DOCSLIB.ORG

Endémicas Canarias De Los Géneros Tolpis Y Pulicaria: Aplicaciones Quimiotaxonómicas Y De

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Endémicas Canarias De Los Géneros Tolpis Y Pulicaria: Aplicaciones Quimiotaxonómicas Y De “ESTUDIO DE METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS DE ESPECIES ENDÉMICAS CANARIAS DE LOS GÉNEROS TOLPIS Y PULICARIA: APLICACIONES QUIMIOTAXONÓMICAS Y DE ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA” MEMORIA Presentada para obtener el grado de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Marzo 2008 Doctor en Ciencias Químicas por Francisco Javier Pérez Galván 2008 universitaria, Biblioteca ULPGC. por Dedicada con cariño a mi familia, especialmente a mi madre, mis hermanos y mis tíos Boro y Alicia realizada Digitalización autores. los de documento, Del © AGRADECIMIENTOS A los miembros del Grupo Química Orgánica I del Departamento de Química de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, en especial a los directores de tesis, el Dr. D. Jorge Triana Méndez y la Dra. Dña. Mariana López Sánchez, sin cuya experiencia, ayuda y consejos no habría sido posible la culminación de esta Memoria de 2008 Tesis, y al Dr. D. José Luis Eiroa Martínez por su ayuda en la recolección de las especies del Género Pulicaria, por los consejos en el terreno de la quimiotaxonomía y por sus constantes apoyo y ánimos. Asimismo, a los miembros del Departamento de universitaria, Química que, de algún modo, me han ayudado y apoyado en la culminación de este trabajo. Biblioteca Al Dr. D. Jaime Bermejo Barrera y a los miembros del Instituto de Productos ULPGC. Naturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C. de Tenerife, en especial a los Dres. D. Juan por Francisco León Oyola y D. Juan Carlos Hernández Pérez por su ayuda en la obtención de los datos de RMN y Masas, así como a los técnicos encargados de dichos equipos realizada pertenecientes al C.S.I.C. e I.U.B.O. Igualmente a los Dres. D. Javier González-Platas del Departamento de Física Fundamental de la Universidad de La Laguna y D. Matías López Rodríguez del I.U.B.O., por la realización de los espectros de difracción de rayos Digitalización X (ORTEP). autores. Al Dr. D. Francisco Estévez Rosas del Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología los de Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología, de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, por la realización de las pruebas de actividad citotóxica. documento, Al Dr. D. Pedro Luis Pérez de Paz del Departamento de Biología Vegetal Del (Botánica) en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de La Laguna, por la © recolección y clasificación botánica de las especies del género Tolpis estudiadas. A la Dra. Dña. Rosa Febles Hernández del Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, por la clasificación botánica de las especies del género Pulicaria estudiadas. A mi madre y a mis hermanos Olga, Juani y Cristóbal por soportar estoicamente mis problemas y por ser un punto de apoyo incondicional en todo el proceso seguido en estos años de trabajo. Sin ellos no estaría al final de este proceso. Igualmente a mis tíos Boro y Alicia por el ánimo y el apoyo recibido durante la realización del trabajo. 2008 universitaria, Biblioteca ULPGC. por realizada Digitalización autores. los de documento, Del © ÍNDICE 1. Introducción……………………………………………………………... 1 2. Objetivos………………………………………………………………… 19 3. Estudio químico de especies del Género Tolpis 3.1. Introducción al Género Tolpis……………………………………… 25 3.2. Tolpis webbii Sch. Bip. ex Webb et Berth. Parte Teórica………….. 35 2008 3.3. Tolpis webbii Sch. Bip. ex Webb et Berth. Parte Experimental……. 65 3.4. Tolpis sp. Parte Teórica…………………………………………… 91 3.5. Tolpis sp. Parte Experimental…………………………………….. 115 universitaria, 4. Estudio químico de especies del Género Pulicaria Biblioteca 4.1. Introducción al Género Pulicaria………………………………….. 139 4.2. Pulicaria burchardii A. Hans. & Sund. ssp. burchardii. ULPGC. Parte Teórica………………………………………………………. 175 por 4.3. Pulicaria burchardii A. Hans. & Sund. ssp. burchardii. Parte Experimental………………………………………………… 187 realizada 4.4. Pulicaria canariensis Bolle ssp. canariensis. Parte Teórica……… 199 4.5. Pulicaria canariensis Bolle ssp. canariensis. Parte Experimental... 253 4.6. Pulicaria canariensis Bolle ssp. lanata (Font Quer & Svent.) Digitalización Bramwell & G. Kunkel. Parte Teórica……………………………. 291 autores. 4.7. Pulicaria canariensis Bolle ssp. lanata (Font Quer & Svent.) los de Bramwell & G. Kunkel. Parte Experimental……………………… 307 5. Estudio de actividades biológicas 5.1. Parte Teórica……………………………………………………..... 