finalcovertoprint_Layout115/11/201215:32Page1 ANNUAL REVIEW ANNUAL 2010 / 2011 11 12 Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann / Royal Irish Academy • Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann

Cover image: Based on an archaeological drawing of the double-ditched enclosure phase of occupation at Tomb 1 at Knowth, Co. Meath. June 2012 marked the 50th anniversary of the programme of archaeological excavations at Knowth, under the direction of Professor George Eogan, MRIA, and the publication of volume 5 in the Royal Irish Academy’s series of monographs presenting the findings from the excavations.

I Follow us on I RA Royalwww.ria.ie Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, 2. Tel: +353 1 676 2570 RA RIA

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VOICES IN THE ETHER: IRISH NATIONAL LANGUAGES WRITING STRATEGY on the ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY NATIONAL COMMITTEE RADIO FOR MODERN LANGUAGE, LITERARY SH GILLIAN MCINTO AND CULTURAL STUDIES OHN BOWMAN • IBHEAR WALSHE SEAMUS HEANEY • J ORKMAN •E SIMON W BHRIAIN LENNON • OIREANN NÍ HILARY HEPBURN • D AUGUST 2011 ALLAN NÍ ANLUAIN CHRIS MORASH • CLÍODHNA RAN STEPHEN DOUDS • ANNE DEVLIN • OR • MAL ACHY MO •A NNE O’CONN PAT B ORAN 2 1 0 2 RIA COMMITTEE FOR LITERATURES IN ENGLISH –3 2 February

RIA RIA

THE RIA HAMILTON LECTURE E RE .I - GI IA STE .R 2011 R O W NLI WW NE F S AT OR FREE TICKET

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PROFESSORINSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED EDWARD STUDY, PRINCETON • FIELDS WITTEN MEDALLIST

REFLECTIONS ON CRISIS QUANTUM The role of the public intellectual OF edited by Mary P. Corcoran and Kevin Lalor THEORY KNOTS 17 October 2011@ 7.30pm BURKE LECTURE THEATRE,

RIA

ITION XHIB AT E TH AN E R OY AL DEMY uu IRISH ACA

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u u u  15 February: THE SECOND DRAFT OF  7 March: ‘ASWILDASANYTHINGIN HISTORY: THE HALIDAY PAMPHLETS AND ROMANCE’: AND RADICAL DANIEL O’CONNELL. RESPONSES TO THE UNION, 1800-1803 FREE Kevin Whelan, Keough-Naughton Notre Dame Patrick Geoghegan, Trinity College Dublin Centre, Dublin  14 March: WITNESSING THE RISING OF LUNCHTIME  22 February: ONE MAN AND HIS : 1641 THROUGH THE HALIDAY PAMPHLETS CHARLES HALIDAY’SPAMPHLETCOLLECTION Nicholas Canny, MRIA LECTURES Sophie Evans, Library, RIA  21 March: TROUBLING TIMES – Wednesdays, 1-2pm,  29 February: REVOLUTION, REBELLION PAMPHLETS OF THE ‘TROUBLES’ AT THE Meeting Room, Royal Irish Academy, AND UNION: IN THE 1790S LINEN HALL LIBRARY, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2. Dáire Keogh, Saint Patrick’s College, DCU John Killen, Librarian, Linen Hall, Belfast

in conjuntion with FROM CROMWELL to CHOLERA a HISTORY of IRELAND FROM THE PAMPHLET COLLECTION OF Issues of Higher Education Institutional Governance CHARLES HALIDAY Opening Hours: Mon–Fri 10am–5pm. ADMISSION FREE GROUPS BY APPOINTMENT. EMAIL: [email protected] OR PHONE 01 6090620 www.ria.ie RIA Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:28Page1

selected achievements

National Languages Strategy Publication of ‘ ’ policy report

Issues of Policy submission for the Department of Education and Skills: ‘ Higher Education Institutional Governance ’

Irish Historic Town Atlas, no. 24, Sligo by Fióna Gallagher and Marie-Louise Legg

Irish Writing on the Radio Conference: ‘ ’

The AngloIrish Treaty e-Book from DIFP and DHO:

online archive of Irish Language Texts FNG

Reflections on Crisis : The role of the public intellectual edited by Mary Corcoran and Kevin Lalor

Introduction to News Media for Seminar: ‘ Ireland s Geoscientists ’ ’

masterclasses Inaugural series of with Nobel laureates: Peter Doherty and James Watson

Publication, in collaboration with the Dublin 1911 National Archives of Ireland, of

St Patrick s Confessio Hypertext Stack Project Launch of the ’ website: http://www.confessio.ie

Irish Foreign Policy New textbook: edited by Ben Tonra, Michael Kennedy, John Doyle and Noel Dorr

From Cromwell to Cholera Library Exhibition: ‘ ’, based on the pamphlets and tracts collected by Charles Haliday (c. 1789–1866) Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:28Page2 Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:28Page3

4 Change and Continuity CONTENTS 9 Welcome Message from the Acting Director 10 Funding Fundamental Research 17 Ranking Metrics: The Controversy and a Possible Reconciliation 22 Terrorism, Torture and Memory 28 New Members 36 Distinctions Conferred on Members 38 A Year in View 42 Remembering Paddy Buckley 46 Bereavements 47 Academy Committees Report 50 Discourse List 51 Policy Report 55 Research Projects 66 Library Report 71 Publications Report 77 Mobility Grants 78 Appendices Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:28Page4

CHANGE

LUKE DRURY AND President CONTINUITY

ooking back on slightly more I am firmly convinced that now is not Lthan a year as President of the the time for a bland and insipid Academy I have very mixed strategic review, dressed up in the fash- feelings. This year was overshadowed by ionable jargon of management the tragic illness and death of Executive consultancy. What is needed is a deep Secretary Paddy Buckley, whose loss is and thoughtful analysis of the still keenly felt throughout the Academy’s role, informed by history, Academy. I am very grateful to Mary and drawing on international experi- Daly for contributing a moving ence; for this reason I am delighted that obituary of Paddy to this review, see we have secured a person of such dis- pages 42–5. It was strangely appropri- tinction as the philosopher and former ate though, that the week which began President of the British Academy, with Paddy’s funeral should end with Baroness Onora O’Neill, to chair the the admission day for new members. As review. The Academy owes her and her individuals we come and go, but the fellow members of the strategic review Academy goes on as long as we are group a great debt of gratitude. I would prepared to work, as Paddy always was, also like to thank the many members of at keeping it where it has been for over the Academy who have submitted input two-hundred years—at the heart of to the review process. intellectual and civic life in Ireland. As discussed last year, this cannot ever be There have, of course, been many taken for granted, and it is important positive aspects to the year, especially a that the Academy continuously reviews greater involvement with the its purpose and role, especially, as now, Department of Education and Skills, in times of crisis. The current strategic which led to a direct invitation from review of the Academy should be seen Minister Ruairí Quinn to submit a in this light. working paper on issues of third-level

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governance. I am deeply grateful to the family, the life of the Academy would many members and staff of the be much less exciting. A particular Academy who contributed to this highlight was of course the participa- paper. Of necessity it had to be rather tion of the Academy in the Euroscience general, and our aim was to clarify the Open Forum (ESOF 2012) and the City evidence base (which is surprisingly of Science festival and the excitement thin) and give some broad principles- and enthusiasm that generated. based advice to the minister, reflecting—in as much as this is Despite these positives, the Academy, as possible—the voice of the academic is the case with all publicly supported community. It would be inappropriate bodies, continues to suffer from head- for the Academy, I feel, to make specific count and budget cutbacks, which are detailed recommendations in this area, proving increasingly difficult to manage. but I think the report was a useful con- I am enormously grateful to the staff, tribution to the debate. The associated who have shown admirable flexibility discussion meeting was stimulating, and and have in many cases taken on sub- at times provocative, including the key- stantial additional work-loads and note address by Rektor Lauritz B. responsibilities on a voluntary basis. Holm-Nielsen of Aarhus University in Clearly this situation cannot carry on Denmark. The meeting underlined indefinitely, and I am concerned that we once again the unique and valuable are becoming exposed to increased risk facility that Academy House represents in many areas of our operations. This is as an independent, neutral space for yet another reason why the strategic such discussions. review is so important. I am hopeful it will give us the arguments to fight I have also greatly enjoyed the many against these cuts by demonstrating how launches and public events associated the Academy can play its part in the with the Academy, its projects and its necessary regeneration of Irish society. committees. These are too numerous to This must be as much in cultural values mention individually, but they are a and in political and civic ethics as in the great tribute to the energy and dedica- economy. I have always felt strongly that tion of all the projects and staff, as well the emphasis on the ‘smart economy’ is as the broader network of Academy misplaced, and that the discussion committees (see the Selected should be on building a ‘smart society’, Achievements section on page 1 and the out of which a smart economy will Year in View on pages 38–41 for more naturally emerge. To attempt to build a details of these events). The committees smart economy without embedding it in in particular are of vital importance, as a smart society is a dangerous, and ulti- they extend the reach of the Academy mately a futile, exercise. Indeed, one beyond the membership and into the could make a strong argument that what wider community. Without the active is needed is not just a smart society, but participation of this whole extended a smart and ethical society.

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This leads me naturally to one of my attitude also poses for research in the major concerns at the moment: the humanities and the social sciences. excessively utilitarian view of research, Ultimately, the Academy is called on to exemplified by the research prioritisa- defend what should be one of its core tion exercise. The actual research values—the importance of all excellent prioritisation report is in fact better research without regard to immediate than its reputation and usefully distin- utility. Fundamentally, it seems to me, guishes between three types of this feeds back into the point I made research, each of which it affirms is above, about the need to build a smart worthy of support.1 These are: research society. Excellence in curiosity-driven for applications, research for policy and research, perceived as a public good for research for knowledge. To this I would the benefit of all, along with excellence add a fourth category, more appropri- in the closely allied creative arts, are ate to the humanities, which is research among the key components in building a for understanding. smart society. The The problem is that bright and innova- the whole discus- ...research for tive people who sion has been knowledge and for will drive a smart framed in such a understanding economy flourish way that research (typical of curiosity- best in a smart for applications and society where cre- research for policy driven research) are ativity, whether in are automatically implicitly downgraded the humanities, the given a preferential as devoid of sciences or the status in terms of immediate impact. arts, is fostered and perceived recognised. If we economic impact, can nudge Irish whereas research for knowledge and society towards having more respect for for understanding (typical of curiosity- scholarship, a greater appreciation of driven research) are implicitly critical understanding and an increased downgraded as devoid of immediate ability to evaluate evidence, then we impact. This should be deeply worrying will have gone some way in helping to to the Academy. create this smart society (it may actually only need a little shove because of the Of course, it is impossible to ignore the strong nonlinearities and positive hard facts that the economy is in dire feedbacks between all the creative straits, that money is tight and that sectors). It is a delicate argument, and priorities have to be set. The Science we must be careful not to be seen as Secretary gives a useful discussion of self-serving, ivory-tower academics, this issue as it affects the natural sciences but not to engage with the argument is in his contribution to the Annual to risk being seen by future generations Review this year, but it would be a grave as having committed another trahison mistake to ignore the danger this des clercs.

1 Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation and Forfás, ‘Report of the Research Prioritisation Project Steering Group’, Dublin 2011. The full text of the report is available at: http://www.forfas.ie/media/ffs20120301-Research_Prioritisation_ Exercise_Report.pdf.

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LAURA MAHONEY A Welcome message from ,Acting Director

t has been a very sad year for all staff Iand Members of the Academy as we mourn the loss of our dear friend and colleague, Paddy Buckley. I am grateful to Mary Daly for writing for this review to honour Paddy’s immeasurable contribution to the Academy over so many years. I had the great privilege to have Paddy as my boss, mentor and friend for fourteen of those years. During Paddy’s illness I was appointed to the role of acting director of the Academy in November 2010, having previously held the posts of Head of Research Programmes and International Affairs and Head of Administration.

As is the case for all organisations dependent on state funding, we are facing very challenging times, and I extend my sincere thanks to all the Academy staff who are working and achieving above and beyond the limitations of current resources. I also acknowledge the support and commitment of the officers and the committee members, whose time, energy and expertise ensure that the Academy continues to achieve. The scope of the output detailed in this review—our first e- books, substantial policy submissions, major public events, best-selling publica- tions, ground-breaking archival work and cutting-edge research—speaks of the breadth and depth of what we do. Our mission, as we prepare our next Strategic Review, is to ensure that we develop a narrative of an Academy that is more than the sum of these excellent parts. Resources may mean we cannot always do more, but we always strive to do better.

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FUNDING FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

EUGENE KENNEDY Science Secretary

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esearch develops individuals in while providing essential ongoing Rterms of creativity, analytical support for growing commercialisation skills and teamwork. It is efforts. Funding of high-quality basic international in intensity and scope and research was stressed as essential for requires leading-edge thinking and the well-being and sustainability of an facilities. It underpins the recruitment overall research ecosystem. This partic- and retention of first-class staff, and ular message found a strong resonance optimises the contribution of universi- among the Irish research community. ties and research institutes to Recent developments such as the economic, cultural and social develop- National Research Prioritisation ment. Developing and maintaining a Exercise,1 the merging of the Research fully integrated research funding Councils and newly emerging guide- system, which addresses short-term lines in relation to intellectual needs while also providing for longer- property, combined with an enhanced term possibilities fuelled through emphasis on near-term economic fundamental research, is now recog- impacts, have raised unease because of nised as an essential part of an advanced an apparent associated reduction in country’s infrastructure for interna- support for fundamental research. tional competitiveness. In his introduction to the National The very successful European Science Research Prioritisation Exercise, the Open Forum (ESOF 2012) event at the Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and International Convention Centre in Innovation, , TD, stated Dublin during July and the year-long ‘The government recognises the critical programme of events spread through- role of research for policy-making and out the country has provided a unique the fundamental role of research for opportunity to communicate the knowledge. However, we must target ongoing successes of Irish science to a the majority of future investment in wide audience. ESOF 2012 proved to research, development and innovation be the biggest scientific conference held in order to ensure that we get the in this year, attracting more greatest economic return for our than 4500 delegates, delivering out- investment. We must target that invest- standing key-note addresses and events ment on areas that are most likely to covering multiple scientific themes, and create economic value and jobs’.2 The offering major careers and policy days. government is to be congratulated on It was particularly noteworthy through- continuing to build on the last twelve out ESOF that many of the visiting years’ investments in science and tech- scientists emphasised the strategic nology programmes, by largely importance of funding fundamental maintaining overall funding for research research in terms of developing new in the face of severe national constraints insights and breakthroughs, potentially and the attendant austerity measures. leading to longer-term innovations, Major funders such as Science

1 Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation and Forfás, ‘Report of the Research Priorisation Project Steering Group’, Dublin 2011. The full text of the report is available at: http://www.forfas.ie/media/ffs20120301-Research_ Prioritisation_ Exercise_Report.pdf. 2 Richard Bruton, ‘Minister’s foreword’, in ‘Report of the Research Priorisation Project Steering Group’.

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Framework Programmes also con- tribute to the overall research support It is this synergistic system. interaction between research and It is absolutely correct to expect that education that is one research should translate to societal and economic impacts, but this expectation of the strongest should not be restricted to a short-term drivers of future commercialisation agenda, important as success. that undoubtedly is. A key ingredient is the ongoing provision of creative, highly skilled, motivated and confident young individuals who not alone Foundation Ireland (SFI) and provide effective technology transfer, Enterprise Ireland (EI) lie within the but also have developed entrepreneurial Department of Jobs, Enterprise and talents. It is this synergistic interaction Innovation (DJEI) while the Irish between research and education that is Research Council, for example, is one of the strongest drivers of future within the Department of Education success. This synergy requires that the and Skills (DES). DJEI is concerned DEJI and DES research-funding strate- primarily with employment and inno- gies be complementary, to ensure that vation, while the DES concentrates on both departments’ strategic needs are the education of our young people; met within an overall balanced increasingly, the goal is to educate job research-funding system that recognises creators rather than job seekers. Other the need to show near-term economic departments fund research in particu- impacts in parallel with supporting lar sectors such as agricultural, high-quality, fundamental research and environmental, energy, etc. The IDA developing excellent young increasingly emphasises the impor- researchers. The importance of tance of the national research system research for the higher-education in underpinning and enhancing the sector is evidenced in the National presence in Ireland of multi-national Strategy for Higher Education to 2030.3 enterprises (MNEs). The build up of Funding excellent people with critical mass research teams in excellent ideas, whether basic or strategic areas has been an important applied, should continue to be a enabler in recruiting foreign direct primary driver for agencies. Ireland has investment through new companies succeeded in attracting and developing locating in Ireland, and through the true international leaders in research. retention and up-skilling of existing Continuing to do so and retaining those MNEs. The work of other national already here requires a steady vision agencies such as the Health Research and implementation where it is clear Board, Environmental Protection that outstanding people have a reason- Agency, Teagasc and the Marine able chance of national funding. Institute and participation in EU

3 Department of Education and Skills, ‘National Strategy for Higher Education to 2030. Report of the Strategy Group’, Dublin 2011. The full text of the report is available at: http://www.hea.ie/files/files/DES_Higher_Ed_Main_Report.pdf.

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The recent ‘Sustaining Research Centres’ report from Forfás uses terms ranging from ‘pure’ through ‘user inspired’, to ‘pre-competitive’ and ‘applied R&D’ to describe the overall research pipeline.4 It is clear that by supporting large-scale critical mass teams the requisite infrastructures underpinning internationally competi- tive science can be maintained and exploited effectively. The Higher Education Authority has supported key infrastructural developments through the formation of strategic Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions centres, while SFI has supported the development of Strategic Research Clusters and flagship Centres for Science and Technology, and most recently EI/IDA have developed the industry-led Technology Centres programme. The Forfás report describes the development of a typology of research centres and emphasises the need for greater focus on further consolidation of centres, to allow a balance between sustaining core research strengths and enabling enhanced commercial exploitation.

There is an interesting alternative way of looking at funding priorities, also referred to within the Forfás Research Centres report. Figure 1 shows a simpli- fied version of the so-called ‘Pasteur’s Quadrant’ diagram.5 The bottom-right quadrant shows Danish physicist Niels Bohr, famous for his original discovery of the quantum nature of the atom. His work stemmed from the essential curiosity of the scientist in understand-

4 Forfás and the Advisory Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, ‘Sustainability of Research Centres’, Dublin 2012. The complete report is available at: http://www.forfas.ie/publication/search.jsp?ft=/publications/2012/ title,9388,en.php. 5 Donald E Stokes, Pasteur’s Quadrant—Basic Science and Technological Innovation (Brookings Institution Press, 1997).

