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Country Profile 2007 Country Profile 2007 Fiji This Country Profile is a reference work, analysing the country’s history, politics, infrastructure and economy. It is revised and updated annually. The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Country Reports analyse current trends and provide a two-year forecast. The full publishing schedule for Country Profiles is now available on our website at www.eiu.com/schedule The Economist Intelligence Unit 26 Red Lion Square London WC1R 4HQ United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For 60 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit delivers its information in four ways: through its digital portfolio, where the latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 26 Red Lion Square The Economist Building 60/F, Central Plaza London 111 West 57th Street 18 Harbour Road WC1R 4HQ New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, US Hong Kong Tel: (44.20) 7576 8000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2585 3888 Fax: (44.20) 7576 8500 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eiu.com Electronic delivery This publication can be viewed by subscribing online at www.store.eiu.com Reports are also available in various other electronic formats, such as CD-ROM, Lotus Notes, online databases and as direct feeds to corporate intranets. For further information, please contact your nearest Economist Intelligence Unit office Copyright © 2007 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All information in this report is verified to the best of the author's and the publisher's ability. However, the Economist Intelligence Unit does not accept responsibility for any loss arising from reliance on it. ISSN 1460-7093 Symbols for tables “n/a” means not available; “–” means not applicable Printed and distributed by Patersons Dartford, Questor Trade Park, 151 Avery Way, Dartford, Kent DA1 1JS, UK. Kauai Honolulu MEXICO Oahu Maui Northern Mariana Is. Wake Is. Hawaii Hawaiian Is. Revilla Gigedo Is. HAWAII NORTHERN Johnston Is. Saipan MARIANA Marshall Is. ISLANDS (US) GuamGuam MARSHALL ISLANDS R a Kwajalein t M a R k i al Kolonia c ik Majuro BabelthuapBabelthuap C C r h h Pohnpei a Caroline Islands o i a n i FFEDERATEDEDERATED SSTATESTATES n n PALAU OOFF MMICRONESIAICRONESIA e s Kiritimati i Tarawa a Gilbert Is. BBismarkismark ArchipelagoArchipelago Nauru THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Manus New Ireland Phoenix Is. L i n Rabaul NAURU e New Britain I KIRIBATI s SOLOMON ISLANDS l a PAPUA NEWBougainville Choiseul n Santa Isabel d New Georgia Funafuti FunafutiFunafuti s GUINEA Tokelau Marquesas Is. Hiva Oa Port Honiara Malaita TUVALU Guadalcanal Moresby AMERICAN San Cristobal Northern Cook Is. WALLIS SAMOASAMOA SAMOA PACIFIC OCEAN & Apia FIJI Wallis Espiritu Santo FUTUNA Futuna UUpolupolu Pago Pago Cook Is. Tutuila VANUATU Vanua Levu Leeward Is. TONGATONGA COOK ISLANDS Papeete Tu Efate am Port Vila So Tahiti o NEW Viti Levu NIUE c tu Suva Southern Cook Is. ie A CALEDONIA ty Windward Is. r Is ch Alofi la ip TTongatapuongatapu Avarua nd e s la New Caledonia Nuku' alofa Rarotonga g Nouméa o Tubai Is. Gambier Is. Pitcairn Is. FRENCH POLYNESIA Sala y Gómez. Easter Is.. AUSTRALIA Brisbane Norfolk Is. Kermadec Is. Lord Howe Is. PACIFIC OCEAN Sydney NEW ZEALAND Canberra Auckland Melbourne Ernest Legouve Maria Theresa. TASMAN SEA Tasmania Wellington Hobart Christchurch Chatham Is. 0km 5001,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 International Date Line © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2007 0miles 500 1,000 1,500 Comparative economic indicators, 2006 Gross domestic product Gross domestic product per head (US$ bn) (US$ '000) Australia 755.4 Australia 37.3 New Zealand 104.4 New Zealand 25.1 Papua New Guinea Fiji(a) Fiji(a) Samoa(a) Samoa(a) Tonga(a) Vanuatu(a) Vanuatu(a) Solomon Islands(a) Papua New Guinea Tonga(a) Solomon Islands(a) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 (a) 2005. (a) 2005. Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit estimates; national sources. Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit estimates; national sources. Gross domestic product Consumer prices (% change, year on year) (% change, year on year) Samoa(a) Tonga(a) Solomon Islands(a) Solomon Islands(a) Papua New Guinea Australia Vanuatu(a) New Zealand Australia Papua New Guinea Tonga(a) Vanuatu(a) New Zealand Fiji(a) Fiji(a) Samoa(a) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 (a) 2005. (a) 2005. Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit estimates; national sources. Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit estimates; national sources. Country Profile 2007 www.eiu.com © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2007 Fiji 1 Contents Fiji 3 Basic data 4 Politics 4 Political background 5 Recent political developments 7 Constitution, institutions and administration 8 Political forces 8 International relations and defence 9 Resources and infrastructure 9 Population 9 Education 10 Health 10 Natural resources and the environment 10 Transport, communications and the Internet 11 Energy provision 11 The economy 11 Economic structure 12 Economic policy 13 Economic performance 14 Economic sectors 14 Agriculture 14 Mining and semi-processing 15 Manufacturing 15 Financial services 15 Other services 16 The external sector 16 Tra d e i n go od s 16 Invisibles and the current account 16 Capital flows and foreign debt 17 Foreign reserves and the exchange rate 18 Regional overview 18 Membership of organisations 20 The regional economy 22 Appendices 22 Sources of information 22 Reference tables 22 Estimated population 23 Gross domestic product by sector 23 Government finances 23 Gross domestic product 24 Gross domestic product by expenditure © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2007 www.eiu.com Country Profile 2007 2 Fiji 24 Inflation 24 Money and credit 24 Production of selected products 25 Visitor arrivals 25 Main domestic exports 25 Main imports 26 Main trading partners 26 Balance of payments, national series 26 External debt 27 Net official development assistance 27 Foreign reserves 27 Exchange rates Country Profile 2007 www.eiu.com © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2007 Fiji 3 Fiji Basic data Land area 18,333 sq km Population 772,655 (1996 census); 853,445 (December 2006 estimate) Major islands Viti Levu (10,429 sq km), Vanua Levu (5,556 sq km) Capital Suva (population: 176,000) Climate Tropical Weather in Suva (altitude Hottest months, January-March, 23-30°C (average daily minimum and 6 metres) maximum); coldest months, July-August, 20-26°C; driest month, July, 124 mm average rainfall; wettest month, March, 368 mm average rainfall Languages English, Fijian and Hindi Measures Metric Currency Fiji dollar (F$)=100 cents. Average exchange rate in 2006: F$1.69:US$1. Exchange rate on July 22nd: F$1.559:US$1 Fiscal year Calendar year Time 12 hours ahead of GMT Public holidays, 2006 January 1st (New Year!s Day); April 2nd (the prophet Mohammed!s birthday); April 6th (Good Friday); April 7th (Easter Saturday); April 9th (Easter Monday); May 4th (National Youth Day); May 28th (Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day); June 18th (Queen!s official birthday); October 8th (Fiji Day); November 9th (Diwali); December 25th (Christmas Day); December 26th (Boxing Day) © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2007 www.eiu.com Country Profile 2007 4 Fiji Politics Fijian politics remain characterised by strong divisions between the indigenous Fijian population and Fijians of Indian decent, brought in by the British colonial administration between 1879-1916 to work in the emerging sugar industry. Since colonial rule, native Fijians by law control land tenure, which has been frozen since 1909 and managed through a collective clan-based system of ownership. However, land is leased on ten-year terms mainly by Indo-Fijians, who have come to dominate Fiji!s industries. This separation directs the political agenda and is roughly mirrored in political parties, with the United Fiji Party, led by Laisenia Qarase, representing native Fijian interests, and the Fijian Labour Party (FLP), lead by Mahendra Chaudhry, representing Indo-Fijian interests. Following the toppling of Fiji!s first Indian-led government under Mr Chaudhry!s FLP in a "civilian coup" in 2000, an interim government under Mr Qarase was appointed by the military. The courts declared the interim government illegitimate, but Mr Qarase won the ensuing general election in August 2001. The election failed to restore political stability, and the political environment continued to be characterised by bouts of ethnic friction. However, when Mr Qarase was re-elected in May 2006, he took the unprecedented step of inviting nine members of the opposition FLP to join the cabinet in an apparent effort to stabilise a political scene. In December 2006 Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama, the commander of the military, ousted Mr Qarase, who in his view was expanding divisive nationalist policies, in a non-violent coup. Since seizing office, Mr Bainimarama has consolidated his power base by sacking the constitutional body of the Council of Chiefs, as well as several pro-Qarase officials.
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