Constancea 83.8: Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico
Constancea 83, 2002 University and Jepson Herbaria P.C. Silva Festschrift
A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte Department of Marine Sciences University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Puerto Rico U.S.A. 00681
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/checklist.html (1 of 3)9/14/2006 6:10:37 AM Constancea 83.8: Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico
Bonnie Bower Dennis
The Checklist:
● Rhodophyta
● Heterokontophyta
● Bibliography
● Notes
This checklist is originally based on:
Ballantine, D.L. and N.E. Aponte. 1997. A revised checklist of the benthic marine algae known to Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 33: 150–179.
The first complete list of the marine benthic algal flora of Puerto Rico was compiled by Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983). That list was revised by Ballantine and Aponte (1997a). Numerous nomenclatural changes were incorporated. The present revision includes newly reported species records for Puerto Rico as well as systematic updates reported by Wynne (1998). Four hundred ninety-two species of algae, including macroscopic Chrysophyceae and Xanthophyceae but excluding Cyanophyta, are now listed from Puerto Rico. Among the major divisions of algae, the flora consists of 59% Rhodophyta, 13% Phaeophyta, and 28% Chlorophyta.
Puerto Rico is centrally situated in an arc of islands comprising the West Indies. The Greater Antilles, of which Puerto Rico is the eastern-most island, define the northern boundary of the Caribbean Sea; thus, the north coast of Puerto Rico abuts the Atlantic Ocean while the remaining coasts are technically Caribbean. The marine algal flora of Puerto Rico has been intensively collected and is presently the best known of any island or island group in the region.
Studies of Puerto Rican algae date to the latter part of the last century. Hauck's (1888) report was the first published account of Puerto Rican algae, reporting 90 species from the island. Many of these records were subsequently treated as "Uncertain Records" by Taylor (1960), and several other of the reported species have not been collected again in Puerto Rico. Díaz-Piferrer (1963) has discussed the substantial contributions made by Howe (e.g., 1903, 1907, 1915, 1921; Foslie and Howe 1906), Foslie (1929), and Blomquist (Almodóvar and Blomquist 1959, 1961; Blomquist and Almodóvar 1961;
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/checklist.html (2 of 3)9/14/2006 6:10:37 AM Constancea 83.8: Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico Blomquist and Díaz-Piferrer 1961) to our understanding of the island's benthic marine flora. Subsequent ambitious collecting by University of Puerto Rico professors Luis R. Almodóvar and Manuel Díaz- Piferrer, until their retirements, is responsible for many of the algal records.
Collections of Puerto Rican marine algae have historically been housed in two herbaria on the island. The first of these, the Ficoteca Puertorriqueña was established in 1958 and was directed by Manuel Díaz-Piferrer. The second was also founded in 1958 by Luis R. Almodóvar. Remarkably, both herbaria, recognized in the Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1981) with abbreviations FPDB and MSM respectively, were holdings within the Department of Marine Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. The two were officially combined into a single herbarium, MSM, by the senior author in 1990 and the collection of over 36,000 specimens is now known as the Herbario Marino Puertorriqueño (Holmgren et al., 1990).
Where taxa are common to Puerto Rico and the marine flora of the Indian Ocean, we have followed the taxonomy and nomenclature of Silva et al. (1996) except where otherwise indicated by footnotes. Footnotes also indicate additions to the flora since the first checklist (Almodóvar and Ballantine, 1983) and nomenclatural changes since Wynne's (1986) checklist. We have also followed Silva et al.'s (1996) arrangement of orders in presumed phylogenetic sequence. Families, genera, and species are alphabetically arranged. Synonyms are listed indented in brackets under accepted names. For the sake of simplicity we have avoided use of infraspecific taxa where possible. Exceptions are limited to those taxa which are only known to the flora as a specific variety. Authors are abbreviated according to Brummitt and Powell (1992). One hundred fifty-three genera or species are currently linked to underwater natural habitat images, photomicrographs, herbarium specimen scans, or paintings. Unless otherwise indicated, photos, and herbarium specimens are of algae from Puerto Rico.
We gratefully acknowledge the support of the University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant Program and the former Office of Research Coordination of the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez. We also thank Ms. Bonnie Bower Dennis who is responsible for the algal paintings.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/checklist.html (3 of 3)9/14/2006 6:10:37 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta
A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision I. Rhodophyta
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte
Underlined names are links to images; underlined numbers are links to notes
Rhodophyta Rhodophyceae Bangiophycidae Porphyridiales Porphyridiaceae
Chroodactylon ornatum (C.Agardh) Basson [Asterocytis ramosa (1)] Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K.M.Drew [Goniotrichum alsidii (1)]
Phragmonemataceae
Bangiopsis subsimplex (Mont.) F.Schmitz
Erythropeltidales Erythrotrichiaceae
Erythrocladia endophloea M.Howe (2) Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J.Agardh Sahlingia subintegra (Rosenv.) Kornmann [Erythrocladia subintegra (1)]
Florideophycidae Acrochaetiales Acrochaetiaceae
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Acrochaetium flexuosum Vickers A. hypneae Børgesen [A. seriatum (1)] A. liagorae Børgesen [Kylinia liagorae (1)] A. ophioglossum (C.W.Schneid.) D.L.Ballant. & Aponte (3) A. sancti-thomae Børgesen
Nemaliales Galaxauraceae
Galaxaura comans Kjellm. G. marginata (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. G. obtusata (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. G. rugosa (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. (4) G. subverticillata Kjellm. (5) Scinaia complanata (Collins) Cotton Tricleocarpa cylindrica (J.Ellis & Sol.) Huisman & Borow. (6) [Galaxaura cylindrica (1)] T. fragilis (L.) Huisman & R.A.Towns. (7) [Galaxaura oblongata (1)]
Liagoraceae
Ganonema farinosum (J.V.Lamour.) K.C.Fan & Yung C.Wang [Liagora farinosa (1)] G. dendroideum (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) D.L.Ballant. & Aponte (8) [Liagora mucosa (1)] Helminthocladia calvadosii (J.V.Lamour. ex Duby) Setch. Liagora ceranoides J.V.Lamour. L. megagyna Børgesen L. orientalis J.Agardh (9) L. pinnata Harv. L. valida Harv. (10) Liagoropsis schrammii (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Doty & I.A.Abbott Trichogloea requienii (Mont.) Kütz. Trichogloeopsis pedicellata (M.Howe) I.A.Abbott & Doty (11) [Liagora pedicellata]
Gelidiales
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Gelidium americanum (W.R.Taylor) Santel. [Pterocladia americana (1)] G. crinale (Turner) Gaillon G. floridanum W.R.Taylor G. pusillum (Stackh.) Le Jolis G. spinosum (S.G.Gmel.) P.C.Silva (12) [G. corneum (1)] Pterocladia bartlettii W.R.Taylor Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G.Gmel.) Santel. & Hommers. (13) [Pterocladia pinnata (1)]
Gelidiellaceae
Gelidiella acerosa (Forssk.) Feldmann & Hamel G. pannosa (Feldmann) Feldmann & Hamel (14)
Gracilariales (15) Gracilariaceae
Gracilaria blodgettii Harv. (16) G. bursa-pastoris (S.G.Gmel.) P.C.Silva [G. compressa (1)] G. caudata J.Agardh (17) [G. verrucosa (1)] G. cervicornis (Turner) J.Agardh (18) G. cuneata Aresch. G. curtissiae J.Agardh G. damaecornis J.Agardh G. domingensis (Kütz.) Sond. ex Dickie G. krugiana Hauck (19) G. lacinulata (H.West) M.Howe (20) [G. foliifera (1)] G. mammillaris (Mont.) M.Howe G. tikvahiae McLachlan [G. foliifera v. angustissima (1)] Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (C.J.Bird & E.C.Oliveira) Fredericq & Hommers. (21) [Gracilaria sjoestedtii (1)] Hydropuntia cornea (J Agardh) M.J.Wynne (22) [Gracilaria debilis (1)]
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (3 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta H. crassissima (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) M.J.Wynne (23) [Gracilaria crassissima (1)]
Bonnemaisoniales Bonnemaisoniaceae
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevis. (24)
Hildenbrandiales Hildenbrandiaceae
Hildenbrandia rubra (Sommerf.) Menegh. [H. prototypus (1)]
Rhodogorgonales Rhodogorgonaceae
Rhodogorgon ramosissima J.N.Norris & Bucher (25)
Corallinales Corallinaceae
Amphiroa beauvoisii J.V.Lamour. A. fragilissima (L.) J.V.Lamour. A. hancockii W.R.Taylor A. rigida J.V.Lamour. var. antillana Børgesen A. tribulus (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. Corallina panizzoi Schnetter & U.Richt. (26) [C. officinalis (1)] Goniolithon decutescens (Heydr.) Foslie (27) Haliptilon cubense (Mont. ex Kütz.) Garbary & H.W.Johansen [Corallina cubensis (1)] H. subulatum (J.Ellis & Sol.) H.W.Johans. [Corallina subulata (1)] Hydrolithon farinosum (J.V.Lamour.) Penrose & Y.M.Chamb. [Fosliella farinosa (1)] H. munitum (Foslie & M.Howe) Penrose (28) [Lithophyllum munitum (1)] Jania adhaerens J.V.Lamour. [J. adherens (1)] J. capillacea Harv. (29) J. pumila J.V.Lamour.