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ing nature—knowledge for its own should be the overall balance across the sake. The top-left quadrant shows Pasteur’s Quadrant diagram? It is clear Thomas Edison the prolific American that the brunt of spending in the top- inventor; it is fair to say he was driven left quadrant should be by the private primarily by near-term commercialisa- sector, as the rewards are expected to tion concerns and less by a quest for be more immediate and commercial. fundamental understanding. The top- The most likely partner to potentially right quadrant shows French chemist benefit should pay the bulk of the com- and microbiologist Louis Pasteur, repre- mercialisation-funding requirement. senting research fundamental in nature Public money should be targeted at the but motivated by clear societal needs. parts of the overall system that the This Pasteur’s Quadrant diagram view is private sector is unlikely to provide. particularly interesting as it focuses on Public money should not displace people rather than parts of the research private money. This logic argues that chain and identifies different types of public money should, therefore, scientists, each of whom was outstand- primarily support both of the right- ing in his own way but with different hand quadrants, while leveraging the driving motivations. private sector for the top-left quadrant. The balance across the diagram can understandably depend on national financial circumstances but should always include the possibility of funding the potential ‘Niels Bohrs’ Thomas Edison Louis Pasteur of the system.

Broadly speaking, EI funding concen- trates on the top-left quadrant by supporting commercialisation-oriented researchers. SFI for its first decade con- centrated on funding excellent scientists primarily within the two right-hand side Pasteur and Bohr Niels Bohr quadrants. In implementing the Research Prioritisation Strategy, SFI funding is now, as a result of the removal of the Research Frontiers programme, moving its focus away from the Bohr quadrant and towards the two top quadrants. A growing emphasis on Pasteur’s quadrant by SFI When considering the use of public is understandable, bearing in mind its money to support research what parent department and the government

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focus on jobs. Reducing the SFI spend biotechnology, and later including in Bohr’s quadrant, however, has conse- energy-related research, had provided quences for the overall national funding SFI with a vehicle to support blue-skies system. This curiosity driven quadrant research. Impact statements were can often lead to the greatest impact in important, but were judged in parallel the long term. The discoveries by Bohr with excellence as determined through regarding the structure and nature of international review. One implication atoms and quantum theory led to the of the research prioritisation exercise, development of quantum mechanics, catalysed by the cessation of the which underpins all our current devel- Research Frontiers Programme, has opments in new materials and been that SFI applications are being nanotechnology. Even in terms of refused on ‘administrative grounds’ in Pasteur’s area of biology and medical the absence of any review of their sci- science the implications of Bohr’s dis- entific excellence. coveries have been immense, and most modern medical advances are under- I would argue that supporting outstand- pinned by new discoveries and ing individuals or teams in the three key techniques enabled by a fundamental parts of the quadrant diagram is understanding of nature based on essential for a well-founded and sus- quantum mechanics. Many of the tainable integrated research ecosystem. exploitation opportunities in Ireland What separates impact across the three today originated as fundamental key quarters is essentially time scale. research programmes, during which Com mercialisation of research can lag essential understanding and expertise behind the underlying fundamental were developed. research by many years. High-quality fundamental research is, however, key While the new Irish Research Council, to developing the initial commercialisa- within DES, indicates that excellence tion opportunity and to underpinning will continue to be the sole criterion its ongoing renewal and optimisation. It for funding, and that all areas of is noteworthy that the EU, through research will be considered, the lower Horizon 2020, its framework funding currently available to the programme for research and innova- Council (~20% of SFI levels) implies tion, will increase the funding going to that if SFI continues to move away from the European Research Council (ERC) funding fundamental research based on area, which is all about supporting intrinsic excellence, as recent develop- excellent individuals with excellent ments strongly suggest, then a serious ideas. For Ireland to enhance its success imbalance may result. The Research within the ERC programme, the Frontiers Programme, although always national research funding system must restricted to funding research under- support our best and brightest so that pinning the areas of information and they can compete successfully. communication technology and

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Despite its crucial role within the Research Council within DES could be overall research funding system, SFI has an important mechanism for ensuring not escaped the blunt instrument of the that a better balance is maintained in Employment Control Framework. The the event of diminishing DEJI resources agency has lost key staff and has for basic research. recently restructured. The merging of the Research Frontiers Programme into Excellent individuals have a high prob- the Principal Investigator programme ability of creating an impact, whether may have been motivated by resource reputational or economic. Both are shortfalls, in terms of managing pro- important for Ireland’s future and are grammes, rather than by any real policy often inter-linked. Excellent people driver. It may be a should never feel case of resources excluded from the driving policy ...continuing support national system of rather than policy for our brightest and research funding. driving resources. best researchers Individual scien- If this is so, it may must remain as a tists may well fit be expedient but is more closely potentially central tenet within within different damaging to the the overall national sections of the overall national system Pasteur’s research interest. Quadrant diagram In launching the throughout their Research Prioritisation Plan the gov- career. Successful applications- ernment announced the establishment oriented research will be underpinned of a Prioritisation Action Group (PAG), by high-quality fundamental research. chaired by Minister Sean Sherlock, TD, The primary driver for funding, to oversee implementation of the rec- therefore, needs to be the quality of ommendations of the report.6 the recipient and his/her ideas no Membership of the group includes all matter what part of the diagram they government agencies responsible for primarily occupy at the time of research budgets and their parent applying for funding. Research priori- departments. I would suggest that tisation may be understandable in operation of the PAG should include view of Ireland’s need for near-term maintaining an overview of how economic impact, but continuing funding of fundamental research support for our brightest and best operates across departments, particu- researchers must remain as a central larly between DEJI and DES. Increasing tenet within the overall national the funding available to the new Irish system.

6 Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, ‘Government’s plan to target core €500million research budget at turning good ideas into good jobs’, Press release, 1 March 2012; the text of the release is available at: http://www.djei.ie/ press/2012/20120301.htm.

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RANKING NICHOLAS CANNY The METRICS: controversy and a possible reconciliation

n this age of austerity it is unsur- or in research, or in both. Their Iprising that some political figures, seeming confidence in the system is educational policy-makers and further underlined by their inclination journalists in Ireland are requiring to favour for career advancement Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) those academics who fare well in the to provide evidence that they are various bibliometric indices calculated giving value for the public money by the international agencies. being invested in them. The facile way to do so is to track the positions Professors and lecturers in Irish HEIs assigned to Ireland’s institutions in the have long been accustomed to international league tables of HEIs reporting on their extra-classroom compiled by various agencies through professional endeavours in annual a process of quantification. The heads presidents’ or provosts’ reports, and of Ireland’s HEIs seem so enthusiastic those who question the stratagems for this that they even boast publicly of being favoured for measuring institu- the heights to which their particular tional and individual academic institutions have risen whenever they performance are not necessarily are on an upward trajectory, and averse to giving accounts of the attribute any slippage to shortfalls in money being invested in them and public investment in higher education, their institutions. Their concern,

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rather, is with the scientific validity of academics. It seemed for a time that the methods being employed by the U-Multirank, a HEI ranking system international citation and ranking proposed and promoted by the EU, agencies, and the purposes to which would devise assessment procedures the compilations of these agencies are more suited to European realities than being put by authorities in Ireland. those employed by the various global Among their concerns is that efforts ranking agencies. These expectations to measure the performance of indi- have, however, been dashed by the viduals and institutions are being conclusion of the influential League of conflated. European Research Universities (LERU) that the methods being The principal criticism of the interna- employed by U-Multirank suffer from tional ranking of HEIs is that the the same shortcomings as those of the various league tables are not global ranking agencies. For this comparing like with reason LERU has like, and no amount decided ‘not to of manipulation of ...various league engage further’ with statistical data can tables are not U-Multirank, which cater for the suggests that Irish extreme variations comparing like institutions should that exist between with like, and no not do so either.1 different institutions amount of in different countries The fundamental in such matters as manipulation of objections to all income and infra- statistical data can ranking systems structure; the cater for the proposed to date is preparedness of extreme variations that they rely exces- incoming students sively on for academic work; that exist... bibliometrics, which the professor/ can measure the student ratio; the range in the respon- quantity more reliably than the sibilities of academic staff; and the quality of publications, and that they mix of academic disciplines repre- make insufficient use of peer review. sented within institutions. Another The defenders of the systems counter widely shared objection to academic that they take a measure of quality by performance calculation is that it designating a rank order of esteem to gives undue emphasis to research the international journals associated activity, possibly because this seems with each academic discipline. The amenable to more precise enumera- only scholars who seem persuaded, tion than any other academic pursuit. however, are those in the biological Such emphasis, it is frequently and life sciences, who concede that suggested, necessarily downgrades the articles appearing in Science and Nature importance of the educational and should be accorded greater respect administrative contributions of than those in any other publication.

1 LERU, ‘Research universities and research assessment’, (Leuven, May 2012), clause 30, p. 10. The full text of the report is available at: http://www.leru.org/files/publications/LERU_PP_2012_May_Research_Assesment.pdf.

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They also contend that the citation calculation has become obsolete even life of papers in their disciplines is before it has won scholarly accept- short and therefore measurable. In ance, because it fails to take account other disciplines there is less of new media publications and agreement concerning what are the practice-based research, each of more effective and prestigious outlets which is gaining respect and accept- for disseminating research findings. ance in several of their disciplines. Then where scholars can agree that journals are the prime outlets, they Anxiety over the use of bibliometrics cannot reach a consensus on the rank as a sole tool to measure research per- order of journals formance has been associated with their The more difficulty compounded by subject. The more there is on the institutional difficulty there is on response in reaching consensus reaching consensus Ireland to the on a rank order of on a rank order of expectation of esteem for research esteem for research some politicians dissemination and policy-makers outlets in any dissemination that a distinction research domain, outlets in any be drawn between the more criticism research domain, frontier research there is of the relia- the more criticism and research that bility of scores is likely to lead to arrived at through there is of the technological calculation alone. reliability of scores innovation. These This explains why, arrived at through figures are usually on this issue, concerned with scholars in humani- calculation alone targeting funding ties disciplines are at towards research the opposite pole from those in the activity that is likely to produce tech- life sciences and why they voice prin- nological innovation and, with it, cipled objections to metrification on jobs. While they dispute the feasibility two main grounds: first, because the of drawing a sharp distinction citation data being assembled do not between research and innovation, adequately take account of book pub- researchers in all HEIs in Ireland have lications, which are vital to several sought to satisfy this political expecta- humanities disciplines; and second, tion by co-operating willingly with because the citation life of a worthy technology transfer officers (TTOs) publication in the humanities domain to test for market any possible can be closer to 80 years than to the practical technological applications brief interlude customarily allowed they might identify in the course of for by citation indices in their calcula- their research. Also, where it seems tions. Humanities scholars also appropriate, they seek to patent for contend that academic performance these applications. The more

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fortunate have also moved from academics raises the ultimate listing patents to establishing start-up nightmare: that our educational companies, again usually with advice policy-makers will be persuaded that from TTOs or government agencies. a computer-enabled research excel- Most researchers in Ireland, however, lence framework (REF) on-the-cheap as in other countries, are driven by is possible for Ireland. Such an enter- curiosity rather than by a desire to prise would take account only of reach the market, and they know that research funding raised, patents they can no more foretell where the listed, spin-outs registered and biblio- next major technological innovation metrics. Such a survey would then, as will happen than scientists of earlier in the UK, where a much more generations were able to discern how sophisticated and more expensive base metal might be turned into gold. REF obtains, determine which HEIs and which research domains would For active researchers, therefore, and receive government funding. for anybody who looks objectively at Ireland’s research strategy, the most As I see it, we can escape from some disconcerting recent development is such scenario only if the that some heads of Ireland’s HEIs— heads of our HEIs clearly with a view to negotiating desist from their continued public funding for research game playing in their particular institutions—offer and bland assurances that investment in research today will result in a specific number of jobs tomorrow. The issuance of such canards from respected

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pronounce instead (ideally collec- be given an opportunity to provide a tively) on the long-term value to brief narrative (in the space of 250 society of investment in research, words) of how each had contributed which is the only means of gaining to the creation and dissemination of access to new knowledge and of new knowledge over the previous five learning how to use that knowledge years. Such an exercise would, in my to the country’s, and the world’s, opinion, broaden the understanding of advantage. At the same time they what a researcher is; induce a broader might promote, within each institu- spread of academic staff to identify tion, a more broadly based assessment with the research missions of their of research activity than currently several institutions; and, when added exists. This would use an appropriate to the other data compiled, convey mix of methods (including peer the best possible understanding of review) that would take account of how each HEI in Ireland is promoting disciplinary peculiarities. Such a societal good through research and survey would also harvest informa- the dissemination of the findings that tion on research activity on a result from that research. Taken much broader front than in together, these reports would convey current practice. to the world some understanding of Lecturers and pro- the unique character of Ireland’s fessors would HEIs, which may prove more valuable then also than any calculus on where they stand in some dubious world ranking.

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TERRORISM, TORTURE RICHARD ENGLISH AND MEMORY* Does terrorism work?

he politics of Ireland and Britain Provisional IRA bring its long war Thave accustomed scholars, finally to an end, but the same month politicians and publics alike to saw the 7/7 attacks bring a new kind of reflection on terrorism. The ‘T’ word terrorist threat bloodily to London. has not always been popular. Non-state groups carrying out political violence Central to the literature on non-state have understandably rejected its con- terrorists is the finding that they tend demnatory connotations. As the to be as rational and normal as other Brighton Bomber, Patrick Magee, put it people. So, the calculations they make to me some years ago, the term in deciding to pursue terrorist, rather terrorist is ‘debased currency’, ‘more than more peaceful, methods of often applied tendentiously or pejora- bringing about political change require tively, not to explain or clarify but to explanation in terms of what they think obscure’. they can practically achieve. Many terrorist memoirs and interviews That said, the term is not about to contain evidence that those who engage disappear. Nor is the phenomenon in terrorism consider their violence the itself. For while particular terrorist only effective means of achieving campaigns come to an end, terrorism as necessary change. a method does not. July 2005 saw the

*To recognise United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture on 26 June 2013, the Academy will be hosting a joint discourse on the issue of torture. The event will take an inter- disciplinary approach, with Professor Richard English, director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at St Andrews University, looking at the topic from the point of view of a political scientist; while Shane O’Mara, director of Trinity College Dublin’s Institute of Neuroscience, will be looking at the neurological effect that torture has on the brain. Here they discuss their research.

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But are they right in this conviction? (such as prisoner release) does not seem to me to suggest emphatic One challenge would be to say that terrorist success, given the failure of there were and are methods other than some other key goals behind Palestinian the bomb and the gun available in most campaigns. situations. Another is to ask whether terrorism actually works in practice, My current research project asks the and there is now a growing scholarly question Does terrorism work? by trying literature on the subject. The academic to establish the many ways in which, at world is, as ever, divided here. Some different levels (individual, sub-group, scholars (such as Audrey Cronin and group-organisational), terrorism might Max Abrahms) have argued forcibly that be judged effective, and by then terrorists overwhelmingly fail to attempting to assess this, in historical achieve their central strategic goals.1 and local context, across a set of case Others (such as Alan Dershowitz and studies before offering a synoptic and Robert Pape) have stressed instead the nuanced conclusion. Terrorism might efficacy of terrorist violence.2 The con- work in the sense of achieving a central, tributions of scholars such as these have headline goal; or by gaining publicity been very important, but there seems for a cause; by achieving revenge on to me to be a need for us to address in a enemies; by prompting an opponent different way the question of whether into counter-productive policies; by terrorism works. We need to approach securing money or prestige or power the subject more as an historian would for individuals; by achieving partial do: assessing the many ways in which realisation of the full objective; sustain- we can judge terrorism to have worked, ing a struggle or ideology or tradition; seen simultaneously against the closely by establishing that your own wing of a read background of historical experi- cause eclipses others—or by some ence. To say, as does Abrahms, that combination of these and other terrorism does not work because it successes that make the tactic seem tends not to achieve its central goals attractive. Seen in context, the key seems to me to set the bar of success question is whether the combination of very high. How many organisations these successes seems more or less have achieved their central goals as set alluring than the available alternatives at out in manifestos and proclamations the given historical time. (the Roman Catholic Church? Fianna Fáil? the ?); yet clearly The answer will be less simply pleasing there have been important achieve- than a yes or no. But it will be based on ments and successes sustaining people’s rich, first-hand evidence, and on contex- continued engagement with these tual assessment of the complex manner projects. Equally, for Dershowitz to say in which terrorism does—and/or does that Palestinian terrorism has succeeded not—actually work when one examines by achieving fame and some lesser goals it historically.

1 See, for example, Audrey Kurth Cronin, How terrorism ends: understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns (Princeton University Press, 2009); or Max Abrahms, ‘Why terrorism does not work’, International Security 31, (2) (Fall 2006), 42–78. 2 See Alan M. Derschowitz, Why terrorism works: understanding the threat, responding to the challenge (Yale University Press 2003); or Robert A. Pape, Dying to win: the strategic logic of suicide terrorism (Random House, 2006).

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TERRORISM, TORTURE AND MEMORY How does the brain make SHANE O MARA memories? ’

ur memory is remarkable: to ence of memory gives meaning and con- Otake a simple example, we can tinuity to our lives. and do learn our own names before we acquire expressive language, This central research question can be and we retain this information perhaps rephrased in other, more technical, 100 years later (unless we have suffered ways: How are memories encoded by neurons some form of serious brain insult). This in the brain? How is this encoding affected is an astonishing feat of memory given by psychiatric or other conditions? Perhaps the range of experience and change the most important and general (development, education, maturation, hypothesis within the field is that senescence) that a brain undergoes over memories are encoded as a result of such an extended time period. How can changes in the strengths of connections your brain, my brain—indeed any between brain cells. This is generally brain—perform such an astonishing recognised as Hebb’s hypothesis: that feat? This is the question that I grapple the connections (synapses) between with. I summarise my research brain cells (neurons) are plastic.3 This interests, therefore, as the attempt to means they may change as the direct answer this question: How does the brain result of learning, disease or other con- make memories?This is a difficult ditions. In technical terms, therefore, question, which speaks to the heart of the central theme of my research has what it is to be human: What would a been the investigation of the relations life without our enduring personal between synaptic plasticity (the mecha- record of our hopes, experiences, nisms by which the brain changes as a desires, wishes, needs, loves and hatreds result of experience), cognition (the be like? Without memory, we would live abstract psychological processes by in a continual present, for the experi- which we know, represent and under-

3 See D.O. Hebb, The organization of behavior (Wiley, 1949).

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stand the external world) and changes the expression of a whole variety of in learned behaviour. molecules that serve to protect brain function in general, and memory What do I actually do? I focus on function in particular. It would be a understanding the brain systems that great breakthrough if we were able to support memory and executive couple drug treatments with treatments function (the control of intention, focused on behavioural change that attention and behav- would maximise the ioural regulation). We resilience of the brain now know the identity extreme stressors in the face of aging, or of these intercon- imposed during traumatic events such nected brain systems torture actually as stress, stroke, or (the prefrontal have a others such problems. cortex– hippocampal deleterious effect In addition, my work formation–thalamic on memory and has a public policy systems). We know executive focus. I have, over the that damage to these function past few years, started systems causes severe to research the conse- and mostly irre- quences of torture for versible amnesia. Damage can arise brain function, and I have attempted to from diverse conditions, including head understand why lay people, including injuries, Alzheimer’s Disease, surgery, public policy-makers and others, think or even alcoholism. I also want to that torture is a reasonable tactic for understand what goes wrong in these eliciting memories from prisoners in brain systems during aging and depres- captivity. We know that the extreme sion, and I want to understand how it is stressors imposed during torture that we can protect these brain systems actually have a deleterious effect on from the consequences of depression memory and executive function. and aging. I work with the biopharma- ceutical industry to develop drug The quest to understand how the brain therapies to combat the effects of aging works is one of the most exciting and of depression, and I also have a endeavours in contemporary science, parallel interest in developing cognitive reaching as it does across every domain behavioural-based methods for of human activity, from biological and combating the effects of aging, stress social development to education, to and depression. One example of this is cognitive decline in the elderly. I feel the use of exercise-based regimes to deeply privileged to be involved in slow or prevent the effects of brain some small way in this research aging. We know that exercise induces endeavour.

