E-246 VOL. 3
Public Disclosure Authorized Sichuan Urban Environment Project (SUEP)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Public Disclosure Authorized Volume3 Appendices
December 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Sichuan Research and Monitoring Institute of Environmental Protection N
SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT (SUEP)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Volume 3 Appendices
DECEMBER 1998
This report has been prepared by Sichuan Research and Monitoring Institute of Environmental Protection
With the Assistance of Mott MacDonald Limited, Cambridge, U.K. SICHIUAN tIRI-AN 1'NJVIRONNMENTPRO.IECT ENVVIRONNINTAL ASSESSdiENT Voilunme3-Appenidices
CONTENTS
VOLUME 1- ExecutiveSummary
VOLUMEX- Main Report
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SUEP Projectand Components 1.1.1 Sichuan ProvinceOverview 1. 1.' ProvincialGovernment 1.1.3 SUEP Project and World Bank
1.2 Descriptionof the Study Area 1.2.] Economvof Sichuan Province 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources 1.2.3 DomesticWater Supplies and Utilisation 1.2.4 SewerageSystems 1.5.5 Solid Waste and Sludge Disposal Svstems in Place 1.2.6 Population,Water Suppiv. Wastewaterand MSW Projections
1.3 Policv. Legaland AdministrativeFramework
1.4 Scope and Standardsof EnvironmentalAssessment
1.5 Need for the Project
1.6 AssessmentObjectives. Criteria,Parameters
1.7 EA PreparationRequirements
1.8 SRIEP and Participants
1.9 EA Organisation
2.0 Description of the Proposed Project
2.1 Overviewof SUEP Phase I Project Components
2.2 Project Formulationand Development 2.2. 1 COWI/DHI Project Inventoriesand Ranking 2.2.2 WorldBank Review. Mav 1997 2.'.3 World Bank Final Project Selection. October 1997/March 1998 .'2.4 Ongoing Activities . Future Phases of SUEP
2.3 Detailsof SUEP Phase I Component Projects '.3.1 Leshan Number 4 WTW SICHUAN UKB.ASENvRONMENT l'ROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSNIENT Volume , - Appendices
2.3.2 Zigong, Min River Intake and Yuan Ba Chang WTW 2.3.3 Luzhou Beijiao WTW 2.3.4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW 2.3.5 ChengduNr 2 WwTW(at Long Quan) 2.3.6 Leshan WastewaterCollection and PreliminarvTreatment System '.3.7 Devang WwTW 2.3.8 Zieon2 WwTW 2.3.9 Leshan IMunicipalSolid Waste Project 2.3.10 Urban ManaaementInformation Systems (UMIS) 2.3. I Cultural Heritaue 2.3.12 Technical Assistance
2.4 Cost Estimates for Proposed Projects 2.4.I General 2.4.2 Capital Costs 2.4.3 Operating Costs
2.5 ImplementationSchedule
3.0 Description of the Environment (Provincial Overview)
3.1 Phvsical Environment 3.1.1 Geology 3.1.2 Topography 3.1.3 Soils 3.1.4 Climate and Meteorology 3.1.5 Air Quality 3.1.6 Noise 3.1.7 Surface and GroundwaterHydrology
3.2 Bioloeical Environment 3.2.1 Flora 3.2.2 Fauna 3.2.3 Special Issues
3.3 Socio-culturalEnvironment 3.3.1 Project Area Overview 3.3.2 Social and Public Health Issues 3.3.3 Finance and Economics 3.3.4 InstitutionalIssues
3.4 Area of Special Designation 3.4.1 EndangeredFlora and Fauna 3.4.2 Historicand Cultural Sites 3.4.3 Parklandsor Other Special Sites 3.4.4 WatershedProtection Zones SICHUAN URBA N ENVIRONMENT PROJFCT ENVIRONNIENTAL ASSESSMFNT Volume 3-Appendices
4.0 EnvironmentalManagement and Problems
4.1 Water and EnvironmentalInstitutional Arrangements 4.1.1 National Level 4.1.2 ProvincialLevel 4.1.3 Citv and Countrv Level
4.2 Attainment of Goals. Standards.Reaulations 4.2.1 Surface Water Quality 4.2.2 GroundwaterQuality 4.2.3 Water Supplies,Treatment and Distribution 4.2.4 Wastewater Collectionand SepticTanks 4.2.5 Wastewater Discharges- Domestic 4.2.6 WastewaterDischarges - Industrialand Other 4.2.7 IndustrialDischarges to SewerageSvstems 4.2.8 Sludge Disposal for Septic Tanks and WwTW 4.2.9 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal 4.2.10 Landfilland Solid Waste TreatmentDesigns 4.. 11 IndustrialSolid Wastes 4.2.1' Health and Safetv
4.3 River Svstems 4.3.1 vlin River Basin MonitoringData 4.3.2 Tuo River Basin MonitoringData 4.3.3 Yangtze River Basin ivMonitoringData 4.3.4 Urban PollutionImpacts Assessment 4.3.5 Summarv
5.0 Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project
. ..,-..- 5.1 Positive Impacts (Local. Basin) 5.1.1 Leshan Nr 4 WTW 5.1 .' Zigong Min River Diversion and WTW 5.1.3 Luzhou Beijiao WTW 5.1.4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW 5.1.5 Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW 5.1.6 Leshan WastewaterCollection and Preliminarv Treatment Svstem 5.1 .' Devana WwTW 5.1.8 Ziuong WwTW 5.1.9 Leshan MunicipalSolid Waste Project 5.1.10 Summarv of Phase I Positive Impacts
5.2 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts 5.'. 1 Leshan Nr 4 WTW * 5 2.2 Zigong Min River Diversion and WTW 5.2.3 Luzhou Beijiao WTW 5.2.4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW 5.2.5 Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW SICHUAN t;RBA\N \VIRl)N.xIlNI PRO(MlCl' ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNIENT Volume - Appendices
5.2.6 Leshan Wastewater Collection and Preliminarv Treatment Svstem 5.2.7 Deyang WwTW 5.2.8 Zigon, WwvTW 5.2.9 Leshan Municipal Solid Waste Project 5.2.10 Summarv of Phase I Construction Impacts
5.3 PotentialOperational Phase Impacts 5.3.1 Leshan Nr 4 WTW 5.3.2 Zi-ong Min River Diversionand WTW 5.3.3 Luzhou Beijiao WTW 5.3.4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW 5.3.5 Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW 5.3.6 Leshan Wastewater Collection and Preliminary Treatment System 5.3.7 Devang WwTW 5.3.8 Zigong WwTW 5.3.9 Leshan MvlunicipalSolid Waste Project 5.3.10 Summarv of Potential Operational Phase Impacts
5.4 CumulativeSUEP Phase I Impacts 5.4.1 Related SUEP Components 5.4.2 Other EnvironmentalImprovement Programs
6.0 Analysis of Alternativesto the Proposed Project
6.1 Altematives Reviewed in Project Development 6.1.1 Leshan Number 4 WTW 6.1.' Zizonz Min River Diversion and WTW 6.1.3 Luzhou Beijiao WTW 6.1.4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW 6.1.5 ChengduNr 2 WwTW 6.1.6 Leshan Wastew-ater Collection and Preliminarv Treatment System 6.1.7 Devang WwTW 6.1.8 Zigon2 WwTW 6.1.9 Leshan Municipal Solid Waste Project
6.2 No Project Alternatives
6.3 Phase I SUEP Projects Connection to Ongoing Activities and Future SUEP Projects
7.0 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans
. I Mitiuation and Monitorin- Pro2ram 7.1.1 Construction Phase - WTW 7.I .' Construction Phase - WwTW 7.1.3 Construction Phase - MSW 7.1.4 Operation Phase - WTW 7. 1.' Operation Phase - WwvTW 7.1.6 Operation Phase - MSW
7.2 Institutional Responsibilities SICHIJAN URBAN I-NVIRONMl'1:NT P'IO0JrCT FNVIRONNIENTAL ASSESSMIENIT Volumne3 - Appendices
7.3 Equipmentand Training Requirements 7.4 Impactsand Costs of Plan
8.0 Public Processand EA Public Participation
8.1 MeetinQswith Public Officials in DevelopingProject and EA
8.2 Survevof Public Officials and Citizens in ProjectArea
8.3 Summarv of Public Input
9.0 Summarvand Conculsions
9.1 Water Supply Projects
9.2 WastewaterCollection and Treatment Facilities
9.3 MunicipalSolid Waste Projects
9.4 Conclusionsand Recommendations
VOLUME 3- APPENDICES
Appendix A - Urban Pollution Impact Assessment (MI)
Appendix B - Approachesto Water and WastewaterTreatment
AppendixC -
Appendix D - RelevantNational and InternationalStandards
Appendix E -
t *'- r: )rsrr8- SICIIu.ANl:RBAN ENViRONN1FN-TPRO.IFCT UNVIRON\IF7NTALASSESSM'IENT VoltmeS - Appendices
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.I Key Issues. SUEP Major Issues Report of March 1997 (COWI/DHI) Table I .2 HydrologicalCharacteristics of Selected River Basins Table 1.3 Total Water Requirements.Leshan Table 1.4 Total Water Requirements.Zigong Table 1.5 Median Maximum Water Requirements. Luzhou Beijiao Table 1.6 Domestic Water Demand Forecasts. Luzhou Daxikou