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J. rubens (L.) J.V.Lamour. Lithophyllum congestum (Foslie) Foslie (30) [Lithophyllum daedaleum (1)] L. intermedium Foslie L. prototypum (Foslie) Foslie Melobesia membranacea (Esper) J.V.Lamour. Mesophyllum aemulans (Foslie & M.Howe) W.H.Adey [Lithothamnium aemulans (1)] Neogoniolithon accretum (Foslie & M.Howe) Setch. & L.R.Mason [Goniolithon accretum (1)] N. acropetum (Foslie & M.Howe) W.H.Adey [Goniolithon acropetum (1)] N. affine (Foslie & M.Howe) Setch. & L.R.Mason [Goniolithon affine (1)] N. caribaeum (Foslie) W.H.Adey [Lithophyllum caribaeum (1)] N. solubile (Foslie & M.Howe) Setch. & L.R.Mason (31) [Goniolithon solubile (1)] N. spectabile (Foslie) Setch. & L.R.Mason (27) [Goniolithon spectabile (1)] N. strictum (Foslie) Setch. & L.R.Mason [Goniolithon strictum (1)] Pneophyllum fragile Kütz. (32) [Fosliella lejolisii (1)] Porolithon antillarum (Foslie & M.Howe) Foslie P. pachydermum (Foslie) Foslie Titanoderma pustulatum (J.V.Lamour.) Foslie (33)
Sporolithaceae
Sporolithon dimotum (Foslie & M.Howe) Yam.-Tomita ex M.J.Wynne [Archaeolithothamnium dimotum (1)]
Gigartinales Caulacanthaceae
Catenella caespitosa (With.) L.M.Irvine [C. repens (1)]
Dumontiaceae
Acrosymphyton caribaeum (J.Agardh) G.Sjöstedt (34)
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Dudresnaya crassa M.Howe D. puertoricensis Searles & D.L.Ballant. (35)
Hypneaceae
Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V.Lamour. (36) H. spinella (C.Agardh) Kütz. H. valentiae (Turner) Mont. [H. cornuta (1)] H. volubilis Searles (37)
Kallymeniaceae
Kallymenia westii Ganesan [K. perforata (1)]
Nemastomataceae
Predaea feldmannii Børgesen (2) P. goffiana D.L.Ballant., H.Ruiz & Aponte (38) P. weldii Kraft & I.A.Abbott (37)
Peyssonneliaceae
Cruoriella armorica P.Crouan & H.Crouan (39) [Peyssonnelia armorica (1)] Peyssonnelia conchicola Picc. & Grunow P. rosenvingii F.Schmitz P. rubra (Grev.) J.Agardh (40)
Phyllophoraceae
Gymnogongrus tenuis (J.Agardh) J.Agardh
Rhizophyllidaceae
Ochtodes secundiramea (Mont.) M.Howe
Schizymeniaceae
Titanophora cfr. incrustans (J.Agardh) Børgesen (37)
Solieriaceae
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (6 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta Agardhiella ramosissima (Harv.) Kylin A. subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft & M.J.Wynne [A. tenera (1, in part)] Eucheuma isiforme (C.Agardh) J.Agardh Flahaultia tegetiformans W.R.Taylor (37) Meristiella echinocarpum (Aresch.) D.P.Cheney & P.W.Gabrielson (41) [Eucheuma echinocarpum (1)] M. gelidium (J. Agardh) D.P.Cheney & P.W.Gabrielson [Eucheuma gelidium (1)] M. schrammii (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) D.P.Cheney & P.W.Gabrielson (41) [Eucheuma schrammii (1)] Solieria filiformis (Kütz.) P.W.Gabrielson [Agardhiella tenera (1, in part)]
Wurdemanniaceae
Wurdemannia miniata (Spreng.) Feldmann & Hamel (42)
Cryptonemiales (43) Halymeniaceae
Cryptonemia bengryi W.R.Taylor C. crenulata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh C. seminervis (C.Agardh) J.Agardh (44) [C. luxurians (1)] Grateloupia cuneifolia J.Agardh (45) G. dichotoma J.Agardh G. filicina (J.V.Lamour.) C.Agardh G. gibbesii Harv. (45) Halymenia duchassaingii (J.Agardh) Kylin (25) H. elongata C.Agardh (46) [H. agardhii (1, in part)] H. floresia (Clemente) C.Agardh H. floridana J.Agardh (47) H. gelinaria Collins & M.Howe H. hancockii W.R.Taylor H. pseudofloresia Collins & M.Howe (2)
Sebdeniaceae
Sebdenia flabellata (J.Agardh) P.G.Parkinson. (48)
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (7 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta [Halymenia agardhii (1, in part)]
Rhodymeniales Champiaceae
Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harv. C. salicornioides Harv. C. vieillardii Kütz. (49) Champiocolax sarae Bula-Meyer (34)
Faucheaceae
Gloiocladia atlantica (Searles) R.E.Norris (50)
Lomentariaceae
Gelidiopsis planicaulis (W.R.Taylor) W.R.Taylor (51) Lomentaria baileyana (Harv.) Farl. L. rawitscheri A.B.Joly (25)
Rhodymeniaceae
Asteromenia peltata (W.R.Taylor) Huisman & A.Millar (52) [Fauchea peltata (1)] Botryocladia occidentalis (Børgesen) Kylin B. pyriformis (Børgesen) Kylin B. shanksii E.Y.Dawson B. spinulifera W.R.Taylor & I.A.Abbott B. wynnei D.L.Ballant. (53) Chrysymenia agardhii Harv. [Cryptarachne agardhii (1)] C. enteromorpha Harv. C. halymenioides Harv. C. nodulosa J.N.Norris & D.L.Ballant. (54) C. planifrons (Melvill) J.Agardh [Cryptarachne planifrons (1)] Coelarthrum cliftonii (Harv.) Kylin (55) [C. albertisii (1)] Coelothrix irregularis (Harv.) Børgesen Rhodymenia divaricata E.Y.Dawson (37)
Ceramiales
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Acrothamnion butlerae (Collins) Kylin [Antithamnion butleriae (1)] Aglaothamnion boergesenii (Aponte & D.L.Ballant.) L'Hardy-Halos & Rueness ex Aponte, D.L.Ballant. & J.N.Norris (56) [Callithamnion byssoides (1)] A. cordatum (Børgesen) Feldm.-Maz. [Callithamnion cordatum (1)] A. flexibile Aponte & D.L.Ballant. (57) A. herveyi (M.Howe) Aponte, D.L.Ballant. & J.N.Norris (58) [Callithamnion herveyi (1)] Anotrichium tenue (C.Agardh) Nägeli [Griffithsia tenuis (1)] Antithamnion decipiens (J.Agardh) Athanas. (59) A. lherminieri (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Bornet ex Nasr (60) [A. antillarum (1)] Antithamnionella breviramosa (E.Y.Dawson) E.M.Woll. (61) Balliella pseudocorticata (E.Y.Dawson) D.N.Young (2) Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Mont. C. internitens Gallagher & Humm Ceramium bisporum D.L.Ballant. (62) C. cimbricum H.E. Petersen (63) [C. fastigiatum f. flaccida (1)] C. cruciatum Collins & Herv. C. deslongchampii Chauv. ex Duby (64) [C. strictum (1)] C. diaphanum (Lightf.) Roth (12) [C. tenuissimum (1)] C. flaccidum (Kütz.) Ardiss. [C. byssoideum (1)] C. jolyi (Díaz-Pif.) D.L.Ballant & M.J.Wynne (65) C. nitens (C.Agardh) J.Agardh C. subtile J.Agardh Corallophila verongiae (D.L.Ballant. & M.J.Wynne) R.E.Norris (66) Crouania attenuata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh C. pleonospora W.R.Taylor (2) Crouanophycus latiaxis (I.A.Abbott) Athanasiadis (25) Diplothamnion jolyi C.Hoek (2) Dohrniella antillarum (W.R.Taylor) Feldm.-Maz.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (9 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta Grallatoria reptans M.Howe (67) Griffithsia caribaea Feldm.-Maz. (2) G. globulifera Harv. ex Kütz. G. heteromorpha Kütz. (68) G. schousboei Mont. (68) Gymnothamnion elegans (Shousb. ex C.Agardh) J.Agardh Haloplegma duperreyi Mont. Monosporus indicus Børgesen (37) Pleonosporium caribaeum (Børgesen) R.E.Norris [Mesothamnion caribaeum (1)] Ptilothamnion speluncarum (Collins & Herv.) D.L.Ballant & M.J.Wynne (69) Seirospora occidentalis Børgesen S. viridis Aponte & D.L.Ballant. (57) Spermothamnion gymnocarpum M.Howe S. investiens (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Vickers S. macromeres Collins & Herv. Spyridia clavata Kütz. S. filamentosa (Wulfen) Harv. S. hypnoides (Bory) Papenf. [S. aculeata (1)] Tiffaniella gorgonea (Mont.) Doty & Meñez [Spermothamnion gorgoneum (1)] T. saccorhiza (Setch. & N.L.Gardner) Doty & Meñez Wrangelia argus (Mont.) Mont. W. bicuspidata Børgesen W. penicillata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh
Dasyaceae
Dasya antillarum (M.Howe) A.Millar (70) [Dasyopsis antillarum (1)] D. baillouviana (S.G.Gmelin) Mont. [D. pedicillata (1)] D. caraibica Børgesen D. corymbifera J.Agardh D. crouaniana J.Agardh D. magnei D.L. Ballant. (71) D. mollis Harv. D. puertoricensis I.López & D.L.Ballant. (72) D. rigidula (Kütz.) Ardiss. (73) D. spinuligera Collins & Herv.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (10 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta [Dasyopsis spinuligera (1)] Dictyurus occidentalis J.Agardh Heterosiphonia crispella (C.Agardh) M.J.Wynne [H. wurdemanni (1)] H. gibbesii (Harv.) Falkenb. H. hummii Aregood (37) Thuretia bornetii Vickers
Delesseriaceae
