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An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective on Gift Giving Among
MAR WILEJ RIGHT BATCH Top of text An Evolutionary Psychology Top of CT Perspective on Gift Giving among Young Adults Gad Saad Concordia University Tripat Gill Case Western Reserve University ABSTRACT With evolutionary psychology used as the theoretical framework, two aspects of gift giving among young adults are investigated: (a) sex differences in motives for giving gifts to a romantic partner, and (b) the allocation of gift expenditures among various relations, including romantic partners, close friends, close kin, and distant kin members. As per the evolved sex differences in mating strategies, it is proposed and found that men report tactical motives for giving gifts to their romantic partners more frequently than women. Also, there are no sex differences in situational motives for giving gifts. In addition, women are aware that men use tactical motives more often; whereas men think that these motives are employed equally by both sexes. With regard to gift expenditures it is found that, for kin members, the amount spent on gifts increases with the genetic relatedness (r value) of the particular kin. When all relations (kin and nonkin members) are included, the allocation of gift expenditures were the highest to romantic partners, followed by those to close kin members and then to close friends. The latter finding is explained via the importance attached to the evolved psychological mechanisms linked to each of the above relations, namely, reproductive fitness (for partners), nonreproductive fitness (for close kin members), and reciprocal altruism (for close friends). ᭧ 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Base of text Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 20(9): 765–784 (September 2003) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) ᭧ 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
How Evolution Can Help Us Understand Child Development and Behaviour Annie Swanepoel, Daniela F
BJPsych Advances (2016), vol. 22, 36–43 doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.114.014043 ARTICLE How evolution can help us understand child development and behaviour Annie Swanepoel, Daniela F. Sieff, Graham Music, John Launer, Michael Reiss & Bernadette Wren Annie Swanepoel is a consultant us how, in response to environmental influences, SUMMARY child and adolescent psychiatrist genes are switched on or off. It is also showing in the Hertfordshire Partnership The traditional disease model, still dominant in us that these effects can be transmitted down University Foundation Trust. She psychiatry, is less than ideal for making sense of is interested in the integration of generations. Yet surprisingly few people have psychological issues such as the effects of early body and mind, nature and nurture, childhood experiences on development. We argue asked wider questions such as ‘Why does psychoneuroimmunology, as well as this sensitivity exist?’ and ‘Why does this evolutionary psychology. Daniela F. that a model based on evolutionary thinking can Sieff has a doctorate in biological deepen understanding and aid clinical practice sensitivity sometimes lead to apparently negative anthropology. She is interested by showing how behaviours, bodily responses developmental patterns?’. However, these in the ways that interdisciplinary and psychological beliefs tend to develop for questions can be fruitfully addressed if we turn to perspectives can foster the ‘adaptive’ reasons, even when these ways of being understanding of emotional trauma. an evolutionary perspective. Graham Music is a consultant might on first appearance seem pathological. Such Organisms that are better fitted to their child and adolescent psychotherapist understanding has implications for treatment. It environment (which means better adapted to their at the Tavistock Clinic and an adult also challenges the genetic determinist model, environment) have a greater chance of surviving psychotherapist in private practice. -
King's Research Portal
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by King's Research Portal King’s Research Portal Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Wertz, J., Belsky, J., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, D. W., Harrington, H., Avinun, R., ... Caspi, A. (Accepted/In press). Genetics of nurture: A test of the hypothesis that parents’ genetics predict their observed caregiving . Developmental Psychology. Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Same-Sex Marriage, Lesbigay Parenting, and the Psychology of Disgust
Working Paper Series Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Year 2007 It's Really About Sex: Same-Sex Marriage, Lesbigay Parenting, and the Psychology of Disgust Richard E. Redding Villanova University School of Law, [email protected] This paper is posted at Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/wps/art92 113495-TEXT .NATIVE .1205175861. DOC 3/10/2008 12:05:16 PM IT’S REALLY ABOUT SEX : SAME -SEX MARRIAGE , LESBIGAY PARENTING , AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DISGUST RICHARD E. REDDING * TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 102 I. THE STATE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON LESBIGAY PARENTING .................... 108 A. Early Research Returns: “No Differences” Between Children Raised by Lesbigay Versus Heterosexual Parents...................... 109 B. Critics Take a Fresh Look at the Research: Fatally Flawed or Flawed But Informative?................................................................ 110 C. The Importance of “Getting It Right” ................................................... 116 D. Three Recent Studies............................................................................... 119 II. DOES SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON LESBIGAY PARENTING PROVIDE A BASIS FOR PROHIBITING LESBIGAY MARRIAGE OR ADOPTION ? .................... 120 A. Are Children Raised by Lesbigay Parents More Likely to Be Homosexual? .................................................................................. -
