The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS' LIBRARY mmi ^"^^^ Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2011 witii funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/animalkingdomarr05cuvi : THE ANIMAL KINGDOM ARRANGED IN CONFORMITY WITH ITS ORGANIZATION, BY THE BARON CUVIER, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, ^c. f)C. §c. ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTIONS ALL THE SPECIES HITHERTO NAMED, AND OF MANY NOT BEFORE NOTICED, EDWARD GRIFFITH, F.L.S., A.S., ^c AND OTHERS. VOLUME THE FIFTH. LONDON PRINTED FOR GEO. B. WHITTAKER, AVE-MARIA-LANE. MDCCCXXVII. LONDON: Printed by William Clowes, Charing Cross. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES CLASS MAMMALIA, AS ARRANGED WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR ORGANIZATION, C U V I E R, AND OTHER NATURALISTS SPECIFIC CHARACTERS, SYNONYMA, Sfc. 8fc. VOLUME THE FIFTH. LONDON: PRINTED FOR GEO. B. WHITTAKER, AVE-MARIA-LANE. MDCCCXXVII. LONDON: Printed by William Clowes, Charing Cross. \ s SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES "^ OF THE CLASS MAMMALIA. I p The preceding supplemental essays on the text of our author, like the text itself, by no means furnish even I a I sketch of all the species hitherto described, but as the ex- I amination of the most ingenious machinery, however inte- resting in the detail of all its parts, is but an idle amuse- I I ment, unless the final object and utility of the machine itself i!;, be borne in mind, so the study of the various peculiarities of 4 organized nature is but a profitless pursuit unless the cha- racters, habits, and relative situations of the several ani- mals themselves be considered. I Hence some additional biographical matter seemed abso- lutely necessary to the utility of the present undertaking, as otherw^ise that harmonious adaptation of means to ends of I the works of creation, which becomes the more apparent in proportion to the pains bestowed on its investigation, : might be neglected or forgotten. I One considerable difficulty in the insertion of additional descriptions and biographical matter is, however, to know where to stop—to feel satisfied that the English reader has been introduced into the hitherto neglci^ted arcana of zoolo- gical science sufficiently to enable him, by drawing conclu- sions in his own mind from the premises stated, to derive profit and amusement from the pursuit; and at (he ; ^^jfoth .--•-:-:> i^'^ ' SYNOPSIS OF THE same time fairly to presume that neither his patience nor his purse have been unnecessarily or excessively drawn upon. To accomplish this object as far as possible, the following tabular view* is appended. This is intended to present, not merely a list of all the species hitherto known, but also their various synonyma with references to the first zoologists who have described them under each name given, and to the best figures, with occasional observations, parti- cularly where any uncertainty seems to arise as to the real distinctiveness of any particular species. In presenting this list, however, with the authorities for the several species enumerated, it is by no means pretended to vouch for the accuracy or propriety of the specific separation of each ; but they will be translated from the best monographs on the subject, revised by actual observations, as far as the collections of England, and the remarks of foreign writers, will permit. This table is constructed according to the arrangement of the ' Regne Animal' of Cuvier. To the student in syste- matic zoology it will matter little whether he divides the orders with that author into a few genera, and each genus into several sub-genera or groups, or whether, with the more modern and refined zoologists, he treats each group or sub- division as a distinct genus. The present table will avail equally either way. Class I.—MAMMALIA. Animals covered with hair, having a back bone or vertebral column, red warm blood, and respiring air, by means of lungs, floating in a peculiar cavity. The foetus, sus- tained by the mother in the womb, and born with signs of life. The young nourished with milk from the mammae or teats of its mother. * The synopsis will only be paged at the bottom, iu order that each part of it as given at the end of each order, may be separated from the rest, and bound in a dialiuct volume if desired. 2 ; SPECIES OF MAMMALIA. Order 1.—BIMANA. Teeth of three sorts. The posterior extremities proper for walking, the anterior furnished with hands. Nails all flat teats two, pectoral ; body vertical ; stomach simple ; in- testines furnished with a small caecum ; orbital and tem- poral fossaB distinct. Eatshoth animal and vegetable matter. Inhabits almost the whole of the earth's surface. Genus I. Homo. Cutting teeth, |. Canine, i-i. Cheek teeth |-|-=32. I. Species 1. Homo Sapiens, ^^ knowing himself." Li7i. Var. a. Caucasian variety.