Apoglossum gregarium (E.Y.Dawson) M.J.Wynne (74) Branchioglossum prostratum C.W.Schneid. (75) Caloglossa leprieurii (Mont.) G.Martens Cottoniella filamentosa (M.Howe) Børgesen Frikkiella pseudoprostrata (D.L.Ballant. & M.J.Wynne) M.J.Wynne & C.W.Schneid. (76) F. searlesii M.J.Wynne & C.W.Schneid. (76) Hypoglossum anomalum M.J.Wynne & D.L.Ballant. (77) H. hypoglossoides (Stackh.) Collins & Herv. (77) H. rhizophorum D.L.Ballant. & M.J.Wynne (78) H. simulans M.J.Wynne, I.R.Price & D.L.Ballant. (79) H. subsimplex M.J.Wynne (25) H. tenuifolium (Harv.) J.Agardh Martensia fragilis Harv. (80) [M. pavonia (1)] Nitophyllum adhaerens M.J.Wynne (81) Platysiphonia caribaea D.L.Ballant. & M.J.Wynne (74) P. delicata (Clemente) Cremades (82) Taenioma nanum (Kütz.) Papenf. [T. macrourum (1)] T. perpusillum (J.Agardh) J.Agardh
Rhodomelaceae
Acanthophora muscoides (L.) Bory A. spicifera (Vahl) Børgesen Amansia multifida J.V.Lamour. Bostrychia moritziana (Sond. ex Kütz.) J.Agardh B. radicans (Mont.) Mont. [B. rivularis (1)] B. tenella (J.V.Lamour.) J.Agardh (83) Bryocladia cuspidata (J.Agardh) DeToni
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (11 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta B. thyrsigera (J.Agardh) F.Schmitz Bryothamnion seaforthii (Turner) Kütz. B. triquetrum (S.G.Gmelin) M.Howe Chondria atropurpurea Harv. C. capillaris (Huds.) M.J.Wynne (84) [C. tenuissima (1)] C. collinsiana M.Howe C. dasyphylla (Woodw.) C.Agardh C. floridana (Collins) M.Howe C. leptacremon (Melvill) De Toni C. littoralis Harv. C. polyrhiza Collins & Herv. C. sedifolia Harv. Chondrophycus corallopsis (Mont.) K.W.Nam (85) [Laurencia corallopsis (1) C. gemmifera (Harv.) Garbary & J.T.Harper (86) C. iridescens (M.J.Wynne & D.L.Ballant.) Garbary & J.T.Harper (87) C. papillosus (C.Agardh) Garbary & J.T.Harper (88) [Laurencia papillosa (1)] C. poiteaui (J.V.Lamour.) K.W.Nam (85) [Laurencia poitei (1)] Digenia simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh Dipterosiphonia dendritica (C.Agardh) F.Schmitz Enantiocladia duperreyi (C.Agardh) Falkenb. Halydictyon mirabile Zanardini (89) [Halodictyon mirabile (1)] Herposiphonia pecten-veneris (Harv.) Falkenb. (25) H. secunda (C.Agardh) Ambronn (90) Laurencia brongniartii J.Agardh (34) L. caraibica P.C.Silva (34) L. chondrioides Børgesen L. intricata J.V.Lamour. L. microcladia Kütz. L. obtusa (Huds.) J.V.Lamour. L. papillosa (C.Agardh) Grev. Lophocladia trichoclados (C.Agardh) F.Schmitz Lophosiphonia cristata Falkenb. Micropeuce mucronata (Harv.) Kylin ex E.C.Oliveira [Brongniartella mucronata (1)] Murrayella periclados (C. Agardh) F.Schmitz
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (12 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Rhodophyta Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa (Børgesen) M.S.Kim & I.K.Lee (91) [Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa (1)] Osmundaria obtusiloba (C.Agardh) R.E.Norris (92) [Vidalia obtusiloba (1)] Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J.N.Norris [P. macrocarpa (1)] P. denudata (Dillwyn) Grev. ex Harv. P. ferulacea Suhr ex J.Agardh P. havanensis Mont. P. howei Hollenb. P. scopulorum Harv. P. subtilissima Mont. P. tepida Hollenb. Wrightiella blodgettii (Harv.) F.Schmitz (25) W. tumanowiczi (Gatty ex Harv.) F.Schmitz (25)
Other Rhodophyta
Hymenoclonium serpens (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Batters (34)
Return to Checklist Introduction and Table of Contents Go to Bibliography
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/rhodophyta.html (13 of 13)9/14/2006 6:11:18 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Heterokontophyta
A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision II. Heterokontophyta
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte
Underlined names are links to images; underlined numbers are links to notes
Heterokontophyta Phaeophyceae Ectocarpales Ectocarpaceae
Acinetospora crinita (Carmich. ex Harv.) Kornmann [Acinetospora pusilla (1)] Asteronema breviarticulatum (J.Agardh) Ouriques & Bouzon (93) [Ectocarpus breviarticulatus (1)] Bachelotia antillarum (Grunow) Gerloff [B. fulvescens, Pylaiella antillarum (1)] Ectocarpus elachistaeformis Heydr. (94) E. rallsiae (Vickers) [Giffordia rallsiae (1)] E. variabilis Vickers Feldmannia indica (Sond.) Womersley & A.Bailey [Giffordia duchassaingiana (1)] F. irregularis (Kütz.) Hamel [Giffordia conifera (1)] Herponema tortuguense (W.R.Taylor) W.R.Taylor Hincksia mitchelliae (Harv.) P.C. Silva [Giffordia mitchellae (1)] Ralfsiaceae
Ralfsia expansa (J.Agardh) J.Agardh Sphacelariales Sphacelariaceae
Sphacelaria novae-hollandiae Sond. S. rigidula Kütz.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/hetero.html (1 of 4)9/14/2006 6:11:38 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Heterokontophyta
[S. furcigera (1)] S. tribuloides Menegh. Dictyotales Dictyotaceae
Dictyopteris delicatula J.V.Lamour. D. jamaicensis W.R.Taylor D. jolyana E.C.Oliveira & R.P.Furtado (34) D. justii J.V.Lamour. D. plagiogramma (Mont.) Vickers Dictyota bartayresiana J.V.Lamour. [Dictyota bartayresii (1)] D. cervicornis Kütz. D. ciliolata Sond. ex Kütz. D. guineensis (Kütz.) P. Crouan & H.Crouan (95) [Dilophus guineensis (1)] D. jamaicensis W.R.Taylor D. menstrualis (Hoyt) Schnetter, Hornig & Weber-Peukert (96) [Dictyota dichotoma (1)] D. mertensii (Mart.) Kütz. [D. dentata (1)] D. pinnatifida Kütz. (97) [Dilophus alternans (1)] D. pulchella Hörnig & Schnetter (98) [D. divaricata, D. indica (1)] D. volubilis Kütz. Lobophora variegata (J.V.Lamour.) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira [Pocockiella variegata (1)] Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft (99) [P. gymnospora (1)] P. gymnospora (Kutz.) Sonder (99) [P. vickersiae (1)] P. sanctae-crucis Børgesen Spatoglossum schroederi (C.Agardh) Kütz. Stypopodium zonale (J.V.Lamour.) Papenf. Mesogloiales Chordariaceae
Cladosiphon occidentalis Kylin Scytosiphonales
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/hetero.html (2 of 4)9/14/2006 6:11:38 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Heterokontophyta
Chnoosporaceae
Chnoospora minima (K.Hering) Papenf. Scytosiphonaceae
Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) Derbès & Solier Hydroclathrus clathratus (C.Agardh) M.Howe Rosenvingea intricata (J.Agardh) Børgesen R. sanctae-crucis Børgesen (73) Dictyosiphonales Myriotrichiaceae
Myriotrichia occidentalis Børgesen Punctariaceae
Hecatonema terminale (Kütz.) Sauv. (19) Striariaceae
Stictyosiphon lutarius W.R.Taylor (73) Sporochnales Sporochnaceae
Nereia tropica (W.R.Taylor) W.R.Taylor Sporochnus bolleanus Mont. S. pedunculatus (Huds.) C.Agardh Desmarestiales Desmarestiaceae
Desmarestia aculeata (L.) J.V.Lamour. (100) D. ligulata (Stackh.) J.V.Lamour. (100) Fucales Sargassaceae
Sargassum acinarium (L.) Setch. S. cymosum C.Agardh (101) [S. rigidulum Kütz. (1)] S. filipendula C.Agardh S. fluitans (Børgesen) Børgesen S. furcatum Kütz. (102) S. hystrix J.Agardh S. natans (L.) Gaillon S. platycarpum Mont.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/hetero.html (3 of 4)9/14/2006 6:11:38 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Heterokontophyta S. polyceratium Mont. S. pteropleuron Grunow (73) S. pusillum W.R.Taylor (103) S. ramifolium Kütz. S. vulgare C.Agardh (104) Turbinaria tricostata E.S.Barton T. turbinata (L.) Kuntze Chrysophyceae Sarcinochrysidales Chrysomeridaceae
Chrysonephos lewisii (W.R.Taylor) W.R.Taylor (73) Xanthophyceae Vaucheriales Vaucheriaceae
Vaucheria submarina (Lyngb.) Berk. (12) [V. dichotoma (1)]
Return to Checklist Introduction and Table of Contents Go to Bibliography
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/hetero.html (4 of 4)9/14/2006 6:11:38 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta
A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision III. Chlorophyta
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte
Underlined names are links to images; underlined numbers are links to notes
Chlorophyta Chlorophyceae Tetrasporales Palmellopsidaceae
Pseudotetraspora marina Wille (73) [P. antillarum (1)] Verdigellas fimbriata D.L.Ballant. & J.N.Norris (105) V. peltata D.L.Ballant. & J.N.Norris (105)
Ctenocladales Ulvellaceae
Entocladia viridis Reinke Pringsheimiella scutata (Reinke) Höhn ex Marchew. (34) Ulvella lens P.Crouan & H.Crouan
Phaeophilales Phaeophilaceae
Phaeophila dendroides (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Batters
