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Glossary of Definitions of Rape, Femicide and Intimate Partner

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Glossary of Definitions of Rape, Femicide and Intimate Partner Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) is an autonomous body of the European Union, established to contribute to and strengthen the promotion of gender equality, including gender mainstreaming in all EU policies and the resulting national policies, and the fight against discrimination based on sex, as well as to raise EU citizens’ awareness of gender equality. The Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence has been prepared by Natha- lie Meurens and Hana Spanikova (Milieu Ltd) and reviewed by Els Leye (Ghent University) for EIGE under con- tract No. EIGE/2015/OPER/12 A. The views expressed herein are those of the consultants alone and do not necessarily represent the official views of EIGE. The European Institute for Gender Equality Gedimino pr. 16 LT-01103 Vilnius LITUANIA Tel. +370 52157444 E-mail: [email protected] http://eige.europa.eu http://www.twitter.com/eurogender http://www.facebook.com/eige.europa.eu EuroGender: http://eurogender.eige.europa.eu http://www.youtube.com/eurogender Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9493-760-5 doi:10.2839/58061 MH-04-17-297-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9493-759-9 doi:10.2839/918972 MH-04-17-297-EN-N © European Institute for Gender Equality, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence Abbreviations CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women EIGE European Institute for Gender Equality Eurostat the statistical office of the European Union EU European Union FGM female genital mutilation FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights GBV gender-based violence ICCS International classification of crimes for statistical purposes ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia IPV intimate partner violence UN United Nations Unicef United Nations Children’s Fund UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VAW violence against women WHO World Health Organisation (UN) 2 Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 General background of the study ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 1.2 Methodology for developing the definitions ........................................................................................5 2. Definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence for statistical purposes ...... 9 2.1 Rape ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 2.1.1 List of definitions used at the European and international levels .......................................................9 2.1.2 List of Member State definitions of rape .....................................................................................................12 2.1.3 Proposed definition of rape �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 2.2 Femicide �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 2.2.1 List of definitions used at the European and international levels .....................................................17 2.2.2 List of Member State definitions ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 2.2.3 Proposed definition of femicide ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28 2.3 Intimate partner violence ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 2.3.1 List of definitions used at the European and international levels .....................................................29 2.3.2 List of Member State definitions ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31 2.3.3 Proposed definition of intimate partner violence �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 2.3.3.3 Definition of sexual violence ............................................................................................................................................................45 2.3.3.4 Definition of psychological violence ...........................................................................................................................................45 2.3.3.5 Definition of economic violence ....................................................................................................................................................46 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................... 47 Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence 3 Executive Summary Introduction 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1.1 General background of the study 1.2 Methodology for developing the definitions The Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence (hereafter, the Glossary) has been pre- The Glossary builds on the research carried out by the pro- pared within the scope of the European Institute for Gen- ject team and national experts, in which the European, in- der Equality (EIGE) Study on terminology and indicators for ternational and national definitions of the three forms of data collection on rape, femicide and intimate partner vio- violence have been thoroughly analysed. lence (hereinafter the Study) carried out by Milieu Ltd, the contractor. The overall objective of the Study is to establish As a first step, the project team mapped the definitions of a measure of violence against women (VAW) through the rape, femicide and IPV established by European and inter- use of indicators on rape, femicide and intimate partner vi- national legal and policy instruments, while the national olence (IPV), which will guide methods of data collection experts mapped the national definitions of three forms of across the 28 EU Member States in a way that ensures the violence used for statistical purposes. reliability and comparability of data on VAW. The analysis of the definitions of rape, femicide and IPV The increased harmonisation of data collection of the looked at two types of definitions, the legal definitions aforementioned three forms of violence, across the Mem- of the offences (i.e. what constitutes an offence by law) and ber States, will eventually allow for a comparison of scope their statistical definitions (i.e. what is measured by the and trends between the Member States, something which data). The legal definitions are used for statistical purposes, is crucial for EU policy development in combating VAW. given that the forms of VAW covered by the Study concern While a consistent legal and regulatory framework across criminal offences in most Member States. In some cases, the Member States, with comparable legal definitions, Member States also used statistical definitions, sometimes would greatly facilitate the collection of comparable data, in combination with the legal definitions (this was done in it is not a prerequisite. Instead, consistent and comparable particular for IPV). statistical definitions are the key to achieving full compara- bility. Establishing common statistical definitions allow the As a second step, components of definitions were select- extent of this violence to be measured in a systematic and ed based on international, European and national compo- comparable manner. nents, comparability and relevance. The national experts analysed whether each of the components below were The Glossary provides a detailed overview of the identified reflected in the national definitions. European, international and national definitions of rape, femicide and IPV. Where possible, the focus is on definitions used for statistical purposes. The Glossary then presents the definitions proposed for the three forms of violence with the aim of developing comparable definitions for statistical purposes. Glossary of definitions of rape, femicide and intimate partner violence 5 1. Introduction Table 1: The selected components of the definitions Rape Femicide Intimate partner violence • Use of force, coercion or deceit. • Intentional killing. • Physical violence. • Taking advantage of vulnerability. • Gender-based act and/or killing of • Sexual violence. • Lack of consent. women. • Psychological violence. • Vaginal intercourse. • Killing of partner/spouse. • Economic violence. • Other forms of penetration (anal, • Death of women resulting from • Other constituent elements of IPV. oral, or other). IPV. • Use of an object. • Female genital mutilation (FGM)-re- lated death. • Use of other body parts for the penetration. • Death related
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