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Gold-Bearing Minerals: a Link Hub

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Gold-bearing minerals: a link hub Axel Drefahl • [email protected] Last updated: February 11, 2017 Summary Gold occurs in minerals in association with other elements including silver, copper, lead, antimony, sulfur, selenium and tellurium—to name the most common co-elements. Here, I provide an external link hub: a list of gold-bearing minerals, alphabetically ordered by mineral name, with links to web sites offering mineralogical data and further, detailed information. This document is available at: www.axeleratio.com/minerals/AuMineralsLinks.pdf Copyright c 2017 by author. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Licence (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licence/by/4.0/ Keywords. Mineralogy of gold, mineral hub, look-up list. A look-up list with links for gold-bearing minerals Gold-bearing minerals are of economic significance in exploiting gold de- posits. The mode of gold occurrence in ore affects the extractive metallurgy of gold [1, 2]. Since mineralogical factors drive the development of gold assays and metallurgical processes, an organized and reliable access to physical attributes of gold minerals is expedient. The following list of minerals is alphabetically ordered by mineral name. The mineral composition is given by chemical and/or empirical for- mula. The actual percentage of gold deviates from the percentage value derived from ideal stoichiometry, depending on the mineral at hand. The 1 typical gold content in wt% (from Table 2 in [2]) is provided for many minerals at the end of the composition line. The group name characterizes the mineral as gold alloy (inter- metallic alloy or compound) or as compound mineral. In the letter case, the group name is based on the major non-transition-metal constituent(s); for example, sulfotelluride for a minerals rich in sulfur and tellurium. The link list embeds internet links to web pages with data and fur- ther references for the particular mineral. Considered are respective pages of the Handbook of Mineralogy (HdbkMin, http://www. handbookofmineralogy.org/), the MinDat Database (http://www. mindat.org/), the Mineralogy Database (WebMineral, http://www. webmineral.com/) and the online encyclopedia Wikipedia (https:// www.wikipedia.org/). Anyuiite Composition: AuPb2, also Au(Pb,Sb)2 or AuPb1.5Sb0.5; 27-33 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral Auricupride Composition: Cu3Au; 50-56 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral Wikipedia. Aurostibite Composition: AuSb2; 43-51 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Bezsmertnovite (also: Bessmertnovite) Composition: (Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb); 68-88 wt.% Au Group name: Gold lead-telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. 2 Bilibinskite Composition: Au3Cu2Pb · nTeO2; 40-66 wt.% Au Group name: Gold lead-telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Bogdanovite Composition: (Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe); 57-63 wt.% Au Group name: Gold lead-telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Buckhornite Composition: Pb2BiS3(AuTe2); 17 wt.% Au Group name: Gold sulfotelluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Calaverite Composition: AuTe2; 39-44 wt.% Au Group name: gold telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Criddleite Composition: Ag2Au3TlSb10S10; 22-23 wt.% Au Group name: Gold-silver sulfide Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Cuproauride Composition: Cu3Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat. Electrum Composition: (Au,Ag); 50-75 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, Wikipedia. 3 Fischesserite Composition: Ag3AuSe2; about 27.3 wt.% Au Group name: Gold selenite Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Gold, native Composition: Au Group name: Metal element (precious metal) Links: Mindat, WebMineral. Hessite Composition: Ag2Te or (Ag,Au)2Te; less than 15 wt% Au Group name: Silver telluride or silver-gold telluride Links: Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Honeaite Composition: Au3TlTe3 Group name: Gold thallium-telluride Links: Mindat, Wikipedia. Hunchunite Composition: Au2Pb; 62.6 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Jaszczakite Composition: [Bi3S3][AuS2] Group name: Gold bismuth-sulfide Links: Mindat. Jonassonite Composition: Au(Bi,Pb)5S4 Group name: Gold bismuth-sulfide Links: Mindat, WebMineral. 4 Kostovite Composition: AuCuTe4; about 25 wt.% Au Group name: Gold telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Krennerite Composition: Au3AgTe8, (Au,Ag)Te2; 30-44 wt.% Au Group name: Gold telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. K¨ustelite Composition: (Ag,Au), containing leass than 50 wt.% Au, often 10-30 wt.% Au Group name: Silver alloy Links: Mindat. Liujiyinite Composition: Ag3AuS2; 18.6-36 wt.% Au Group name: Gold sulfide Links: only found in Table 3 of [2]. Maldonite Composition: Au2Bi; 63-68 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral. Montbrayite Composition: (Au,Sb)2Te3; 38-45 wt.% Au Group name: Gold telluride Links: Mindat, WebMineral. Museumite Composition: [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] Group name: Gold sulfotelluride Links: Mindat, WebMineral. 5 Muthmannite Composition: AuAgTe2; 23-35 wt.% Au Group name: Gold telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Nagy´agite Composition: [Pb(Pb,Sb)S2][(Au,Te)]; 10 wt.% Au Group name: Gold sulfide (sulfosalt mineral) Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Novodneprite Composition: AuPb3 Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral. Penzhinite Composition: (Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4 Group name: Gold sulfoselenide Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Petrovskaite Composition: AuAg(S,Se); 56-61 wt.% Au Group name: Gold-silver sulfoselenide Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Petzite Composition: Ag3AuTe2; 19-25 wt.% Au Group name: Gold-silver telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Sylvanite Composition: (Au,Ag)2Te4 (Au:Ag ratio usuall is close to 1:1 [see]); 24-30 wt.% Au Group name: Gold-silver telluride Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. 6 Tetra-auricupride Composition: CuAu; 70-76 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: HdbkMin, Mindat, WebMineral. Uytenbogaardtite Composition: Ag3AuS2 Group name: Gold-silver sulfide Links: Mindat, WebMineral, Wikipedia. Weishanite Composition: (Au,Ag)3HgS2, (Au,Ag)1.2HgS0.8; 56.9 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral. Yuanjiangite Composition: AuSn; 62.4 wt.% Au Group name: Gold alloy Links: Mindat, WebMineral. References and further reading [1] Vaughan, J.P.; “The process mineralogy of gold ores: The classification of ore types,” J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. 2004, 56 (7), pp. 46-48. DOI: 10.1007/s11837-004-0092-8 [2] Zhou, J.; Jago, B. and Martin, C.; “Establishing the process mineralogy of gold ores,” SGS Minerals - Technical Bulletin 2004-03. About Axel Axel is a chemist and cheminformatician. His work in chemical data mining and scientific software development is enhanced by his strong interest in min- eralogy and materials design. At Cycladex, he currently develops green pro- cesses to leach precious metals from diverse types of ore and recyclable ma- terials. Also, he is the founder of the CurlySMILES project, promoting the 7 compact encoding and efficient data mining of complex molecular architec- tures. Axel loves to travel and post his outdoor & out-of-town experiences at Trailing Ahead and, for his local fans, at Explore Reno-Tahoe and beyond. 8.
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  • Tetra-Auricupride Aucu C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1