Ulvales Gomontiaceae
Gomontia polyrhiza (Lagerh.) Bornet & Flahault
Ulvaceae
Enteromorpha chaetomorphoides Børgesen
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (1 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta E. clathrata (Roth) Grev. E. compressa (L.) Nees (19) E. flexuosa (Wulfen) J.Agardh (106) E. intestinalis (L.) Nees E. lingulata J.Agardh Ulva fasciata Delile U. lactuca L. U. rigida C.Agardh (34) [U. lactuca v. rigida (1)]
Cladophorales Anadyomenaceae
Anadyomene lacerata D.Littler & Littler (107) A. saldanhae A.B.Joly & E.C.Oliveira (107) A. stellata (Wulfen) C.Agardh Microdictyon boergesenii Setch.
Boodleaceae
Boodlea composita (Harv.) F.Brand B. struveoides M.Howe (2) Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harv.) Kraft & M.J.Wynne (108) [Struvea anastomosans (1)] P. pulcherrimum J.E.Gray (109) [Struvea ramosa (1)] Struvea elegans Børgesen
Cladophoraceae
Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kütz. C. antennina (Bory) Kütz. [C. media (1)] C. brachygona Harv. C. clavata Kütz. C. crassa (C.Agardh) Kütz. (2) C. linum (O.F.Müll.) Kütz. Cladophora catenata (L.) Kütz. [C. fuliginosa (1)] C. coelothrix Kütz. [C. repens (1)] C. conferta P.Crouan & H.Crouan (110)
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (2 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta [C. uncinata (1)] C. dalmatica Kütz. (110) C. laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kütz. (110) [C. utriculosa (1)] C. montagneana Kütz. [C. delicatula (1)] C. prolifera (Roth) Kütz. C. socialis Kütz. (111) C. submarina P.Crouan & H.Crouan [C. luteola (1)] C. vagabunda (L.) C.Hoek [C. fascicularis (1)] Rhizoclonium africanum Kütz. [R. hookeri (1)] R. riparium (Roth) Kütz ex Harv. var. implexum (Dillwyn) Rosenv. [R. kerneri (1)]
Siphonocladaceae
Chamaedoris peniculum (Sol.) Endl. Cladophoropsis macromeres W.R.Taylor C. membranacea (C. Agardh) Børgesen Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forssk.) Børgesen D. ocellata (M.Howe) J.L.Olsen (112) [Valonia ocellata (1)] D. versluysii Weber van Bosse [D. vanbosseae (1)] Siphonocladus tropicus (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) J.Agardh Ventricaria ventricosa (J.Agardh) J.L.Olsen & J.A.West (113) [Valonia ventricosa (1)]
Valoniaceae
Ernodesmis verticillata (Kütz.) Børgesen Valonia aegagropila C.Agardh V. macrophysa Kütz. V. utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh
Bryopsidales Bryopsidaceae
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (3 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta Bryopsis hypnoides J.V.Lamour. B. pennata J.V.Lamour. B. plumosa (Huds.) C.Agardh Derbesia vaucheriaeformis (Harv.) J.Agardh Pseudobryopsis blomquistii Díaz-Pif. (114) Trichosolen duchassaingii (J.Agardh) W.R.Taylor (115) [Bryopsis duchassaingii (1)] T. longipedicellata (H.L.Blomq. & Díaz-Pif.) D.M.John (116)
Caulerpaceae
Caulerpa ashmeadii Harv. C. cupressoides (H.West) C.Agardh C. fastigiata Mont. C. lanuginosa J.Agardh C. mexicana Sonder ex Kütz. C. microphysa (Weber van Bosse) Feldmann C. prolifera (Forssk.) J.V.Lamour. C. pusilla (Kütz.) J.Agardh C. racemosa (Forssk.) J.Agardh (117) C. serrulata (Forssk.) J.Agardh C. sertularioides (S.G.Gmel.) M.Howe C. taxifolia (H. West) C.Agardh C. verticillata J.Agardh C. webbiana Mont. Caulerpella ambigua (Okamura) Prud'homme & Lokhorst (118) [Caulerpa vickersiae (1)]
Chaetosiphonaceae
Blastophysa rhizopus Reinke (2)
Codiaceae
Codium decorticatum (Woodw.) M.Howe C. intertextum Collins & Herv. C. isthmocladum Vickers C. repens P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Vickers C. taylorii P.C.Silva
Ostreobiaceae
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (4 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta Ostreobium constrictum Lukas (34) O. quekettii Bornet & Flahault
Udoteaceae
Avrainvillea asarifolia Børgesen A. digitata D.Littler & Littler (119) A. elliotii A.Gepp & E.Gepp A. fenicalii D.Littler, Littler & M.Hay f. flabellifolia D.Littler & Littler & M.Hay (119) A. fulva (M.Howe) D.Littler & Littler (119) [A. nigricans f. fulva (1)] A. levis M.Howe A. longicaulis (Kütz.) G.Murray & Boodle A. nigricans Decne. A. rawsonii (Dickie) M.Howe A. silvana D.Littler & Littler (119) Boodleopsis pusilla (Collins) W.R.Taylor, A.B.Joly & Bernat. Cladocephalus luteofuscus (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Børgesen Halimeda copiosa Goreau & E.A.Graham (120) H. cryptica Colinvaux & E.A.Graham (120) H. discoidea Decne. H. goreauii W.R.Taylor [H. opuntia f. minor (1)] H. gracilis Harv. ex J.Agardh H. hummii D.L.Ballant. (120) H. incrassata (J.Ellis) J.V.Lamour. H. monile (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. H. opuntia (L.) J.V.Lamour. H. simulans M.Howe H. tuna (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. Penicillus capitatus Lam. P. dumetosus (J.V.Lamour.) Blainv. P. lamourouxii Decne. P. pyriformis A.Gepp & E.Gepp Rhipidosiphon floridensis D.Littler & Littler (121) Rhipilia tomentosa Kütz. Rhipiliopsis profunda (Eiseman & S.A.Earle ) J.N.Norris & Blair (37) R. stri (S.A.Earle & J.R.Young) Farghaly & Denizot (122) Rhipocephalus phoenix (J.Ellis & Sol.) Kütz. Udotea abbottiorum D.Littler & Littler (123) U. conglutinata (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (5 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Chlorophyta
U. cyathiformis Decne. (124) U. dixonii D.Littler & Littler (123) U. dotyi D.Littler & Littler (123) U. flabellum (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamour. U. goreaui D.Littler & Littler (123) U. occidentalis A.Gepp & E.Gepp U. spinulosa M.Howe U. wilsonii A.Gepp, E.Gepp & M.Howe
Dasycladales Dasycladaceae Batophora oerstedii J.Agardh Cymopolia barbata (L.) J.V.Lamour. Dasycladus vermicularis (Scop.) Krasser Neomeris annulata Dickie
Polyphysaceae
Acetabularia calyculus J.V.Lamour. A. crenulata J.V.Lamour. A. polyphysoides P.Crouan & H.Crouan (125) A. pusilla (M.Howe) Collins (126) Acicularia shenckii (K.Möbius) Solms Return to Checklist Introduction and Table of Contents Go to Bibliography
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/chloro.html (6 of 6)9/14/2006 6:11:48 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature
A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte
REFERENCES
Abbott, I.A. 1990. A taxonomic assessment of the species of Liagora (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) recognized by J. Agardh, based upon studies of type specimens. Cryptogamic Botany 1: 308–322. Allender, B.M. and Kraft, G.T. 1983. The marine algae of Lord Howe Island (New South Wales): the Dictyotales and Cutleriales (Phaeophyta). Brunonia 6: 73–130. Almodóvar, L.R. and Ballantine, D.L. 1983. Checklist of benthic marine macroalgae plus additional species records from Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 19: 7–20. Almodóvar, L.R. and Blomquist, H.L. 1959. The benthic algae of Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 22: 163–168 Almodóvar, L.R. and Blomquist, H.L. 1961. Notes on marine algae of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 24: 81–93. Amsler, C.D. 1991. Ectocarpaceae. In: C.W. Schneider and Searles, R.B. Seaweeds of the Southeastern United States. Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral. Duke University Press. Durham, N.C. pp. 111–128. Aponte, N.E. and Ballantine, D.L. 1990. The life history in culture of Callithamnion boergesenii sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae) from the Caribbean. Phycologia 29: 191–199. Aponte, N.E. and Ballantine, D.L. 1995. Aglaothamnion flexibile sp. nov. and Seirospora viridis sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico. Phycologia 34: 102–112. Aponte, N.E., Ballantine, D.L., and Norris, J.N. 1994. Culture studies on the morphology and life history of Aglaothamnion herveyi (Howe) comb. nov., with notes on A. felipponei (Howe) comb. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 33: 231–238. Aponte, N.E., Ballantine, D.L., and Norris, J.N. 1997. Aglaothamnion halliae (Collins) comb. nov. and A. collinsii sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta): a resolution of nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. Journal of Phycology 33: 81–87. Athanasiadis, A. 1996. Morphology and classification of the Ceramioideae (Rhodophyta) based on phylogenetic