Table 1.7. Projection of Wastewater in 3 rd Drainage Area. Chengdu Table 1.8 Total Wastewaterto Interceptor. Leshan Table 1.9 Projectionof Wastewater from Western DrainageArea. Deyang Table 1.10 Total Wastewater Entering Interceptor.Zigong Table 1.11 MSW Forecast, Leshan Table 1.12 SRIEP - MembersParticipating the EA work of the SUEP Project Table 2.1 SUEP Phase I Project Components Table 2.2 Ranking of MunicipalWastewater Schemes(COWI/DHI) Table 2.3 Ranking of MunicipalWater Supply Schemes (COWI/DHI) Table 2.4 Ranking of Municipal Solid Waste Schemes (COWI/DHI) Table '.5 SUEP Phase I Construction Schedule (typical) Table 2.6 World Bank Water Resources Management Principles and Issues (COWI/DHI) Table '.7 World Bank Decisions of May 1997 Importantto EA Table 2.8 Summarv of Proposed Phase I Water Supply Schemes Table 2.9 Summary Details Wastewater Works Table 2.10 Cost Estimates for Water Supply Schemes Table 2.11 Cost Estimates for Wastewater Schemes Table 2.12 MSW Facilitiesand their Costs Table 2.13 SUEP implementationprogram Table 3.1 The Incidenceof Water-borne and other Diseasesin the Project Cities Table 3.2 Summarv of Draft ResettlementAction Plan Table 3.3 Economic and Financiai Indicators for Water Suppiv Schemes Table 3.4 Economic and Financial Indicators for WastewaterSchemes Table 3.5 Economic and Financial Indicators. MSW Table 4.1 National Water and EnvironmentalLaws Importantto SUEP (COWIJDHI) Table 4.2 EnvironmentalStandards for Surface Water. National Standard GB 3838-88. Issued I June 1988 Table 4.3 Lenath of river sections satisfving the Class III water qualitv objective bv 2020 after StrateLyyimplementation Table 4.4 Chengdu Main Water Quality Monitoring Values (average in mg!l) Table 4.5 MonitoringCross-sections of Rivers. Chenudu Table 4.6 Statistic Data of Water Quality Monitoring. Chengdu Table 4.7 Water Quality Monitoring Summarv. Chengdu Table 4.8 Monitoring Results of Surface Water. Leshan Table 4.9 The Quality of Water Sources in Leshan Table 4. 10 Raw Water Monitoring Results at Ganyan Cross-section of Qingyi River (for Leshan Nr 3 Water Treatment Works) (1991 -1996) Table 4.11 Average Water Qualitv of the Min River. 1990-91 Table 4. 12 Monitoring Results at the Intake of the Min River.(Mav 1996) Table 4.1 Monitoring Cross-sectionsof the Mianyuan River SiCIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPRO(IECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNIENT VoluLme3 - Appendices
Table 4.14 Monitoring Results of Assessment Section of Mianyuan River Table 4.15 Zigong- Fuxi River MonitoringStations Table 4.16 Water Qualitv Monitoring Results of the Fuxi River in 1996 Table 4.17 Water QualityAssessment Statistics in 1996 in Luzhou Water Company Table 4.18 Raw Water Quality Survev Statistics Report - Yangtze. Luzhou Anfu Table 4.19 Selected Water Quality Parameters in Yanatze River and the Frequency the National Standard is Exceeded Table 4.20 Expected Changes in Water Quality in Sichuan Rivers and Impact of Proposed WastewaterSchemes Based on an Analysis of MIIKEI I Runs. Table 4.21 RankedCost Benefit for All Schemesand Combinations Involving Wastewater Treatment Table 4.2 Ranked Benefit Cost for Municipal Wastewater Collection and Treatment Schemes Table 7.1 Raw Water Supplv Sources. Intake Structures Table 7.2 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission Table 7.3 Water Treatment Works Site Table 7.4 Treated Water Pumping and Water Storage Table 7.5 DistributionSvstem and Water Consumers Table 7.6 Construction Debris Table 7.7 WastewaterTransmission and Pumping Table 7.8 Wastewater Treatment Plant Table 7.9 Sludge ManagementSystem Table 7.10 Construction Debris Disposal Table 7.1 1 Collection and Transfer Svstems Table 7.12 Sanitarv Landfill Table 7.13 Leachate Handling, Existing Facilitv Table 7.14 Construction Debris Disposal Table 7.15 Raw Water Suppiv Source. Intake Structure Table 7.16 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission Table .17 Water Treatment Works Site. Including Pumping Station Table 7.18 Residuals Disposal Table 7.19 DistributionSystem and Water Consumers Table 7.20 Solid Waste. Septage. and Direct Discharge Sources Table 7.21 Raw Sewage. Domesticand Industrial Sources to Sewer Svstems Table . Raw Sewage Overtlowvs.Various Locations Tabie 7.23 WastewaterTransmission and Pumpina Table 7.24 WastewarerTreatment Plant Table 7.25 Sludge Management Svstem Table 7.26 Receiving Water Issues Table 7.7 Waste sater Reuse and Downstream Users Tabie 7.28 Solid Waste Sources Table 7.29 Collection and Transfer Svstems Table 7.30 Street Washing and Sweeping Equipment Table 7.3.1 Sanitarv Landfills Table 7.32 Leachate Treatment Plants Table 7.33 Local and Downstream Water Users Table 7.34 SRIEP EnvironmentalMonitoring Costs Table 8.1 SRIEP Public Opinion Survey Form Table 8.2 Summarv of Public Responses. SRIEP Survey
41367E. \.AiPENDICES vii ftFFMRFR SICIIUWAN URBA\N i.NVIRON%iEN-ri'RoIi-C'! ENVIRONNIFNT.\1. \SSESSMIENT Volumtt.e Appendicecs
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Sichuan ProvinceLocation Figure 1.2 Upper Yangtze Basin Main Rivers Figure 1.3 Project Citv Figure 1.4 Chengdu Plain Rivers & Channels Figure 1.5 Min River Svstem- Present Figure 1.6 Tuo River Svstem - Present Figure 1.7 YanggtzeRiver System - 1993-4. Spring Figure 1.8 Yangtze Nutrient loads & Algae Problem Potential Figure 1.9 Sources of Pollution- Whole Yangtze Basin Figure 2.1 Leshan Water SupplyExisting DistributionNetwork Figure 2.2 Leshan Water SupplyProject Schematic Figure '.3 ProjectLocation and Urban Water DistributionNetwork Figure 2.4 Zigong Water Supply ProjectSchematic Figure 2.5 Locationof the BeijiaoProject Figure 2.6 Luzhou Beijiao Water Supplv Project Schematic Figure 2.7 Locationof the DaxikouProject Figure 2.8 Luzhou DaxikouWater Supply ProjectSchematic Fi-ure 2.9 Chengdu DrainageAreas Figure 2.10 Chengdu InterceptorSewer Route Schematic Figure 2.11 Leshan WastewaterPlan of InterceptorSewers Figure 2.12 Leshan InterceptorSewer Route Schematic Fiigure2.13 Deyang WastewaterExistingi Sewerage Figure 2. 14 Devang WastewaterProject Schematic Figure 2.15 Zigong DrainageAreas Figure 2.16 Zigong WastewaterProject Schematic Ficure 2.17 Locationof Leshan LandfillSite Fisgure2.18 Leshan MunicipaiSoiid Waste General Layout Figure 2.19 Leshan MunicipalSolid Waste Project Schematic Fiaure 4.1 EPB organisationchart. Figure 4.2 Contributionof different Strategy Componentto Improvementin Basin PollutionIndex for the Upper Yangtze Basin(COWI/DHI)
1167 E.VAPPEN DICES rc r¶ tt SICHUAN L:RBA I \VIRO0NMENT PROJECT ENVIRONN1FNTAIL ASSESSMENT Volurne±SAppendices
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AIC Average IncrementalCost BOD BiochemicalOxygen Demand BMP Best ManagementPractice COD Chemical Oxvgen Demand dBA Decibels (noise level) DFID Departmentfor InternationalDevelopment EA EnvironmentalAssessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EPB EnvironmentProtection Bureau EPO EnvironmentProtection Officers ERI EnvironmentalResearch Institute FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return GDP Gross DomesticProduct GVIO Gross Value of Industrial Output Ha Hectare hh Household IMR Infant Mortalitv Rate m3/s cubic metres per second m3,d cubic metres per day m3/h cubic metre per hour M&E mechanicaland electrical MI/d meza litres per dav mmM Mott MacDonald MSW municipal solid waste OVI ObjectivelyVerifiable Indicators PAC Poly-aluminiumChloride PAM Polv-acrvlamide PC Project Component RAP ResettlementAction Plan SPG Sichuan ProvincialGovernment SUEPO Sichuan Urban Environment Project Office SWMEDRIC South West MunicipalEngineering Design and Research Institute of China ToR Terms of Reference t/a tonnes per annum t/d tonnes per day TVE Township and Village Enterprises WB World Bank WTP Willingnessto Pay WTW Water Treatment Works WxTW WastewaterTreatment Works WYR Western Yangtze Re2ion SICHUANtIRBA\N ENVIRONMENT PRO.IECT FNVIRONNIENT-\L ASSESSMFNT Volume 3 - Appendices
VOLUME 3 - Appendices
Appendix A. Urban Pollution Impacts Assessment, Mott MacDonald, 9/97.
Appendix B. Approaches to Water and WastewvaterTreatment B-I. Water Treatment B-2. Wastewater Treatment
Appendix C. Pre-Appraisal Summarv Report, 3/98.