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NEW MEMBERS

FELIX AHARONIAN is Professor of High- Energy Astrophysics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. He is a world-leading expert in the phenomenology of high-energy, non-thermal astrophysics and astroparticle physics. He is a recipient of the Rossi prize of the American Astronomical Association and a foreign member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, as well as being an external scientific member of the Max- Planck Society. JOHN COAKLEY is Professor of Politics at University College Dublin and is one of Ireland’s foremost political scientists. He is internationally renowned as a leading specialist of comparative nationalism and ethnicity. He brings to his scholar- ship deep historical knowledge, theoretical sophistication and empirical rigour. His prodigious output is much cited and highly regarded. He was general secretary of the International Political Science Association 1994–2000. CATRIONA CROWE is Head of Special Projects at the National Archives of Ireland, and manager of the 1911 Census Online Project. She was the editor of the RIA/PRISM publication Dublin 1911 and is one of the editors of Documents on Irish Foreign Policy series. She is a former president of the Women’s History Association of Ireland and was vice president of the Irish Labour History Society. MARTIN CURLEY is the Director of Intel Labs Europe. He is Senior Principal Engineer and Global Director of IT Innovation at Intel Corporation. He previously held a number of senior IT Management positions for Intel, and man- agement and research positions at General Electric and Philips. He is adjunct professor of Technology and Business Innovation at the NUI Maynooth and co-director of the Innovation Value Institute.

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STEVEN ELLIS is Professor of History at NUI . His publications over three decades have made a major contribution to our under- standing of the political, religious and cultural history of late-medieval and early-modern Ireland, and have established him as an internationally recognised authority on the history of frontier societies. ADRIAN FRAZIER is Professor of English at NUI Galway. His work on modern Irish litera- ture has opened up new fields of inquiry in territories often passed over: introducing new his- toricism to the study of Irish theatre, re-introducing George Moore to a world that had forgotten him; and bringing alive the story of Abbey actors working with John Ford in Hollywood. ROBERT GERWARTH is Professor of Modern History at University College Dublin and Director of the UCD Centre for War Studies. He is recognised internationally for his research on twentieth-century and the trans-national history of violence in the aftermath of the Great War, for which he was awarded a major European Research Council grant. He has held visiting positions at Harvard, Bielefeld and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. MICHAEL D. HIGGINS is the ninth President of Ireland. A passionate political voice, a poet and writer, academic and statesman, human- rights advocate, promoter of inclusive citizenship and champion of creativity within Irish society, Michael D. Higgins has previously served at almost every level of public life in Ireland, including as Ireland’s first Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht.

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LIAM KENNEDY is Professor Emeritus of Economic History at Queen’s University Belfast, with a life-long expertise in nineteenth- and twentieth- century Irish economic and social history. In recent years he has published major work on long-run change in Irish history, reconstructing prices, wages and living standards from the later seventeenth century to the present, and he has re-examined the evolving ethno- religious composition of Irish regions since the 1660s. ULLRICH KOCKEL is Professor of Ethnology and Folk Life at the University of . He is in the top rank of scholars in the field of European ethnology with an impressive record of publications in five languages, including four sole-authored books that display originality and outstanding scholarship. He has been president of the Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore since 2008. PATRICK LONERGAN is Professor of Animal Reproduction at University College Dublin. He leads an internationally recognised group focused on the mechanisms underlying oocyte and embryo develop- ment, and maternal–embryo communication during the establishment of pregnancy in cattle. He has a large volume of refereed research publications; has served on the boards of several societies in his area of research; and is past president of the International Embryo Transfer Society. PETER LYNCH is Professor of Meteorology at University College Dublin. He is a world expert in dynamic meteorology and numerical weather predic- tion. Professor Lynch’s work includes his development of a mathematical technique for numerically integrating the atmospheric governing equations based on the Laplace Transform; his digital filtering technique for eliminating noise from weather prediction models; and his theoreti- cal studies of wave triads in fluids.

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AARON MAULE is Professor of Molecular Parasitology and Director of Research for Molecular Biosciences at Queen’s University Belfast. He is recognised internationally as a world-leading authority on neuropeptide systems as exploitable targets for parasite control. Recent progress includes development of reverse genetic platforms in parasitic worms, facilitating drug/vaccine target validation. He holds a number of prestigious awards/medals from learned societies in the UK and USA.

DANIEL MCCARTHY is Fellow Emeritus of Trinity College Dublin, and a former Senior Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at Trinity. His many highly regarded publications include The Irish Annals—their genesis, evolution and history (2008), which revolutionised the study of the Irish annals. In his work he has combined a unique expertise in computer science and medieval studies enabling him to recon- struct the chronological framework of early Irish history.

JOHN MCCLOSKEY is Professor of Geophysics at the University of Ulster. He is internationally recognised for his expertise in the field of earthquake physics. His work on the link between the large-scale structure and long-term tectonic stressing of the Sumatran plate margin and the timing and height of tsunamis has made an important contribution to advising earthquake and tsunami preparedness in South-East Asia.

JOHN MCGARVEY is Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Queen’s University Belfast. A physical chemist, he is renowned for his work in Raman and resonance-Raman spectroscopy applied to the spec- troscopy and photophysics of metal complexes. Currently, he collaborates with colleagues in the Centre for Vision and Vascular Science at Queen’s in assessing the potential of Raman techniques for the study of degenerative eye diseases.

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DENJOE O CONNOR ’ is Senior Professor at the School of Theoretical Physics of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, where he leads a group of investigators focused on field theory and particle physics. He is internationally distinguished for his con- tributions to renormalisation group theory and its applications to statistical field theory, and for his con- tributions to non-commutative field theory and matrix models. JOHN PETHICA was the founder director of the CRANN research centre in Trinity College Dublin. He is at the forefront of nanomechanics research internationally and has made crucial contri- butions to the development of nanoscience in Ireland. He has been a Fellow of the Royal Society since 1999, and is currently the Physical Secretary (Vice President) of the Royal Society. He is also visiting professor at Oxford and Scientific Advisor to the UK National Physical Laboratory. RICHARD REILLY is Professor of Neural Engineering at Trinity College Dublin, where he is also Director of the Trinity Centre for Bioengineering. His research focuses on the processing of signals that diagnose the human physiological and cognitive state. His research has uncovered non-invasive electrophysi- cal biomarkers for cognitive function, and has created leading-edge, patient-oriented neurodiagnostics methods, neural prosthetics and therapeutic neuro- modulation devices. GERALDINE SHERIDAN is Emeritus Professor of French in the School of Languages and Literature at the University of Limerick. She is an eminent and widely published specialist of the Enlightenment and French cultural history, with landmark books published both in and the English-speaking world on Lenglet Dufresnoy; women workers in the trades of eighteenth-century France; and the educational tradition of the Huguenots.

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RICHARD SINNOTT is Professor of Political Science at University College Dublin. His research focuses on comparative and Irish public opinion and political behaviour. His publications include Irish Voters Decide (1995) and, as co-author, People and Parliament in the European Union (1998). He has held research fellowships at Harvard, Oxford, Waseda and the European University Institute. STEPHEN SMARTT is Professor of Astrophysics at Queen’s University Belfast and Director of the Astrophysics Research Centre. He is a recognised world leader in supernova explo- sions and has directly discovered the progenitor stars that cause supernovae. A former European Young Investigator EURYI award winner and Philip Leverhulme Prize winner, he now holds a European Research Council Advanced Grant. He leads a large group at Queen’s, with highly cited research outputs. ALAN TITLEY was Professor of Modern Irish at University College . He has a wide knowledge of contemporary and modern Irish literature. He is acknowledged as the leading authority on the novel in Irish, and recent work has been collected in volumes of essays notable for their intellectual acuity and command of the full range of literary achieve- ment in Irish. An outstanding creative writer, he is also a historian of the Irish book. ROGER WHATMORE was CEO of the Tyndall National Institute at 2006–12 and is now Professor Emeritus at UCC. He has a highly distinguished career of research accomplishment in materials science, for which he was awarded the Griffith Medal and Prize in 2003. His work has led directly to the develop- ment of a number of new materials that have been exploited in a wide range of electronic devices.

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HONORARY MEMBERS

JOCELYN BELL BURNELL is Visiting Professor of Astrophysics at the . She discovered the first radio pulsars as a PhD student at the University of Cambridge. She was the first female president of the Institute of Physics and has also served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society. She was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2003. She has held a visiting position at Princeton University and is a Fellow of Mansfield College. Among her many awards are the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize of the American Astronomical Society and the Herschel Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. EAMON DUFFY is Professor of the History of Christianity at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow and former president of Magdalene College. He is a also Fellow of the British Academy. His research interests centre on the history of late-medieval and early-modern popular religious belief and practice; on Christian art and material culture; on the history of the English Roman Catholic community; and on the history of the papacy. He is chairman of the editorial board of the Calendar of Papal Letters relating to Great Britain and Ireland. He has authored many articles and has edited several collections, and his books include The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village, which was awarded the 2002 Hawthornden Prize for Literature.

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IAN GIBSON is a leading authority on Federico García Lorca and Salvador Dalí. He previously lectured in Spanish at Queen’s University Belfast, and then became Reader in Modern Spanish Literature at London University. In 1975 he left academic life to pursue writing full time. His book Federico García Lorca: a life won the Duff Cooper Memorial Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was named Best Book of 1989 by the New York Times and the Boston Globe. He has also worked in television as an historical con- sultant and has appeared in several documentaries. CÉDRIC VILLANI is the Director of Insitut Henri Poincaré and Professor at Lyon University. He has worked on the theory of partial differential equations involved in statistical mechanics, specifically the Boltzmann equation. Together with Laurent Desvillettes he was the first to prove how fast conver- gence occurred for initial values not near equilibrium. In 2010 he was awarded the Fields Medal for his work on Landau damping and the Boltzmann equation. His other awards include the Jacques Herbrand Prize of the French Academy of Science (2007), the Prize of the European Mathematical Society (2008), the Henri Poincaré Prize of the International Association for Mathematical Physics and the Fermat Prize (2009). He has held semester-long visiting positions in Atlanta, Berkeley and Princeton and has written about fifty research papers and two reference books on optimal transport theory.

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DISTINCTIONS CONFERRED ON MEMBERS

Peter Brown Seamus Heaney (Honorary Member) was awarded an became the first Irish person to win the honorary doctororate of Letters by the international Balzan prize (2011) for his University of Strathclyde in May, 2011. ‘contributions to the historical interpre- Kathleen James tation of late antiquity’. Chakraborty was elected to chair Anne Buttimer was awarded an the board of the Irish Architecture honorary doctorate by the Joseph Foundation. Fourier University, Grenoble, on 27 Alun Jones January 2012. was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in September Nicholas Canny was invited to 2011. give the annual Raleigh Lecture in Ullrich Kockel History for 2011 to the British was appointed a Academy. He delivered the lecture on Visiting Professor of European 22 November 2011, on the subject: ‘A Ethnology at the Centre for Social Protestant or Catholic Atlantic World? Anthropology, Vytautas Magnus Confessional divisions and the writing University, Kaunas, Lithuania, for the of Natural History’. The lecture will period 2011–14. appear in print in the forthcoming Tom Laffey Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 181 was awarded the Hans (2012), 83–121 to be published in Schneider Prize in 2012. This prize is September 2012. for research, contributions and achieve- ments at the highest level in linear Maeve Cook received a Fulbright algebra. award for the period 1 September 2011 Marianne MCDonald to 31 May 2012, for the purposes of won the research and scholarship at Yale Donald N. Sharp Medal for University and the University of Philanthropy in October 2011, for relo- California, Berkeley. cating the McDonald Centre to combat drug and alcohol abuse to a (Sharp) Hastings Donnan was appointed hospital more qualified to treat the as chair of the Anthropology and mental issues associated with the Development Studies panel in the UK’s problem of addiction. Research Excellence Framework 2014.

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Martin Joseph MCNamara was interests of 40,000 gastroenterologists awarded an honorary doctorate in Sacred throughout Europe. Theology by St Patrick’s College, W.N. Osborough Maynooth, on 17 November 2011. gave the annual Stair Society Lecture in Edinburgh in Martin Mathieu was elected as a November 2011, choosing as his subject delegate of the Irish Mathematical ‘Law at the edge: legal encounters on a Society to the Council of the European maritime periphery—an intellectual Mathematical Society for the period itinerary with principal stop-overs at 2012–15. Rousay, Tiree and Colonsay, and at Great Saltee, Skellig Michael, Great A.D.H. Mayes was presented with Blasket and Arranmore’. the Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies Paul Ross by the British Academy in October was appointed Research 2011. Professor in the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC) in Stephen Mennell was elected a University College Cork in May 2012, member of the Academia Europaea in and was the 2011 winner of the Teagasc June 2011. Gold Medal.

Werner Nahm Bill Schabas was made a Fellow was awarded an of the Royal Society in May 2011. honorary doctororate of Laws (LLD) by Northwestern University, Chicago, Peter Neary was awarded a five-year in June 2011. advanced grant by the European Research James Stevens Curl Council to work on a project entitled published ‘Superstar firms in the global economy’. Freemasonry and the Enlightenment He was also appointed as chair of the (London: Historical Publications) and Economics sub-panel in the UK’s Georgian Architecture in the British Isles Research Evaluation Framework 2014. 1714–1830 (Swindon: English Heritage) in 2011. Máiréad Nic Craith was invited DaWen Sun by the Research Council for Culture was elected a member and Society at the Academy of Finland of the Academia Europaea in to act as external reviewer of research September 2011. grant applications in Anthropology, Robert Anthony Welch Ethnology and Folklore studies. won the prize for prose in 2011, Daniel O Hare ’ was elected a for Japhy Ryder ar Shleasaibh na Fellow of the Academy of Engineering Mangartan, a book of biographical and in February 2012. critical essays.

Colm O Morain Harry White ’ was appointed was elected to President of United European honorary membership of the Croatian Gastroenterology from January 2012. Musicological Society in January 2011. This organisation represents the

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Higgs Boson masterclass, 14 July 2012, one of the Hamilton Master Class series of lectures hosted at the Academy as part of ESOF 2012. From left to right: Dr Steve

Meyers, CERN; Professor Rolf-

Dieter Heuer, Director General of

CERN; Dr Tony Scott, UCD;

Professor Frank Close, Oxford

University; Professor Themis Bowcock, CERN; and Dr Tara

Shears, CERN.

John McCanny with the Cunningham Medal Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:29Page39

Luke Drury (President RIA),

Olivia O'Leary, Seamus Heaney

and Éibhear Walshe at the

Literatures in English Committee’s A YEAR IN VIEW ‘Irish writing on the radio’ event.

Admittance Day:

Luke Drury and Alan Titley

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Professor George Eogan and Minister in front of the Tomb 1 mound at Knowth on 20 June 2012, to celebrate 50 years of archaeological excavation at the site and the launch of Excavations at Knowth 5.

Dublin Talks was a new series of talks inaugurated by the Academy and in 2012. All the talks are online at www.DublinTalks.ie, including one by Professor Rose Anne Kenny (left) on how healthy communities can help you live longer.

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Luke Drury, PRIA, with new Academy members on Admittance Day, 2012

Hamilton Prize winners 2011 in Academy House with the Hamilton Lecturer Professor Edward Witten and Professor Luke Drury. The annual Hamilton Maths Prize is awarded to the best maths student in each univer- sity and DIT in the penultimate year of their undergraduate degree. Back row (l-r): Andrew McKee, QUB; Ben Quigley, DCU; Fionnuala Connolly, NUIG; Middle row (l-r): Elaine Berkery, UL; Liang Chen, UCC; Jane Breen, NUIM; Front row (l-r): Rachel Trimble, DIT; Professor Edward Witten; Professor Luke Drury; Stephanie Hyland, TCD; Doireann O’Kiely, UCD. Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:29Page42

REMEMBERING

PADDY MARY E. DALY BUCKLEY

addy Buckley, the executive and the role of the IRB in the run-up to Psecretary of the RIA, died on the 1916 Rising, the government and 17 May 2012 after a long finances of the Irish Free State during illness. Born in Limerick in 1947, he its first decade, the Irish language was a student at the Crescent College, revival, the and the anti- where he sat his Leaving Cert. In 1966 partition movement. This lengthy essay he enrolled in UCD, graduating in 1969 is a permanent record of Paddy’s skills with an honours BA in History and as a historian, his wide reading and his Politics, a course of studies that left him judicious assessment of personalities with a life-long interest in the history of and historical issues. At the request of politics of modern Ireland. During his his wife Mary, a copy of volume 1 of student years he would go to the GPO the Dictionary, which contains the on Saturdays to collect the pamphlets, Blythe biography, was placed on his newspapers and other ephemera being coffin at his funeral by James McGuire, sold or distributed by political activists, the managing editor of the DIB. amassing a significant collection of material relating to this critical period Following a short spell as a teacher in in the history of contemporary Ireland. Presentation College Glasthule, Paddy He had a particular interest in the early joined the Department of Finance as an years of the Irish Free State, which he administrative officer and went on to explored in his Master’s thesis, on Irish serve in the Department of the Public electoral politics in the years 1927–32. Service and the Department of the He returned to this topic many years . His years in the civil service later when he wrote the Dictionary of gave him a remarkable knowledge of Irish Biography entry on — Irish politics and public administra- an extensive piece, which required him tion—the administrative processes, the to examine a variety of issues, including personalities and the foibles of senior the formation of the Irish Volunteers civil servants and politicians. While at

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first sight he appeared to be a rather shy administrator who understood and individual, he had an unrivalled valued academic scholarship. It was a network of friends and contacts, from perfect match. He was the consummate UCD and the civil service, with whom public servant; discreet, but always he kept in touch throughout his life. As mindful of Academy interests. He an officer in the Department of the served eight Presidents of the RIA and Taoiseach he was responsible for worked closely with numerous officers cultural policy (which was then the and members of the Academy. He was remit of that department), including ever conscious of the boundaries the Irish Film Board, the formation of between the role of the executive and Aosdana, and archival matters. As a that of the Academy officers and member of the first National Archives members. He was equally mindful of Advisory Council (NAAC), he oversaw the need to ensure that the Academy’s the implementation affairs were well- of the 1986 National managed and that it Archives Act, which He was the met its obligations. provided for govern- consummate Paddy was ceaseless ment files more than public servant; in his insistence that 30 years old to be discreet, but Academy projects made available to the adhere to deadlines public. Paddy helped always mindful of and financial targets, to build trust Academy interests. and the ‘tough love’ between government that he showed on departments and the these occasions was National Archives, something that was vital in strengthening the Academy’s essential in ensuring the successful credibility as a home for major implementation of the Act. In the projects. Department of the Taoiseach he also kept a watchful eye over the Bureau of Paddy’s term as executive secretary Military History files, and he was coincided with a period of significant tireless at reminding his friends on a change in the Academy. He worked later NAAC of the need to prompt the closely with Academy officers and staff government that it was time to make to implement the first strategic plan. these files publicly available. His expertise and contacts in the Irish public service proved invaluable when In 1993 he was appointed as executive Academy House had to be vacated for secretary of the Academy, in succession major renovations. He played a key role to Aidan Duggan. This career change in negotiations for additional space in gave Paddy the opportunity to combine Bective House, and in securing the very his expertise as a public servant with his significant increase in government scholarly interests, and the Academy funding necessary to ensure that the found that uncommon being: an out- nine-volume Dictionary of Irish Biography standing public servant and was published by 2009. His deep

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Left to right: Siobhán interest and pride in the Academy and For Academy members and staff, Fitzpatrick. Professor Ronan Fanning MRIA, its contribution to scholarship and Paddy was the constant presence in Dr Morwena Denis, heritage was most evident on public Academy House: the silent, watchful Dr James Quinn, Joint Editor, Mary McAleese, occasions, when he greeted senior figure at stated meetings, discourses President of Ireland, politicians and public servants, and meetings of Council; sitting Dr Art Cosgrove MRIA, Professor Nicholas Canny directing their attention to displays or upright in his place beside the officers; PRIA, Dr Linde Lunney, publications that he knew would climbing the endless steps to his Paddy Buckley and Laura capture their interest: a Historic Towns bright, airy office. He has had a signifi- Mahoney at the presenta- tion of the Dictionary of Atlas from their home area; a volume of cant impact on the Academy—in the Irish Biography to President the Clare Island survey for a visitor that procedures that he put in place, the Mary McAleese at Áras an Uachtaráin on he knew to have a great interest in staff that he mentored, the projects 25 May 2010. wildlife. His genuine interest in people that he helped to promote; and in the and their personal preferences was memories of many Academy members evident as he guided guests around the who enjoyed his company and often Library, or on occasion at receptions sought his views on contemporary when Paddy would disappear temporar- politics. Our deepest sympathy goes to ily to fetch a glass of whiskey for a his wife, Mary, and to his daughters, distinguished visitor, who was known to Claire, Hannah and Frances. prefer this tipple to a glass of wine.