327 documento, Del 5.2. Parte Experimental………………………………………………… 335 © 6. Técnicas generales e Instrumentación………………...………………... 341 7. Abreviaturas y acrónimos………………………………………………. 347 8. Conclusiones……………………………………………………………. 351 2008 universitaria, Biblioteca ULPGC. por realizada Digitalización autores. los de “El Alquimista”, de William Fettes Douglas documento, Del © 1. INTRODUCCIÓN —————————————————————— 1. Introducción La flora de la región Macaronésica pone de manifiesto un cierto número de características típicas de las islas oceánicas como es el caso de un alto grado de endemismos (40% en el caso de las Islas Canarias) y un predominio de formas leñosas entre los endemismos (el 70% de los endemismos de las Islas Canarias son leñosos). Sin embargo, aunque la región Macaronésica es representante típica de los sistemas insulares oceánicos en diferentes aspectos, la región en general, y las Islas Canarias en particular, difieren de forma marcada de otros grupos de islas más aisladas (como el 2008 caso de las islas Hawaii en el Pacífico) en la relativa proximidad a las potenciales áreas fuente del continente. universitaria, Las islas más orientales de Canarias están aproximadamente a 95 km de las costas del norte de África, y en los últimos 20 millones de años probablemente han Biblioteca podido llegar a estar a 65 km de distancia de esas costas. Además, se han localizado más de 20 montañas volcánicas submarinas situadas entre las Islas Canarias, Madeira, Islas ULPGC. Salvajes, y el continente, muchas de las cuales están a profundidades inferiores a los por 100 metros por debajo del nivel del mar. Estudios más recientes ponen de manifiesto que algunas de estas montañas submarinas tienen al menos una antigüedad de 60 realizada millones de años, por lo cual es posible que pudieran haber facilitado la dispersión entre el continente y las islas, actuando como una especie de trampolín durante los periodos glaciales, cuando los niveles marinos eran más bajos y esas montañas podían emerger Digitalización por encima del nivel del mar. autores. los La relativa proximidad de las islas de la Macaronesia al continente, la existencia de de estos posibles trampolines y la edad de las islas, hacen posible la hipótesis de que algunos géneros puedan haber provocado múltiples colonizaciones independientes en esta región. La retrocolonización hacia el continente desde la Macaronesia podría haber documento, Del tenido lugar de igual forma, por lo que las islas actuarían como un área fuente para los © endemismos continentales. Dichas relaciones entre la flora de las islas y el continente son mucho más complejas que aquellas que constituyen las hipótesis que se han planteado para otras islas de sistemas oceánicos insulares, tales como las islas Hawaii y las Galápagos. 3 Tesis Doctoral Francisco Javier Pérez Galván Por todo ello, y para una mejor comprensión del proceso de formación de la flora de la Macaronesia, es necesario conocer cuál ha sido la sucesión de eventos que han dado origen a las islas, partiendo de la consideración de las teorías de la Tectónica de Placas y la Deriva Continental, pues precisamente la explicación más aceptada acerca del origen y la formación de los archipiélagos que constituyen la Macaronesia radica en los movimientos de las masas continentales. La formación del Océano Atlántico se inicia hace unos 180 millones de años, 2008 cuando lo que hoy es América del Norte empieza a separarse de Europa (África se separa un poco más tarde), alcanzando su actual forma durante el periodo Cretácico, universitaria, aproximadamente hace unos 65 millones de años, y continuando en la actualidad con su expansión a una velocidad de unos 2 cm por año. Desde un punto de vista puramente geológico, las de la Macaronesia son unas islas oceánicas de origen volcánico, y Biblioteca teniendo en cuenta su proceso de génesis podemos dividirlas en dos grupos, que son: ULPGC. Las Azores. por Resto de los archipiélagos. realizada En el caso de las islas Azores, los estudios geológicos ponen de manifiesto que cada una de ellas se corresponde con un afloramiento de la dorsal mesoatlántica, mientras que el resto de los archipiélagos de la Macaronesia se encuentran en una zona Digitalización media de la placa africana (situación intraplaca) que se corresponde con una región relativamente próxima a la zona de contacto entre la corteza oceánica y la corteza autores. continental. los de En lo que respecta a las Islas Canarias su origen ha dado lugar a diferentes polémicas entre los geólogos, con dos grandes hipótesis predominantes: la de la documento, procedencia continental y la del origen volcánico independiente. En el primer caso se Del propone que las islas son fragmentos del vecino continente africano, que con el © transcurso del tiempo quedaron separadas al romperse los puentes terrestres que las unían entre sí, o que las conectaban con el continente1. En el segundo caso la existencia de pruebas de tipo geológico como son la presencia de calizas fosilíferas y playas levantadas, parecen indicar su formación en función de un origen volcánico a ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. Sunding, P. “Origins of the Macaronesian flora”. In Plants and Islands. Bramwell Ed. (1979), London, 13-40. 4 1. Introducción partir del fondo marino, estando sumergidas durante