Appendix D. Relevant National and Provincial Regulations and Standards SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONN1FNTAI.ASSESSkIENT Volume3 - Appendices
APPENDIXA
URBANPOLLUTION IMPACTS ASSESSMENT SICIlUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTlROJEC I ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixA
APPENDIXA Urban Pollution Impact Assessment
Table of Contents
Al Introduction...... 3 1.1 Objectives...... 1.1.1 Studv Area and Scope ...... 3 1.2 Summary of procedure...... 3 1..1I Use of Overall Oxygen Demand(OD) Parameter...... 4 1.2.2 The calculation of a Pollution Index...... A2 Computer Modelling Methods...... 7 2.1 Introduction...... 7 2.2 Choice of Input Data for models...... 7 2.3 Method of Data processing and informationextraction ...... 8 2.4 Simplified Modelling...... 9 .5 Calibration of MottSim for M inRiver ...... 9 .6 Calibration of MortSim For Tuo River ...... 11 2.7 Some Simplificationsand Assumptionsof the ModellingMethods ...... 12 A3 Results of Impact Assessment .. 15 3.1 MIKEI I Modelling .. 15 3.1.1 Set-up of Scenarios to be modelled. 1 3.1.2 Discussionof Results. 15 3.2 MortSim modelling.16 3.2.1 . Set-up of Scenarios to be modelled.16 3.2.2 Discussion of Results.17 A4 Assumptions .. 18 A5 Benefit Cost Analysis .. 23 S.I Introduction 3.. .1.1 Calculation of Costs.3 5.2 Discussion of Results .. 24 A6 Conclusions .. 27
41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-I DECEMBER1998 SICIHlU\N URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumc3 - Appendix A
List of Annexes
Annex A Flows and Pollutantconcentrations Predicted bv MIKE11 and Definitionof Nodes and reaches. Annex B Calibrationof hIottSim model to MIKE 11 Annex C MIKEII Predictions for impact of Phase I WWTW schemes in the vear 2010. Annex D MottSim Predictions of the impact of treatment scenarios on the River Min Annex-E . MottSim Predictions of the impact of treatment scenarios on the River Tuo Annex F Tables of pollutant Loads and reductions achievable bv treatment and locations of major industries.
List of Figures
Fi2ure 1.1 Map of Major rivers and cities in Sichuan. Figure 1.2 Data Flow through Models Fiuure 2.1 Schematic of Min Basin MottSim Model Fi2ure 2.2 Baseline calibration of MottSim Min River Model Fiaure 2.3 Phase I treatment verification of MottSim Min River Model Fiaure 2.4 Schematic of Tuo Basin MottSim Model Fiaure 2.5 Baseline calibration of MontSim Tuo River Model Figure 2.6 Phase I treatment verification of MortSim Tuo River Model Figure 3.1 MIKEI I predictions of Reach Pollution Index for Min and Tuo River Fiaure 3.2 Water Quality Impact of sewerage and WWTW schemes in Leshan - Overall Oxygen Demand Figaure3.3 Water Qualitv Impact of sewerage and WWTW schemes in Leshan - BOD Fiaure 3.4 Water Qualityv mpact of seweraee and WWTW schemes in Leshan - Ammonia
List of Tables
Table 2. Definition of scenarios to be run through MIKEI 1. Table 3.1 Definition of river reaches bv NMIKEII Chainage Table 3.2 Expected changes in water quality in Sichuan based on an analvsis of MIKEI I runs. Table 3.3 Summary of Loadings and assumptions used for different scenarios Table 3.4 Results of the N4ottSim Water Qualitv modelling for the river Min Table 3.5 Results of the MottSim Water Quality modelling for the river Tuo Table 4.1 Ranked benefit cost for all schemes and combinations involvinc w aste wvater Treatment Table 4.2 Ranked benefit cost for Municipal wastewater collection and treatment Schemes Table 4.3 Ranked benefit cost for Industrial wastewater reduction and treatment Schemes
41367.EA.APPPENDIX A A-2 DECEMBER 1998 SIC]IIC..%N URBAN ENVIRUNMNINTl'RULJEC ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppcndixA
Urban Pollution Impact Assessment
Al Introduction 1.1 Objectives
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) must consider both detrimental effects of schemes on the environmentand benefits of the scheme for the environment. The aim of this component of the project is to develop an objective method for comparing the relative improvements in the chemical and biological quality of water in the major rivers in the studv area in response to improvementsin the pollution control infrastructire. This is to be done bv operating computer models which mathematically represent the major factors affecting river water quality and allow predictions to be made of the changes in water quality for a range of planned wastewatertreatment schemes. In order to compare one scheme with another a River Pollution Index (RPI) has been devised which quantifies the degree to which the qualitv of water throughout a river basin meets the objectives set for water quality for that basin. The index is dimensionlessand can be used to compare the benefits of schemes in different river basins. In this report we have considered a total of 48 different schemes in 2 river basins. The benefits mav be compared to the costs in order to develop a ranked list of possible schemes showvingwhich have the greatest benefits for the least cost. Such a ranked list will be a planning aid for the prioritisation of schemes when used in conjunction with information regarding other economic and social factors affecting the schemes.
1.1.1 Studv Area and Scope
This study is assessing the impact of wastewater and sewerage schemes proposed in 5 cities: Chensdu: Leshan: Deyang;Neijiana and Zizong. which discharge to 2-rivers or tributaries of the rivers Nlin and Tuo which are themselves major tributaries of the Yangtse River. Figure I. I is a map showing the locations and sizes of the cities and rivers. The studv also brieflv considers impacts from industries around the cities and the effect of varving base flows in the rivers bv releasing clean water from headwater reservoirs during times of low flows. Separate and independent models have been constructed for the Min river basin and the Tuo river Basin.
1.2 Summary of procedure
To assess the impact of urban pollution prevention schemes there must be an understanding of the hydrolouv and chemistrv of the rivers. A limited amount of data is available from the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) routine water quality monitoring program and from the Water Resources Bureau hvdrometric monitoring program. This data on its own does not provide sufficient basis upon which to judge the merits of environmental infrastructure schemes. In order to make the most of the available data computerised mathematical models have been emploved. These mathematical models represent the river channels and catchments. Bv inputting the rainfall on the catchments over time the model can, by the use of equations describing the behaviour of water as it runs off the land and flows in a channel, predict the flows at anv point in the river svstem. By estimating the loads of pollutants running off the catchments and emanating from the cities, towns and industries then adding
41367.EA.Al'PPENDIX A A-3 DECEMBER1998 Figure 1.1 The Major Riversand Citiesof Sichuan
.%~~~~~~~~~4~
_ - "('0' \S L BPyan Chengdu '--3- - ' ' 04 gay gLeshan~ 35 Neijiang Zigong z ~~~~~~Luzhou Yso9 ~~~N TheModelled Rivers are Bold RiverCatchmrnts are Shaded ' WE TheCities are shownpresent size with projected size in 2010surroundin2 themn SICIII'-INl;R)3AN I-.NVlRON,%I.NT PROJLEI ENVIRONNIENT.\L A SSESSNIENT Volume 3 - Appendix A these pollutants to the river flows and taking account of the chemical reactions which will occur in the river, a prediction can be made of the river water quality at any point in the river. The model can be calibrated until it accuratelv represents the monitored data for the same time period during which the monitoring occurred. By varying the inputs for rainfall and pollutant loadings the models can be used to make reasonable predictions of water qualitv Linder future or hypothetical conditions. The fully dynamic modelling package MIKEI I forms the basis for predictions of water quality made in this report. MIKEI I is necessarilv a complex model and is time consuming to set-up and run for a large number of scenarios. We have therefore employed a much simpler model - MortSim - vhich can be calibrated to Ms1IKEi1. We have also developed a database application - MIKEBase - for processing the results of MIKE I I runs and entering them into MottSim. Figure 1.2 shows the data flow of this process. Figure 1.2 - Data Flow through Models / acmen1 j /Loadings P from COW I WI MItKE11 MIKEBasej R eBerBasin Poullon| NottSim l Ine alculations Ri\,eTBasin PolluUton IndesCalculations The river basin pollution index may be calculated from MIKE II directiv or bv MottSim based on ivlIKE I I Results. 1.2.1 Use of Overall Oxygen Demand (OD) Parameter In order for a river to support a healthy and diverse ecosvstem (which includes man) the water in the river shiould be well oxygenated and free from toxic pollutants. This project is considering impacts on Sichuan's rivers from discharges of municipal wastewater which is of domestic and industrial origin. The two most important parameters expressing the detrimental impact of such discharges are the 1. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) which is a measure how much oxygen will be consumed by the fluid over a period of 5 days as a result of processes of degradation of organic matter and respiration by micro organisms and 2. Ammonia as the ammonium ion (NH-) which, when dissociated to free un-ionised ammonia 41367EA.APPPENDIXA A 4 DECEMBER1998 SIcIt' , tRt3A,\ ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONM!IENTALASSESSMIENT Volunime - AppendixA (NH3) is highly toxic to fish, ammonia also exerts an oxygen demand as it is biochemicallv degraded to nitrate (NO3') and water; this oxyven demand is not included in the oxvgen demand expressed bv BOD. These two factors have been combined to create a parameter of Oxygen Demand(OD). This parameter is calculated accordingto the formula: OD = BOD + 4.3 * Ammonia The multiple of 4.3 times ammonia has been selected because. though chemically ammonia requires 4.57units of oxygen to decay. the decav process is facilitated by the action of micro oraanisms and some of the ammonia ends up being incorporated into the bacterial protoplasm in an unoxidised state such that on average 4.3 units of oxvaen are used for each unit of ammonia. 