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BEREAVEMENTS The deaths of the following members in the period March 2011 to July 2012 are recorded with regret

BURKE, LAURENCE HUXLEY, ANDREW DECLAN FIELDING BSc, MSc(NUI), MA(Cantab), MD(hc, PhD(QUB). Elected 1995. Died 4 Saar, Ulm, Charles Univ. Prague), December 2011. DSc(hc, Sheffield, Leicester, Lond, St Andrews, Aston, Western Australia, DUGGAN, PATRICK Oxon, Pennsylvania, Harvard, Keele, FINBARR PhD, DSc(NUI). East Anglia, Humboldt, Maryland, Elected 1980. Died 27 April 2012. Brunel, Hyderabad, Glasgow, Witwatersrand), LLD(hc, Birm, FLAVIN, JAMES NOEL BSc, Dundee, York), DHL(hc, NY), Dr(hc, MSc(NUI 1957, 1960), PhD(Durham Marseille, Toyama). Elected 1986. Died 1962). Elected 1999. Died 13 April 30 May 2012. 2012. MCBRIDE, ROBERT BA FRANKE, HERBERT. (QUB 1963), PhD(QUB 1970). Elected honorary member 1985. Elected 2011. Died 22 May 2012. Died 10 June 2011. MORE O FERRALL, RORY ’ HIRZEBURCH, FRIEDRICH BSc, PhD(Lond 1955, 1958). ERNST PETER Elected honorary Elected 1995. Died 15 June 2012. member 1989. Died 27 May 2012. RYNNE, ETIENNE MA(NUI). HUGHES, THOMAS JONES Elected 1966. Died 22 June 2012. MA(Wales 1950), DLitt HENRY, PATRICK LEO (hc NUI 2004). Elected 1963. Died 13 December 2011. DPhil(Zurich), DLitt(NUI). Elected 1968. Died 23 December 2011.

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ACADEMY COMMITTEES REPORT

he Academy Committees COMMITTEE HIGHLIGHTS Tconcern themselves with the Literatures in English organisation and development The Committee of their respective disciplines by held a two-day event on pursuing policy development, the theme of ‘Irish Writing on the providing independent advice to Radio’. The event opened in St Ann’s policy-makers and by organising high- Church on 2 February 2012 with an impact outreach activities. interview with Seamus Heaney conducted by Olivia O’Leary. This was later broadcast on RTÉ Radio One. Four conference sessions were organised for the second day, with the programme comprising a mixture of contributions from academics, writers and radio producers. The speakers included John Bowman of RTÉ, Simon Workman from TCD, playwright Anne Devlin and Stephen Douds of BBC .

In conjunction with the Science Media Geosciences Centre, the Committee held an ‘Introduction to news media for Ireland’s geoscientists’ on 17 May 2012. The purpose of the event was to inform geoscientists of the best ways of getting media coverage and about

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THE RIA HAMILTON LECTURE E R .I

EG A IS I TER .R 2011 ON WW

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FOR FREE TICKETS

- PROFESSOR EDWARD WITTEN

FIELDS MEDALLIST, INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON

- REFLECTIONS ON CRISIS

The role of the public intellectual

edited by Mary P. Corcoran and Kevin Lalor QUANTUM

THEORY OF

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Monday 17 October 2011 @ 7pm

BURKE LECTURE THEATRE,

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PROFESSOR DORTHE DAHL-JENSEN EXPLORING NATIONAL LANGUAGES THE GREENLAND STRATEGY ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR MODERN LANGUAGE, LITERARY ICE SHEET: AND CULTURAL STUDIES IMPLICATIONS FOR AUGUST 2011 CLIMATE CHANGE PAST AND PRESENT Thursday • 1March• 6pm

RIA Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:29Page49

how to deal with media queries. A panel Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in of five journalists spoke about handling 2012 and was addressed by Tánaiste and science in the media, and there were also the Minister for Foreign Affairs and contributions from the press officer of Trade, Mr , TD. the Science Media Centre and from geo- scientists. On 17 October 2011 Professor Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Social Sciences Committee The Study, Princeton, gave the annual published a book entitled Reflections on Hamilton Lecture organised by the Mathematical Sciences crisis: the role of the public intellectual. This Committee book explores the ways in which . The 2011 lecture took critical thinking, imagination and ideas place in Trinity College, and the topic can add to the public conversation as was the Quantum Theory of Knots. we try to understand crisis and prevent Before the lecture, nine third-level its recurrence. It was launched on 27 students were awarded the Hamilton June 2012 by Mr Justice Adrian Prizes for outstanding achievement in Hardiman. mathematics in their penultimate year.

Geographical Sciences The Successful events were also organised Committee held a one-day conference by other committees, including a entitled ‘Africa Day: environment, research colloquium on society and space’, to coincide with the ‘Communications and radio science wider Africa Day celebrations taking into the 21st century’ Communications and Radio place throughout the country in May ( Sciences Committee 2012. The topics covered included , 28–29 ‘Militias and the geographies of March 2012); a seminar on violence in Africa’, ‘Climate change, ‘Archaeological archives as a resource: development and health in Eastern creation, curation and access’ Archaeology Committee Africa’ and ‘Africa in the Irish geo- ( , 23 graphical imagination’. The conference February 2012) and a lecture also included a session on postgraduate ‘Exploring the Greenland ice-sheet: research currently underway in TCD, implications for climate change past and Climate Change UCC and NUI Maynooth. present’ ( Sciences Committee , International Affairs The annual 1 March 2012). conference took place on 25 November Modern Languages 2011. The conference— The Committee ‘Democratisation and new launched the National media’—examined the role played by Language Strategy in October 2011, International the internet and social media sites as and in June 2012 the Affairs Committee catalysts for democratic advancement. published a The event was timed to coincide with text-book aimed at undergraduate Ireland assuming the chairmanship of students, entitled Irish Foreign Policy. the Organisation for Security and

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DISCOURSES

Friday, 7 October 2011 Professor Hermione Lee , Faculty of English, University of Oxford and President of Wolfson College BIOGRAPHY AND THE BIOGRAPHER S TASK ’ Professor Nicholas Grene Respondent: , MRIA (TCD) Thursday, 3 November 2011 Professor K.C. Nicolaou , The Scripps Research Institute, California MOLECULES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SYNTHESIS AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIETY Professor Pat Guiry Respondent: (UCD) Monday, 12 December 2011 Professor Rose Anne Kenny , Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St James’s Hospital and Neurosciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin. THE END OF AGEING Professor Davis Coakley Respondent: (Department of Medicine for the Elderly at St James’s Hospital, Dublin) Thursday, 16 February 2012 Professor Michael Coogan , Director of Publications for the Harvard Semitic Museum and Lecturer on Old Testament/Hebrew Bible at Harvard Divinity School GOD AND SEX: WHAT THE BIBLE REALLY SAYS Abbot Mark Patrick Hederman Respondent: (Glenstal Abbey, Limerick) Thursday, 19 April 2012 Professor Terry Eagleton , Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Universities of Lancaster and Notre Dame COUNT DRACULA AND BRAM STOKER 20 April was the 100th anniversary of Stoker’s death. Professor Chris Morash Respondent: (NUI Maynooth) Friday, 22 June 2012 Professor Jim Chandler , Department of English Language and Literature, University of Chicago MARIA EDGEWORTH, EDMUND BURKE AND THE FIRST IRISH ULYSSES Professor Chandler’s Discourse was organised in conjunction with the Eighteenth- Century Ireland Society Conference (2012) and was the keynote of the conference. Dr Porscha Fermanis Respondent: (UCD)

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POLICY The role of academies in public policy SINÉAD RIORDAN Senior Policy Research Officer

cademies across the world are Aeager to be active in public life, to engage in dialogue with policy-makers and to build a greater understanding of the benefits of drawing upon scientific expertise and scholarly knowledge to inform and aid public thinking. In 2012, more than ever, there is a demand for fresh thinking and critical analysis, and need for the intellectual values and expertise that academies can mobilise on behalf of the nation.

The Royal Irish Academy is participat- ing in a European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) project on science–policy dialogue, to consider how academies can engage in dialogue and exchange with policy-makers for the purposes of informing policy debate. There is general agreement that academies can play an important role in providing policy advice by virtue of the scientific excellence and competence that resides in their membership. The

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value placed upon academies’ advice, however, is largely dependent on the trust and credibility attributed to the academy by policy-makers and the In a rapidly wider public. This trust stems from changing higher- confidence in an academy’s independ- education ence, objectivity and the excellence landscape, there and expertise represented within its membership. is a clear role for the academy as The learning from this project also the voice for suggests that academies need to focus scholarship and more upon the needs of their policy communities in order to establish an basic research ‘early warning system’ for emerging policy issues and to get the timing of their advice right. There is a strong appetite among policy-makers for acces- In his preface to the 2010–11 Annual sible summaries of the state of scientific Review, RIA President Luke Drury high- knowledge, including scientific uncer- lighted some of the main issues facing tainties. Similarly, policy-makers place a the academy in respect of its role in high value upon having access to a public policy: ‘protected deliberation space’, where scientists and policy-makers can talk How can the Academy usefully inform freely and frankly. More frequent inter- wider public policy debates? action with policy-makers would serve How can it communicate ideas and to build awareness of academies’ capa- analyses from across the sciences and bilities and build scientists’ humanities in a way that will help understanding of the legislative process. people in their understanding of the world in which they live? It is clear that there is considerable Should the Academy prioritise the role scope for the Royal Irish Academy to of facilitator, bringing scientists and strengthen and develop its policy policy-makers together to discuss and engagement. In a rapidly changing debate emerging issues with a scientific higher-education landscape, there is a foundation? clear role for the academy as the voice for scholarship and basic research. The These questions remain topical, and the RIA is among the few European current strategic planning process for academies whose membership is drawn the RIA for the period to 2018 offers a from the sciences and the humanities further opportunity to develop our and social sciences: this renders it thinking on such issues. ideally placed to integrate knowledge from both of these spheres.

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SELECTED RIA POLICY The Academy’s analysis concluded that ACTIVITIES 2011 12 – there is a general desire amongst the academic community for a reform of RIA Working Paper: Issues of the structures governing Ireland’s Higher Education higher-education institutions. It Institutional Governance observed that ‘the governance of a In February 2012, the Academy was third-level institution—especially a invited by the Minister for Education large university with aspirations to and Skills, Ruairí Quinn, TD, to submit world status—is complex, and more advice on governance arrangements for akin to the governance of a state than of higher education institutions in Ireland. a commercial body. In both cases there The Academy consulted widely with its are multiple objectives to be balanced membership on the topic and led a against each other, and multiple con- workshop for MRIAs serving on third- stituencies, both internal and external, level governing authorities and the whose interests have to be addressed’.1 heads of every higher-education institu- The working paper noted that the tion in Ireland. The workshop was third-level education system is addressed by the Rector of Aarhus complex, better than its reputation and University in Denmark, Lauritz B. far from broken, and identified six key Holm-Nielsen, who reflected on the principles to drive future institutional recent sweeping changes initiated governance reform. These principles throughout Denmark’s higher educa- may be summarised as follows: tional governance system, in particular, • tailor governance practices to indi- the emphasis placed upon the role of vidual institutions; external governors. • protect and foster academic freedom and autonomy; • reduce bureaucracy; • create and implement sophisticated evaluation methods; uu • place academic practices and

u u communities centre stage; • promote sensitive participative

u

u management practices.

u u u RIA Workshop: Developing national guidelines to support research integrity Embedding and maintaining good practice in research is a necessary part

Issues of Higher Education of research excellence. In July 2012, Institutional Governance the Royal Irish Academy in collabora- tion with the Irish Universities RIA Association, the Health Research

1 Royal Irish Academy, ‘Issues of Higher Education Institutional Governance’, Dublin 2012, 1. The full text of the report is available at: http://www.ria.ie/getmedia/eb52781e-1a60-4326-a398-4d1d387b9c48/Higher-Education-Goverenance.pdf.aspx.

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Board, Science Foundation Ireland and CONSULTATIONS AND SUBMISSIONS the Higher Education Authority, hosted a stakeholder workshop in Academy The Academy contributed to a number House, with the objective of finalising of important consultations in 2011–12 national guidelines for research including: integrity. Presentations on many aspects of research integrity were given by • A submission by the RIA Science leading international experts in the Education Committee to the field; these were followed by a lively International Review Panel on Initial discussion on how Ireland should move Teacher Education; June 2012 forward in establishing national standards for both the promotion of • A submission in response to an invi- good research practice and the preven- tation by the Department of Arts, tion of misconduct. The Academy will Heritage and the Gaeltacht to continue to engage with this process as comment on the proposed amalgama- a member of the National Advisory tion of the Heritage Council with the Group on Research Integrity chaired by department; May 2012 the Irish Universities Association. • A letter to the Minister for Education and Skills on the proposed reform of the Junior Cycle Curriculum, submitted by the RIA Science Secretary; April 2012

• A submission to the HEA Consultation on the Criteria for Designation to Technological University Status; July 2011. u u u u u u

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PROJECTS

ANITA GRIFFIN , Project Manager of AAI

he Art and Architecture of visibility of Irish art in a global context, TIreland (AAI) project will and will promote the international rep- produce a five-volume scholarly utation both of Irish art and of work, spanning the period from academic research in Ireland. medieval art to the end of the twentieth century, to be Each fully illustrated volume will published in 2014. contain c. 375,000 words, up to c. 600 The project illustrations and a total of c. 600 pages. will greatly As of July 2012, 1.5 million words have enhance the been written and 50 % of the text has been copy-edited. We consider the project, which involves more than 300 people and 34 major Irish institutions, to be the most important—and the most exciting—ever undertaken in the field. Each of the five volumes has its own editor or editors,

assisted by researchers

Michael Flynn/Masks/ 1978/ Irish School/Lithograph 3/10/ 32 x 28cm Crawford Art Gallery Cork

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and assistant editors, while the project as articles on every aspect of the art and a whole is managed by Ms Anita Griffin. architecture of Ireland: thematic and Professor Andrew Carpenter, MRIA, is general as well as biographical entries; the General Editor and Professor Jim articles on techniques and historical Slevin is chair of the Executive Board. developments; bibliographies; lists of artists; and comprehensive indexes. In The AAI publication is designed for short, the work will be a major contri- non-specialists interested in Irish art or bution to Irish Studies, a work of architecture and promises attractively national cultural significance. written and handsomely illustrated

Dictionary JAMES MCGUIRE of Irish Managing Editor of DIB Biography (DIB)

wo hundred ‘new lives’ have tional and referee Ham Lambert and his Tbeen added to the Dictionary of cricketer father Bob; Manchester Irish Biography Online since the United and interna- simultaneous publication in 2009 of the tional Noel Cantwell; boxer Peter print and online editions. Most of the Crotty; and Kevin O’Flanagan, rugby new subjects in the DIB Online died in and soccer international and Olympics the twenty-first century, but twenty of administrator. them died in the twentieth century. A wide variety of careers is covered in the Academic life and scholarship are repre- new entries uploaded in 2011–12, sented by psychologist Feighin including composer James Wilson and O’Doherty; Augustinian scholar John novelist John McGahern. Traditional O’Meara; and historian and numismatist music with a modern or progressive Philip Grierson. Lives associated with twist is represented in entries for the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ include Micheál Ó Domhnaill, who played with British ministers Merlyn Rees and Stan Skara Brae and the Bothy Band; and Orme; priest and human-rights activist Seán McGuire (Maguire), whose Denis Faul; and loyalist paramilitary and training in classical music led to a new politician David Ervine. Other notable way of playing traditional music on the political lives include sometime leader fiddle. Among the sportsmen now of the Irish and govern- added to the DIB are rugby interna- ment minister Michael O’Leary; Fianna

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Fáil politician Ruairí Brugha; and succeeds him, were joint editors of the veteran Communist Michael 2009 edition and of the subsequent O’Riordan. Also included are journalist batches of new entries which have and magazine editor Clare Boylan; poet appeared twice yearly on and broadcaster Michael Davitt; teacher http://dib.cambridge.org. and linguist Tomás Ó Domhnalláin; historian Angela Bolster; and the remarkable John de Courcy Ireland, socialist, teacher and maritime historian.

Enhancing the potential of the DIB as an educational resource is a prime concern of the project. In December 2011 a symposium was held in the UCD School of History and Archives on ‘The Dictionary of Irish Biography as an educational resource: teaching, learning and research’. It was attended by all DIB staff, who found invaluable the feedback, advice and enthusiasm of university teachers and researchers who draw upon the DIB Online in a variety of ways. Further initiatives are planned, including on how use of the DIB Online might be developed further at secondary level.