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kerbs 2020.Pdf (698.1Kb)
    Received: 23 July 2020 | Revised: 8 October 2020 | Accepted: 14 October 2020 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6992 ORIGINAL RESEARCH How rapidly do self-compatible populations evolve selfing? Mating system estimation within recently evolved self- compatible populations of Azorean Tolpis succulenta (Asteraceae) Benjamin Kerbs1 | Daniel J. Crawford1,2 | Griffin White1,3 | Mónica Moura4 | Lurdes Borges Silva4 | Hanno Schaefer5 | Keely Brown1 | Mark E. Mort1 | John K. Kelly1 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Abstract KS, USA Genome-wide genotyping and Bayesian inference method (BORICE) were employed 2 Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, to estimate outcrossing rates and paternity in two small plant populations of Tolpis Lawrence, KS, USA 3ETH Zurich, Functional Genomics Center succulenta (Asteraceae) on Graciosa island in the Azores. These two known extant Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland populations of T. succulenta on Graciosa have recently evolved self-compatibility. 4 InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Despite the expectation that selfing would occur at an appreciable rate (self-incom- Açores, Faculdade de Ciências Tecnoclogia, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em patible populations of the same species show low but nonzero selfing), high outcross- Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, ing was found in progeny arrays from maternal plants in both populations. This is Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal inconsistent with an immediate transition to high selfing following the breakdown 5Department of Ecology and Ecosystem of a genetic incompatibility system. This finding is surprising given the small popula- Management, Plant Biodiversity Research, tion sizes and the recent colonization of an island from self-incompatible colonists of Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany T.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark E. Mort 2, John K. Kelly
    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY RESEARCH ARTICLE BRIEF COMMUNICATION M ULTIPLEXED-SHOTGUN-GENOTYPING DATA RESOLVE PHYLOGENY WITHIN A VERY RECENTLY 1 DERIVED INSULAR LINEAGE M ARK E. MORT 2,8 , D ANIEL J. CRAWFORD 2 , J OHN K. KELLY 3 , A RNOLDO S ANTOS-GUERRA 4 , M IGUEL M ENEZES DE SEQUEIRA 5 , M ÓNICA M OURA 6 , AND J ULI C AUJAPÉ-CASTELLS 7 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA; 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA; 4 Calle Guaidil 16, Urbanización Tamarco, Tegueste, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain 38280; 5 Universidade da Madeira, Centro de Ciências da Vida, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal; 6 Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Biologia, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; and 7 Jardin Botanico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria; Camino al Palmeral 15, Tafi ra Alta 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain • Premise of the study: Endemic plants on oceanic islands have long served as model systems for studying patterns and processes of evolution. However, phylogenetic studies of island plants frequently illustrate a decoupling of molecular divergence and ecological/morphological diversity, resulting in phylogenies lacking the resolution required to interpret patterns of evolution in a phylogenetic context. The current study uses the primarily Macaronesian fl owering plant genus Tolpis to illustrate the utility of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) for resolving relationships at relatively deep (among archipelagos) and very shallow (within archipelagos) nodes in this small, yet diverse insular plant lineage that had not been resolved with other molecular markers.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Metabolites from Two Species of Tolpis and Their Biological Activities