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (1 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature principles. Opera Botanica 128: 1–216. Bailey, J.C. 1999. Phylogenetic positions of Lithophyllum incrustans and Titanoderma pustulatum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on 18S rDNA gene sequence analyses, with a revised classification of the Lithophylloideae. Phycologia 38: 208–216. Ballantine, D.L. 1982. Halimeda hummii sp. nov., Halimeda cryptica v. acerifolia var. nov. (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta), and additional records of Halimeda species from Puerto Rico. Journal of Phycology 18: 86–91. Ballantine, D.L. 1985. Botryocladia wynnei sp. nov. (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) plus an additional species record of the genus in Puerto Rico. Phycologia 24: 199–204. Ballantine, D.L. 1990. Ceramium bisporum sp. nov. (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales), an unusual new species from deep- water habitats in the Caribbean. Phycologia 29: 146–149. Ballantine, D.L. 2000. Dasya magnei sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Caribbean Sea. Cryptogamie: Algologie 21: 149–155. Ballantine, D.L. and Aponte, N.E. 1997a. A revised checklist of the benthic marine algae known to Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 33: 150–179. Ballantine, D.L. and Aponte, N.E. 1997b. Notes on the benthic marine algae of Puerto Rico VI. Additions to the flora. Botanica Marina 40: 39–44. Ballantine, D.L. and Aponte, N.E. 2002. Ganonema farinosa and Ganonema dendroidea comb. nov. (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea. Cryptogamie: Algologie (In press) Ballantine, D.L., Bowden-Kerby, A., and Aponte, N.E. 2000. Cruoriella (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta) rhodoliths from shallow-water back reef environments in La Parguera, Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea). Coral Reefs 19: 75–81. Ballantine, D.L. and Norris, J.N. 1989. Notes on the marine algae of Puerto Rico. V. New species additions. Caribbean Journal of Science 25: 1–8. Ballantine, D.L. and Norris, J.N. 1994. Verdigellas, a new palmelloid genus (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyta) from the tropical west Atlantic. Cryptogamic Botany 4: 368–372. Ballantine, D.L., Ruiz, H., and Aponte, N.E. 2002. Predaea goffiana sp. nov. (Nemastomataceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea. Botanica Marina 45: 385–389. Ballantine, D.L., Ruiz, H., and Wynne, M.J. 2002. Notes on the benthic marine algae of Puerto Rico VII. Further additions of Rhodophyta species. Caribbean Journal of Science (In press) Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1985. Platysiphonia and Apoglossum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (2 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature Phycologia 24: 459–465. Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1986a. Notes on the marine algal flora of Puerto Rico. I. Additions to the flora. Botanica Marina 29: 131–135. Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1986b. Notes on the marine algae of Puerto Rico II. Additions of Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) including Ceramium verongiae sp. nov. Botanica Marina 29: 497–502. Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1987. Notes on the marine algae of Puerto Rico. III. Branchioglossum pseudoprostratum sp. nov. and B. prostratum Schneider (Rhodophyta: Delesseriaceae). Bulletin of Marine Science 40: 240–245. Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1988. The life history and development of Hypoglossum rhizophorum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in culture, a new deep-water species from the Caribbean. Journal of Phycology 24: 8–12. Ballantine, D.L. and Wynne, M.J. 1998. Ptilothamnion speluncarum (Collins & Herv.) comb. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico. Cryptogamie: Algologie 19: 223–229. Bird, C.J. and Oliveira F., E.C de 1986. Gracilaria tenuifrons sp. nov. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta), a new species from the tropical western Atlantic with superficial spermatangia. Phycologia 25: 313–320. Bird, C.J., Oliveira F., E.C de, and McLachlan, J. 1986. Gracilaria cornea, the correct name for the western Atlantic alga hitherto known as G. debilis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). Canadian Journal of Botany 64: 2045–2051. Blomquist, H.L. and Almodóvar, L.R. 1961. The occurrence of Gelidiella tenuissima Feldm. et Hamel in Puerto Rico. Nova Hedwigia 3: 67–78. Blomquist, H.L. and Díaz-Piferrer, M. 1961. A new species of Pseudobryopsis from Puerto Rico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 11: 389–393. Brummitt, R.K. and Powell, C.E. (eds.). 1992. Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 732 pp. Bula-Meyer, G. 1982. Adiciones a las Cloroficeas marinas del Caribe Colombiano, I. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta Betín 12: 117–136. Cecere, E., Cormaci, M., Furnari, G., Petrocelli, A., Saracino, O., and Serio, D. 1996. Benthic algal flora of Cheradi Islands (Gulf of Taranto, Mediterranean Sea). Nova Hedwigia 62: 191–214. Cremades, J. and Pérez-Cirera, J.L. 1990. Nuevas combinaciones de algas bentónicas marinas, como resultado del estudio del herbario de Simón Clemente y Rubio (1777–1827). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 47: 489–492. Díaz-Piferrer, M. 1968. Ceramiella jolyi, a new species of Rhodophyta from Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 8: 199–205. Díaz-Piferrer, M. 1969.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (3 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature Distribution of the marine benthic flora of the Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science 9: 151–178. Fletcher, R.L. 1987. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Vol 3, Fucophyceae (Phaeophyceae) Part 1. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). London, 359 pp. Foslie, M. 1929. Contributions to a monograph of the Lithothamnia. After the author's death collected and edited by Henrik Printz. Trondhjem [Trondheim]. 60 pp., LXXV pls. Foslie, M. and Howe, M.A. 1906. Two new coralline algae from Culebra, Porto Rico. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 33: 577–580. Fredericq, S. and Hommersand, M.H. 1989a. Proposal of the Gracilariales ord. nov. (Rhodophyta) based on an analysis of the reproductive development of Gracilaria verrucosa. Journal of Phycology 25: 213–227. Fredericq, S. and Hommersand, M.H. 1989b. Comparative morphology and taxonomic status of Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 25: 213–227. Fredericq, S. and Norris, J.N. 1992. Studies in cylindrical species of western Atlantic Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): G. cylindrica Børgesen and G. blodgettii Harvey. In I.A. Abbott (ed.), Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with Reference to some Pacific and western Atlantic species. Vol. III. California Sea Grant College, University of California, La Jolla, California. Pp. 211–231. Fujii, M.T., Collado-Vides, L., and Cordeiro-Marino, M. 1996. Morphological studies of Laurencia gemmifera and Laurencia poiteaui (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Nichupté Lagoon System, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Botanica Marina 39: 317–326. Ganesan, E.K. 1989. A Catalog of Benthic Marine Algae and Seagrasses of Venezuela. Fondo Editorial CONICIT. Caracas, Venezuela. 236 pp. Garbary, D.J. and Harper, J.T. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of the Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae) of the red algae. Cryptogamie: Algologie 19: 185–200. Guimarães, S.M.P.B. and Fujii, M.T. 1998. Two species of foliose Halymenia (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Brazil. Botanica Marina 41: 495–504. Guimarães, S.M.P.B. and Fujii, M.T. 1999. Morphological studies of five species of Peyssonnelia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from southeastern Brazil. Phycologia 38: 167–183. Guimarães, S.M.P.B. and Oliveira, E.C. 1996. Taxonomy of the flattened Solieriaceae (Rhodophyta) in Brazil: Agardhiella and Meristiella. Journal of Phycology 32: 656–655. Guiry, M.D. and Freamhainn, M.T. 1985. Biosystematics of Gracilaria foliifera (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Nordic Journal of Botany 5:
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (4 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature 629–637. Hauck, F. 1888. Meeresalgen von Puerto-Rico. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 9: 457–470. Henne, K.-D. and Schnetter, R. 1999. Revision of the Pseudobryopsis/Trichosolen complex (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) based on features of gametangial behavior and chloroplasts. Phycologia 38: 114–127. Hinds, P. and Ballantine, D.L. 1987. Effects of the Caribbean threespot damselfish Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier), on algal lawn composition. Aquatic Botany 27: 299–308. Hoek, C. van den 1982. A Taxonomic Revision of the American Species of Cladophora (Chlorophyceae) in the North Atlantic Ocean and their geographic distribution. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. 236 pp. Hörnig, I. and Schnetter, R. 1988. Notes on Dictyota dichotoma, D. menstrualis, D. indica and D. pulchella spec. nova (Phaeophyta). Phyton 28: 277–291. Hörnig, I., Prud'homme van Reine, W.F., and Schnetter, R. 1992. The genus Dictyota (Phaeophyceae) in the North Atlantic. I. A new generic concept and new species. Nova Hedwigia 54: 45–62. Hörnig, I., Prud'homme van Reine, W.F., and Schnetter, R. 1993. Additional note to "The genus Dictyota (Phaeophyceae) in the North Atlantic. I. A new generic concept and new species." Correction and validation of new combinations in the genus Dictyota. Nova Hedwigia 56: 169–171. Howe, M.A. 1903. Report on a trip to Porto Rico. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 9: 457–470. Howe, M.A. 1907. Phycological Studies - III. Further notes on Halimeda and Avrainvillea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 34: 491–516. Howe, M.A. 1915. Report on a visit to Porto Rico for collecting marine algae. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 16: 219–225. Howe, M.A. 1921. Some plants from tropical sea gardens. Contributions of the New York Botanical Garden 226. Reprinted from Natural History 20: 560–568. 1920. Huisman, J.M. 1996. The red algal genus Coelarthrum Børgesen (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales) in Australian seas, including the description of Chamaebotrys gen. nov. Phycologia 35: 95–112. Huisman, J., Ballantine, D.L., and Wynne, M.J. 2001. Liagorothamnion mucoides gen. et sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Caribbean Sea. Phycologia 39: 507–516. Huisman, J.M. and Borowitzka, M.A. 1990.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (5 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature A revision of the Australian species of Galaxaura (Rhodophyta, Galaxauraceae), with a description of Tricleocarpa. Phycologia 29: 150–172. Huisman, J.M. and Millar, A.J.K. 1996. Asteromenia (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales), a new red algal genus based on Fauchea peltata. Journal of Phycology 32: 138–145. Huisman, J.M. and Townsend, R.A. 1993. An examination of Linnaean and pre-Linnaean taxa referable to Galaxaura and Tricleocarpa (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society [London] 113: 95–101. John, D.M. 1977. A new West African species of Trichosolen (Chlorophyceae). Phycologia 16: 407–410. Kim, M.S. and Lee, I.K. 1999. Neosiphonia flavimarina gen. et sp. nov. with a taxonomic reassessment of the genus Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycological Research 47: 271–281. Kraft, G.T. and Wynne, M.J. 1996. Delineation of the genera Struvea Sonder and Phyllodictyon J.E. Gray (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta). Phycological Research 44: 129–142. Lawson, G.W. and John, D.M. 1982. The marine algae and coastal environment of tropical West Africa. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 93. 455 pp. Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. 1990a. Reestablishment of the green algal genus Rhipidosiphon Montagne (Udoteaceae, Bryopsidales) with a description of Rhipidosiphon floridensis sp. nov. British Phycological Journal 25: 33–38. Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. 1990b. Systematics of Udotea species (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic. Phycologia 29: 206–252. Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. 1991. Systematics of Anadyomene species (Anadyomenaceae, Chlorophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic. Journal of Phycology 27: 101–118. Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. 1992. Systematics of Avrainvillea (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic. Phycologia 31: 375–418. Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. 1997. An illustrated marine flora of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 9: 1–149. López-Piñero, I.Y. and Ballantine, D.L. 2001. Dasya puertoricensis sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea. Botanica Marina 44: 337–344. Millar, A.J.K. 1990. Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales. Australian Systematic Botany 3: 293–593. Millar, A.J.K. 1996. Dasya roslyniae sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta), with a discussion on generic distinctions among Dasya, Eupogodon, Rhodoptilum, and Pogonophorella. Journal of Phycology 32:
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (6 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature 145–157. Nam, K.W. 1999. Morphology of Chondrophycus undulata and C. parvipapillata and its implications for the taxonomy of the Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) complex. European Journal of Phycology 34: 455–468. Norris, J.N. and Ballantine, D.L. 1995. Two new species of the red alga Chrysymenia J. Agardh (Rhodymeniales, Rhodymeniaceae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108: 153–165. Norris, R.E. 1991. The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society [London] 106: 1–40. Norris, R.E. 1993. Taxonomic studies on Ceramieae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) with predominantly basipetal growth of corticating filaments. Botanica Marina 36: 389–398 Olsen, J.L. and West, J.A. 1988. Ventricaria (Siphonocladales-Cladophorales complex, Chlorophyta), a new genus for Valonia ventricosa. Phycologia 27: 103–108. Olsen-Stojkovich, J. 1985. Some phylogenetic relationships in the Cladophorales complex using immunological data: the status of Valonia ocellata. Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 27 May--1 June 1985 5: 59–63. Ouriques, L.C. and Bouzon, A.L. 2000. Stellate chloroplast organization in Asteronema breviarticulatum comb. nov. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyta). Phycologia 39: 267–271. Penrose, D. 1996. Genus Hydrolithon (Foslie) Foslie 1909: 55. In: Womersley, H.B.S., The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia, Rhodophyta. Part IIIB: Gracilariales, Rhodymeniales, Corallinales and Bonnemaisoniales. Pp. 255–266. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series No. 5, Australian Biological Resources Study. Canberra, 392 pp. Penrose, D. and Woelkerling, W.J. 1991. Pneophyllum fragile in southern Australia: implications for generic concepts in the Mastophoroideae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 30: 495–506. Plastino, E.M. and Oliveira, E.C. 1997. Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) - restoring an old name for a common western Atlantic alga. Phycologia 36: 225–232. Price, I.R. and Kraft, G.T. 1991. Reproductive development and classification of the red algal genus Ceratodictyon (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 30: 106–116. Prud'homme van Reine, W.F. and Lokhorst, G.M. 1992. Caulerpella gen. nov., a non-holocarpic member of the Caulerpales (Chlorophyta). Nova Hedwigia 54: 113–126. Santelices, B. and Hommersand, M. 1997.