Managing Editor James McGuire gave talks on the DIB to the Sligo Field Club (25 March 2011) and the Westmeath Archaeological and Historical Society (28 March 2012). On 5 December 2011 he spoke at the Biography and History Roundtable organised and chaired by Mark McKenna, who is The Dictionary of Irish Biography Online Keith Cameron Profesor of Australian is accessed worldwide. In the twelve History, UCD. As part of Heritage months to 1 March 2012 there were Week 2011, Executive Editor James 51,594 site visits from users in 106 Quinn spoke about the DIB in lectures countries (including Singapore, at Drumcondra Library and Charleville Hungary, USA, Japan and Australia); Mall Library. James McGuire stands this compares with 43,642 visits in down as managing editor on 30 June the previous twelve months (to 2012. He and James Quinn, who 1 March 2011).

Above: John McGahern © Bobbie Hanvey Photographic Archives, John J. Burns Library, Boston College.

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Digital Humanities Observatory SHAWN DAY (DHO) DHO Project Manager

uring its fourth year of Research Area network (HERA), the Doperation, the Digital Digital Research Infrastructure for the Humanities Observatory Arts and Humanities (DARIAH) and (DHO) continued to provide a focus the European Science Foundation’s within the Humanities Serving Irish Network for Digital Methods in the Society consortium, and to provide a Arts and Humanities (NeDiMAH). The firm foundation for digital humanities DHO has also supported the Irish in Ireland. Manuscripts Commission to increase Irish participation in the exciting The DHO has demonstrated its ability to Europeana programme (an initiative of evolve and drive Irish digital humanities the European Commission, Europeana initiatives forward. Through the collec- is a single access point to millions of tive expertise of its two staff, the DHO books, paintings, films, museum objects has delivered valuable services to institu- and archival records that have been tions across Ireland, by building a digitised throughout Europe). smoothly functioning web of collabora- Additionally, the DHO has introduced tion based on a community of interest new and exciting concepts to the and mutual support. The demand for broader humanities community in service has increased over the duration Ireland: a TCD project, the ‘Gothic of the project; for the DHO’s Spring Past’ website, has been augmented with 2012 series of technical workshops there an eBook generated for the project by were waiting lists of over 50 places in the DHO; and the ‘Anglo-Irish some instances. Its flagship projects— Agreement 1921’ eBook produced by DHO:Discovery DHO for the Academy’s Documents on (http://discovery.dho.ie) and Irish Foreign Policy project (see page DHO:DRAPIer (http://dho.ie/ 59) will contribute to the Leaving drapier)—not only provide crucial tools Certificate History syllabus. for Irish scholars, but also engage with a worldwide community through the The DHO is a success story built on provision of Irish Studies resources in knowledge development and transfer, the digital sphere. boldly exceeding the expectations set forth in the original funding proposal; it Internationally, the DHO has taken a will continue consistently to deliver high- leadership role, working in close con- quality projects and services junction with European partners such demonstrating the RIA’s commitment to as the Humanities in the European leadership in Irish digital scholarship.

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Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (DIFP) MICHAEL KENNEDY Executive Editor of DIFP

ow does a state return to from DIFP volumes available to our Hpeacetime diplomacy after a more than 530 followers. world war? DIFP explored this issue through 2011 as the project Throughout the year Executive Editor compiled DIFP VIII (1945–8). Who Dr Michael Kennedy and Assistant would have guessed that in 1945 de Editor Dr Kate O’Malley also Valera forced a more liberal refugee undertook vigorous project outreach, policy on a reluctant Department of appearing regularly on radio and televi- Justice, or that Ireland had a sizeable sion to discuss historical matters, programme of relief aid to war-torn including commentating on the visit of Europe? Research for DIFP VIII was the Queen Elizabeth II to Ireland in May project’s main task over the past year. 2011. Continuing our public involve- The volume will be published before ment, in early 2012 DIFP joined the the end of 2012. ongoing debate on granting pardons to Second World War Defence Forces In April 2012, DIFP published, in con- deserters. We will publish documents junction with the RIA’s Digital on the issue in DIFP VIII. Humanities Observatory project, an electronic publication (e-pub) dealing One of the most exciting aspects of our with the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty negoti- public involvement has been the ations. This e-pub volume is timely, project’s co-operation with local tourism because of the decade of commemora- bodies in the Loop Head area of County tion underway and because the 1921 Clare. DIFP assisted with the redevelop- Treaty is a primary source topic for ing of Second World War Defence Forces Leaving Certificate students in the structures on the headland as tourist coming years. The volume is free to attractions. This shows how the RIA download from the project website interacts with local bodies in bringing (http://www.difp.ie). The DIFP Twitter the benefits of academic research to a feed (@difp_ria) makes documents wider audience.

The excavated and restored Word War Two ‘Eire’ aerial navigation sign on Loop Head, Co. Clare.

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Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources ANTHONY HARVEY (DMLCS) Editor of DMLCS

‘A truly invaluable and unique electronically in June 2012, at: Above: The Editors of the St Patrick’s Confessio tool for research…a fascinating http://oenach.wordpress.com/ Hypertext Stack, Drs Franz example of what is possible when 2012/06/30/oenach-reviews-4-1- Fischer and Anthony Harvey, join the Archbishops you bring technological expertise 2012/.) of Dublin, the Most Revd and scholarship together.’ Dr Diarmuid Martin and the Most Revd Dr Michael The launch of the HyperStack, which Jackson, and the President hese words appeared in an inde- can be accessed at: http://confessio.ie, of the Royal Irish Academy, pendent scholarly review, by the was the culmination of three years’ Professor Luke Drury, to T celebrate the launch of the Forum for Medieval and intensive work funded under PRTLI Stack and its accompanying Renaissance Studies in Ireland (FMRSI), Cycle 4. As such, the initiative was booklet (the latter, by Pádraig McCarthy, topping of the St Patrick’s Confessio Hypertext required to provide (1) an outreach to Hodges Figgis’s bestsellers’ Stack, as launched online by DMLCS on the public, (2) educational value and (3) list over the 2012 St Patrick’s Day period). 14 September 2011. (The full assessment a cutting-edge research resource, all in can be read in issue 4.1 of the FMRSI’s a digital environment. These goals were peer-reviewed journal, Óenach, published achieved by centring the Stack on the

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surviving, fifth-century works of the A translation of St Patrick’s memoir by national apostle, such that: Pádraig McCarthy, titled My Name is (a) by St Patrick’s Day 2012 the site had Patrick, was published to coincide with received visitors from a variety of back- and promote the Confessio project. (See grounds in over 100 countries; the Publications report on page 74). (b) its use was being integrated into teaching programmes in institutions at For a detailed account of the home and abroad; and HyperStack and the DMLCS project’s (c) its method of integrating a critical other activities, see the dedicated Latin text-edition with images of the website at: http://journals.eecs. multiple manuscripts from which this qub.ac.uk/DMLCS, kindly hosted by was derived was being seen as a role Queen’s University Belfast. model for other digital humanities projects to follow.

Digital Repository of SANDRA COLLINS Ireland (DRI) Director of DRI he Digital Repository of Ireland The DRI Research Consortium Tis building a national, trusted, comprises: the Royal Irish Academy interactive digital repository for (lead institute), NUI Maynooth, TCD, the contemporary and historical social DIT, NUI Galway and NCAD. It is and cultural data held by Irish institu- supported by a network of academic, tions. The DRI team is conducting a cultural, social and industry partners, national programme of stakeholder including the of interviews to determine the digital Ireland, the National Archives of preservation and access practices in Ireland and RTÉ. It is funded with place in cultural institutions, , €5.2m from the Higher Education universities, funding agencies and other Authority’s PRTLI Cycle 5, and has also organisations, and as the project received awards from Enterprise approaches its first anniversary, it has Ireland and the Ireland Funds. developed a lean prototype for the repository. The findings from the stake- DRI is planning a major digital humani- holder interviews will inform the ties workshop in October 2012. The requirements specification in building event will be jointly organised by the the repository, but they also represent DRI and the Academy’s DHO project, the beginnings of a process to agree together with the country’s largest national guidelines on digital preserva- semantic web research institute, the tion and access. Digital Enterprise Research Institute

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(DERI) in NUI Galway, and the large- National Libraries of the Netherlands scale European Digital Research and Ireland, the Data Protection Infrastructure for the Arts and Commissioner, the National Archives of Humanities (DARIAH). The workshop Ireland, Oxford University and King’s will bring together speakers from College London—to foster partnership industry, academia and public bodies— in addressing the challenges of the including Microsoft Research, IBM, digital humanities. Google Books, RTÉ, the BBC, the

EILÍS NÍ MHEARRAÍ Foclóir na Project Manager of FNG Nua-Ghaeilge (FNG)

mí na Samhna 2011, sheol an Cuirimid fáilte roimh bhaill nua an ItAire Stáit Donnchadh Mac Choiste Bainistíochta: An tOllamh Fhionnlaoich, TD, cartlann ar líne Gregory Toner, QUB; An Dr Elaine Uí de théacsanna Nua-Ghaeilge de chuid Dhonnchadha, TCD; agus An Dr Brian Ó FNG. Tá teacht ag an bpobal ar an Raghallaigh, DCU. Chomh maith leis sin, gcartlann seo saor in aisce ar gabhaimid buíochas leis na hiarbhaill agus www.fng.ie. San áireamh, tá níos mó a gcuid téarmaí seirbhíse críochnaithe ná 40 leabhar a d’fhoilsigh Conradh na acu: An tOllamh Frank Imbusch, MRIA; Gaeilge idir 1882 agus 1926. Is féidir na An tOllamh Jack Smith, MRIA; agus An leabhair go léir a íoslódáil go ríomh- Dr Ciarán Ó Duibhín. léitheoirí. Beidh foireann FNG ag cur leis an gcartlann seo i gcónaí. Tá an tionscnamh buíoch den Údarás um Ard Oideachais agus den Roinn I mí an Mheithimh 2012, chuir FNG tús Ealaíon, Oidhreachta agus Gaeltachta le scéim intéirneachta do chéimithe. Faoi as an tacaíocht leanúnach don tionsc- láthair tá beirt ag obair linn faoin scéim namh seo, agus den Chrannchur seo. Táthar ag súil go gcuirfear deiseanna Náisiúnta, a mhaoiníonn Ciste na eile mar seo, a théann chun tairbhe an Gaeilge sa Roinn sin. tionscnaimh agus na scoláirí araon, ar fáil amach anseo. Faoi láthair tá an fhoireann n November 2011, Minister of i nDún na nGall agus i mBaile Átha IState Dinny Mc Ginley, TD, Cliath ag obair ar Corpas na Gaeilge launched the FNG online archive 1882–1926. Beidh beagnach 300 leabhar of Irish language texts. This archive is Gaeilge san áireamh. Beidh an corpas available free of charge to the public on inchuardaithe seo ar fáil ar líne ag www.fng.ie. Currently, this archive deireadh 2012. includes over 40 books published by

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Aire Stáit Donnchadh Mac Conradh na Gaeilge from 1882 to1926. We welcome three new members Fhionnlaoich, TD, ag seoladh chartlann ar líne de théacsanna All of the books can be downloaded onto the FNG Management Nua-Ghaeilge, leis an tOllamh onto e-readers. The FNG staff will add Committee: Professor Gregory Toner, Luke Drury PRIA agus an tOllamh Ruairí Ó hUiginn further texts to this archive as they QUB; Dr Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha, MRIA, agus foireann FNG An become available. TCD; and Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh, Charraig: Caroline Ní Chasaide, Cáit Mhac Fhionnlaoich, DCU. We also thank the former Niall Ó Ceallaigh, Máire Mhic In June 2012, FNG started an intern- members for their work over the Fhionnlaoich, Gréagoir ship scheme for graduates. At the years and whose term ended in 2011: Mac Giolla Easbuig agus Nóra Uí Ghallchóir. moment, two graduates are working on Professor Frank Imbusch, MRIA; the project under this scheme. It is Professor Jack Smith, MRIA; and Dr hoped that similar opportunities will be Ciarán Ó Duibhín. provided in the future, which will benefit the interns and the project FNG is grateful to the Higher alike. Staff in Dublin and Donegal are Education Authority and to the working on the compilation of Corpas na Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeilge 1882–1926, which will include Gaeltacht for their continuing support approximately 300 books. This search- for this project, and to the National able corpus will be available online by Lottery, which funds Ciste na Gaeilge the end of 2012. in that Department.

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Irish Historic Town SARAH GEARTY Atlas (IHTA) Cartographic and Managing Editor IHTA

Minister Ruairi Quinn with IHTA editors, staff and authors at the launch of IHTA, Volume III, Academy House, 25 May 2012. Photo: John Ohle.

he Irish Historic Towns Atlas Derry~Londonderry, Dundalk, Armagh, T(IHTA) reached a significant and Limerick). The twenty-fourth milestone early in 2012, with fascicle was also published—Sligo, by the publication of the third bound Fióna Gallagher and Marie-Louise Legg. volume in the series (Volume III: Mr Ruairí Quinn, TD, Minister for

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Education and Skills, stressed the Summer Programme for importance of the ongoing scholarly Undergraduate Researchers (SPUR). In work of the IHTA when he launched other outreach efforts, Anngret Simms both publications in Academy House on and Howard Clarke represented the 25 May 2012. Sligo was further cele- IHTA on the International Commission brated when Mr Jimmy Deenihan, TD, for the History of Towns, and they Minister for Arts, Heritage and the attended the annual meeting of the Gaeltacht, launched that fascicle locally commission in Sibiu, Romania, 7–11 in Sligo City Hall on 23 February 2012. September 2011. Sarah Gearty Complementary events included an presented a paper at Sibiu on the online exhibition and a walking tour. aspect of the IHTA project, and she also participated in a workshop in Budapest Fascicle no. 25, Ennis (by Brian Ó (7–8 June 2012), which planned for the Dálaigh), is now completed and will be electronic publication of European published in August 2012, to be followed town atlases. by ‘Dublin, part III, 1756 to 1847’ (by Rob Goodbody). Jacinta Prunty and Paul The project to create an interactive Walsh progressed ‘Galway’ with the online resource based on the Derry editorial assistance of Angela Murphy; atlas, in collaboration with Queen’s and Tadhg O’Keeffe and David Kelly University Belfast and Derry City advanced ‘Youghal’. Authors also Council, advanced. Jennifer Moore rep- continued research on fascicles for resented the IHTA in the development Carlow, Cashel, Cavan, Cork, Drogheda, of a mobile phone application Loughrea, New Ross, Roscommon, (http://www.irelandundersiege.com). Tralee, Tullamore and Waterford. Work That project is led by the University of began on Dungarvan and on an ancillary Limerick and funded by the National project on the suburbs of Dublin. Academy for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning The annual IHTA seminar focuses on (NAIRTL). Raymond Gillespie was the published work of the project, and Parnell Fellow in Irish Studies in the subject this year was monastic and Magdalene College, Cambridge, from Viking towns. The seminar was held in January to July 2012. St Ann’s Church, Dawson Street, on 25 May 2012 and was the first of three con- Funding for research and production ferences entitled ‘Maps and texts: using over the past year was received from the IHTA’ that will deal with themes of Clare County Council, Ennis Town comparability, chronology and interdis- Council, Dublin City Council and the ciplinary study. Heritage Council. A grant from the Environmental Fund (Department of In relation to education outreach, Environment, Community and Local Jacinta Prunty developed project links Government) enabled researcher to second-level geography and transi- Rhiannon Carey Bates to assist author tion-year study. In collaboration with Máire Ní Laoi to prepare a draft topo- NUI Maynooth, Fiachra Murray joined graphical gazetteer for Cork, which will the IHTA for six weeks under the be made available online during 2012.

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LIBRARY SIOBHÁN FITZPATRICK Academy Librarian

BRINGING ACADEMY project was firmly positioned within LIBRARY RESOURCES the aims of the Information Society, TO THE WEB the respective Irish and UK library service strategic documents—Joining pring 2012 witnessed the com- forces and Full disclosure1—and the Spletion of a ten-year project, HEA’s research policies. International Access to Academy Library Holdings (IAALH), The project employed 16 personnel at which was generously funded by different stages to catalogue pre-1850 Atlantic Philanthropies (€700,000), books, the immense Haliday collection, with support from the Higher and 13 archival collections; and to Education Authority (HEA). The microfilm selected collections for project proposal submitted in 2001 preservation and digitisation purposes. clearly stated the objectives of catalogu- Funding from other agencies and ing, conserving and digitising selected private individuals, including former Academy research collections—those RIA president Michael Herity and the judged to be of major importance but Esmé Mitchell Trust, assisted in sup- which lacked visibility and accessibility. porting the cataloguing elements of Archival collections required finding the Graves and the Ordnance Survey aids and online database records, and Memoirs drawings collections, the pre-1850 print collections needed respectively. In the case of the Dublin to be catalogued to modern standards. Unitarian Church archives, the Church All records needed to be automated. trustees and the Heritage Council con- Many primary items required conserva- tributed significant funds towards the tion and reformatting to enable further cataloguing, with Atlantic exploitation of the resource. The Philanthropies co-funding that work.

1 An Chomhairle Leabharlanna, Joining forces: delivering libraries and information services in the Information Age, Dublin 2000; the text of the executive summary of this report is available at: http://www.librarycouncil.ie/publications_archive/pdf/ JoiningForcesExecutiveSummary.pdf; and UK Office for Library and Information Networking and National Council on Archives, Full disclosure: releasing the value of library and archive collections, Bath 1999; the complete text of the report is available at: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/lic/fulldisclosure/report.pdf.

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Fig. 1 Some of the cataloguing outputs for printed works completed under the IAALH project.

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 Printed Works Haliday 1480–1850 Pre–1850

Windele Papers

Ó Máille Papers

KnoHt Collection

Madden Papers

Day Papers

Ordnance Survey LeHters

Dublin UniIarian Church Archive

Françoise Henry Papers

Graves/O'Donovan Collection

Caldwell Collection

Antiquarian Drawings

Fig. 2 Archival collections catalogued under the IAALH project, represented by over 20,000 records. Included are: family papers, genealogical material, historical and political papers, Irish language collections, antiquarian correspondence and art history.