1.2.2 The calculation of a Pollution Index The procedure for calculating a pollution index is to compare the OD. estimated at selected points in the river. to the OD that the river water should show if it were in a state considered as unpolluted. The unpolluted state is determined from the river water quality standards assigned to each reach of the rivers bv the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB). This standard sets limits for a wide ranse of water qualitv parameters based on the assigning classes to reaches of the rivers. The classes are based upon the planned use of the river taking account of the realisticaliv achievable leveis of pollution control. Classes range from I for a river in pristine condition to 5 for a grossiv polluted watercourse. For the design horizon of this project (2010) it is reasonable to set the target river water qualitv as Class 3 for all the rivers except those headwater sections which have been assigned Class I or 2. At present the rivers running through the cities of Chengdu and Zigong have been assigned a standard of Class 4 bv the citv EPBs because the long term objective of Class 3 is not presentiv achievable. The class 3 standard for BOD is 4 mg/I and for Ammonia it is 0.02 ma/l of free un-ionised ammonia. From the river classifications the OD objective is calculated based upon the objective for BOD and the derived objective for ammonia. The reach pollution index is calculated bv selecting a representative point in the river reach. calculating the OD predicted by the computer model (ODp) at this point and dividing the OD, bv the objective OD (ODo). If the reach pollution index ODpI OD, is less than 1.0 then the reach mav be considered to meet its objective. in sLIcI cases the index is normalised to 1.0. If the reach pollution index ODP/ ODo is greater than 1.0then this is an indication of the degree of pollution. It is desirable to combine the indices calculated for each reach of a river to create an overall river pollution index. Because the river systems under consideration consist not oniv of the main river channel but also of a number of important tributaries the river pollution index is calculated for all these reaches and then called a river basin pollution index. The river basin pollution index is derived by subtracting I from the reach pollution index to eliminate any reaches that meet their objective. multiplving the reach pollution index bv the length of the reach. then dividing the total of this for all reaches bv the total length of the river. This index would be zero for an unpolluted river. Because the basin pollution index is normalised by length it is reasonable to compare the index calculated for one river basin with that calculated for another to give an overall indication of the degree of pollution. 41367-EA.APPPENDIXA A-5 DECEMBER 1998 SICII.\AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNMENT Voluinm3 - AppendixA Because the class standard concentration for ammonia is expressed as free unionised ammonia it is necessaryto translate this to a concentration of ionised ammonium. This can be done using a standard relationship which is dependent on temperature and pH. The temperature is modelled in MIIKE I and a gtlobal pH of 7.9 has been selected following a review of monitored pH values. For a uYivenconcentration of ammonium the proportion unionised will increase with both temperatureand pH. 41367.EA.AIPPPENDIXA A-6 DECEMBER1998 SlCICI[A tR13\N EN\'IRONMENI PROJEWr ENVIRON.MENTr,ALASSESSMENT Volunie 3 - Appendix .-\ A2 ComputerModelling Methods 2.1 Introduction The basis of all the vater qualitx' predictions in this project component is the computer model MIKEI I developed and used by DHI to model the Min. Tuo and Yangtze River basins. This is a filliv dynamic. I dimensional. hvdraulic and water quality model based upon data describina the diffuse inputs from rural and urban river catchments and point source inputs representingknown domestic and industriaidischarges. The input data have been prepared by COWl to represent the catchments for a range of different vears - 1987, 1995, 2000. and 2010. The model was calibrated to 1986-7 data then verified against 1993-4 data. The calibration and verification are effected by running I vear's rainfall data through the model then comparing the predicted flows and water chemistrv to records of field measurements. Changes are made to the coefficients in the model that describe the physical and chemical processes in nature. and modelling assumptionsand simplifications are reviewed until a good match is made between simulated and measured river data. 2.2 Choice of Input Data for models For the purposes of comparing wastewater improvementschemes it has been decided onlv to considered the situations in which the detrimental impact of the schemes is greatest. This is the situation of low river flows when there is the least available flow in the river to dilute and disperse the pollutants. Low river flows occur in Sichuan during the drv season which lasts from Januarv to eariv April. To simplifv data handling the average of one month results have been used in the calculation of all indices. It is considered that averaging over one month gives a period that is long enough to smooth the data and ensure that it is consistent. but short enough to ensure that it is representative of drv season conditions. To confirm the choice of the low flow month and see how floxwvariations affect the water qualit,v.the average BOD and ammonia was calculated for each month from .MIKE1I results for whole of 1987 then the maximum and minimum months selected to respectiveil represent low and high flow situations. This range of pollutant zloncentrationsunder different flow conditions is shown in Figure B5. included in Annex B. for the River Tuo. All of the major peak values occur in the month of March. confirming that this is the logical choice for low flow representation. -Aswell as selecting the lowest flow month of the vear. flows have been selected for a vear representing particularlv low flows. Full river flow data are available oniv for 1986-7 and 1993-4. to put these 2 years in context a brief analysis of the average annual flow data from the rivers since 1957 shows that. for the Min and the Tuo. 1987 is in the lower region of averaue flows. While annual averase flows do not reliably reflect low flow situations this data is all that has been made available to the project and it was not considered worthwhileto pursue a more detailed analvsis of flow data since it wvouldbe unlikelv to significantly alter anv of the relative rankings of the schemes. It has therefore been decided that flow data for March 1987 will be used in all MIIKEII runs for this project component. The last 2 weeks of Februarv were also run to provide a warm-up period for the model. 41367.EA.APPPEND[XA A-7 DECEMBER 1998 SlCIllAN ('IUAN FNViR()N.MINrT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume i - Appendix A The major scenarios considered are the impacts on water quality of the proposed wastewater schemes in the cities of Chen-du and Leshan on the Min River and Deyang, Neijiang and Zigong on the Tuo River. Estimates have been made of the likely reduction in discharges loads that will be achievedbv each of these schemes and MIKEI I run to simulatethe changes in water quality that will be brouL1gtabout by each of these schemes in isolation and by all possiblecombinations of schemes. The runs have been made using 1987 and 2010 catchment load data. All catchment loadin2s are derived from the Julv 1997 version of the spreadsheets for urban. rural and industrial loadings prepared by COWI. Load reductions are derived from the WWTW process desigznspecifications prepared in Julv 1997 bv Nlort MacDonald. Table .1 summarises the definition of the MIKE I I runs. Table 2.1 - Definitionof scenarios to be run through MIKE11. I Model I Min River Tuo River Cit Scenario Chengdu Leshan De,ang Neijiang 1987 Flows and Loads i I - Baseline i F F F F -Load Reductions R R R R 2010 Loads I - Baseline F F F F 2 - Individual Reduction i R F R F 3-Individual Reduction i F R F R 4 -All Loads Reduced j R R R R F - Full Loads R - Loads reduced by proportion expected as a result of processing municipal waste water in a treatment plant. 2.3 Method of Data processing and information extraction ivlKEI I produces results as tables of the daily average water qualitv for each calculation node in the mnodel. Calculation nodes are spaced about 2 km apart. The results have been extracted from 'vlIKEI I as the monthly average of everv daily averaae for a stretch of the river considered to be representative of each river reach. Reaches have been defined bv looking graphically at all the data for I month along the entire length of the river and defining the points that represent changes in river characteristics. Figures A I-A3. in Annex A. show the daily averaue values for BOD. Ammonia and Flow and illustrate the reach definitions for the Min River Basin and Figures A4-A7 for the Tuo River Basin. A Visual basic application - \llKEBase - w'as written for the purpose of rapidly extracting the required summary information from this large volume of results data produced by MIKEI 1. MIKEBase provides an easy to use user-interface for defining queries on MIKEI I results and. by 41367.EA.APPPINDIX A A-8 DECEMBER1998 SICI L\N I RI}.*\:N EN'I RONMlEN1' I'lloJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMEN-r Volume S - Appendix A automatin2 the logical process of data extraction, helps to reduce the possibilitv of accidentat data processingerrors. 