Aleister Crowley, O Poeta Do Novo Aeon

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Aleister Crowley, O Poeta Do Novo Aeon Aleister Crowley, o poeta do Novo Aeon Vitor Cei Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais A palavra ocultismo, do latim occultare, resgatar valores buscados quase que alea- “esconder”, designa, desde o século XIX, toriamente entre a mística oriental e idealiza- correntes doutrinárias que admitiam como ções cósmico-panteístas, através das quais verdade fundamental a existência de rea- o homem poderia supostamente recuperar o lidades supra-sensíveis e supra-racionais, sagrado que foi reprimido pela racionalidade acreditando que tais realidades intervêm na moderna e, por conseguinte, algum sentido vida humana. Os ocultistas crêem poder se diante da crise de valores que marcou a vi- comunicar com as entidades espirituais, u- rada do século XIX para o XX. Conforme sando as suas forças ou energias para obter Cesar Augusto de Carvalho: efeitos benéficos (magia branca) ou maléfi- cos (magia negra). A concepção mítica da Terra como Na Inglaterra, entre o final do século XIX a Grande Mãe, recuperada das e o início do século XX, revivals religiosos tradições indígenas e orientais, disseminavam a cultura egípcia, com suas fundamenta a visão holística de lendas de maldições de faraós e seitas cul- uma totalidade integrada por re- tuando os antigos deuses. Essa conjuntura lações de interdependência. Visão se faz representar pelo holismo, doutrina que que é, também, uma tentativa de prioriza o entendimento integral do todo, resolver a dicotomia entre corpo e buscando uma “união cósmica” entre hu- mente, espírito e matéria e, com mano, divino e natureza. isso, resolver a questão da dua- A palavra holismo, do grego hólon, lidade, o fundamento da lógica “todo”, em inglês remete tanto a whole racional (CARVALHO, 2008, p. (inteiro, global) quanto a holy (sagrado). 26-27). No contexto pós-moderno de profecias apo- É nesse contexto marcado por ocultismo e calípticas que anunciam a crise da razão e o holismo que nasceu a insólita idéia de “Novo fim do saber objetivo, o holismo é uma tenta- Aeon” apresentada pelo escritor e feiticeiro tiva de reencontrar a totalidade do universo, inglês Aleister Crowley (1875 -1947). Se- unindo a consciência cósmica individual ao gundo o ocultista Lon Milo DuQuette, Crow- cosmos (JAPIASSÚ, 1996). ley, em 1904, durante sua viagem de lua-de- O holismo surge como uma proposta mel ao Cairo, no Egito, teria psicografado de reencantamento do mundo. Ele tenta sua principal obra, o Livro da Lei (Líber AL 2 Vitor Cei vel Legis) da entidade espiritual autodeno- mento espontâneo e as mulheres eram con- minada Aiwass, um mensageiro dos deuses sideradas fontes da vida. Segundo DuQuette: do Novo Aeon. O insólito evento corres- ponderia ao inicio de uma nova era (DU- Nos obscuros princípios do éon, QUETTE, 2007). os humanos eram ignorantes sobre O que é isto – o Novo Aeon? A palavra os mistérios do sexo e do nasci- latina aeon apresenta os sentidos de era, mento, da sua causa e efeito. A tempo, geração ou eternidade. Sua origem vida parecia vir apenas da mulher. etimológica é o vocábulo grego Aiôn, nome O sangue escorria do seu corpo próprio de uma entidade alegórica, filha de inexplicavelmente com o mesmo Cronos. Aiôn, um dos conceitos gregos ciclo que a lua tinha. Quando de tempo, se reveste de diversos sentidos: o ciclo de sangramento era inter- tempo sem idade, eternidade, idade, geração rompido, a barriga dela inchava e século (PEREIRA, 1998; PAIVA, 2000). durante nove luas até que uma Enquanto experiência de tempo, a palavra nova vida brotasse. Então, ela pode se referir tanto ao período que a pessoa continuava nutrindo essa vida com já viveu quanto ao período que ainda viverá. seu leite, o sangue branco dos Pode significar, ainda, o passado obscuro e seios dela, e sem esse alimento, distante ou o futuro longínquo. Em outra tirado diretamente de seu corpo, a perspectiva, apresenta os sentidos de vida, nova vida morreria (DUQUETTE, duração da vida, medula espinhal, substân- 2007, p. 35). cia vital, esperma, suor (PEREIRA, 1998; PAIVA, 2000). O início do Aeon de Osíris marca o fim Crowley afirma que cada grande período do matriarcalismo e o início do patriarca- espiritual (Aeon) é caracterizado por uma lismo. Quando se tornou conhecido que sem fórmula mágica que consistiria no enunciado o sêmem do homem a mulher permanece- de como os fatos e as teorias cosmológicas ria estéril, aconteceu uma revolução na cons- são percebidos, podendo tomar a forma de ciência de gênero e na organização social: a axiomas ou conjuntos de símbolos que au- Grande Deusa assumiu o lugar de esposa do mentariam a capacidade dos indivíduos de Deus Pai. Em aproximadamente 260 a.C., perceberem a si mesmos e ao universo. início da era astrológica de Peixes, a fórmula O mago reconhecia nos deuses