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The cataloguing outputs shown in Figs The Library has reaped many benefits 1 and 2 represent over 41,000 printed from the project in terms of our public works and approximately 20,000 profile, increased and focused use of archival items. resources and in the ability to repurpose and repackage the outputs. In addition, We sincerely acknowledge the key role • 72 manuscripts were disbound and of Atlantic Philanthropies in enabling conserved; this landmark project. • over 5,000 drawings were photo - graphed for preservation purposes Another tangible outcome of the IAALH and digitised by the library for input project was the successful exhibition to the website; and From Cromwell to cholera, based on the • 42 volumes of Ordnance Survey pamphlets and tracts collected by Letters were microfilmed and later Charles Haliday (c.1789–1866). This col- digitised and should shortly be acces- lection of over 35,000 items covers the sible via the AskaboutIreland website entire gamut of Irish politics, history, (http://www.askaboutireland.ie/), economic and religious affairs over 300 where they will form part of a major years. The exhibition, which was curated heritage resource. by Sophie Evans, ran from October 2011 to June 2012, and a lecture series Microfilming equipment had been exploring the collection was organised. purchased at the outset of the project and was housed in the library at Trinity C College Dublin. Conservation and pho- CTOBER m O 20 ro 11 2 f to 201 N SPRING tography were outsourced. I O IT IB H X E Atlantic Philanthropies was open to the funds it provided for the project being used to carry out work on collections not originally within the project’s scope;

thus, collections acquired after the initia- tive began were included in order to maximise the funding resources and to FROM benefit from the expertise of contracted CROMWELL to CHOLERA personnel. The funding enabled not only A history OF IRELAND from the pamphlet collection of

the achievement of the original project CHARLES HALIDAY

by S OPHIE E VANS objectives, but also the training and RIA upskilling of librarians and archivists; participation in partnerships with other This exhibition was preceded by a bodies, such as the Library Council and Medieval Irish Manuscript Treasures Trinity College Dublin Library; and co- exhibition, which was booked out as a funding arrangements with conference visit by the International aforementioned agencies. Outsourcing Congress of Celtic Studies (1–5 August contributed significantly to the local 2011), and was also the venue for a economy and to employment. workshop of the Dublin Institute of

Great Snowy Owl. From William Bullock, A companion to the London Museum and Pantherion, containing a brief description of upwards of fifteen thousand natural and foreign curiosities [...] (London, [1813]). 69 Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:29Page70

Advanced Studies’ School of Celtic Of 764 monographs, offprints, Below: Copperplate engraving of a large pro- Studies Summer School. Daily tours pamphlets, maps and other formats cession on what is now were provided during Heritage Week accessioned during the calendar year O’Connell Street (then Sackville Street), 2011, when the renowned calligrapher, 2011, 41% were donated. Academy Dublin, showing Daniel Tim O’Neill, gave a lecture on ‘Quills, member G.L. Huxley provided signifi- O’Connell in his chariot and crowds of jubilant inks and vellums: practical aspects of cant funding towards the costs of people lining the way. manuscript production’ to a capacity conserving and rebinding O’Curry Taken from The repeal; or The Irish manufacturer of audience (25 August). A record 1,300 manuscript 23 H 5, which was loaned 1832. A melo drama, in three people visited the Academy on Culture to UCC for the exhibition ‘Travelled acts (Dublin, 1835); Night (23 September 2011) and toured Tales: the Book of Lismore at from the Haliday Pamphlet and Tract the exhibition. The Library’s travelling University College Cork’, which ran at Collections in the Royal exhibition, ‘Mapping urban Ireland’, the Glucksman Gallery until 30 Irish Academy Library. visited five county library services October 2011. The Library records its during the year—Dublin city and thanks to all donors for their support in county, Kilkenny, Meath and Wexford, sustaining the collections. as well as GMIT, Galway. WEBSITES: www.ria.ie/library The Library acquired a number of sets www.dho.ie/doegen of papers during the year, including www.discovery.dho.ie F.L. Cross’s papers relating to the www.europeana.eu/portal Stowe Missal (MS D ii 3), donated by www.isos.dias.ie Dr Elizabeth A. Livingstone, and www.askaboutireland.ie Academy member Peter Harbison’s files of cuttings and photographs of cross-inscribed and other slabs of archaeological significance.

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PUBLICATIONS RUTH HEGARTY Managing Editor of Publications

Dublin, 10.45pm, 30 April 1937

‘I have come to the microphone tonight to say a few words by way of introduction to the Draft Constitution which has been published this evening. In the course of the coming weeks this Draft will be the subject of detailed discussion in the Dáil, and upon the conclusion of its examination it will be submitted for the people’s approval in a national plebiscite. May I express the hope that it will be studied carefully and critically in every home in the country. If our State is to be governed on the democratic principle, it is essential that the fundamental law should be thoroughly understood and deliberately approved of before it is enacted. Never before have our people been given an opportunity such as this.’

(Transcript of radio broadcast by Éamon de Valera. National Archives of Ireland, DT S9868)

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ORIGINS OF THE IRISH CONSTITUTION 1928 1941 –

Seventy-five years ago, Éamon de Valera took to the airwaves to introduce a consti- tution that has served Ireland since then. Mr Justice Gerard Hogan and Eoin Kinsella have completed a research project of the Academy’s that examines and draws together the drafts, memoranda, newspaper articles about and reactions to the Irish Constitution, up to and including the refer- endum in 1941. The documents they examined provide an insight into the work of the drafters, and the publication of these documents comes at an interesting time: substantial amendment of this Constitution is being considered via the newly estab- lished Constitutional Convention; the abolition of the Seanad is a possibility; and changes to the court structure outlined in the Constitution, including reducing the power of the President to refer bills to the courts and introducing a review of international treaties before bringing them to the people by way of referendum, are proposed.

The Origins of the Irish Constitution project was directed by the Royal Irish Academy with support from the Office of the Attorney General, the National Archives of Ireland and the Department of the Taoiseach. It was one of the final projects that Executive Secretary Paddy Buckley completed before his untimely retirement.

For further information and to access transcripts of archival material associated with the drafting of the 1937 Constitution, visit the project website: www.irishconstitution.ie.

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Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:29Page73 DUBLIN 1911 ⁄ ‘Even the person who has everything would have to be charmed by the capital cabinet of curiosities that is Dublin 1911’ Arminta Wallace, Irish Times

Newly-elected member of the Academy L I N Catriona Crowe uses this publication to U B demonstrate the value of making archival D material freely accessible. Much of the 1 9 1 1 Edited by work included in the book is available to CATRIONA CROWE view online or in person in state- supported institutions, including the census online project of the National Archives of Ireland. At the time of going to press the book had sold over 7,000 copies and was in its third printing.

‘The editor Catriona Crowe and the designer Fidelma Slattery have made Dublin 1911 irresistible.’ Times Literary Supplement

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EXCAVATIONS AT KNOWTH VOLUME 5: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KNOWTH IN THE FIRST AND SECOND MILLENNIA AD

This volume presents the findings relating to the use of the passage tomb site from the Late Iron Age to the modern era. Its publication coincided with a celebration in June 2012 by the OPW and the National Monuments Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht of 50 years of excavations at Knowth. The event served to thank the people who have been involved in preserving and interpreting the site, which contains the largest collection of megalithic art in Europe and forms part of the MY NAME IS PATRICK Brugh na Bóinne UNESCO World Heritage Site. ‘I am a sinner, a simple country person, and the least of all believers. I am looked down upon by many.’

T HE ARCHAEO L OGY OF KNOWTHINTHE St Patrick is the first identifiable F IRST A N DSECOND person in Irish history for whom a MILLENNIA AD written record survives. Patrick’s George Eogan memoirs were published in a straight- forward and accurate translation by

Pádraig McCarthy, to coincide with

and promote the Confessio Hypertext Stack project (see page 60). The book

became a bestseller in the week of St Patrick’s Day 2012 and was covered by RTÉ news and widely in the print media. The Confessio project website

(http://www.confessio.ie) was visited almost 13,000 times in two weeks, and an e-book version of the memoir text was downloaded 250 times in the

EXCAVATIONS AT KNOWTH  5 same period.

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( ( (

6 6 6 6

NOTECARDS NOTECARDS NOTECARDS NOTECARDS & envelopes & envelopes & envelopes & envelopes - - - -

royal irish academy royal irish academy royal irish academy royal irish academy

------

JOURNALS STATIONERY The Academy’s continue to grow their readership, Notecards and bags featuring details primarily online, and are actively solicit- from the Academy’s collections have ing papers. Mathematical Proceedings has a been produced. The intention with this rejection rate of over 60%. Professor pilot stationery project is to draw Mercedes Siles Molina of the University attention to the rich resources that the of Malaga, a member of the journal’s Academy curates by producing attrac- editorial board, gave a seminar in tive and practical items, January 2012 aimed at attracting quality which contain suffi- submissions to the journal and involving cient reference to the board members in journal-related activ- original source to ities. Biology and Environment published a invite further special issue on alien invasive species. investigation. Domestic Life in Ireland, the first thematic The bag pictured volume of Proceedings of the Royal Irish reproduces a detail of Bernard Scalé’s Academy, Section C, will be reissued as a updating of John book in 2012. Irish Studies in Rocque’s 1756 map of Dublin, which International Affairs, Ériu, and the Irish can be consulted in Journal of Earth Sciences all continue to the Library. publish peer-reviewed articles, all of which can be browsed on the Academy website’s journal pages: http://www.ria.ie/publications/ journals.aspx. IRISH HISTORIC The TOWNS ATLAS project saw no. 23, Carlingford and no. 24, Sligo appear, and the individual fascicles for the five towns of Derry~Londonderry, Dundalk, Armagh, Tuam and Limerick were compiled into the collector’s edition: Irish Historic Towns Atlas Bound Volume 3.

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FORTHCOMING: In the second half of 2012 we expect to welcome a new publication each month. These will

include:

REFLECTIONS ON CRISIS The role of the public intellectual edited by Mary P. Corcoran and Kevin Lalor • Reflections on Crisis: the role of the Public Intellectual • Domestic Life in Ireland • Documents on Irish Foreign PolicyVIII

RIA • Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 25, Ennis • A yankee in de Valera’s Ireland • New Survey of Clare Island 7, Plants and fungi • Roderick O’Flaherty’s Letters

In addition, the Publications Office continues to edit and produce Academy policy documents and reports by the Academy committees, such as Issues of Higher Education Institutional Governance.

**The memoir of David Gray AYANKEEIN Documents on IRISH DE VALERA’S FOREIGN POLICY Volume VIII

IRELANDEDITED BY PAUL BEW 1945~1948

NEW SURVEY OF CLARE uu ISLAND u u

u u

u u u

roderickkciredor o ’flahertyfo ehalf rrtty ’s

Issues of Higher Education LETTERSEL toot RETTE SR WilliamWWiiilllllliiiaam Molyneux,MMoollyy uen xx,, EdwardEEdddwwarrdd Lhwyd,hL wwyyyddd,, Institutional Governance anddna SamuelSSaa um eell Molyneux,MMoollyy uen xx,, 1696961 69 1709071 90 Volume 7: Plants and Fungi richard sharpeeprahsdrahcir RIA

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MOBILITY GRANTEES 2012

HUMANITIES AND SCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCES Dr Miguel GarciaMarch , UCC Dr Emily MarkFitzGerald , UCD ‘Mixing strongly and weakly interacting ‘Irish Migration and the Museum: quantum gases’. Australia’. Heidelberg University, Germany Various institutions, Australia Dr Rachel Evans , TCD Dr Diarmuid Ó Riain , ‘Conjugated polyelectrolyte platforms ‘The Irish saints’ ‘Lives’ in the Magnum for bio-anion recognition: the role of the Legendarium Austriacum: revisiting Ludwig triplet state’. Bieler’s notion of “an Irish hagiographical Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal collection in Southern Germany”’. Dr Eugenie Regan Austrian Academy of Sciences , National Biodiversity Data Centre Dr Kevin Rafter , DCU ‘An investigation into the Moroccan ‘E.J. Dillon: the semi-official ambassador’. over-wintering areas of Painted Lady Stanford University, USA butterflies’. Granollers Museum, Morocco Dr Amanda Fitzgerald , UCD Dr Derek Kitson ‘Establishing a national database of youth , TCD mental health in Ireland: risk and protec- ‘New approaches in the spectral theory tive factors’. of linear operators’. Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, King’s College, London Australia Dr Britta Stordal , TCD ‘BRCA1/2 mutation analysis in IGROV- 1 and IGROVCDDP ovarian cancer cells’. Myriad Genetics, USA

Dr Paul Doherty , UCD ‘Improving the reliability of offshore wind turbine substructures’. University of Texas, USA

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APPENDIX I Members* A Burns, Duncan Thorburn Aalen, Frederick Herman Andreasen Butler, Richard Noel Aharonian, Felix Buttimer, Anne Allen, Ingrid Victoria Byrne, Francis John Almqvist, Bo Gunnar Byrne, Ruth Mary Josephine Andrews, John Harwood C Arbuthnott, John Peebles Atkins, John Fuller Caffrey, Martin Caldicott, Clive Edric John (Rick) B Campbell, Bruce Mortimer Stanley Baghramian, Maria Canning, Mary Bailey, Mark Edward Cannon, Paul John Baillie, Michael George Lockhart Canny, Nicholas Patrick Bartlett, John Raymond Carey, John Price Bartlett, Thomas Carpenter, Andrew Bates, Brian Carroll, Peter Kevin Bates, John Raphael (Ray) Casey, James Patrick Bell, Kenneth Lloyd Cathcart, Kevin James Bennett, Keith David Chisholm, John Stephen Roy Bew, Paul Anthony Elliott Clarke, Aidan Blau, Werner Clarke, Desmond Matthew Bloomfield, Kenneth Percy Clarke, Howard Brian Boland, John Clarkson, Leslie Albert Borooah, Vani Kant Clayton, Geoffrey Bourke, Angela Clayton, Mary Bowler, Peter John Coakley, John Boyd, Derek Raymond Coey, John Michael David Boyle, Gerard Eugene Coffey, William Thomas Bradley, Daniel Gerard Mary Colleran, Emer Brady, Hugh Connolly, Seán Joseph Brazil, Thomas Joseph Conroy, Jane Breatnach, Caoimhín Cooke, Maeve Breatnach, Liam Cooney, Brendan Gabriel Breatnach, Pádraig A. Corish, John (Seán) Breen, Richard Corish, Patrick Joseph Brennan Glucksman, Loretta Cosgrove, Arthur Joseph Brewer, John David Cotter, Thomas Gerard Bric, Maurice J. Coxon, Peter Brown, David Arthur Cromien, Seán Patrick Brown, Terence Peter McCord Cronin, Michael Anthony Browne, James Joseph Crookshank, Anne Olivia Buchanan, Ronald Hull Crothers, Derrick SamuelFrederick Burch, Robert Crowe, Catriona Burke, Philip George Cruickshank, Don William Burnett, Mark Thornton Cullen, Louis Michael

* (Corrected to July 2012; 466 in total) Finaltexttoprint_Layout115/11/201214:30Page79

Cunningham, Edward Patrick Fottrell, Patrick F. Curl, James Stevens Fraher, John Patrick Curley, Martin Frazier, Adrian D Freuder, Eugene C. Freyne, Seán V. Dainty, John Christopher Froggatt, Peter Daly, Mary Fuchs, Anne Daly, Mary Elizabeth Fusco, Vincent F. Davenport, John G Dawson, Kenneth Adrian de Brún, Pádraig Gallagher, Mary de Paor, Annraoi Máire Gannon, Frank de Silva, Amilra Prasanna Gardiner, Stephen James Deane, Seamus Francis Gargett, Graham Decker, Stefan Josef Garvin, Thomas Christopher Delaney, Cyril Francis George Gerwarth, Robert Benjamin Dickson, David Jocelyn Gibson, Norman James Dillon, John Myles Gilbody, Henry Brian Dineen, Seán Gillespie, Raymond Dixon, Victor Frederick Gilliland, Raymond Brian Dolly, James Oliver Gleeson, Dermot Donlon, Patricia Godson, Catherine Donnan, Samuel Hastings Charles Gooding, David Willoughby Donnelly, Dervilla M.X. Gorman, Jonathan Lamb Dorgan, Sean Gow, Roderick Ian S. Dorman, Charles James Graham, William George Dorr, Noel Kieran Gregson, Peter John Downer, Roger George Hamill Grene, Nicholas Doyle, John Gerard Grimson, Jane Drury, Luke O’Connor Guiry, Michael Dominic Richard E Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur H Ellis, Steven Godfrey Elwood, Robert William Halton, David William Engel, Paul Cowper Hand, Geoffrey Joseph Philip English, Richard Hannan, Damian Francis Eogan, George Francis Harbison, Peter Desmond Evans, Gwilym Owen Hardiman, Adrian Patrick F Hardiman, Thomas P. Harmon, Maurice Fairley, James Stewart Harris, William C. Fanning, J Ronan Harvey, Brian Joseph Feakins, David Haughton, Joseph Pedlow Fegan, David John Hayes, Maurice N. Fennell, Bridget Mary (Caroline) Hayes, Michael Alphonsus FitzGerald, John Hayes, Michael Hilary B. FitzGerald, Maurice John Turlough Hayton, David William Fitzmaurice, Donald Heaney, Seamus Justin Fitzpatrick, David Patrick Brian Hederman O’Brien, Miriam Fitzpatrick, John Aidan Heffernan, Peter Flanagan, Marie Therese Heffron, James Joseph Alexander Flatt, Peter Raymond Hegarty, Anthony Francis Fletcher, Alan John Hegarty, John Foster, Timothy James Herbert, Máire R. M.