1 December 19, 2019 the Psychology of Online Political Hostility
The Psychology of Online Political Hostility: A Comprehensive, Cross-National Test of the Mismatch Hypothesis Alexander Bor* & Michael Bang Petersen Department of Political Science Aarhus University August 30, 2021 Please cite the final version of this paper published in the American Political Science Review at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000885. Abstract Why are online discussions about politics more hostile than offline discussions? A popular answer argues that human psychology is tailored for face-to-face interaction and people’s behavior therefore changes for the worse in impersonal online discussions. We provide a theoretical formalization and empirical test of this explanation: the mismatch hypothesis. We argue that mismatches between human psychology and novel features of online environments could (a) change people’s behavior, (b) create adverse selection effects and (c) bias people’s perceptions. Across eight studies, leveraging cross-national surveys and behavioral experiments (total N=8,434), we test the mismatch hypothesis but only find evidence for limited selection effects. Instead, hostile political discussions are the result of status-driven individuals who are drawn to politics and are equally hostile both online and offline. Finally, we offer initial evidence that online discussions feel more hostile, in part, because the behavior of such individuals is more visible than offline. Acknowledgements This research has benefitted from discussions with Vin Arceneaux, Matt Levendusky, Mark Van Vugt, John Tooby, and members of the Research on Online Political Hostility (ROHP) group, among many others. We are grateful for constructive comments to workshop attendees at the Political Behavior Section of Aarhus University, at the NYU-SMAPP Lab, at the NYU Social Justice Lab, at the Hertie School, and to conference audiences at APSA 2019, HBES 2019, and ROPH 2020. -
A Celebration of Darwin's Legacy Across Academic Disciplines
HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY HOFSTRA COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES IDEAS* and the HOFSTRA CULTURAL CENTER present Darwin’sA Celebration of Darwin’s Legacy Across Reach Academic Disciplines Thursday, Friday and Saturday March 12, 13 and 14, 2009 RegistRation PRogRam ® *IDEAS is the Institute for the Development of Education in the Advanced Sciences, Hofstra University, School of Education, Health and Human Services. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY HOFSTRA COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES IDEAS and the HOFSTRA CULTURAL CENTER present Darwin’s Reach A Celebration of Darwin’s Legacy Across Academic Disciplines Stuart Rabinowitz Marilyn B. Monter President and Andrew M. Boas and Chair, Board of Trustees Mark L. Claster Distinguished Professor of Law Hofstra University Hofstra University M. Patricia Adamski Herman A. Berliner Senior Vice President for Planning and Administration Provost and Senior Vice President for Adolph J. and Dorothy R. Eckhardt Distinguished Academic Affairs Professor of Corporate Law Lawrence J. Herbert Distinguished Professor Hofstra University Hofstra University CONFERENCE CO-DIRECTORS Daniel R. Rubey J Bret Bennington Russell L. Burke Dean of Library and Information Services Associate Professor of Geology Associate Professor of Biology Hofstra University Hofstra University Hofstra University EDUCATION COORDINATOR CONFERENCE COORDINATOR Janice Koch Carol D. Mallison Professor of Science Education Conference Coordinator Director of IDEAS Hofstra Cultural Center Hofstra University CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Cynthia J. Bogard, Professor of Sociology Natalie Datlof, Executive Director, Hofstra Cultural Center Christopher H. Eliot, Assistant Professor of Philosophy Jean D. Giebel, Chair and Associate Professor of Drama and Dance Charles Peterson, Assistant Professor of Biology John P. Teehan, Associate Professor of Religion Daniel M. -
Evolutionary Psychology