—Face oval ; facial angle 85°; forehead high expanding; cheeks coloured red ; hair long and thick. Inhabits Europe, (excepting Lapland and Finland), Western and Northern part of Asia. flat, b. Mongolian variety. —Face broad and olivaceous ; facial angle 75° ; eyes narrow and oblique ; hair hard, strait, black ; beard thin. Inhabits Eastern Asia, Finland and Lapland in Europe, and the Esquimaux part of North America. c. American variety. —Face broad, reddish copper-colour ; cheek-bones very prominent ; forehead short ; nose flattish : hair black ; beard weak. ^ Inhabits America (except the Esquimaux). d. Negro variety.—Face black, projecting forward be- 70° low ; facial angle ; forehead narrow, slanting, arched ; lips large ; nose thick ; hair crisp. Inhabits all the middle parts of Africa. e. Malay variety.—Face brownish, ratlioi- projecting for- 3 SYNOPSIS OF THE ward ; nose rather full and broad, apex thickened ; mouth large ; hair thick, black, and curled. Inhabits near the Ganges, the islands of the Indian Ocean, and the Polynesia. Obs. These are the principal varieties, to one or other of which the minor ramifications may in general be traced. Order II.—QUADRUMANA. Teeth of three sorts. The four extremities furnished with hands ; teats two or four, pectoral ; bones of the arms and legs separate, capable of pronation and supination ; sto- mach simple membranaceous ; intestines short, with a small caecum; the orbital and temporal fossae distinct. £^^5 fruit, roots, and insects. Lives in trees. Intelli- gent, active. Inhabits the warm parts of America, Africa, and India. Genus I. Simia. Form approaching that of man, cutting teeth |, canine \\\, grinders |:|, bluntly tubercular. Nostrils close, sepa- rated merely by a thin septum ; teats two, pectoral ; tail wanting or varying in length, never prehensile, with dis- tinct cheek pouches, and often with callosities on the buttocks. Eats ivmi, insects, and sometimes birds. Inhabits Africa and India, and its islands. Sub-genus I. Troglodytes. Geoflfroy, Facial angle^ 50'.; no cheek pouches, tail, nor callous buttocks; arms short ; superciliary/ ridges distinct. 2. 1.5. T. Niger (Chimpanse). Fur black. Homo silvestris Tyson Anat. of a pygmy. Homo troglo- dytes, Lin. Syst. Nat. 33. Simia troglodytes, Gmelin, 26. S. Pygmea et S. Satyrus, Schreb. Troglodytes niger, Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. xix. 87. Mimetes, Leach, Jour. Phys. — SPECIES OF MAMMAl.FA, Man of the Woods. Edwards, Glean. Great Ape, Pen- • nant, Quadrupeds. Jocko, Buff, xiv ; Pongo, ib. supp. vu. Icon. Tyson, with the skeleton, viscera, See, Edwards, Buffon. XIV. Tulpius, Obs. med.—Schreber, I.e. tab. 1, 2. Audebert, t. 1. — Griff. Vert. Jnirn. Inhabits Africa, especially about Angola and Congo. Obs. The adult state is unknown. II. PiTHECus.—Geoffroy. Facial a7igleb5°; no cheek- pouches, tail, nor callosities ; arms very long ; no superciliary ridges, at least in the young state. 3. \. S. P. Satyrus, (Orang-Outang). Fur brown. Simia Satyrus. Lin. Syst. nat. 34. S. agrias. Schreb. Orang-Outang, Vosmaer. Jocko. Buff., supp. viii. Icon. Abel's Embassy to Chiiia. Edwards, Glean. Vosmaer. Camper, Nat. Ver. t. 4. Schreb. t. 2, B. t. 2, C. Buff. vu. t. 1. Audebert Hist, des Singes, t. 2. Griff\ Vert. Anim. Inhabits the eastern parts of Asia, near MaZocca and Borneo. Obs. Adult state not known. Presumed then to be the Pongo. 4. 2. S. P. Wurmbii, (Pongo). Fur black. The arms reach to the ancles ; superciliary and sagittal ridges very distinct. Pongo Wurmbii. Geoff. Cynocephalus Wurmbii. Illiger. Pongo. Wurmb. Mem. Soc. Bat. ii. 245. Singe de Wurmb. Audebert, Hist, des Singes. Blainville Jour. Phys. Icon. Audebert Hist, des Singes ; skeleton. Inhabits Borneo and the Indian Archipelago. Obs. Most probably the adult Orang Outang. III. Hylobates. Illiger. Facial angle, 60°.; no cheek pouches nor tail ; buttocks callous ; arms excessively long. 5. 1. S. H. Lar. (Gibbon). Fur black ; face surrounded with gray. 5 SYNOPSIS OF THE Homo Lar. Lin. Mantissa, ii. 521. SimiaLar. Gmelin. S. longimana, Schreb. PithecusLar. Geoff. Ann. Mus. xix. 88. Long-armed Ape, Pemi. Quad. Gibbon, Buff. xiv. Icon. Schreb. t. 3, /. 1. Buff, xiv., t. 2. Inhabits East Indies, near Coromandel and Malacca, and the Molucca Islands. 6. 2. S. H. variegatus (Little Gibbon). Fur varied with gray brown, and deep gray. Simia Lar. iS. Gmel. S. longimana. var. Scrheb. S. lon- gimana. Mus. Leverianum. Pithecus variegatus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xix. 88. Little Gibbon, Penn. Quad. Petit Gibbon, Buff. xiv. Icon. Schreb. t. 3. Mus. Leverianum, t. \., Buffon, xiv., t. 3. Inhabits Malacca. Obs. This is probably a mere variety of the last, it is dis- tinguished, however, by being less in stature, and having the white hairs extending round the face, and also over the shoulders. 7. 3. S. H. leuciscus (Wow Wow). Fur ash gray ; face black; callosities very large. Simia lar. /3. Penn. Quad. S. leucisca, Schreb. Pithecus leuciscus, Geoff. Ann. Mus. xix., 89 Wouwou, Camper. Moloch, Audebert.