2.4 Simplified MIodelling Considerable time and resources are required to set-up and run scenarios on MIKEIH. In order to consider a wide ranmeof schemes it is desirable to have a quick and simple model that can be calibrated to MIKEII and then used to look at a large number of scenarios. A spreadsheet model - MlottSlMl- has been created for this pLurpose.It is a steadv state mass balance model which takes account of the major chemical processes in the river. This model works by consideringeach point for which MIKEI I results have been extracted as a node. It is first calibrated to the baseline data. The data input to this simplified model are values of averaee monthlv Flo,. Temperature. Dissolved Oxygen (DO). BOD and Ammonia concentrations for each node. The model predicts the likely decay and reaeration that will occur as the water flows to the next node. It then compares the expected flows and concentrationswith those ulivenfor the next node. Anv differences between MottSim and MIKEI I are considered by MottSim to be as a result of inflows between the nodes and the flow rate and concentrationsof such inflows are calculated so that when mass balanced with the flows from the upstream node thev result in an exact match to the data provided by MIKEI 1. Thus the model automaticallv calibrates itself to the MIKE1 I data. Calculated inflows are inspected and reviewvedto assess whether they are realistic or whether some variation should be made to the reaeration or decay coefficients. The calculated inflows represent surface run-off. discharges and abstractions between nodes as well as sedimentation and resuspension processes. Once the IvlottSimmodel has been calibrated it may be used to make predictions bv replacingz the formulae which calculate the compensation inflows with the fixed values that have been calculated. The input data may then be varied to reflect a new scenario. such as reduced discharge loadings as a result of the provision of sewagzetreatment. The model wvillcalculate the impact of this scenario both locallv and in all downstream locations. 2.5 Calibration of MottSim for Min River Figure 2.1 - Min River Basin Figure 2.1 shows a schematic of the MottSim model Schematic of MlottSimmodel of the Min River. Fiaures 2.2 and B t. in Annex B. show the Baseline water quality for '010 in the Min Basin as predicted by MlIKEII and simulated by 2 Nan 3 u MtottSim. Each node in the model is represented River 3 S Min 9 / along the X axis of these g-raphs. The nodes have 5 o/ SMa been arran2ed in the order of upstream to downstream a 13_'2 but they are evenlv spaced rather than spaced bv 15 14 Fu Chengdu 1 46 Chengchainage. 16 Nodes from tributaries are shown grouped to2ether in the last section of the graph. 17 18 Leshan It mav be seen that MottSim and MIKEl I exactly 20 19 match at all nodes except for Node 19 in Leshan. The oadua 21 difference at this point is a result of an exception that 22 4 AangAEe 4I367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-9 DECEM>BER1Q98 NsIc 1l A.N I.-RL3.\N ENVIRONMENT PlROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume i - Appendix A has been made to using MIKEI I data directlv. In Leshan MIKEI I has calculated a flow balance at the confluence of the Min and the Dadu which involves the dilution of upstream Min waters in the centre of Leshan with cleaner water from the Dadu. Because MottSim is not suitable for directly simulating backwater effects a different method of calculating concentrationsof *vaterin the Min at Leshan has been devised. It is assumed that there is only a small increase in overall forward flows between the node just upstream of Leshan and the confluence of the Min and the Dadu. It is then assumed that the concentration of pollutanits in this short reach can be estimated as the load from upstream plus the load expected to be discharged by Leshan. This results in a higher estimation of concentrations than that from MIKEI I and also a _treatersensitivity to predicted changes in water qualitv as a result of changes in the loads discharged in Leshan city centre. Figure 2.2 - iNMinRiver Models MottSim V Mikell, Calibration at Nodes FlowData - March1987 - LoadData - March2010 Flow JoperN2n"ng 4mang FuSC eower - , .g,ss,.~T ! M eo SF ' OD= BOO + 4.3NH4 ______I '' gJc~~~uperuktn.n.'.'5wg ' . 0 xn :e nct= | _ Y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IKE'l In order to verify MottSim's abilitv to make predictions of water quality under changing loads, the inflows are fixed then the BOD and Anmmoniaexpected to be removed by the proposed WWTW is subtracted from the loads in the rivers by appiving a percentage reduction in the total loads of pollutants carried bv the river which is proportional to the total load dischar-ed from the citVwith treatment divided by the total load dischargiedfrom the city w%ithout treatment. Reductions are made in this way rather than bv directiv subtracting the load removed by treatment from the load in the river because the load in the river at the node or nodes representing a citv mav be less than the total load discharged by the city due to deuradation and decav. Tables F I and F2. in Annex F. show a summary of the loadings data used to calculate these percentage reductions. The predicted pollutant concentrations are then compared with those predicted by MIKEI I at each node for the same scenario. Fi_ures 2.3 and B2 show this verification for the Min River Basin. There are slight differences in the 41367.EA,APPPENDIX A A-10 DECEMIBER 1998 S1ClUAN URI3AN LN;VlUNMI>ENT1 I';UJEC I ENVIRONNIENT-AL ASSESSMIENT Volumn * - Appendix A concentrationspredicted by MottSim compared to those predicted by MIKEI 1. most notabiy the higher concentrationspredicted in the Min just upstream of its confluence with the Fu are because MIKEI I disperses flows upstream in order maintain the stability of the water qualitv model. It is considered that the predictions are close enough to confirm that the MottSim model is a valid tool for predictingzwater qualitv changes due to changes in sewage discharges. Figure 2.3 - Nlin River MvodelsMottSim V.Mlikell, Calibration at Nodes Flow Data - Nlarch 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 BOD oo Upper .flM,ng ~ awer MInhtIn 1 ;une Anmoniacal N '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- _2 2.6 CalibrationofMottSim For Tuo River Figure 2.4 - Tuo River Basin Figure 2.4 shows the Schematic of the Tuo MottSim Schematic of lMottSimlModel- model. Figures 2.3,- and- B3. in Annex B. show the 2 2010 Baseline water qualitv in the Tuo Basin as Vi predicted bvyMIKEII and simulated bv MottSim. It S .. Deyang/ .. 1W6ansuan may be seen that MottSim and MIKEI I exactiv match Shftn~g 7 / at all nodes except for Node 23 at the bottom of the 3\ \ 5 Tuo and nodes 11 and 2' representing the Fuxi River a,JVan9 'O 3 ZigonLgrom to the confluence with the TLIO. These parts of the Tuo basin are not covered by the MIKEI I 12I'A'Y Tuo river model and have therefore been modelled 13 IA Zi,-. oniv in MottSim bv extrapolation of vIKKElI data. ,s Tuo The MIKEI I model covers the Tuo to a point 2 km 16 downstream of the confluence of the Tuo and Fuxi. Z.ipong 17 'StijianR 20 la D -5 The Fuxi itself is not covered. nor is the reach of the X 19 Tuo down to Luzhou. In order to model these reaches in MottSim the flows and loads discharged from the 23 Fuxi have been calculated by balancing the flows and 41367,EA.APPPENDIXA A-I 1 DECEMBER 1998 'ICI LA.N; RBAN [ENVIRUNNIENTlIWUJECUI ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMIENT Volumitn3 - AppendixA loads at the confluence. Loads discharged in Zigong town have been calculated from the database prepared by COWI on Domestic, industrial and agricultural loadings. Flowvs to Luzhou have been estimated and it is then possible to estimate the overall water quality in these river reaches. The impact of Luzhou on the river water qualitv is not considered. Figure 2.5 - Tuo River Mlodels lottSim V Nlikel 1, Calibration at Nodes Flow Data - MNarch1987 - Load Data - March '010 Flow _ I OD=00 BO+4.3NH4 I _~ :' i Figure 2.6 shows the verification of MlottSim predictions of water quality followving proposed Phase I sewage treatment in comparison with the same prediction by MIKE 11. Again there is a very close agreement between the two models. 2.7 Some Simplifications and Assumptions of the Modelling Methods In Chengdu. for Phase I WWTW and sewerage schemes. it is assumed that the load reductions will be split between the Fu and the Shahe but that there will be no reductions in loads to the Nan. The split of load reductions has been worked out by considering the planned schremes. the distributioni of populationi and the predicted loads in the rivers. It is estimated that the interceptor sevsers will result in a 65% reduction in BOD and 30% reduction in ammonia discharzed to the Shahe. The rest of the anticipated reduction in load is in the Fuhe downstream of its confluence with the Shahe. For the assessment of greater levels of seweraae and treatment in Chengdu it is anticipated that up to 0/ of the load in the Nanhe can be removed by sewerage and that reductions from treatment will occur in the same location as for Phase 1. 41367.I'A.AIPPPENDIX A A- 12 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUL!.N:RBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT LNVIRON\IENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumn:3 - AppendixA In Devang it is estimated that the loads from the city are discharged into both the Mianyuan and the Shitine rivers according to a 70:30 split. The MIKEI I runs were made assumine a 50:50 split and that any reductions due to treatment will follow this split. therefore the MottSim model has been calibrated with a 50:50 split . However. when making predictions of improvementsdue to treatment, it has been assumed in MottSimthat Phase I WWTW will only improve the discharges to the Mianyuan. but that further expansion of treatment or improvements in industrial discharges will improve both the rivers according to the 70:30 split. Figure 2.6 - Tuo RiveriMiodels MottSim V Mikel1. Calibration at Nodes Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Boo __r__u__n______n______mly / i AmnmoniacalN i j L ______' ' ;'.1anv;^an --- ~~~~opi Singl , byngg r - -S - .