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION, VOL. 51, NO. 2, JUNE 2008 133 Introduction to Darwinian Perspectives on Electronic Communication —NED KOCK,DONALD A. HANTULA,STEPHEN C. HAYNE,GAD SAAD,PETER M. TODD, AND RICHARD T. W ATSON Abstract—This article provides an introduction to the Special Section on Darwinian Perspectives on Electronic Communication. It starts with a discussion of the motivation for the Special Section, followed by several sections written by the Guest Editor (Ned Kock) and the Guest Associate Editors (Donald Hantula, Stephen Hayne, Gad Saad, Peter Todd, and Richard Watson). In those sections, the Guest Editor and Associate Editors put forth several provocative ideas that hopefully will provide a roadmap for future inquiry in areas related to the main topic of the Special Section. Toward its end, this article provides a discussion on how biological theories of electronic communication can bridge the current gap between technological and social theories. The article concludes with an answer to an intriguing question: Are we as a species currently evolving to become better at using electronic communication technologies? Index Terms—Computer-mediated communication, Darwinian perspectives, electronic communication, evolutionary psychology. this field of investigation is to hypothesize and Evolutionary explanations of human behavior explain the existence of brain mechanisms, often are not new. Ever since Darwin’s publication of his reflected in behavioral patterns, by arguing that theory of natural selection [1] there has been a great selective pressures in our evolutionary past created deal of speculation about how natural (and later and shaped those mechanisms. sexual) selection has shaped the human species. -
Evolutionary Theory and Reproductive Responses to Father Absence: Implications of Kin Selection and the Reproductive Returns to Mating and Parenting Effort
In Handbook of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, eds. Catherine S. Tamis -LeMonda and Natasha Cabrera. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. To be published 2001 EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSES TO FATHER ABSENCE: IMPLICATIONS OF KIN SELECTION AND THE REPRODUCTIVE RETURNS TO MATING AND PARENTING EFFORT David Waynforth _________________________________________ Visiting Professor 2000-2001 International Research Center for Japanese Studies 3-2 Oeyama-cho, Goryo Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 610-1192 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Office Tel. (075)335-2119 Home Tel. (075)335-2540 ext 6849 & Department of Anthropology University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1086 U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Evolutionary theory and father absence David Waynforth INTRODUCTION Evolutionary theorists are in the business of seeking ultimate explanations for behavior. Ultimate explanations concern why a behavior or trait would have evolved by Darwinian natural or sexual selection and would therefore be adaptive in particular environments. This is in contrast to what is termed proximate explanation, which is usually about more immediate types of motivation, an example being understanding the hormonal underpinnings of a behavior. The topic of father absence due to divorce has not escaped the attention of evolutionary theorists seeking ultimate explanation for its patterns and effects, and the first part of this chapter focuses on a particularly influential ultimate explanation for the pattern of events that appear to be typically associated with father absent household structure. After tracing the history of this evolutionary approach to father absence and showing some empirical evidence for and against it, I move on to how father absence can fit into evolutionary ecological approaches to mating strategies more generally, with a view to improving our understanding of its effects. -
Society for Research in Child Development Newsletter, 2003. INSTITUTION Society for Research in Child Development
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 480 656 PS 031 539 AUTHOR Reid, Pamela Trotman, Ed.; Ehart, Bridget, Ed. TITLE Society for Research in Child Development Newsletter, 2003. INSTITUTION Society for Research in Child Development. PUB DATE 2003-00-00 NOTE 62p.; For the 2002 issues, see PS 031 538. AVAILABLE FROM Society for Research in Child Development, University of Michigan, 3131 South State Street, Suite 302, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1623. Tel: 734-998-6574; Fax: 734-998-6569; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.srcd.org. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Society for Research in Child Development Newsletter; v46 nl- 4 2003 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Child Development; Coping; *Developmental Psychology; Emotional Adjustment; Financial Support; Information Dissemination; Newsletters; **Organizations (Groups); Program Descriptions; Psychological Studies; Public Policy; School Desegregation; Terrorism IDENTIFIERS Project Head Start; *Society for Research in Child Development ABSTRACT This document consists of the four 2003 issues of a newsletter disseminating information on the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) and providing a forum for important news, research, and information concerning advancement in child growth and development research. Each issue of the newsletter includes announcements and notices of conferences, workshops, position openings, fellowship, and member obituaries. The January issue summarizes meetings of the Consortium for Social Science Associations and the Human Development -
A Mathematical Model of the Evolution of Individual Differences in Developmental Plasticity Arising Through Parental Bet-Hedging