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (7 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature Pterocladiella, a new genus in the Gelidiaceae (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 36: 114–119. Saunders, G.W. and Kraft, G.T. 1996. Small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from representatives of selected families of the Gigartinales and Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). 2. Recognition of the Halymeniales ord. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany 74: 694–707. Saunders, G.W., Strachan, I.M., and Kraft, G.T. 1999. The families of the order Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta): A molecular-systematic investigation with a description of Faucheaceae fam. nov. Phycologia 38: 23–40 Schneider, C.W. 1983. The red algal genus Audouinella Bory (Nemaliales: Acrochaetiaceae) from North Carolina. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Science 22: 1–25. Schneider, C.W. and Reading, R.P. 1987. A revision of the genus Peyssonnelia (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) from North Carolina, including P. atlantica new species. Bulletin of Marine Science 40: 175–192. Schneider, C.W. and Searles, R.B. 1997. Notes on the marine algae of Bermudas 1. New records of Antithamnieae and Dohrnielleae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta), including Antithamnionella bermudica sp. nov. Phycologia 36: 12–23. Schneider, C.W. and Wynne, M.J. 1991. Lectotypification of Sebdenia flabellata (J. Agardh) Parkinson (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Taxon 40: 471–474. Schnetter, R., Hörnig, I., and Weber-Peukert, G. 1987. Taxonomy of some north Atlantic Dictyota species (Phaeophyta). Hydrobiologia 151/152: 193–197. Schnetter, R. and Richter, V. 1979. Systematische Stellung und Vorkommen einer Corallinoideae (Corallinaceae, Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyceae) aus der Karibischen See: Corallina panizzoi nom. nov. et stat. nov. Bericht der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 92: 455–466. Searles, R.B. and Ballantine, D.L. 1986. Dudresnaya puertoricensis sp. nov. (Dumontiaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 22: 389–394. Silva, P.C. 2002. Comments on the commentary by Kraft & Saunders [Phycologia 39: 258–261 (2000)]. Phycologia 41: 99–100. Silva, P.C., Basson P.W., and Moe, R.L. 1996. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany 79. xiv + 1259 pp. Steneck, R.S. and Adey, W.H. 1976. The role of environment in control of morphology in Lithophyllum congestum, a Caribbean algal ridge builder. Botanica Marina 19: 197–215. Taylor, W.R. 1960. Marine Algae of the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of the Americas. University
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/lit.html (8 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:00 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Literature Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 870 pp. Taylor, W.R. 1962. A note on Bryopsis in the West Indies. Phycologia 2: 24–28 Taylor, W.R. 1975. A pelagic Sargassum from the western Atlantic. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 11: 73–75. Vélez-Villamil, S.M., Vega Pagán, R., and García Ríos, C. 2000. Primer informe de Trichogloeopsis pedicellata (M. Howe) I.A.Abbott y Doty (Nemaliales: Rhodophyta) para Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 36: 151–153. Woelkerling, W.J. 1987. The status and disposition of Paragoniolithon (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 26: 144–148. Wynne, M.J. 1986. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Botany 64: 2239–2281. Wynne, M.J. 1989. The re-instatement of Hydropuntia Montagne (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Taxon 38: 476–479. Wynne, M.J. 1991. A change in the name of the type of Chondria C. Agardh (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Taxon 40: 316–318. Wynne, M.J. 1997. Nitophyllum adhaerens sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Caribbean and Bermuda. Cryptogamie: Algologie 18: 211–221. Wynne, M.J. 1998. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: first revision. Nova Hedwigia 116. 155 pp. Wynne, M.J. and Ballantine, D.L. 1985. Notes on the algae of Puerto Rico. IV. The taxonomic placement of Grallatoria (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie: Algologie 6: 219–229. Wynne, M.J. and Ballantine, D.L. 1986. The genus Hypoglossum Kützing (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic, including H. anomalum sp. nov. Journal of Phycology 22: 185–193. Wynne, M.J. and Ballantine, D.L. 1991. Laurencia iridescens, sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from the Caribbean Sea. Phycologia 30: 394–401. Wynne, M.J., Price, I.R., and Ballantine, D.L. 1989. Distinctions between Hypoglossum barbatum Okamura, H. minimum Yamada and H. simulans sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 28: 28–38. Wynne, M.J. and Schneider, C.W. 1996. Frikkiella gen. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Bermuda and the Caribbean Sea. Systematic Botany 21: 77–84.
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A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae Known to Puerto Rico, Second Revision
David L. Ballantine and Nilda E. Aponte Notes
Underlined references are links to the bibliography
(1) As reported in Taylor (1960).
(2) See Ballantine and Wynne (1986a).
(3) See Ballantine and Aponte (1997b).
(4) Includes Galaxaura flagelliformis Kjellm., G. lapidescens (J.Ellis & Sol.) J.V.Lamouroux and G. squalida Kjellm. all previously reported from Puerto Rico. See Huisman and Borowitzka (1990).
(5) Huisman and Borowitzka (1990) regarded G. subverticillata and G. rugosa as being conspecific; however, Littler and Littler (1997) argued that they were separate species.
(6) See Huisman and Borowitzka (1990).
(7) See Huisman and Townsend (1993).
(8) Abbott (1990) placed Liagora mucosa M.Howe in synonymy with L. dendroideum. Ballantine and Aponte (In press) transferred the species to Ganonema.
(9) See Abbott (1990).
(10) Abbott (1960) treated the species as being conspecific with L. fragilis Zanardini. Silva et al. (1996), however, argued that the species ascribed to Zanardini belonged to a different genus.
(11) See Velez-Villamil et al. (2000).
(12) See Silva et al. (1996).
(13) See Santelices and Hommersand (1997).
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(14) As Gelidium tenuissima in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983).
(15) See Fredericq and Hommersand (1989a).
(16) Fredericq and Norris (1992) showed that this is the older valid name and that it is taxonomically the same as Gracilaria cylindrica Børgesen. Gracilaria cylindrica was previously reported from Puerto Rico.
(17) See Plastino and Oliveira (1997).
(18) Includes G. ferox J.Agardh previously reported from Puerto Rico.
(19) This record dates to Hauck (1888). As the species has not been reported since (with corresponding specimens deposited in MSM), this is considered a doubtful record.
(20) Guiry and Freamhainn (1985) suggested that North American and Caribbean taxa which had been called Gracilaria foliifera (Forssk.) Børgesen were referable to G. tikvahiae. However, Ganesan (1989) referred Caribbean algae previously called G. foliifera to G. lacinulata.
(21) Bird and Oliveira (1986) concluded that Gracilaria sjoestedtii Kylin sensu Taylor (1960) was a new species. This species was subsequently placed in Gracilariopsis by Fredericq and Hommersand (1989b).
(22) See Bird et al. (1986) and Wynne (1989).
(23) See Wynne (1989).
(24) Includes Falkenbergia hillebrandii (Bornet) Falkenb., which is recognized as being the tetrasporic life history phase of Asparagopsis taxiformis.
(25) See Ballantine, Ruiz and Wynne (2002).
(26) Schnetter and Richter (1979) argued that Caribbean plants referred to Corallina officinalis L. belonged to their newly erected species, C. pannizoi.
(27) Reported as occurring in Puerto Rico in Taylor (1960), but collection sites are unknown.
(28) See Penrose (1996).
(29) Cribb (1983) referred Jania capillacea to J. adhaerens; however, Silva et al. (1996) maintained them as separate species.
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(30) See Steneck and Adey (1976).
(31) Woelkerling (1987) suggested that Paragoniolithon solubile (Foslie & M.Howe) W.H.Adey, R.A. Towns. & Boykins (= Goniolithon solubile Foslie & M.Howe) was conspecific with Neogoniolithon fosliei.
(32) See Penrose and Woelkerling (1991).
(33) See Bailey (1999).
(34) See Ballantine and Norris (1989).
(35) See Searles and Ballantine (1986).
(36) Silva et al. (1996) treated Hypnea cervicornis J.Agardh, previously reported from Puerto Rico, as a variety of H. musciformis.
(37) See Ballantine and Aponte (1997b).
(38) See Ballantine, Ruiz and Aponte (2002).
(39) See Ballantine et al. (2000). Guimarães and Fujii (1999) treated this species as Peyssonnelia.
(40) Schneider and Reading (1987) concluded that plants referred to Peyssonnelia rubra from the Southeast U.S. and the Bahamas were P. inamoena Pilg. They recommended that Caribbean material be critically compared to P. inamoena as well.
(41) Meristiella echinocarpum and M. schrammii were reduced to synonymy with M. gelidium by Guimarães and Oliveira (1996). Littler and Littler (1997) however, treated them as separate species. Meristiella gelidium also includes Eucheuma acanthocladum (Harv.) J.Agardh previously reported from Puerto Rico.
(42) Treated by Silva et al. (1996) as a genus of uncertain taxonomic placement.
(43) The order as presently circumscribed was erected by Saunders and Kraft (1996) as the Halymeniales. Silva (2002), however, recommended that principles of priority should be followed and as the ordinal circumscription contains Cryptonemia, Cryptonemiales is the appropriate ordinal name.
