andst 2. METHODOLOGY Locatio h stud a and steep s rees) ward. scale sha0 terth Crocke Formation, (severalgeneral oriens betweenand reN32 Several ions can be sed o e slope . or s to N010E (4) set show ntationdip are(50 co-85 degon in easte y area.Large folds in types f d rding (> 10 me wavelength) faults meter wide) mo than osalsclassificat a u . Int describ dy, nlyfailures F thi study Thefour jointsaleorie ntact s ymm th bystud ater ch t the topics,ing the were o slope failures, since were sclassifie acco ler to the e y n face nd des nd s in prop of researcher [14] this stu o failures with volume did 3 , the sandstone-. sh co edi easilstoneaccessible and w andy alsosu contac exceedd 10 m e considered: 0 failure involvingm 0smal 0 volume seepaglemsma of weake entthe shale surnd. a e cause slie, a r,fall with not generally affect the road users. On the basis the slope failure was 0 ). or slope res 3 were ),3 on formatione Interbeddand sand aring shale. ma present divide into thre groups small (1 – 50 m ), Mediu (5 – 50 m ) and of , 3 try , al sandstoneprob willsettlem so andndrebou on e Thountmagnitud nd pehoweve of dependstrix Large (> 50 m, F eachng failu that studiednd (Fig ure 2 type thterialcha racterng extent of shee in thes areshale The strengthd and nof the failuresty the geometeristics, ofysical the andslope geologicanical of backgrounde al depe th am a ty cement -ma) or characteristics and an weatherii charactn t eeristics, rs groung th water f condition, based on ma occupyi arethe ledvoids. Th sandstone compacte ed i grain or fielddiscontinui characs were ph il and mechk s fromth esliding tudy to grained contact with each other.e Insteadence of chemical cement (vein the areamaterials co ednterpretatio during f ofmappingh facto for detailedcausi laboe ailurery a ysis. matrix, the of poresthe ndstonefil by finer-ygrained itsands s to siltered-siz or materials observation recorded. So roc sample th s squeez rock fragments. Th abs of chemical cement reduces The were llect rks ield s rainrato , nal strength sa especiall when i weath structurally , , vity and water ontent), Thedisturbed. nits ave nder ry lose test, laboratory wod such aallyclassification ned testsU)(g sizek atterberg en wet . g the y e le limit shrinkagessive limitngth andspecific ntgra ad test were c ed out npermeability nce shale u h an adequateater strengthch u d conditions but consolidate isotropic undrai (CI test, roc uniaxial and o d de of BS 1981 (Site reducesthis strength wh es sliding[6] Durin nd alling rain season,ly th thesha becomes compre stre poi lo carri i complia Investigation), ndard de of BS 1990 (Method of highly saturated swith w nwhi increasesn the water pressure and accordance t British Standar Co Practice 5930- Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes) nd M .