- . ' ", W5 : It has been assumed that all minor industries are located in the area covered bv the model node for a city. As far as possible major industrv load reductions have been applied to the node nearest to them as identifiedusing the information presently in the Arcview GIS svstem. This is of particular relevance for the MlinRiver where all the Top 10 major industries have been identified as beii2 on the reaches of the upper Min. downstream of Dujiangvang and upstream of the confluence with the Fuhe. Figures Fl to F5. in Annex F. are Maps showina the locations of manr of these industries. When considerina different scenarios the models. both MottSim and IMIKE1. assume that the decav rates of BOD and Ammonia remain constant. This would not in fact be the case. the rate of decav. of sedimentation and of interaction with sediments would all chan2e in relation to concentration but such changes are not considered to be significant enough to be worth trying to model in the scope of this project. It is assumed that. following a reduction in loads. the rate of decay of the remaining BOD will be the same as before the reduction. This is a simplification because raw domestic sewvage 41367EA.APPPF:NDIX.X A-l3 DECEMBER1998 SICIIU.\N UIWAN ENVIRONIENTP ROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT VoIume3 - Appendix A contains organic matter that is readily degradable and large numbers of micro organisms ideally suited to assisting this decav whereas secondary sewage and some industrial sewage mav be far less degradable and not contain the appropriate micro organisms. Whenconsiderinig industrial treatment schemes it has been assumed that the entire load will be prevented from reaching the river. The hydraulic representations in MottSim are verv simple. relying on thie sophisticated analvsis carried out in MIKEI I to provide the tlow data. The velocities of flow and hence times of travel in MottSim have been estimated from the known channel dimensions and the quantity of flow. No relationships between the flow and the velocitv are established. Therefore, when considering flow augmentation schemes. it has been assumed that flow velocities remain constant. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-14 DECEMBER'1998 SICHULANLR'IBA# ENVIRONMIENT PROJLCT ENVIRONMIENTAL\SSESSNIENT Vouluni3 - AppendixA A3 Results of Impact Assessment 3.1 MIKEI1 Modellina 3.1.1 Set-up of Scenarios to be modelled This component considers the impact of the proposed Phase I schemes on the water qualitv in the rivers Min and Tuo. The iMIKE1I model was run for scenarios as set out in Table 2.1 above. The results from these runs have been processed using the MIKEBase application to calculate the average water quality along an entire reach for the low flow month of March 1987. The reaches have been defined in relation to the MIKEI I chaina2e as illustrated in Figures AI to A7, in Annex A.. Table 3.1 below summarises the definition of the reaches. Table 3.1 Definition of river reaches bv MIKEl1 Chainage (Distance from upstream Boundarv) |MVlinRiver Reaches Tuo River Reaches Reach e Chainage (km) Reach Chainage (km) .sum Start ! Stop NNum Start Stop I MINJIANG 64.778 308.113 1 MIANYUAN J.750 11.250 2 MINJIANG 308.113 346.450 2 MIANYUAN 11.250 37.500 IL NIfNJIANG 346.450 36 .550 3 MIANYUAN 37.500 41.250 4 MINJIANG 362.550 398.376 4 MIANYUAN 41.250 62.500 5 MlNJIANG 398.376 417.000 5 SHITING 45.917 54.375 6 NANHE 4.675 33.894 6 MIANYIJAN 62.500 74.7 5 0 7 SHAHE 2.955 18.223 7 PUYANG t3.589 75,353 8 FUHE 5 2.161 110.072 8 TUOJIANG 2.788 79.901 9 MINJIANG 421.469 430.719 9 TUOJIANG 79.901 90.962 10 MINJIANG 430.719 450.376 10 TUOJIANG 90.962 135.375 I i .\llMNJIANG 450.376 -520.286 1I TUOJIANG 135.375 161.456 I2 MvIINJIANG 520.286 528.200 12 TUOJIANG 161.456 270.173 _ li _ ININANG 53i.150 654.363 _ l 3 TUOJIANG 270.173 287.148 14 TUOJIANG 287. 148 326.927 I' TUOJIANG 3i6.927 387.i6i 3.1.' Discussion of Results M/lodels were run for March 1987 flowvs in all cases and for 1987 and '010 discharae loads. These txmo vears were chosenl because 1987 is the year for which a complete data set exists for the calibration of the model and 2010 is the design horizon for the project. Full results of this analvsis are presented graphically in Figures Cl to C4. in Annex C. Table 3.2 below summarises the findinms. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-I5 DECEMBER 1998 SICiIU.s l RB3ANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMl\lENTI.AL.-ASSLSSMlENT Volume3 - AppendixA Table 3.2 Expected changes in water qualitv in Sichuan rivers and impact of proposedwastewater schemes based on an analysis of MJKE11 runs. Sourceof Data Descriptionof Scenario BasinIndex j % Change Min River Baseline 1.45 - 1987Loads PhaseI Chengduand Leshan 1.04 28% l Baseline 2.852 1 MinRiver Phase I Chengdu 2.39 16% 2010Loads PhaseI Leshan 2.85 0% Phase I Chengduand Leshan 1 2.39 16% Tuo River Baseline 2.11 ! 1987Loads Phase I Devangand Neijiang 1.89 10% Baseline 4.40 Tuo River PhaseI Devang 4.14 6% 2010 Loads Phase I Neijiang 4.33 2% I Phase I Devangand Neijiang - 4.07 1 77/7 From this it may be seen that the Chengdu wastewater scheme is likelv to provide the greatest benefit for the rivers in comparison to anv other scheme. The Leshan wastewater scheme is not expected to yield any significant improvementsin the overall qualitv of the River Min as a result of the verv larye dilutions provided by the inflow of the River Dadu in Leshan. Devang wastewater scheme will improve the qualitv of the Mianvuan and Shiting rivers into which its discharges flow but will not significantly improve the qualitv of water in the Tuo river. Neijiang wastewater scheme will result in a marginal improvement in water quality in the Tuo. It is also clear that there is expected to be a verv considerable deterioration in the quality of both rivers in the next decade or so and that the pliase I wvastewaterschemes will alleviate only a very small proportion of this deterioration. In Figures C2 and C4. in Annex C. the water qualitv objectives are shown and it mav be seen that verv little of the rivers meet these objectives. 3.2 .MottSimmodelling 3.2.1 Set-up of Scenarios to be modelled .MlottSrm has been emplo\ed both to extend the range of scenarios and areas that can be tested uslnmthe MIKEI I results. The MottSim models include Zigong. the river Fuxi and the reach of river Tuo runniniz from the contluence with the Fuxi to the confluence with the Yansztze. Also greater detail has been included in Leshan to illustrate localised changes in water qualitv and in Chenydu to show how water qualitv will chanysein the rivers upstream of the main sewaue discharge point as a result of improved sewerage. All MottSim Runs have been carried out for the 2010 loads design horizon. The scenarios that have been looked at are:- 41367EA.APPPENDIX A A-16 DECEMBER1998 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Figure 3.1 Reach Pollution Index For Min and Tuo River Basins Based on M'II;KEI I Predictionsof the water quality in 2010 with and without Phase I WWTW Upper Minjiang Lower Minjiang Fuhe 25 _ Baseline- No Treatment 20 ... Phase I - Chengdu aria Leshan 15 10 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting. Puyang& Fuxi 30 25 BasejineB - No Treatment Phase1 - Deyang and Neijiang 41 367.EA.APPENDIXA DECEMBER1998 SICHIUANULRIAN ENVIRON.MENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNMENT Volume, - Appendix A I. Proposed Phase I municipal sewage treatment 2. Improved municipal sewage treatment to remove 80% of BOD and Ammonia from domestic wastewater discharges in project cities. 3. Treatment or prevention of discharges from Top 10" industrial polluters in each citv prefecture ranked by OD discharged 4. Treatment or prevention of discharges from all Minor Industrial polluters in each city z. Release of additional clean flows from headwaters of the rivers to dilute pollution during low flows Table 3.3 summarises the loadings and assumptions made for the scenarios involving wastewater treatment. These factors have been run in different perrnutations both for individual cities and for combinations of cities. The objectives of choosing scenarios to run are to determine: I. which schemes have the greatest benefit; 2. what Nvorks are required to achieve significant improvements in the qualitv of the rivers and prevent further deterioration: 3. which schemes have the best cost^benefit. The results of this stage of the analvsis are approximate. given the many assumptions and approximations made in the methodologies. but should indicate the most promising projects. Tables 3.4 and 3.5 show the scenarios that have been run and the results predicted bv the models. Fewer scenarios were run on the River Min because: I. there are fewer cities to consider: 2. indLustrial discharges in Leshan are collected bv an interceptor and dischargzed downstream of the confluence with the Dadu were thev are massivelv diluted: 3. the minor industrial discharges in Chengdu and Leshan are assumed to be collected by new sewvers and transported to the treatment works where the load is added to that from domestic sources. 3.2.2 Discussion of Results A summary of the modelline results for all the scenarios considered is presented in Table 3.4 for the Mlin and 3.5 for the Tuo. more detailed graphical representations of each scenario shlow%ina the effects on each reach of the rivers are presented in Figures Dl to D6. in Annex D. for the Mvlinriver basin and El to E9. in Annex E. for the Tuo Basin. Results will be discussed citV bv citv and then summarised for the river basins. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-17 DECEMBER1998 SJCHLCAN\URR3AN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix A Table 3.3 Summary of Loadings and assumptions used for different scenarios Ciy 'MottS i Load Removed Citv| } Scheme River I BOD i NH4 A4 Assumptions Node t . | ~~~~~tldvd Fuhe 13 41.7 4.6 Seweraae remo%ed 70% BOD Phase I I and 30%NH4 fromShahe Shahe 12 30.3 2.5 treatment removes rest of total reduction from Fuhe Fuhe 13 102 21 Complete Municipal 'a0 , As for Phase I but 800/0of BOD Treatment Shahe I_ 2 .3 2.5 and NH4 removed from Nanhe Chen2du Nanher 2.2 0 Upper _. 