(44) See Lawson and John (1987).
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(45) See Wynne (1998) for discussion of maintenance of Grateloupia cuneifolia and G. gibbesii as separate species.
(46) Schneider and Wynne (1991) assigned the taxa to Halymenia trigona (Clemente) C.Agardh; however, Cremades and Perez-Cirera (1996) placed H. trigona in synonymy with H. elongata.
(47) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Aponte (1997b) as Halymenia bermudensis Collins & M.Howe, the species was considered by Guimarães and Fujii (1998) to be conspecific with Halymenia floridana.
(48) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Norris (1989) as Sebdenia polydactyla (Børgesen) M. S.Balakr.; see Schneider and Wynne (1991).
(49) As Champia compressa in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983).
(50) As Gloioderma atlanticum in Ballantine and Norris (1989), Saunders et al. (1999), transferred the genus to their newly erected family, Faucheaceae.
(51) The genus was treated as a member of the Gelidiales by Taylor (1960). The species was considered by R. Norris (1987) as Ceratodictyon variable (Grev. ex J.Agardh) R.Norris; however, Price and Kraft (1991) argued that Ceratodictyon and Gelidiopsis should be maintained as separate genera. Saunders et al. (1999) transferred the genus to the Lomentariaceae.
(52) This species, described as Fauchea peltata Taylor, was transferred to Weberella, then to Halichrysis, and finally to Asteromenia by Huisman and Millar (1996). Ballantine and Wynne (1986a) reported the species from Puerto Rico as Halichrysis peltata.
(53) See Ballantine (1985).
(54) As Chrysymenia ventricosa in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983); see Norris and Ballantine (1995).
(55) See Huisman (1996).
(56) See Aponte and Ballantine (1990); Aponte et al. (1997).
(57) See Aponte and Ballantine (1995).
(58) See Aponte et al. (1994).
(59) Previously reported from Puerto Rico as Antithamnion ogdeniae Abbott. Athanasiadis (1996)
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(60) There are differences of opinion as to whether this species should be referred to A. lherminieri (see Silva et al. 1996; Schneider and Searles 1997) or A. antillanum Børgesen (see Athanasiadis 1996).
(61) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Wynne (1986), Antithamnionella breviramosa is listed as a synonym of A. elegans (Berthold) J.H.Price & D.M.John by Silva et al. (1996); however, Athanasiadis (1996) maintained it as a distinct species.
(62) See Ballantine (1990).
(63) See Furnari and Serio in Cecere et al. (1996).
(64) Reported from Puerto Rico as Ceramium strictum Harv.; see Silva et al. (1966).
(65) Described as Ceramiella jolyi Díaz-Pif. (1968); see Ballantine and Wynne (1986b).
(66) Described by Ballantine and Wynne (1986b) as Ceramium verongiae. The species was transferred to Corallophila by R. Norris (1993).
(67) See Wynne and Ballantine (1985).
(68) See Ballantine and Wynne (1986b).
(69) See Ballantine and Wynne (1998).
(70) See Ballantine and Aponte (1997b); Millar (1996).
(71) See Ballantine (2000).
(72) See Lopez-Piñero and Ballantine (2001).
(73) Not previously reported from Puerto Rico; however specimens are present in MSM.
(74) See Ballantine and Wynne (1985).
(75) See Ballantine and Wynne (1987).
(76) Originally reported from Puerto Rico as Branchioglossum pseudoprostratum by Ballantine and Wynne (1987). Wynne and Schneider (1996) determined that the taxon belonged in its own genus and
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/notes.html (5 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:08 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Notes that the specimens originally placed in B. pseudoprostratum could be segregated to two species, Frikkiella pseudoprostrata and F. searlesii.
(77) See Wynne and Ballantine (1986).
(78) See Ballantine and Wynne (1988).
(79) See Wynne et al. (1989).
(80) See Millar (1990).
(81) Treated as Nitophyllum punctatum in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983). See Wynne (1997).
(82) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Wynne (1985) as Platysiphonia miniata (C.Agardh) Børgesen. See Cremades and Pérez-Cirera (1990).
(83) Includes Bostrychia binderi Harv. previously reported from Puerto Rico. See Silva et al. (1996).
(84) See Wynne (1991).
(85) See Nam (1999).
(86) Silva et al. (1996) regarded L. gemmifera as a variety of L. poiteaui; however, Fujii et al. (1996) provided morphological evidence that they were separate species.
(87) Described by Wynne and Ballantine (1991) as Laurencia iridescens, the species was transferred to Chondrophycus by Garbary and Harper (1998).
(88) See Garbary and Harper 1998).
(89) Included as a member of the Dasyaceae by Taylor (1960) and Wynne (1986); however, see Silva et al. (1996).
(90) Includes Herposiphonia tenella (C.Agardh) Ambronn previously reported from Puerto Rico. See Wynne (1998).
(91) See Kim and Lee (1999).
(92) See R.E. Norris (1991).
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(93) See Ouriques and Bouzon (2000).
(94) The species has been placed in Feldmannia (see Wynne 1986). However, Amsler (in Schneider and Searles 1991) retained the species in Ectocarpus on the basis of chloroplast morphology.
(95) See Hörnig et al. (1992).
(96) See Schnetter et al. (1987).
(97) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Norris (1989) as Dilophus alternans J.Agardh. See Hörnig et al. (1992; 1993) and DeClerck 1997).
(98) See Hörnig and Schnetter (1988); both Dictyota divaricata J.V.Lamouroux and D. linearis (C. Agardh) Grev. are previously reported from Puerto Rico.
(99) Allender and Kraft (1983) showed that the tristromatic Padina gymnospora sensu Taylor (1960) was a new species, P. boergesenii and the entity Taylor (1960) referred to as P. vickersiae (4-8 cell layers) was relegated to synonymy, now being called P. gymnospora.
(100) This highly unusual geographic record is considered doubtful as there are no voucher specimens in MSM. See Díaz-Piferrer (1969).
(101) See Fletcher (1987).
(102) Plants previously treated as Sargassum bermudense Grunov in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983) are now included with Sargassum furcatum.
(103) Although Taylor (1975) reported the species as ranging from Puerto Rico, he did not provide collecting localities for the island.
(104) Silva et al. (1996) considered this binomial to be an illegitimate name but another name has not been proposed.
(105) See Ballantine and Norris (1994).
(106) Includes E. erecta (Lyngb.) J.Agardh and E. plumosa Kütz. both previously reported from Puerto Rico.
(107) See Littler and Littler (1991).
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/83/ballantine_aponte/notes.html (7 of 9)9/14/2006 6:12:08 AM Constancea 83.8: Puerto Rico Checklist: Notes (108) See Kraft and Wynne (1996).
(109) Reported from Puerto Rico by Ballantine and Wynne (1986a) as Struvea ramosa Dickie; see Kraft and Wynne (1996).
(110) See van den Hoek (1982).
(111) Specimens attributed to Cladophora crispula Vickers from Guajataca, Puerto Rico were referred by van den Hoek (1982) to C. socialis. Van den Hoek (1982) considered reports of C. crispula from locations other than Barbados in the Caribbean to be based on misidentifications.
(112) See Olsen-Stojkovich (1985).
(113) See Olsen and West (1988).
(114) John (1977) transferred all Pseudobryopsis species to Trichosolen; however, Henne and Schnetter (1999) distinguished the two genera on the basis of chloroplasts and gametangia.
(115) As Pseudobryopsis longipedicellata H.L.Blomq. & Díaz-Pif. in Almodóvar and Ballantine (1983).
(116) Taylor (1962), regarded this species as being conspecific with T. duchassaingii; however, Henne and Schnetter (1999) regarded it as being distinct.
(117) Caulerpa peltata previously reported from Puerto Rico is treated by Wynne (1998) as being conspecific with C. racemosa.
(118) We have followed Prud'homme van Reine and Lokhorst (1992) who erected the genus Caulerpella based on its non-holocarpic reproduction. Silva et al. (1996); however, retained the species in Caulerpa.
(119) See Littler and Littler (1992).
(120) See Ballantine (1982).
(121) See Littler and Littler (1990a).
(122) Silva et al. (1996) treated this species as Rhipiliopsis reticulata (C.Hoek) Farghaly & Denizot. Ballantine and Wynne (1986) in reporting the species from Puerto Rico as Rhipiliopsis stri followed Bula Meyer (1982) who provided evidence that R. stri and R. reticulata were conspecific.
(123) See Littler and Littler (1990b).
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(124) Includes Udotea sublittoralis W.R.Taylor previously reported from Puerto Rico; see Littler and Littler (1990b).
(125) Reported from Puerto Rico by Hinds and Ballantine (1987). See Silva et al. (1996) for a discussion on maintaining the species in Acetabularia.
(126) Includes Polyphysa peniculus previously reported from Puerto Rico.
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