    Molecules 2012, 17, 12895-12909; doi:10.3390/molecules171112895 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Secondary Metabolites from Two Species of Tolpis and Their Biological Activities Jorge Triana 1,*, Mariana López 1, Francisco Javier Pérez 1, Milagros Rico 1, Aroa López 1, Francisco Estévez 2,3, María Teresa Marrero 2, Ignacio Brouard 4 and Francisco León 4,* 1 Departamento de Química, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (F.J.P.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (A.L.) 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; E-Mails: [email protected] (F.E.); [email protected] (M.T.M.) 3 Fundación Canaria Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Torre Agustín Arévalo-7ª Planta (PCTT-ULL) Avda de la Trinidad s/n 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna-S/C de Tenerife, Spain 4 Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] (F.L.); Tel.: +34-922-256847 (ext. 224) (F.L.); Fax: +34-922-260135 (F.L.). Received: 27 September 2012; in revised form: 24 October 2012 / Accepted: 26 October 2012 / Published: 1 November 2012 Abstract: Phytochemical research of two Tolpis species, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Heterogeneity of Black Alder Forests in and Around El-Kala
    Botanical Sciences 97 (1): 13-34. 2019 Received: March 18, 2018, accepted: August 13, 2018 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1982 On line first: January 29, 2019 Ecology/Ecología Vegetation heterogeneity of black alder forests in and around El-Kala Biosphere Reserve, northeastern Algeria Heterogeneidad de la vegetación de los bosques de aliso negro en y alrededor de la Reserva de la Biosfera El-Kala, noreste de Argelia Abdeldjabar Necer1, 2*, Aicha Tadjine 1, 2, Djamila Belouahem-Abed3, and Messaoud Saoudi1, 2 1Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf, Algeria 2Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf, Algeria 3National Institute of Forestry Researches, El-Kala Research Station, El-Tarf, Algeria * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Despite its ecological importance, the study of Algerian alder forests has been largely neglected, even though they represent the largest ones of their kind in North Africa. Moreover, few measures have been taken towards the protection of these ecosystems. Questions: How many species are present in the Algerian alder forests? What is the effect of soil properties on species richness and diversity of inventoried plants? Are its spatial patterns related to soil variables variation? Studied species: Polypodiopsida, Gymnospermae, and Angiospermae. Study site and dates: El-Kala Biosphere Reserve (KBR) and surroundings, El-Tarf province, northeastern Algeria, from January 2016 to February 2017. Methods: Twenty-eight localities were sampled using the relevé method. Soil samples were taken from three points at each site. The re- lationship between species richness and soil factors was statistically evaluated using multiple linear regression and multivariate statistical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) Endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific)
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 171–178 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 29 June 2012 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012 Taxonomic treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific) José A. Mejías1,* & Seung-Chul Kim2 1) Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, ES-41012 Seville, Spain (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Korea 440-746 Received 29 June 2011, final version received 15 Nov. 2011, accepted 16 Nov. 2011 Mejías, J. A. & Kim, S. C. 2012: Taxonomic treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 171–178. The evolutionary origin and taxonomic position of Dendroseris and Thamnoseris (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) are discussed in the light of recent molecular systematic studies. Based on the previous development of a robust phylogenetic framework, we support the inclusion of the group as a subgenus integrated within a new and broad concept of the genus Sonchus. This approach retains information on the evolutionary relationships of the group which most likely originated from an adaptive radiation process; furthermore, it also promotes holophyly in the subtribe Hyoseridinae (for- merly Sonchinae). Consequently, all the former Dendroseris and Thamnoseris species must be transferred to Sonchus. A preliminary nomenclatural synopsis of the proposed subgenus is given here, including the new required combinations. Introduction Within the tribe Cichorieae, the most prominent cases occur on the Canary Islands Adaptive radiation on oceanic islands has (NE Atlantic Ocean), and on the Juan Fern- yielded spectacular and explosive in-situ diversi- ández Islands (SE Pacific Ocean) (Crawford fication of plants (Carlquist 1974: 22–23), which et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tribe Cichorieae In