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Herity, Michael L Herries Davies, Gordon Leslie Laffan, Brigid Hibbert, Alan Laffey, Thomas Joseph Higgins, Desmond Gerard Lane, Philip Richard Higgins, Michael Daniel Larrissy, Edward Hill, Colin Laver, Michael John Hill, Jacqueline Rhoda Lee, John Joseph Hogan, Peter Augustine Lennon, Colm Holland, Celia Victoria Leonard, Brian Edmund Holland, Charles Hepworth Lewis, Ciarán Liam S. Holland, Finbarr Little, John Roger Graham Honohan, Patrick Livingstone, David N. Horne, John Nicholas Lloyd, David Robert Hu, Peijun Lonergan, Patrick Humphries, Peter Longley, Edna Mary Huxley, George Leonard Lunney, James Gerard I Lydon, James Francis Michael Lynch, Marina Annetta Imbusch, George Francis Lynch, Peter Ingram, Attracta Lynn, Christopher J. Irwin, George William Lyons, William Edward Iwaniec, Dorota Stanislawa Lysaght, Patricia J M James-Chakraborty, Kathleen Mac Eoin, Gearóid S. Jeffery, Keith Mac Mathúna, Séamus Jones, Alan MacCraith, Brian Dominic Jones, Alun Macfadyen, Amyan Jones, Michael Bevan MacLachlan, Malcolm Judge, David J. McAleese, Mary K McArdle, Patrick McBreen, Brian Philip Kane, Michael Thomas McBrierty, Vincent Joseph Kavanagh, Anthony (Tony) McCabe, (Alfred) Marshall Kearney, Richard Marius McCann, Malachy Keatinge, Neil Patrick McCanny, John Vincent Kelly, Fergus Samuel McCarthy, Carmel Kelly, James J. McCarthy, Daniel Kelly, John Moffat McCarthy, Matthew F. Kelly, Mary McCloskey, John Kennedy, Dennis McConnell, David John Kennedy, Eugene Thomas McCutcheon, William Alan Kennedy, Geraldine McDonald, Marianne Kennedy, Kieran Anthony McGarvey, John Joseph Kennedy, Liam McGilp, John Finlay Kennedy, Michael Peter McGing, Brian C. Keogh, Dermot Francis McGlinchey, Michael James Kernan, Roderick Patrick McGuire, James Ivan Kiberd, Declan McHugh, Peter Edward Kim, Myung Shik McKenna, Patrick Gerald Kingston, Arthur Edward McKervey, Michael Anthony Kinsella, Bridget Therese McLoughlin, John Vincent Kockel, Ullrich McManus, Peter D.J. McMurry, Thomas Brian Hamilton

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McNamara, Martin Joseph Ó Dochartaigh, Pól McNulty, Helene M. O Donoghue, Brendan McParland, Edward Joseph O’Dowd, Colin Dermot Magennis, Hugh O’Dowd, Mary Maher, Imelda O’Farrell, Anthony Gilbert Malcomson, Anthony Peter William Ó Fiannachta, Pádraig Malesevic, Sinisa Ó Floinn, Raghnall Mallory, James P. O’Gara, Fergal Malthouse, Jonathan Paul Gascoigne Ó Gráda, Cormac Manning, Maurice Anthony O’Halpin, Eunan Martin, Seamus Joseph O’Hare, Daniel Masterson, Patrick Ó hUiginn, Ruairí Mathieu, Martin Ó Madagáin, Breandán Maule, Aaron Gordon O’Malley, Mark J. Mayes, Andrew David Hastings O’Mara, Shane Mayhew, Stephen George O’Morain, Colm Antoine Mays, James Carthew Carden Ó Muraíle, Eamonn Nollaig Meehan, Elizabeth Marian Ó Murchú, Máirtín Mennell, Stephen O Neill, Luke A.J. Metnieks, Arvids Leons O’Regan, Donal Millar, Thomas J. O’Regan, Ronan Gerard Mills, Kingston Henry Gordon O’Reilly, Eoin Patrick Mitchell, Peter Ian O’Reilly, Francis J. Mitchell, Thomas Noel O’Reilly, Jennifer Moiseiwitsch, Benjamin Lawrence Ó Riain, Pádraig Seosamh Montgomery, William Ian Ó Riordáin, Antoine Breandán Montwill, Alexander O’Rourke, Kevin H. Andrew Moore, John J. O’Sullivan, Denis Francis Moran, Dermot Brendan O’Sullivan, Gerard D. Morash, Christopher O’Sullivan, William Ivo Morison, John Ohlmeyer, Jane Helen Murphy, Brian Osborough, William Nial Murtagh, Fionn D. Ottewill, Adrian Christopher N P Nahm, Werner Parnas, David Lorge Naughton, Carmel Patricia Pethica, John Bernard Neary, James Peter Phillips, John Roland Seymour Nelson, Margaret Jane Picard, Jean-Michel Newell, Martin Leonard Prendergast, Patrick John Nic Craith, Máiréad Pulé, Joseph Nolan, Brian Q Nowlan, Kevin Barry O Quigley, George Quinn, Charles Martin O’Brien, William Francis Quinn, Lochlann Gerard Ó Carragáin, Éamonn R Ó Coileáin, Seán Ó Con Cheanainn, Tomás Ray, Thomas O’Connell, Michael Regan, Ciaran Martin O’Connor, Denjoe Reilly, Richard O’Connor, James Patrick Richardson, David Horsfall Stuart Ó Corráin, Donnchadh Ridley, Hugh Malcolm Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí Iarla Rima, Bert

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Robertson, Ian Hamilton T Robinson, Mary Takahashi, Yasushi Robinson, Timothy Drever Taylor, David Roche, James F. Taylor, Kenneth Thomas Andrew Rooney, John Joseph Tchrakian, Tigran Hakop Ross, Julian Richard Huxham Thornhill, Don Ross, Paul Tipton, Keith Francis Royle, Stephen Arthur Titley, Alan Ruane, Frances Philomena Todd, Jennifer Ryan, Michael F. Ryan, Pierce V Ryan, William James Louden Vij, Jagdish Kumar S von Prondzynski, Ferdinand Vos, Johannes Gerardus Sagarra, Eda Scaife, Brendan Kevin Patrick W Scanlan, John Oliver (Séan) Waddell, John Scattergood, Vincent John Waddington, John Lionel Schabas, William Anthony Wallace, Patrick Francis Scott, Alexander Brian Walmsley, David George Scott, John Martin Walsh, Brendan M. Sen, Siddhartha Walsh, Dermot Patrick Joseph Sevastopulo, George Demetrius Walsh, Edward M. Sexton, Michael Cornelius Walters, Harry Robert James Shanks, Robert Gray Warner, Richard Boyden Shannon, Patrick Mary Weaire, Denis Lawrence Sharp, Paul Martin Welch, Robert Anthony Shatashvili, Samson West, Timothy Trevor Shee Twohig, Elizabeth Whatmore, Roger William Sheridan, Geraldine Frances Whelan, Christopher Thomas Simms, Anngret Whelan, Karl Simms, David John Whelan, Ruth E. Simms, Mary Katharine Whiston, James Francis Sinnott, Richard Whitaker, Thomas Kenneth Slevin, James A. White, Harry Slote, Michael Anthony Whitehead, David Smartt, Stephen J. Williams, David Clive Smith, Andrew Wolfe, Kenneth H. Smith, Francis Jack Woodman, Peter Smyth, Barry Wright, Barbara Smyth, Malcolm Roland Wrixon, Gerard T. Smyth, William John Spearman, Thomas David Spencer, Brian Spillane, William James Stalley, Roger Andrew Steer, Martin William Stewart, J.A. Carson Strain, John Joseph Séan Sun, Da-Wen Sutherland, Peter Denis Sweetman, Patrick David

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HONORARY MEMBERS* A Grubbs, Robert H. Agre, Peter Courtland Gunning, Brian Edgar Scourse Atiyah, Michael Francis H B Hamp, Eric Pratt Bailyn, Bernard Hayes, William Barnard, Toby Christopher Herren, Michael W. Beierwaltes, Werner Anton Vincenz Hockfield, Susan Bell-Burnell, Susan Jocelyn Hoppen, Karl Theodore (Theo) Boardman, John J Bodmer, Walter Frederick Briggs, Derek E.G. Jaffe, Arthur Brown, Peter Jäger, Helmut Jeauneau, Edward C L Carey, Martin C. Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca Leerssen, Joseph Theodoor (Joep) Charles-Edwards, Thomas Mowbray Lehn, Jean-Marie Pierre Coles, John Morton Lippard, Stephen J. Colwell, Rita Loeber, Rolf Cunliffe, Barry Luckhurst, Geoffrey Roger D M Dalgarno, Alexander MacIntyre, Alasdair Devine, Thomas M. McElroy, Michael Brendan Dewey, John Frederick Malone, Thomas Francis Dolan, Joseph Mény, Yves Dowling, Patrick J. Morawetz, Cathleen Synge Duffy, Eamon Morrill, John Stephen Dumville, David Norman N E Nicholson, Ernest Wilson Ericksen, Jerald L. O Evans, D. Ellis O’Neill, Onora F P Faust, Catherine Drew Gilpin Flannery, Martin Raymond Penrose, Roger Foster, Robert Fitzroy Pépin, Jean Frame, Robert (Robin) Ferris Pettit, Philip Noel Frey, Otto-Hermann R G Randall, Lisa Gell-Mann, Murray Rice, Stuart Alan Gibson, Ian Keith Rice, T. Maurice Gray, George William Roques, René Francois Lucien

* (Corrected to June 2012; 77 in total)

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S V Saddlemyer, Eleanor Ann Villani, Cédric Schmidt, Karl Horst W Sen, Amartya Kumar Skinner, Quentin R.D. Watkins, Calvert Solow, Robert M. Watson, James Dewey Sullivan, Dennis Parnell Weekes, Trevor C. Weinberg, Steven T West, Richard G. Thomas, Charles Wilson, David APPENDIX II Council and Executive Committee*

PRESIDENT: Luke O’Connor Drury EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The President Luke O’Connor Drury The Senior Vice-President Attracta Ingram The Treasurer John (Seán) Corish The Secretary Thomas J. Brazil The PL&A Secretary Colm Lennon The Science Secretary Eugene Kennedy The International Relations Secretary Michael Peter Kennedy The Executive Secretary (Incumbent) Ms Laura Mahoney The Staff Representative Dr Bernadette Cunningham

COMMITTEE OF POLITE COMMITTEE OF SCIENCE LITERATURE AND Professor Ray Bates ANTIQUITIES Professor Kenneth Bell An tOllamh Pádraig Breatnach Professor Thomas J. Brazil Professor Andrew Carpenter Professor John (Seán) Corish Dr Noel Dorr Professor Celia V. Holland Professor Attracta Ingram Dr Mary Kelly Professor Colm Lennon Professor Michael Peter Kennedy Professor Séamus Mac Mathúna Professor Eugene Kennedy Mr James McGuire Professor Thomas J. Laffey Professor Seán Ó Coileáin Professor James Lunney Professor Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Professor Tom Ray Professor Frances P. Ruane

* (Corrected to June 2012)

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APPENDIX III Academy Committees*

The initials of the programme manager for Professor Suzi Jarvis each committee are listed in brackets after Dr Mark Lang the name of the committee, as follows: Professor Paul Maguire Dr Declan McCormack RF —Rebecca Farrell Dr Kevin McGuigan RG —Rebecca Gageby Dr Anthony Newcombe JM —John Maguire Dr Claire O’Connell EM —Eilís Ní Mhearraí Dr Créidhe O’Sullivan Professor Martyn Pemble SCIENCE COMMITTEES Dr Brian Smyth Professor John Sodeau Astronomy and Space Sciences Committee RF Climate Change Sciences ( ) Committee RG Dr Stefano Bagnulo ( ) Dr Shaun Bloomfield Mr David Ball Dr Ray Butler Ray Bates Professor Paul Callanan Mr Oisín Coghlan Dr Masha Cheznyakova Ms Valerie Cummins Dr Hugh Cormican Mr Trevor Donnellan Dr Brian Espey Dr Rowan Fealy Dr Peter T. Gallagher Dr Pat Goodman Dr Sheila Gilheany Dr Frank McGovern Professor LorraineHanlon Mr Ray McGrath Mr Dave McDonald Dr Fraser Mitchell Mr David Moore Dr Glenn Nolan Professor J. Anthony Murphy Dr Brian Ó Gallachóir Dr John Quinn Colin D. O’Dowd Tom Ray Professor Margaret O’Mahony Professor Mike Redfern Professor Julian Orford Dr Bryan Rodgers Dr Andrew Parnell Dr Andrew Shearer Ms Sue Scott Dr Niall Smith Mr Tom Sheridan Dr Chris Watson Mr Tony Smyth Dr Conor Sweeney Chemical and Physical Sciences Mr Micheal Young Committee RG ( ) Communication and Radio Dr Steven Bell Sciences Committee RF Dr Eamonn Cashell ( ) Dr Hugh Cormican Dr Max Ammann Dr Teresa Curtin Tom Brazil Christopher Dainty Dr Conor Brennan Professor John F. Donegan Dr Conor Downing Dr Michael Gillen Dr Noel Evans Professor Patrick Guiry Vincent F. Fusco Dr Graeme Horley Dr David Linton Dr Paraic James Mr William McAuliffe

* (Corrected to June 2012)

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Geosciences Committee RG Dr Kevin McCarthy ( ) Professor J. Anthony Murphy Mr David Ball Mr Roger O’Connor Dr David Chew Dr Máirtín O’Droma Dr Marie Cowan Mr. A.D. Patterson Mr Donal Daly Lt Col Tom Roche Dr Eve Daly Michael C. Sexton Alan Jones J.A. Carson Stewart Dr Deirdre Lewis Dr Stephen McCarron Engineering Sciences Dr Jennifer McKinley Committee RF ( ) Dr Pat Meere Tom Brazil Dr Julian Menuge Dr. Alun Carr Mr Eoin Moran Dr Martin Curley Pat O’Connor John Fitzpatrick Dr Ian S. Sanders Vincent F. Fusco Patrick M. Shannon Professor Michael Gilchrist Mr Koen Verbruggen Prof. Eileen Harkin-Jones Professor John Walsh Mr Aidan Harney Dr Andy Wheeler Professor John Kelly Mr Mike Young Dr Patricia Kieran Life Sciences Committee JM Dr Gordon Lightbody ( ) Dr Gerard Mac Michael Professor Tom Bolger Peter E. McHugh Paul Engel Professor Karsten Menzel Professor Alexander Evans Professor Richard Millar Professor Dick FitzGerald Professor Padraic O’Donoghue Brian Harvey Professor Noel O’Dowd Dr Gary Jones Richard Reilly Professor Clive T. Lee Dr Tomás Ward Professor Aaron Maule Professor Paul F. Whelan Dr Jacqueline McCormack Professor Stephanie McKeown Geographical Sciences Dr Tara Moore Committee RF ( ) Professor Rosemary O’Connor Anne Buttimer Dr Shirley O’Dea Professor Anna R. Davies Professor Richard O’Kennedy Professor Robert Devoy Professor David Williams Professor Patrick Duffy Mathematical Sciences Dr Paul Dunlop Committee RF Dr Angela Hayes ( ) Dr Susan Hegarty Professor Stephen Buckley Dr Frank Houghton Professor John Carroll Alun Jones Dr Kingshuk Roy Choudhury Professor Gerry Kearns Mr Kevin Conliffe Dr Denis Linehan Dr Patricia Eaton Mr Peter Lydon Professor Andrew Fowler Professor Don Lyons Ms Rachel Gargan Dr Stephen McCarron Professor Michael Gilchrist Dr John McDonagh Professor James P. Gleeson Dr. Ruth McManus Dr Chris Hills Dr David Meredith Professor Ted Hurley Dr John Morrissey Thomas J. Laffey Dr Clionadh Raleigh Dr Mark McCartney Stephen A. Royle Werner Nahm

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Classical and Near Eastern Anthony (Tony) G. O’Farrell Studies Committee RG Ms Elizabeth Oldham ( ) Dr Rachel Quinlan Professor Michael Clarke Samson Shatashvili Dr John Curran Professor Richard Timoney Dr Martine Cuypers Dr Michael Tuite Dr Philip de Souza Professor Anthony Wickstead Dr William Desmond Dr Konstantin Doulamis Praeger Committee for Field Dr Christina Haywood Natural History JM ( ) Dr Edward Herring The Treasurer Dr Amanda Kelly The Science Secretary Dr Dermot Nestor Dr Don Cotton Dr Zuleika Rodgers Dr Declan Doogue Professor David Scourfield Professor Julie Fives Mr Brian Sheridan Dr Tom Harrington Dr David Woods Celia V. Holland Coiste Léann na Gaeilge EM Mr Mark Holmes ( ) Dr Kenneth Irvine Pádraig A. Breatnach Dr Matthew Jebb An tOllamh Michael Breen Dr Mary Kelly-Quinn Michael Cronin Professor Bruce A. Osborne An tUasal Oilibhear de Búrca George S. Sevastopulo An tOllamh Gearóid Denvir Dr Mike Simms An tOllamh Liam Mac Mathúna F. Jack Smith P. Damian McManus Peter Woodman An tOllamh Máire Ní Annracháin An tOllamh Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha An Dr Máirín Nic Eoin HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL An Dr Ríona Ní Fhrighil SCIENCES COMMITTEES An Dr Brian Ó Catháin An tOllamh Ailbhe Ó Corráin Archaeology Committee JM ( ) An Dr Peadar Ó Flatharta Professor Terry B. Barry An Dr Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin Mr Ed Bourke An Dr Mícheál Ó Mainnín Dr Conor Brady An Dr Liam P. Ó Murchú Ms Tracey Collins An Dr Pádraigín Riggs Gabriel Cooney Alan Titley Ms Claire Foley An tOllamh Gregory Toner Dr Ruth Johnson Historical Sciences Dr Carleton Jones Committee RF Mr. Eamonn P. Kelly ( ) Dr Ann Lynch Dr Juliana Adelman Ms Sinead McCartan Dr Damian Bracken Dr Stephen Mandal Dr Marie Coleman Dr Eileen Murphy Sean J. Connolly William F. O’Brien Dr Bernadette Cunningham Ms Nessa O’Connor Dr F. Ribeiro de Meneses Mr Christopher Read Dr Anne Dolan Elizabeth Shee Twohig Dr Lindsey Earner-Byrne Mr Rónán Swan Dr Aileen Fyfe Professor Peter Gray

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David W. Hayton Dr Conor McCarthy Dr Janice Holmes Christopher Morash Dr Jennifer Kelly Professor Eiléan Níi Chuilleanáin James J. Kelly Dr Éilís Ní Dhuibhne Professor Marian Lyons Dr Riana O’Dwyer Dr Charles I. McGrath Dr Tina O’Toole Dr Deirdre McMahon Dr Eve Patten Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Dr Éibhear Walshe Declan O’Keefe Mr Jonathan Williams Dr Maryann Valiulis Modern Languages History of Irish Science Sub Committee Committee RF ( ) Dr Juliana Adelman Dr Jennifer Bruen Dr Elizabethanne Boran Dr Mark Chu Peter J. Bowler Dr Jean Conacher Duncan T. Burns Professor Maeve Conrick Dr Catherine Cox Dr Alison de Menezes Dr Larry Geary Professor John Gillespie Dr Diarmuid Finnegan Dr Sascha Harris Professor Greta Jones Dr Marieke Krajenbrink Mr Nigel Monaghan Dr Caitriona Leahy Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Dr Lorraine Leeson Dr Patrick N. Wyse Jackson Dr Henry Leperlier Dr Maeve McCusker International Affairs Dr Mary Noonan Committee JM ( ) Dr Anne O’Connor Dr Mark Callanan Dr Carol O’Byrne Col Colm Campbell Dr Catherine O’Leary Dr Maura Conway Professor Vera Regan Mr David Donoghue Ruth E. Whelan Ms Jill Donoghue Mr Alan Wilson Noel Dorr Philosophy and Ethics Dr John Doyle Committee RG Dr Michael Kennedy ( ) Dr Ray Murphy Professor David Archard Dr John O’Brennan Dr W.H.A. Bunting Dr Mervyn O’Driscoll Maeve Cooke Dr Kate O’Malley Dr Christopher Cowley Dr William Phelan Dr Michael Dunne Professor Nicholas Rees Professor Joe Dunne Dr Emma Reisz Professor Jonathan Gorman Dr Stephen Ryan Dr Michael Howlett Professor Ben Tonra Dr Julia Jansen Dr Owen Worth Dr Catherine Kavanagh Dr Noel Kavanagh Literatures in English Dr Alan Kearns Committee RF ( ) Dr Chris Lawn Professor Brian Caraher Dermot B. Moran Dr Philip Coleman Professor Brian O’Connor Professor Anne Fogarty Dr Kevin O’Reilly Ms Selina Guinness Professor Graham Parkes Dr Derek Hand Dr Heike Schmidt-Felzmann Professor Elmer Kennedy-Andrews Professor Anne Scott Mr Cormac Kinsella Professor Peter Simons Edward Larrissy Dr Jeremy Watkins Dr Brigitte Le Juez