0.13U I Loads distributed accordingto Major lndustr\ 4 13.8 2.3 Industr-vslocation as identified , 7. 4 using ArcView GIS Fuhe 13 27 2 Load reduction distributed200/O Minor Industry Shahe 12 9.3 I . of load in Nanhe and Shahe. Nanhe 9 1 0.3 Rest from Fuhe Phase I WWT Mind/s Total domestic load < loads Phs I___-______Dadu 2 IS 2 planned for WWTW therefore minor industrial load included in Min us municipal sewage. Sewerage Phase I - SeN\erage Dadu 19 21 2., removes 30%of total domestic and minor industrial load Leshan M in dis W removes SO of load Complete Municipal Dadu 71 WWTr Treatment Min ws Dadu 19 5i5 7.1 Sewerage removes 80%of load Mlajor industr-. Mlin d.ls All discharees to dUsof Dadu Dadu wherehuge dilution available jlinorI_ _ __ Industrm______1 _ _ I Included_ _ with_ domesiic_ __~~~~~I Phase I Mianvuan 4 | 21 | 2 OnlyMianvuanatfected Complete M\unicipal M ian%uan 4 20 3.5 Treatment Shitine 6 8.i 1.5 Dcxang |I* . d 1\lianvuan 4 | |0:30 0.5 split between Mianvuan %lalor industrv , * S, II* 1 ajor. us*r | Shitina 6 2 0.21 and Shitine Minor Industr iiarnuan 4 57 0.6 j - | ~~~~~~~~~~~Shitine6 | 2>j . Complete\Iunicipal ST Tuo ~~~171 16 46 Neziianm2p TI reatment ! I I 6 ajior Industry l'U 17 j.I 31 1I linor Industr\ Tuo I 17 46 Phase I Fuxi 20 16i 21 4 I CompleteEomlele.\lnici Municipal IFuxiFuxI 1II 20 47 I 8.4 I N I ~~recatmentIII II Z-nZi Fuxl' 120 7 I| Niajor Industry | Fuxi 21I 2 1I | Loads allocated accordine to I I"i . I | 2 1 location from ArcVicw GIS -Iuo 2 1 31 1 Minor Industr% Fuxi 20 j 4.2 1 0.5 I All in City 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-18 DECEMBER 1998 S I( lIt AN tI (IUIANIN VIMNNINMINI I'RUJII(I UNVIROt)NIN I Al ASSIESSMI:N Vuilt,gice3 - Appoi.dixA Tablde 3.4 tesutilts(Or lile NlIWSilll WallerQ1u1lity nIotlidling fur the r iver Min Sece n _NulnI)clamil lie ilasim, Idnex _". Drm-_i_g It;hselimic . M1 3(.i-_!21______('CIengdu ml 2.72 15% I 'I;asc I Wasilalcr l icl,lilimelici11ii lia -M M2 3.21 -0% 1)1 Cleligdutiand( I cshail M3 2.72 15% 111 liii;--- ;svie ltliti (tD Ie'hilesVe('igduz _ _ ----- 1.53-M4 52% FIIiII Muniic ipal Wastewaterm I cal in emi to 1rcmnove - - - ______Le.shaln M5 3.20 0% D)2 80"'o'oufBI1()Dand A miimonia- ---. ------______Chlengdumanid L.eshia M6 1.52 53% omplele.. Treatmenl disc s Iioi I (lohe l M7 2.88 1Wo D)3 1;1at1o1'pollumting iiimtstm-icsI M Mill IO cuminecs M8 2.77 11% SiClle10 cilecs M9 2.57 20% RcleaseoIaddIiolal Ilows friolmiI Iea.dwalers :tihc, Nanihleand Slhahe 5 ctmtuCcseach M_ __ 2.14 33% - D)4 i ntik, Namililcwitti Si7lmae5 cuimntcss ealchl_ M I I 1.63 49% I Milm 15cuimiecs ...... ______----_ _ - ...... _ .______.___ .. _ - ...... d... 80 _o esi _ a o i CieigdtiDalX0° Doestic 1 Major & Mino- M12 1.21 62% Combillations As M 12 t 80% L.eshamnDomestic M13 _ 1.20 63% 1)5 AsMi3 t Min 10-ciinIecsOIteis 5ctiuiecs M 14 0.56 83% As M 13 1-Mi 2( climecs Olhiers I10cilmces M 15 0.33 9(0% Biaseiine 1987 1.66 48% 1)6 -111671AAP,\I'IINDINXA 19 .I( IRI,N tI It..'N I N\ llt)NN II NI I1(1ll) I I NVIRtlNNII N IAl. ASSIESSNII'NI Vo.,huisin3 - Appendix A Tab)lc 3.5 testillsof flie AllolSi im Walcr Quialily itiil cli|iingI;n' lle y-ive-'m'lho ~-_ -,_.._. - _ _. _ .._. _ - - . __.,.... _ ....-g,- . Secellr i io D)eail Nuimer lasiaiienx_ iii IFgrelx No hi lsedice201M Ti* 6.95 I)cyang .1l 6.60 5%1o I'llase I Waslewater:luc'IlCIII .__ _ . _ _ 6.86 _ Zigou,g T13 6.57 5%/7 ______[k~~~~~~~~~~~~Dyaamg,Nei.jianagandZigong '14 6.1 3 I 12o DeaI)yng -__5 6.34 - 90 0 -- l`Ull Mull icipal Waslokaler (r'eai;Ilm ni lo Remnove Neij T6n_16 6.77 3% 80%'o l ( )ol)an ad A mmoiaa 1i.n_- . __- __ __T7.__ _ 5.55 20N - ______._. . . _ _ ___.__ I)Deyang,Neij1ian8g a1nd) Zigong 18 4.75 32% yang______9 6.85 72___ 'I *. Will . -- ~~~~~~~~NeiJiang Tl0 6.72 3._____ i Completlze 'I'i-ealill.lil ol tliscl;ili-gs 111oniTop- l)) 10 -_--_ 3 miljor pdol)ltgiligilt.lilsil-ics Zigolig TI I 6.63 5% m.nipoi iiiIinn~ indusi ris Clhengdu 1T12 6.72 3% ______.______All Major liidilsiries =_ 1'i3 5.94 15% 1H4 Deyang iH 6.82 2- Nei" _ _.______.70._ 4% TIrealmental ul' dischargesliomu minor indulistries ______1 68( 4 Ee-.--L 5 aZig N iig 11'16 6.75 17/%o Deyping,Neiji.g and Zigo/rg T 7- 6.47 __ _ _ 4130Tt7A.A\I'I'1 Nl)IXA D111 N''11111R I98) .NI(IIII\AN II(Il.iN I NVIRON II NI PIMtAil I LNV IMttlNNII:NIAL.ASSSISMI 4 FNI Volumcit.I- AppoiCIIix A 'ablateh3.5 ... C'onitinedI RCesIillsot flie moI Sii Wat;er QU.1lily ltsodlellisig Itfr tile r;iver '[1o Scellario ietail Nutmitber- Basintlidex M /o Fic No aiselinetie2(I () 'ilT 6.95 Mianiyllin 5 Illsi '118 6.05 13% --- - jb5 n /s T19 6.55 6% RIeleaiseolfadd itiostal fIlows lt ittit I leadwatlets Poy tiI -s __ _20--_- __ 6.17 11°o 16 7 1 i -x si IT7 51.90 7 Mi__i_111ysia._llI i; S Sllilillg, ILlylllgn SIII - T22[ 3.65 47-i-- Plhlase I I Major Intrillslty T23 5.(09 27%9/o PhaseI I Matjiol I Millor Industry 'i4 4.63 33%(o CitilesTIreahimeant ilt CombhintilionsS reliliT li ( lili)illllills tsl ill80%6/ br01aII I MaJorIIidtiusliy T25 3.74.7 . 4 646°/tJL E 80%oI MaJor I Minor lindtistry [26 3.34 52% As '22 1-Mianyuian nm 7s 1-27 5.42 22°/o hi-ealsuel 'Colnibinaliolis losrall Cities As '[22 I- M iany-uia,Sliisig,Pnyaiig S2.89 58% Willi Flow Aigillaaenlalisll AssT25 + Mianytian 5 m/s T29 2.67 62% [ AsMT25 I Mianyinin, ShilinPuig-,P`ya-n6g5mlY7 '[3(- 1.76 7.5 ol BaselinAe1987 _D_D 3.47 - 5()°.'o 1 ...... _...... __... ._.. __ ...... _ . .-.... . _ . . ._. _ . . _ . - . . . - . . , ...... , SICIIUAN URBAN L\VIRUONMIENI'ROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSNIENT Volumc3 - AppendixA Chengdu For the analvsis of the Phase I schemes the findings from MottSim are. not surprisinilv, verv similar to those from the MIKEI I only analysis. The greatest benefits from the proposed Phase I sewveraeescheme will be noticeable in the Shahe as it runs through the city where there could be as much as a 50% improvement in the reach index and in the Fuhe downstream of the city whierethere wvillbe around a 20% improvement. The Minjiang down as far as Leshan will be improved as wvell.but only bv around 10%. However, for all reaches except for the Shahe this still represents an overall deterioration since the 1987 condition. To achieve a better river water qualitv than in 1987 the citv of Chengdu needs to treat more than 80% of the wastewater produced and even this will not ensure compliance with the Class 3 target during low flows. To achieve the water qualitv objective all vear it will be necessarv to increase the base flow in the rivers at times of low rainfall by releasing clean stored water from upstream or diverting from irrigation schemes. Treating the top 10 major industries in Chengdu prefecture indicates that for Chengdu there would be less benefit than treatment of municipal wastewater. This is largelv because the industries being on the Min river (see Figure Fl. in Annex F.) do not contribute to the pollution of the Fuhe svstem which. because of verv higzhOD concentrations, makes a proportionally higher contribution to the basin index. Because the flows in the section of the Min downstream of Dujiangyans are so low during the drv season the dischargesto it in this area have a very detrimental effect. Thus there is a veryv reat variation in the assimilative capacirv of this river between the drv and the wet season. Some of the industr tfrom Chen¢du discharoes to irrigated channels wvhichform tributaries of the Tuo river. Principle amongst these is the Chuanhua Chemical Works which discharges very large quantities of ammonia. This discharge contributes heavily to the pollution of the upper reaches of the Tuojiang. Preventing this discharge would bring about an improvement as great as treating the major Neijians industries. Leshan The %kastewvatertreatment scheme proposed for Leshan involves collecting some of the wastewater which is presentlv discharged to the Min as it flows through the city,. then convevingoit to a new treatment works -whichis located on the banks of the \lin downstream of its confluenicewvith the Dadu river. here the sewage will receive secondary treatment prior to discharge. The \xater quality modelling shows that this scheme will hlave onlv a verv minimal benefit for the qualitv of the Min as a whole. The flows in the Dadu are so great (>400m'./s at lowvtlows compared to about 75 m'/s in the Min) and unpollutedthat there is a very large capacity for assimilating w,vastewater.Even the entire discharge of wastewater from Leshan w%-illcause no siEnificant deterioration at this point. Howeverthere is a problem of the untreated sewage that is presently discharged to the Min in the citv causing serious local pollution of that river. Improvements in the water qualitv and aesthetics of the river in the citv can be achieved by sewerage alone. The water qualitv benefits of sewerage and treatment schemes are illustrated in Figures 3.2 to 3.4. Here the effect of different levels of sewerage provision are compared with the effect of 4136,7.EA.APPPFNDIXA A-19 DECEMBER1998 Figure 3.2 Water quality impact of Sewerageand Sewage Treatment Schemes in Leshan 1asedog) IViMaieh1987 flows and2010 Loads 80 OD = BOD+4.3NH4 60 z ~:40 20 0 |g Coiiffuwlcedl Mus0ai- t u lb 18 I eshianCity MiiiDIS at Oadu Erndot MtmHvRwe - _Baseline _ Chengdu Phase 1 + Leshan 60% Seweiage |.ChengdtuPhase 1 4 Leshan 30% sewelage & WwTW + ChenigduPhase 1 4 Leshan 100% Sewerage Chetigdu Phase 1 + Leshan 30% Sewerageonly Figure 3.3 Water quality impact of Sewerageand Sewage Treatment Schemes in Leshan B3asedon Marcd 1987 llowvsadl 201() .Loads 20 BOD A 3: 10 2 5 0 Conlk.ieice ol Mi,i a,id I-u iti 17 18 Lesriar. City Mmn /S of Uadu Enldof Min Rivur _ Baseline ChengduPhase 1 + Lestiarn60% Sewerage ..Chengdu Phase 1 + Leshani30% sewerage& WwTW -.. Chengdu Phase 1 + Leshan 100% Sewerage x Chengdu Phase 1 + Leslhan30% Sewerageonily Figure 3.4 Water