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    Tetra-auricupride AuCu c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Tetragonal. Point Group: 4/m 2/m 2/m. As irregular grains, to 600 µm, commonly striated. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Malleable. Hardness = 1.6 VHN = 294 (20 g load). D(meas.) = n.d. D(calc.) = 14.67 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Golden yellow; copper-red with a yellow tint in reflected light. Luster: Metallic. Anisotropism: Weak, with colors from gray to light gray. R: (405) 44.6, (436) 46.8, (480) 50.3, (526) 55.8, (546) 61.2, (578) 74.4, (589) 76.6, (622) 83.6, (644) 84.9, (656) 85.4, (664) 86.6, (700) 91.3 Cell Data: Space Group: C4/mmm. a = 3.98 3.89??Chem.Abs.?? c = 3.72 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Sardala, China. 2.24 (10), 1.195 (10), 0.797 (9b), 0.877 (7b), 1.125 (6b), 0.832 (6), 1.99 (5) Chemistry: (1) (2) Au 75.18 75.61 Cu 23.74 24.39 Total 98.92 100.00 (1) Sardala, China; by electron microprobe, corresponding to Au1.01Cu0.99. (2) AuCu. Occurrence: In mafic to ultramafic rocks that also contain platinum group elements. Association: Pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, gold, silver, platinum group minerals, magnetite, chromite, tremolite, diopside, serpentine, chlorite, epidote, apatite, zircon. Distribution: From Sardala [Saar-Dala ??syn ck??in 2004 MFG - upper Qingshui River, Malas (Manas?, Marneshi) Co.], Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China [TL]. [??and attribute other statements if additional localiies are accepted] In the [better loc??] Noril’sk region, western Siberia, Russia.
  • Primary Minerals of the Jáchymov Ore District

    Primary Minerals of the Jáchymov Ore District

    Journal of the Czech Geological Society 48/34(2003) 19 Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district Primární minerály jáchymovského rudního revíru (237 figs, 160 tabs) PETR ONDRU1 FRANTIEK VESELOVSKÝ1 ANANDA GABAOVÁ1 JAN HLOUEK2 VLADIMÍR REIN3 IVAN VAVØÍN1 ROMAN SKÁLA1 JIØÍ SEJKORA4 MILAN DRÁBEK1 1 Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, CZ-118 21 Prague 1 2 U Roháèových kasáren 24, CZ-100 00 Prague 10 3 Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, V Holeovièkách 41, CZ-182 09, Prague 8 4 National Museum, Václavské námìstí 68, CZ-115 79, Prague 1 One hundred and seventeen primary mineral species are described and/or referenced. Approximately seventy primary minerals were known from the district before the present study. All known reliable data on the individual minerals from Jáchymov are presented. New and more complete X-ray powder diffraction data for argentopyrite, sternbergite, and an unusual (Co,Fe)-rammelsbergite are presented. The follow- ing chapters describe some unknown minerals, erroneously quoted minerals and imperfectly identified minerals. The present work increases the number of all identified, described and/or referenced minerals in the Jáchymov ore district to 384. Key words: primary minerals, XRD, microprobe, unit-cell parameters, Jáchymov. History of mineralogical research of the Jáchymov Chemical analyses ore district Polished sections were first studied under the micro- A systematic study of Jáchymov minerals commenced scope for the identification of minerals and definition early after World War II, during the period of 19471950. of their relations. Suitable sections were selected for This work was aimed at supporting uranium exploitation. electron microprobe (EMP) study and analyses, and in- However, due to the general political situation and the teresting domains were marked.