    Chapter24 Cichorieae Norbert Kilian, Birgit Gemeinholzer and Hans Walter Lack INTRODUCTION general lines seem suffi ciently clear so far, our knowledge is still insuffi cient regarding a good number of questions at Cichorieae (also known as Lactuceae Cass. (1819) but the generic rank as well as at the evolution of the tribe. name Cichorieae Lam. & DC. (1806) has priority; Reveal 1997) are the fi rst recognized and perhaps taxonomically best studied tribe of Compositae. Their predominantly HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Holarctic distribution made the members comparatively early known to science, and the uniform character com- Tournefort (1694) was the fi rst to recognize and describe bination of milky latex and homogamous capitula with Cichorieae as a taxonomic entity, forming the thirteenth 5-dentate, ligulate fl owers, makes the members easy to class of the plant kingdom and, remarkably, did not in- identify. Consequently, from the time of initial descrip- clude a single plant now considered outside the tribe. tion (Tournefort 1694) until today, there has been no dis- This refl ects the convenient recognition of the tribe on agreement about the overall circumscription of the tribe. the basis of its homogamous ligulate fl owers and latex. He Nevertheless, the tribe in this traditional circumscription called the fl ower “fl os semifl osculosus”, paid particular at- is paraphyletic as most recent molecular phylogenies have tention to the pappus and as a consequence distinguished revealed. Its circumscription therefore is, for the fi rst two groups, the fi rst to comprise plants with a pappus, the time, changed in the present treatment. second those without.
    [Show full text]
  • Jumping the Garden Fence
    Jumping the Garden Fence Invasive garden plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts A CSIRO report for WWF-Australia by R.H. Groves CSIRO Plant Industry Robert Boden Robert Boden & Associates W.M. Lonsdale CSIRO Entomology February 2005 Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia © WWF-Australia 2005. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 1 875941 84 3 Authors: Richard Groves, Robert Boden and Mark Lonsdale WWF-Australia Head Office Level 13, 235 Jones St Ultimo NSW 2007 Tel: +612 9281 5515 Fax: +612 9281 1060 www.wwf.org.au Published in February 2005 by WWF-Australia. Any reproduction in full or part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. First published in February 2005 For bibliographic purposes this paper should be cited as: Groves, R.H., Boden, R. & Lonsdale, W.M. 2005. Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. WWF-Australia, Sydney. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of WWF. For copies of this report, please contact WWF-Australia at [email protected] or call 1800 032 551. World Wide Fund for Nature ABN: 57 001 594 074 Acknowledgments. We thank Andreas Glanznig for initiating the project and commenting throughout the gestation of this report. Dave Albrecht (Alice Springs), George Batianoff (Qld), Kate Blood (Vic), Geoff Butler and Geoff Price (ACT), David Cooke (SA), John Hosking (NSW), Greg Keighery (WA), Andrew Mitchell (NT Top End) and Tim Rudman (Tas) gave their time and experience to nominate the most important garden plants that were still for sale in their respective jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetics and Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Tolpis in the Azores and Madeira
    UNIVERSIDADE DOS AÇORES DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA MESTRADO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E BIOTECNOLOGIA VEGETAL POPULATION GENETICS AND PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF THE GENUS TOLPIS IN THE AZORES AND MADEIRA ORIENTADORES Professora Doutora MÓNICA MOURA Doutora JULIE SARDOS Lurdes da Conceição Borges Silva Ponta Delgada Abril de 2012 UNIVERSIDADE DOS AÇORES DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA MESTRADO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E BIOTECNOLOGIA VEGETAL MASTER DISSERTATION INCLUDED IN DEMIURGO PROJECT FINANCED BY FEDER, OF THE INICIATIVE MAC/1/C020- PROGRAMA DE COOPERAÇÃO TRANSNACIONAL AÇORES-MADEIRA-CANÁRIAS (MAC) 2007-2013 ORIENTADORES Professora Doutora MÓNICA MOURA Doutora JULIE SARDOS Lurdes da Conceição Borges Silva Ponta Delgada Abril de 2012 INDEX Resumo Acknowledgements Abstract Introduction …………………………………………………………………….. 