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Social Sciences Committee RF ( ) Mr Eamonn Ceannt Mr Jim Breslin Mrs Norma McDermott Dr Anne Byrne Andrew D.H. Mayes Mr Geoffrey Cook (The Treasurer, Executive Secretary and Head Dr Michael Doherty of Accounts in attendance) Ms Ineke Durville Cunningham Medal Committee Professor Robert Galavan Professor Lizbeth Goodman The President (Chair) Dr Claire Hamilton The Senior Vice-President Dr Pete Lunn The Secretary Professor Don Lyons The Treasurer Dr Chandana Mathur The PL&A Secretary Dr Jeanne Moore The Science Secretary Dr Carol Newman Vani Borooah Máiréad Ní Craith Terence Brown Dr Margaret O’Rourke Jane Conroy Dr Tuvana Pastine Finance and Investment Committee Dr Theresa Reidy Dr Paul Ryan The President (Chair) Dr Kevin Sweeney The Treasurer (Secretary) Dermot Walsh Miriam Hederman O’Brien ACADEMY A. Frank Hegarty STANDING (The Executive Secretary and Head of COMMITTEES Accounts in attendance) IT Advisory Committee Advisory Committee on the The President (Chair) Assessment of Candidates The Head of IT (Secretary) for Membership The Executive Secretary The President The Head of Administration The Senior Vice-President The Librarian Mark Burnett Mr Mike Norris Gabriel Cooney Library Committee Stefan Decker John Fitzpatrick The President (Chair) Anne Fuchs The Treasurer Marshall McCabe The Secretary Malachy McCann John R. Bartlett Peter McHugh Mary Clayton W. Ian Montgomery James J. Kelly Werner Nahm Edna M. Longley Fergal O’Gara Ruairí Ó hUiginn E. Nollaig Ó Muraíle Eda Sagarra Donal O’Regan (The Executive Secretary and the Librarian in Jane H. Ohlmeyer attendance) Jennifer O’Reilly NorthSouth standing committee Frances P. Ruane Roger Stalley The Senior Vice-President (The Head of Administration in attendance) The International Relations Secretary Kenneth L. Bell Audit Committee Vani K. Borooah Mr Patrick Talbot (Chair) David J. Fegan The Secretary (Secretary) Marie Therese Flanagan

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Maurice N. Hayes R.G. O’Regan David N. Livingstone Medical Council of Ireland Séamus Mac Mathúna (Chair) Michael F. Ryan Gerry McKenna National Gallery of Ireland, Board of Governors Andrew D.H. Mayes The President George Quigley Queen’s University Belfast, Board of the Institute of (The Head of Communications and Public Irish Studies Affairs in attendance) J.Ronan Fanning University of Ulster, Court of the University Policy Committee N.J. Gibson The President (Chair) EDITORIAL BOARDS 2012 The Secretary The PL&A Secretary Biology and Environment The Science Secretary *3 co-options as required, on an ad-hoc basis Editor: Professor Bruce Osborne (The Executive Secretary and the Senior Editorial Board: Research and Policy Officer in Professor Thomas Bolger attendance) Professor John Breen Professor R.M.M. Crawford Publication Committee Dr Tom Curtis The President Professor Mark Johnson The Treasurer Michael B. Jones The Secretary Dr Mary Kelly-Quinn The Honorary Academic Editor Dr Jim McAdam The Executive Secretary Dr Fraser Mitchell J. Ronan Fanning W. Ian Montgomery James J. Kelly Dr Declan Murray Martin Steer Professor John O’Halloran (The Managing Editor of Publications in Dr Micheline Sheehy Skeffington attendance) Dr Steve Waldren

Review Committee on Honorary Ériu Membership Editors: The President Liam Breatnach The Treasurer P. Damian McManus The Secretary Irish Journal of Earth Sciences The PL&A Secretary The Science Secretary Editors: Nicholas P. Canny Dr Matthew A. Parkes Michael F. Ryan Dr Ian S. Sanders James A. Slevin (The Head of Administration in attendance) Editorial Board: Dr Quentin G. Crowley RIA representatives to Dr Garret Duffy External Bodies Professor Martin Feely Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Council Professor Kenneth T. Higgs The President Professor Bernard E. Leake Institute of European Affairs, Board Dr Steve McCarron E.M. Meehan Dr Patrick Meere Irish Naturalists’ Journal, Board of Directors Dr Brian M. O’Reilly G.D. Sevastopulo Dr Alastair Ruffell Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Council Dr Michael J. Simms Dr Patrick N. Wyse Jackson

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Irish Studies in International Thomas Charles-Edwards Affairs John Morton Coles Editor: Dr John Doyle Barry W. Cunliffe Editorial Board: Thomas M. Devine Dr Mark Callanan David Ellis Evans Colonel Colm Campbell Professor Eric Fernie Dr Maura Conway Robert (Robin) Frame Mr David Donoghue Otto-Hermann Frey Ms Jill Donoghue Eric Pratt Hamp Noel Dorr Michael W. Herren Dr Michael Kennedy Joseph Th. (Joep) Leerssen Dr Ray Murphy Dr Máire Ní Mhaonaigh Dr John O’Brennan Quentin R.D. Skinner Dr Mervyn O’Driscoll Charles Thomas Dr Kate O’Malley Professor Sir David Mackenzie Wilson Dr William Phelan Professor Nicholas Rees RESEARCH PROJECTS Dr Emma Reisz Dr Stephen Ryan Professor Ben Tonra Academy Digital Resources ADR Dr Owen Worth Review Group The PRTLI Principal Investigator (Chair) Mathematical Proceedings The President or nominee Editor: Martin Mathieu The Director of the DHO or nominee Editorial Board: The ADR Project Leaders Professor Richard M. Aron (The ADR Postdoctoral Fellows in atten- Dr Tom Carroll dance) Seán Dineen Professor Andrew Fowler Art and Architecture of Ireland Dr Kevin Hutchinson Executive Board: Professor Christian Lomp Andrew Carpenter (General Editor) Anthony G. O’Farrell Howard B. Clarke Dr Götz. Pfeiffer James A. Slevin (Chair) Dr Raymond A. Ryan Roger Stalley Professor Mercedes Siles Molina (The Executive Secretary and AAI Project Dr Anthony Small Manager in attendance) Professor Martin Stynes Dr Stephen Wills Major Advisory Board: Professor Jaroslav Zemánek RIA nominees The President (Chair) Proceedings Section C The Secretary Editors: James J. Kelly The PL&A Secretary Dr Elizabeth FitzPatrick The General Editor Editorial Board: Anne O. Crookshank Dr Juliana Adelman Kathleen James-Chakraborty Nicholas P. Canny James McGuire Gabriel Cooney Carmel Naughton (Deputy Chair) Professor Seán Duffy James A. Slevin Peter D. Harbison Roger Stalley Mr Conleth Manning Dr Tomás Ó Carragáin Institutional nominees: Ms Fionnuala Croke International Editorial Board: (Chester Beatty Library) Toby Barnard Ms Barbara Dawson

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(Dublin Municipal Art Gallery) The Head of Research Programmes and Mr Chris Flynn International Relations (Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht) HSIS Institutions Mr David J. Griffin Michael Cronin (DCU) (Irish Architectural Archive) Dr J.-C. Desplat (ICHEC) Ms Christina Kennedy Professor Peter Gray (QUB) (Irish Museum of Modern Art) Dr Siún Hanrahan (NCAD) Mr William Laffan Professor Margaret Kelleher (NUIM) (Irish Georgian Society) Dr John McCafferty (UCD) Ms Pippa Little Dr Hiram Morgan (UCC) (Limerick City Gallery) Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (NUIG) Ms Andrea Lydon Professor Ailbhe Ó Corráin (UU) (National Gallery of Ireland) Jane H. Ohlmeyer (TCD) Dr Hugh Maguire (Hunt Museum) International Advisory Board Ms Kim Mawhinney Dr Peter Doorn (DANS) (Ulster Museum) Dr Willard MacCarty (Kings College Ms Roisín McDonough London) (Arts Council of Northern Ireland) Professor Seamus Ross (Glasgow University) Mr Des McMahon Dr Laurent Romary (Max Planck Institute) (Royal Hibernian Academy) Dr Geoffrey Rockwell (University of Alberta, Ms Stephanie O’Callaghan Canada) (Arts Council) Dr Danielle O’Donovan Consultative Committee: (Douglas Hyde Gallery) Royal Irish Academy Ms Colette O’Flaherty DHO Project Manager (Chair) (National Library of Ireland) The Principal Investigator Professor Gerry Wrixon A representative of ADR (Crawford Municipal Art Gallery) HSIS Institutions Advisory member: Dr Jennifer Edmond (TCD) Professor Mark Hallett, Paul Mellon Centre Dr Paul Ell (QUB) for Studies in British Art Mr Fergus Fahy (NUIG) Mr Peter Flynn (UCC) In attendance Professor Marian Lyons (NUIM) Members of the Executive Board Professor Paul McKevitt (UU) The Executive Secretary Dr Rob Sands (UCD) The Project Manager Ms Aja Teehan (NUIM) Dr Rachel Moss, Volume I Editor Dr Bruno Voisin (ICHEC) Dr Nicola Figgis, Volume II Editor Dr Una Walker (NCAD) Dr Paula Murphy, Volume III Editor Dictionary Of Irish Biography Professor Hugh Campbell, Volume IV Editor Rolf Loeber, Volume IV Editor (Corrected to 1 July 2012) Ms. Catherine Marshall, Volume V Editor Editors:Aidan Clarke Mr Peter Murray, Volume V Editor J.Ronan Fanning Ms S. Salvesen (Yale University Press) K.Theo Hoppen James McGuire Digital Humanities Observatory Professor Maureen Murphy DHO Management Board: Dr James Quinn (Managing Editor) Royal Irish Academy The President (Chair) Editorial Committee: The Principal Investigator: Jane Conroy The Secretary

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Foclóir na NuaGhaeilge Art Cosgrove Professor Greta Jones Eagarthóir: Folamh Edna Longley Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Coiste Eagarthóireachta: Brendan O Donoghue (Chair) Uachtarán an Acadaimh Mary O’Dowd An tOllamh Liam Mac Mathúna Dr Mervyn O’Driscoll Séamus Mac Mathúna Jane H. Ohlmeyer Seán Ó Coileáin Dr Susannah Riordan Ruairí Ó hUiginn () (The Executive Secretary in attendance) É. Nollaig Ó Muraíle An tOllamh Seosamh Watson Dictionary of Medieval Latin From Celtic Sources 4001200 Coiste Bainistíochta: Editor: Dr Anthony Harvey Uachtarán an Acadaimh Ruairí Ó hUiginn (Cathaoirleach) Editorial Board: Séamus Mac Mathúna The President Máire Nic Mhaoláin, Uasal Dr David Howlett (Editorial Consultant) An tOllamh Greg Toner Dr Bart Janssens (Publisher’s Representative) An Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh Andrew D.H. Mayes An Dr Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha Donnchadh Ó Corráin (Rúnaí Feidhmitheach agus Eagarthóir ag Dáibhí Ó Cróinín freastal) Jean-Michel Picard Irish Historic Towns Atlas A. Brian Scott F. Jack Smith Cartographic and Managing Editor: Ms Sarah Gearty Scriptores Celtigenae Committee Professor Rita Beyers Editors: Dr David Howlett Howard B. Clarke (Chair) Dr Bart Janssens (Observer) John H. Andrews (Consultant Editor) Martin McNamara Raymond Gillespie Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Dr Jacinta Prunty Professor Tom O’Loughlin Anngret Simms A. Brian Scott Editorial Committee: Documents On Irish The Honorary Research Officer Foreign Policy Professor Terry B. Barry Editors: Catriona Crowe Mr J. Bradley J.Ronan Fanning Mr M.J.D. Brand Dr Michael Kennedy (Executive Editor) Ms M. Clark D.F. Keogh Mary E. Daly Eunan O’Halpin Mr R. Haworth Dr A.A. Horner Editorial Advisory Board (in addition to the Mr R. Kirwan Editors): Dr Tomás Ó Carragáin Royal Irish Academy Dr P. Robinson The Executive Secretary Ms G. Ruane Dr Kate O’Malley (Assistant Editor) M. Katharine Simms Department of Foreign Affairs Dr Matthew Stout Ms Marianne Bolger Professor Kevin Whelan Mr Tim Mawe (The Cartographic and Managing Editor in Ms Jean McManus attendance) Ms Maureen Sweeney

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New Survey of Clare Island Dr Matthew Jebb Editorial Committee: Dr Tom Kelly The President Roderick P. Kernan The Science Secretary Dr. T. Kieran McCarthy Dr John Breen Mr Conleth Manning (Secretary) Peter Coxon MartinW. Steer (Chair and Managing Editor) Dr John Feehan Mr Donal Synnott Dr John R. Graham APPENDIX IV Academy Staff*

ACCOUNTS Ms Marie Byrne Volume Assistant Ms Lesley Goulding Head of Accounts Ms Penny Iremonger Research Assistant Ms Lisa Doyle Assistant Accounts Officer Ms Jennifer Fitzgibbon Illustrations Manager Ms Iyabode Adeyeni Assistant Accounts Officer Ms Fiona Hallinan Illustrations Assistant (Intern) ADMINISTRATION COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS Ms Laura Mahoney Executive Secretary Incumbent Mr Pauric Dempsey Head of Communications Ms Rebecca Gageby Senior Programme Manager and Public Affairs Ms Vanessa Carswell Acting Senior Programme Ms Lorraine Wemyss Communications and Manager Public Affairs Assistant (JobBridge Intern) Ms Gilly Clarke Acting Senior Programme DIGITAL HUMANITIES Manager OBSERVATORY Dr John Maguire Acting Senior Programme Manager Mr Shawn Day DHO Project Manager Ms Rebecca Farrell Programme Manager Mr Niall O’Leary DHO Project Manager (IT) Mr Paul Lynam Programme Manager DIGITAL REPOSITORY Ms Karen Ayton Senior Executive Assistant OF IRELAND Ms Anisa Brennan Senior Executive Assistant Ms Caroline McCormack Senior Executive Dr Sandra Collins Director Assistant Ms Paddi Leinster Programme Manager Ms Inez Walsh Senior Executive Assistant DICTIONARY OF IRISH ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF BIOGRAPHY IRELAND PROJECT Mr James McGuire Managing Editor Ms Anita Griffin Project Manager Dr James Quinn Executive Editor Dr John Montague Assistant Editor Dr Linde Lunney Editorial Secretary Dr Ellen Rowley Assistant Editor Mr Lawrence White Research and Editorial Ms Livia Hurley Assistant Editor Assistant Mr Jonathan Williams Copy Editor Mr Turlough O’Riordan Research and Editorial Ms Órfhlaith Flynn Project Assistant Assistant Dr Rachel Moss Editor Volume I Mr Terry Clavin Research and Editorial Assistant Ms Catherine Marshall Co-Editor Volume V (on Dr Patrick Maume Editorial Assistant secondment from IMMA)

* (corrected to 31 May 2012) Note: Includes staff on career break and maternity leave at 31 May 2012. Includes Interns and JobBridge Interns at 31 May 2012

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DOCUMENTS ON IRISH LIBRARY FOREIGN POLICY Ms Siobhán Fitzpatrick Librarian Dr Michael Kennedy Executive Editor Dr Bernadette Cunningham Deputy Librarian Dr Kate O’Malley Assistant Editor Ms Petra Schnabel Deputy Librarian Ms Ann Marie Graham Editorial Assistant Ms Amy Hughes Assistant Librarian (Intern) Ms Sophie Evans Assistant Librarian Mr Karl Vogelsang Library Assistant DICTIONARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN Mr Dave McKeon Library Assistant FROM CELTIC SOURCES Ms Dymphna Moore Senior Executive Assistant Dr Anthony Harvey Editor Ms Lisa Berigan Library Assistant (JobBridge Ms Jane Power Project Assistant Intern) Ms Angela Malthouse Project Assistant Mr Christopher Sweeney Library Assistant (JobBridge Intern) FACILITIES Ms Clare Lanigan Archival Assistant (Intern) Mr Hugh Shiels Facilities Manager POLICY RESEARCH Mr Paul Mitchell Services Officer Mr Gearóid Mac Duinnshleibhe Caretaker Sinéad Riordan Senior Research Policy Officer

FOCLÓIR NA NUA-GHAEILGE PUBLICATIONS Ms Eilís Ní Mhearraí Bainisteoir Tionscnaimh Ms Ruth Hegarty Managing Editor Ms Déirdre D’Auria Eagarthóir Cúnta Ms Helena King Assistant Editor Ms Roisín Jones Assistant Editor FOCLÓIR NA NUA GHAEILGE - Ms Maggie Armstrong Assistant Editor AN CHARRAIG Mr Trevor Mullins Publications Assistant Dr Eithne Ní Ghallchobhair Eagarthóir Cúnta Ms Fidelma Slattery Graphic Designer Ms Cáit Mhac Fhionnlaoich Bainisteoir Mr Jeff Wilson Marketing Officer (JobBridge Mr Gréagóir Mac Giolla Easbuig Ionchuradóir Intern) /Cóipcheartaitheoir RESEARCH PROGRAMMES AND Ms Máire Mhic Fhionnlaoich Próiseálaí INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Téacsanna Ms Nóra Uí Ghallchóir Próiseálaí Téacsanna Ms Laura Mahoney Head of Research Mr Niall Ó Ceallaigh Próiseálaí Téacsanna Programmes and International Relations Ms Caroline Ní Chasaide Próiseálaí Téacsanna Dr John Maguire Acting Senior Programme Manager HUMAN RESOURCES Mrs Róisín Quigley HR Officer Ms Jemma Lyons HR Assistant IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS Ms Sarah Gearty Cartographic and Managing Editor Ms Angela Murphy Editorial Assistant Ms Jennifer Moore Editorial Assistant Ms Rhiannon Carey-Bates Editorial Assistant IT Mr Wayne Aherne Head of IT Mr Alan Jacob Senior IT Support Specialist Mr David Martin IT Support Specialist Ms Maura Matthews Webmaster

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APPENDIX V Summary of Accounts FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2011

General Purposes Current Account* Income €

Grant-in-aid 3,282,000 Entrance fees and Members’ subscriptions 33,568 Sale of publications 120,178 Sale of proceedings 43,584 Miscellaneous 96,016 Brought forward from previous year 569,991 Room rental 22,168 Department of the Gaeltacht 121,738 Total Income 4,289,243 Direct Expenditure Audit, law, bank, professional charges 30,745 Fuel and light 25,307 Furniture, equipment and household 52,322 Discourses 8,945 Miscellaneous 26,652 General insurances 8,574 Information technology 161,568 Supplementary pensions 120,828 Postage and telephone 28,944 Printing administrative 8,255 Salaries and wages 1,213,562 Stationery and office equipment 46,607 Training and consultancy 64,665 Total Direct Expenditure 1,796,974 Allocations to Special Accounts International Unions and General Assemblies account 53,890 Library account 358,277 Print Proceedings account 332,999 General Publications account 98,071 Foclóir na Nua-Gaeilge account 358,554 Celtic Latin Dictionary account 105,368 International Exchanges and Fellowships account 21,970

Irish Historic Towns Atlas account 129,408 Dictionary of Irish Biography account 290,239 Documents in Irish Foreign Policy account 5,000 Total of Allocations 1,753,776 Total of Expenditure 3,550,750 Income 4,289,243 Expenditure 3,550,750 SurplusDeficit EOY 168,502 Carried forward from previous years 569,991

*The above accounts are shown on a cash receipts basis. Under the provisions of the Comptroller and Auditor-General (Amendment) Act 1993, the Academy’s accounts are subject to audit on an accruals basis by the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

The Academy’s audited accounts for 2011 had not been received by the Academy from the Comptroller and Auditor- General’s Office up to the date of the Annual Review going to print. 96