egípcios patriarcal osiriana havia se cristalizado como Ísis, Osíris e Hórus (respectivamente mãe, o mito central de incontáveis culturas e civi- pai e filho) as fórmulas mágicas caracterís- lizações, continuando a dominar até hoje a ticas dos três últimos Aeons. O primeiro, a vida espiritual e sociocultural da maior parte fórmula da Grande Deusa, teria começado da humanidade. aproximadamente em 2.400 a.C., data que A doutrina osiriana – de modo semelhante também marcaria o começo da era astroló- à moderna ideologia burguesa do progresso gica de Áries. O período seria marcado pelo – apregoa que os males do presente (subde- matriarcalismo, em que a natureza era perce- senvolvimento, infortúnios, sacrifícios, pri- bida como um processo contínuo de cresci- vações e violências de todo tipo) serão re- www.bocc.ubi.pt Aleister Crowley, o poeta do Novo Aeon 3 compensados por bens futuros (desenvolvi- de defensor do uso de sexo e drogas para mento, dinheiro, liberdade, prazer e poder). fins mágicos. Foi partidário de um indivi- Todavia, o que acontece no Aeon de O- dualismo extremista, apregoando a autono- síris é uma cumplicidade entre progresso e mia individual na busca da liberdade e na regresso, associados ao mesmo projeto: o satisfação das inclinações naturais, em detri- do ímpeto desenfreado de extração e acumu- mento da hegemonia da coletividade massi- lação de riquezas, demolindo quase todas as ficada e despersonalizada. Sua magia con- barreiras naturais e morais. No Velho Aeon, dena todas as formas de poder e autoridade privilegiados e excluídos são as duas faces que restrinjam a soberania e a liberdade ab- da mesma moeda. solutas do indivíduo. O Novo Aeon, por sua vez, seria o de O ocultista José Roberto Abrahão explica Hórus, a fórmula mágica da criança coroada que Aleister Crowley, dentro do espírito e conquistadora, que reconciliaria e trans- da Lei de Thelema, definiu a magia como cenderia a fórmula das duas eras anteriores, “a ciência e arte de provocar mudanças de tendo-se em vista que os Aeons são marca- acordo com a vontade” (ABRAHÃO, 2006, dos por uma cosmovisão predominante, mas p. 13). Abrahão classifica a magia do não constituem períodos estanques. Ou seja, escritor inglês como pragmática, em con- o iniciar de uma era não significa o fim das traposição a uma magia dogmática. Esta anteriores, e sim sua perda de influência. última, assim como as religiões predomi- Dessa forma ainda se encontram os antigos nantes, faz uso de símbolos canônicos, a- valores no decorrer do tempo. Nesse sentido, lheios aos indivíduos. A pragmática, por desde o início do século XX vem aconte- sua vez, se caracteriza por fazer uso ape- cendo um combate entre as forças dos Aeons nas de símbolos pessoais. Os autênticos de Osíris e de Hórus, o pai autoritário contra thelemitas buscariam um caminho indivi- o filho rebelde. dual, anárquico, fazendo uso de simbologias O presságio do Novo Aeon era seria im- singulares. pulsionado pela fórmula mágica designada Para alcançarmos uma melhor compreen- “Lei de Thelema”, expressão simbólica que são da doutrina thelemita, precisamos fazer se deve enunciar e seguir para se alcançar o a leitura do Liber Oz, manifesto de Crowley Novo Aeon. que resume os preceitos da Lei de Thelema A palavra grega thelema pode ser e serve como declaração de princípios para o traduzida por vontade. Etimologicamente, Novo Aeon. Nas palavras do autor (CROW- aproxima-se de theós, o divino, e de thélgo, LEY, 2009): encantar magicamente (PEREIRA, 1998). Os três sentidos da palavra, como veremos, “A Lei do Forte: Essa é a nossa lei e a misturam-se na Lei de Thelema, que tem alegria do mundo” (AL 2.21). como máxima “Faze o que tu queres deverá “Faze o que queres, há de ser tudo da ser o todo da Lei!” (CROWLEY, 1999, p. 6). Lei” (AL 1.40). Crowley, coerente com a fórmula do Novo “Não tens direito fora fazer o que queres. Faz isto, e ninguém dirá não” Aeon, foi um poeta da liberdade irrestrita (AL 1.42-3). e da vontade como máxima soberana, além www.bocc.ubi.pt 4 Vitor Cei “Todo homem e toda mulher é uma es- de esperar que um poder transcendente jus- trela” (AL 1.3). tifique o mundo, o ser humano tem de dar NÃO HÁ DEUS ALÉM DO HOMEM sentido à própria vida. A vontade de toda 1- O homem tem o direito de viver pessoa já estaria em perfeita harmonia com pela sua própria lei a vontade divina, constituindo uma única e de viver da maneira que ele quiser; mesma vontade. Assim, a única fonte de o- de trabalhar como ele quiser; rientação espiritual confiável em todo o uni- de brincar como ele quiser; verso seríamos nós mesmos. O indivíduo, de descansar como ele quiser; não Deus, passa a ser o centro do Universo, de morrer quando e como ele quiser. 2- O homem tem o direito de comer o declara o mago: “Eu estou só: não existe que ele quiser Deus onde eu sou” (CROWLEY, 1999, p.
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