1 Material and Methods ………………………………………………………….. 9 1. Phylogenetic study ………………………………………………………… 9 1.1.Taxon sampling ……………………………………………………….. 9 1.2.DNA Extraction and amplification …………………………………... 9 1.3.Alignment of sequence and analysis …………………………………. 10 2. Morphological study ……………………………………………………… 11 2.1. Taxon sampling and characters measured …………………………... 11 2.2. Statistical analysis ……………………………………………………... 13 3. Population genetics study ………………………………………………… 14 3.1. Taxon sampling ………………………………………………………... 14 3.2. Taxon extraction ………………………………………………………. 18 3.3. Characterization of the microsatellites ………………………………. 19 3.4. Full scalle genotyping …………………………………………………. 19 3.5 Data analysis …………………………………………………………… 20 Results ……………………………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Figure S1. Location of Sites Considered in This Study
    Figure S1. Location of sites considered in this study. Figure S2. Hedges’d for comparison of shared species abundance in Spanish and Californian plots. Pest species are in red, and non-pest species in blue according to CAL-IPC. We indicate mean relative cover per occupied plot ± SE. Table S1. Species found in the surveys. We recorded 139 species in Spain and 95 in California. In Spain, all species were native. Colonizers are Spanish origin species established in California. In California, we found 43 native species, and all exotic species were native to Spain (i.e., colonizers). level of invasion in species family origin California Achryrachaena mollis Asteraceae Californian native - Aegilops geniculata Poaceae Colonizer non-pest Aegilops triuncialis Poaceae Colonizer pest Agrostis pourretii Poaceae Spanish non-colonizer - Aira caryophyllea Poaceae Colonizer non-pest Amsinckia menziesii Boraginaceae Californian native - Anacyclus radiatus Asteraceae Spanish non-colonizer - Andryala integrifolia Asteraceae Spanish non-colonizer - Anthoxanthum odoratum Poaceae Colonizer pest Arisarum simorrhinum Araceae Spanish non-colonizer - Asphodelus ramosus Xanthorrhoeaceae Spanish non-colonizer - Avena barbata Poaceae Colonizer pest Bellis annua Asteraceae Spanish non-colonizer - Bellis perennis Asteraceae Colonizer non-pest Beta vulgaris Quenopodiaceae Colonizer non-pest Biscutella sp Brassicaceae Spanish non-colonizer - Biserrula pelecinus Fabaceae Spanish non-colonizer - Brachypodium distachyon Poaceae Colonizer pest Briza maxima Poaceae Colonizer
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition to Selfing and Its Implications for the Conservation Of
    The transition to selfing and its implications for the conservation of small insular plant populations: a case study from Tolpis succulenta in the Azores D. J. Crawford∗1, M. Mouray2, L. Borges Silva2, M. E. Mort3, G. White4, B. Kerbs3, H. Schaefer5, and J. K. Kelly3 1Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas { Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA, United States 2CIBIO, Centro de Investiga¸c~aoem Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen´eticos,InBIO Laborat´orio Associado, P´olodos A¸cores,Universidade dos A¸cores{ Rua da M~aede Deus 13A, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, A¸cores, Portugal, Portugal 3Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas { Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA, United States 4Evergreen State College { Olympia, WA 98505, USA, United States 5Department of Ecology Ecosystem Management, Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich { Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany, Germany Abstract Baker's law posits that self-compatible (SC) plant colonizers of oceanic islands should be more frequent than self-incompatible (SI) colonists because sexually-reproducing populations can originate from a single SC colonizer whereas two or more SI compatible mates are neces- sary. SC is over represented in insular Asteraceae compared to mainland members; neverthe- less, many speciose Asteraceae lineages originated from SI or pseudo-self-compatible (PSC, can set some self-seed) colonists. Members of the composite genus Tolpis endemic/native to the Macaronesian archipelagos, save one Canarian species, consist of SI/PSC species and are exceptions to Baker's law. Interestingly, the in situ transition to selfing in the dynamic landscapes of oceanic archipelagos has rarely been reported for native/endemic insular com- posites.
    [Show full text]