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FOR LOVE of COUNTRY: the Killeen Base Oral History Project

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FOR LOVE of COUNTRY: the Killeen Base Oral History Project FOR LOVE OF COUNTRY: The Killeen Base Oral History Project by Amy E. Dase and Stephanie L. Katauskas U.S. Army Garrison, Fort Hood Archeological Resource Management Series Research Report No. 58 September 2011 FOR LOVE OF COUNTRY: The Killeen Base Oral History Project by Amy E. Dase and Stephanie L. Katauskas Prepared for Cultural Resources Management Program Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division U.S. Army Garrison, Fort Hood Department of the Army by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas PAI No. 209016 in partial fulfillment of Contract W9126G-05-D-0010 Delivery Order No. 40 September 2011 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) xx-09-2011 Final From June 2009 to September 2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER For Love of Country: The Killeen Base Oral History Project, U.S. Army W9126G-05-D-0010, Delivery Order No. 40 Garrison, Fort Hood, Archeological Resource Management Series, Research Report No. 58 5b. GRANT NUMBER N/A 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER N/A 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Amy E. Dase and Stephanie L. Katauskas N/A 5e. TASK NUMBER N/A 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER N/A 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Prewitt and Associates, Inc. REPORT NUMBER 2105 Donley Drive, Suite 400 209016 (oral history task) Austin, Texas 78758 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District CESWF-PER-EC 819 Taylor Street, Room 3A14 P.O. Box 17300 11. SPONSORING/MONITORING Fort Worth, Texas 76102-0300 AGENCY REPORT NUMBER N/A 12. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; limited number of print and bound copies; unlimited number of electronic copies available; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Electronic copies are available from the Cultural Resources Management Program, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Division, U.S. Army Garrison Fort Hood, Department of the Army. 14. ABSTRACT Oral history interviews were conducted to record recollections about Killeen Base, the first of several atomic weapons national storage sites to operate in the U.S. This report includes transcripts of 18 oral history interviews that reflect 32 hours of recorded digital audio recordings. Transcribed, reviewed, and minimally edited, the transcripts are faithfully reproduced. Some informants also shared photographs and ephemera. Seventeen of the informants were members of the 1094th U.S. Air Force Special Reporting Squadron, and the remaining informant worked on the construction crew that built Killeen Base. The interviews mostly pertain air force operation of the facility in conjunction with the Atomic Energy Commission between 1948 and 1952. The informants recounted their memories about nuclear weapons, the Cold War, Killeen Base, adjacent Gray Air Force Base, and duties performed as part of the squadron. The audio recordings are permanently housed at the Texas Collection of Baylor University, where they available to the public. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Killeen Base, Gray Air Force Base, 1094th Special Reporting Squadron, Cold War, oral history, national nuclear storage site, nuclear weapons, Q Area 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON ABSTRACT OF PAGES Amy E. Dase UU 598 a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 19b. TELEPONE NUMBER (Include area code) Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified 512.459.3348 extension 224 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI-Std Z39-18 Cover photograph of the 1094th U.S. Air Force Special Report Squadron in formation provided courtesy of Calvin Adkins Cover design: Sandra L. Hannum Research and publication of this book were funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District under Contract W9126G-05-D-01010, Delivery Order No. 40 Printed in the United States of America by Ginny’s Printing, Austin, Texas September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................... viii THE KILLEEN BASE ORAL History PROJECT ........................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 Methodology................................................................................................................................. 3 Recollections of Killeen Base ...................................................................................................... 6 INFORMANTS .................................................................................................................................... 29 Calvin Howard Adkins ................................................................................................................ 31 Richard Augustus Bender ........................................................................................................... 55 Reed Cheesman ........................................................................................................................... 107 Dave Ennis Conder ..................................................................................................................... 139 William Jonathan (Bill) Fogle ..................................................................................................... 167 James Leroy Griffin ..................................................................................................................... 185 Rodney G. (Ed) Helms ................................................................................................................. 203 Abe Hern ...................................................................................................................................... 215 Elmer Hounshell ......................................................................................................................... 229 James C. Kinard Sr. ..................................................................................................................... 255 Harold Andrew Lehman ............................................................................................................. 271 Elton Joseph (Al) Lowell ............................................................................................................. 317 Jack Lee McCoy ........................................................................................................................... 357 Engward William Nielsen ........................................................................................................... 381 Guy Barr Priester Jr. ................................................................................................................... 413 George Andrew Rasmussen ........................................................................................................ 465 John A. (Jack) Stedman .............................................................................................................. 489 Herman (Jack) Wallace Jr. .......................................................................................................... 507 REFERENCES CITED ....................................................................................................................... 557 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................... 561 A: Index of Historical Photographs and Ephemera ................................................................... 563 B: Photograph Documentation Form .......................................................................................... 573 C: Standard Agreement for Release of Documentary Materials............................................... 577 D: Questionnaires for Potential Informants .............................................................................. 581 E: Interview Preface and Questions ........................................................................................... 585 LIST OF FIGURES 1. The attendees of the 1094th U.S. Air Force Special Report Squadron in Branson, Missouri, in 2009 .................................................................................................. 4 2. A long concrete tunnel inside Plant 2 at Killeen Base ........................................................... 9 3. Footprint of a plant at Killeen Base with rooms identified
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