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title A mathematical model of the evolution of individual differences in developmental plasticity arising through parental bet-hedging. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bh108gv Journal Developmental science, 19(2) ISSN 1363-755X Authors Frankenhuis, Willem E Panchanathan, Karthik Belsky, Jay Publication Date 2016-03-01 DOI 10.1111/desc.12309 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Developmental Science 19:2 (2016), pp 251–274 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12309 PAPER A mathematical model of the evolution of individual differences in developmental plasticity arising through parental bet-hedging Willem E. Frankenhuis,1 Karthik Panchanathan2 and Jay Belsky3 1. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2. Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, USA 3. Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA Abstract Children vary in the extent to which their development is shaped by particular experiences (e.g. maltreatment, social support). This variation raises a question: Is there no single level of plasticity that maximizes biological fitness? One influential hypothesis states that when different levels of plasticity are optimal in different environmental states and the environment fluctuates unpredictably, natural selection may favor parents producing offspring with varyinglevels of plasticity. The current article presents a mathematical model assessing the logic of this hypothesis – specifically, it examines what conditions are required for natural selection to favor parents to bet-hedge by varying their offspring’s plasticity. Consistent with existing theory from biology, results show that between- individual variation in plasticity cannot evolve when the environment only varies across space. -
The Interdisciplinarity of Evolutionary Approaches to Human Behavior: a Key to Survival in the Ivory Archipelago
Futures 43 (2011) 749–761 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Futures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/futures The interdisciplinarity of evolutionary approaches to human behavior: A key to survival in the Ivory Archipelago Justin R. Garcia a,b,*, Glenn Geher c, Benjamin Crosier c,d, Gad Saad e, Daniel Gambacorta c, Laura Johnsen c, Elissa Pranckitas c a Departments of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, Binghamton University, USA b Institute for Evolutionary Studies (EvoS), Binghamton University, USA c Psychology Department, SUNY New Paltz, USA d Department of Psychology, University of Florida, USA e Marketing Department, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper explores the degree of interdisciplinarity of evolutionary approaches to the Available online 25 May 2011 study of human behavior, and the implications that any such interdisciplinarity may have for the future of evolutionary psychology (EP) as a field of scholarship. To gauge the extent of interdisciplinarity of EP, the departmental affiliation of first-authors from 1000 journal articles evenly distributed across ten leading peer-reviewed psychology journals was assessed. Findings show that journals that are evolutionary-based have more first-authors from outside of psychology, and also include a wider variety of represented disciplines. These findings are discussed in terms of their influence on the future of EP, as a model for interdisciplinary research. EP’s future will be successful if it continues to promote interdisciplinarity as well as recognize the epistemological worth of multiple evolutionary paradigms and frameworks. Evolutionary principles have been successfully applied to a broad range of topics, suggesting there is great utility in evolution serving as a common language for interdisciplinary pursuits within the behavioral and social sciences. -
Publisher Version (Open Access)
OPINION ARTICLE published: 28 November 2014 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01372 The uniquely predictive power of evolutionary approaches to mind and behavior Ian D. Stephen*, Mehmet K. Mahmut , Trevor I. Case , Julie Fitness and Richard J. Stevenson Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia *Correspondence: [email protected] Edited by: Danielle Sulikowski, Charles Sturt University, Australia Reviewed by: Gad Saad, Concordia University, Canada Keywords: evolutionary psychology, e-cognition, ethology, explanatory power, proximate/ultimate INTRODUCTION ontogenetic (developmental) approaches rarely being acknowledged directly, these Barrett et al. (2014) argue that the primary than as a revolutionary approach in its principles are applied in a range of evolu- contribution of evolutionary psychology own right, and therefore is best examined tionary approaches to mind and behavior (EP), as defined by the Santa Barbara through the lens of evolution. (e.g., Stephen, 2013). school (Cosmides and Tooby, 1987;see This application of evolutionary con- also Laland and Brown, 2011)isthecon- THE VALUE OF EVOLUTIONARY cepts to psychology is not reliant on the ception of the mind as a collection of sepa- APPROACHES TO MIND AND assumption of massive, domain-specific rate, domain-specific mental modules that BEHAVIOR modularity, since predictions derived from evolved to solve specific adaptive prob- In what is now widely considered the such an assumption are often identi- lems. This, they argue, means that EP does foundational document of human ethol- cal to those derived from evolutionary not represent a true alternative to com- ogy, Niko Tinbergen makes the case that approaches based on plasticity, domain- putational models of mind and is there- behavior can be addressed at four differ- generality, and cultural evolution.