quality impact of Sewerageand Sewage Treatment Schemes in Leshan lBasedmn Mvlarlh 1987 flovs aid 2010(ILoads 12 10 Ammoniacal N CzZ 6 4 2 0 Co4illuJence0l Min Fu 1b ~arid 17 16 LesthanCity Mo DIiS ol Diadu Enidof Min River -Baselinie -Clhengdu Phase 1 + Lesthan60% Sewerage ...ClenigduPhase 1 + Leshani30% sewerage& WwTW -f-Chenigdui Phase 1 + Leshani100% Sewerage .. ClenigduPhase 1 + Leshani30% Sewerageonly SICIIWAN URBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT iENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIENT Volumei - AppendixA wastewater treatment. The effect of a WWTW on river water quality mav be seen at the node on the Min downstream of the Dadu confluence as a verv slight fall in pollutant concentrations in a part of the river which alreadv comfortablv meets its water qualitv objective, The verv considerable benefits of Sewerage are also clearly illustrated. These modelling results also indicate that there will be high concentrations of ammonia in the Min as it flows to Leshan. Almost all this ammonia is from sources upstream. Even with full sewerage and treatment in Leshan there will continue to be high levels of ammonia in the Nuin. The greatest source of this ammonia is Chenadu and the effect of the provision of the proposedsewage treatment in Chengdu is shown. Unlike BOD. discharges of ammonia affect the water qualitv for a long distancedownstream because it decavs much more slowly. It is estimated that the initial proposal for Phase I sewerage and treatment will collect and treat 30% of the Leshan wastewater. Much greater improvements in the qualitv of the local environmentcould be brought about bv focusing on the collection of sewage and deferring the provision of secondarv treatment. Much of the northern part of the city drains to the Zhugong river which is a small river running through the middle of Leshan and flowing into the Mn. This is presentlyvgrosslv polluted with sewage and makes a verv unsightly mess where it mixes with the Min. The constructionof interceptors along this watercourse would result in a very significant improvement in water qualitv and reduce the health risks resulting from of people coming into contact with water containing high concentrationsof fresh sewage. The sewage from new interceptors should be collected together and pumped to a point well downstreamof the "Bis Buddha" tourist attraction which is an environmental protection zone. Here the sewage can be screened and then discharged to the midstream of the river through an outfall with diffusers. The industrial wastes are presently discharged from a single point outfall directly in front of the Buddha and cause a verv visible and offensive plume. these should be diverted into a new interceptor system. Other major industries in Leshan prefecture discharge to the Min several kilometers downstream of the Dadu. It is not considered that they are a significant source of oxvgen demanding pollution. Devang Because Devang is at the top of the Tuo river svstem improvements in discharges in Devang will have a significant effect for many miles downstream. The proposed WWTW will bring about a significant improvement in water qualitv in the Mianvuan river and will slightlv improve the quality of the upper Tuo. This scheme will not improve the Shiting river. either a second treatment works or more interceptors and an extension to the Phase I works would be required. Industrial discharges are not so significant in Devang. though the quality of the upper parts of the Mianyuan could be improved by reducing BOD discharges from the paper mills. the overall impact of these industries is not as great as some of the industries further downstream. The Mianvuan has a low flow during the drv season (< 4 m;/s) and therefore discharges of pollutants from the city result in ecologically damaging and unhealthily high concentrationsin the river. As an alternative or in addition to reducing the discharges it is possible to improve water qualitv bv increasing the base flow. A release of up to 5 m-'/s from the headwaters of 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-'0 DECEMBER1998 SICIHILAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT l'ROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appeidix A the Mianvuan in order to maintain a minimum flow in the river of about 10 m3/swill result in a, simiiar improvement in drv season water qualitv as the provision of treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. Neijiang The river Tuo. which is verv heavily polluted downstream of Chengdu and the confluence of Mivianvuanand Puyang. has. bv the time it reaches Neijiang. purified itself to a verv large degree. Discharges from Neijiang once again cause the water to becomeseriouslv polluted. In the area of Neijiang, domestic wastewater contributes a smaller proportion of the pollution loads than from industrv and from the towns and agriculture in the surrounding area (Domestic sources 25% of total). Thus the proposed wastewater works. which will treat about half of this domestic load will not have a verv great impact on the overall quality of the river. The greatest contribution to pollution is considered to be from the many minor industries in the area. These are difficult to treat because of their dispersed nature. Treatment of discharges from the top 10 major industries in Neijiana prefecture will yield 3 times the benefit as the proposed first phase of domestic treatment. Schemes involvingthe release of additional flows from the headwaterswill bring little benefit in the Neijiang area. Zigong Zi2ong is built beside the Fuxi river which has verv little baseflow. In the drv season the upstream flows are typically less than I m'/s and may stop altogether. Thus downstream of Zigong the bulk of the river's flow is raw sewage and industrial discharge and the concentration of pollutants is very high indeed. Treatment of wastewater is verv important in Zigong. Because the quality of the river water is so much worse than the target qualitv. the river pollution index indicates the greatest benefits for the treatment of Zisong wastewater despite this being the smallest proposed works. Accordingto the data available industrial discharges are a much smaller source of pollution in Zigzongthan domestic wastewater - 80% of pollution load is of domestic origin.. The major polluting industries in Zigong region are chemical works and sugar refineries and are located on the iower sections of the Fuxi or on the Tuo where their impact is less. Water qualitv improvements should therefore focus on the gradual expansion of municipal sewerage and treatment Just treating polluting discharges will not achieve the river water quality objective of class 3 at all times. There is insutfficientbaseflow in the river to dilute even treated effluent to a great enough degree. The oniv wvavto achieve an acceptable water qualitv in the Fuxi. with a citv the size of Ziizonmlocated on it. is to construct storage upstream or divert flows from another river and release this water during the dry season in order to maintain a minimum flow which is sufficient to dilute the pollution. It is recommended that the feasibilitv of increasing baseflows and the merits of tertiarv treatment of wastewater be considered in the second phase of SUEP. 41367,EA.APPPENDIXA A-21 DECEMBER1998 SICIIUAN;UR.IJ\N LNVIRtNNILNI POJ ECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 -AppendixA Benefits for whole River Basins The combinationsof treatment strategies show that for the river Min it is possible to effect considerable improvements in xvater quality and Qet quite close to meeting water qualitv objectives in the fiture. Unfortunatelyin the Tuo catchmenteven combining all the treatment schemes together will not prevent further deterioration of the river. However there will be benefits for the localitv of the cities and there will be an increase in the lensth of river reaches betwveenthe cities which do meet their river water qualitv objectives. For example for the '010 baselinesituation oniv the 110 km reach of River Tuo upstream of Neijiang is expected to meet its water quality objective. For the scenario covering complete treatment of all discharges (T26) the length of compliant reaches increases to 195 km with a further 25 kin extension upstream of Neijiang and an additional 60 km upstream of the confluence with the Fuxi. The total lengthof river reaches modelled in the Tuo Basin is 672 km. By contrast. for the Min river. although complete treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater (M13) in 2010 results in a considerable improvement in the qualitv of the water and a large reduction in the pollution index. the length of river that actually meets its river water quality objective during the low flow situation does not increase from the baseline 405 km out of a total River basin lenath of 685 km. It is oniv for the most extreme combined treatment and flow au2mentation scenario resulting in a basin index of 0.37 that there is a increase to 449 km length of reaches meeting their objectives under the March 1987 low flows hvdraulicsituation. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-22 DECEMBER1998 SICIIU.*\\NURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRON:EIENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume; - Appendix A A5 Benefit Cost Analysis 5.1 Introduction The objective underlving all of this water quality modelling work is to identify. from a selection of possible wastewater treatment and collection schemes. those bringing the greatest benefit to the environment and to the people of Sichuan for the least expenditure of limited funds. Normally in a benefit cost analvsis a monetarv value is calculated to quantifv the benefits and this may be compared directlv with the construction and operating costs of the project. For an environmental improvement project such as SUEP it is not practical or realistic to attempt to calculate a monetarv value for the benefits which is why we have devised an alternative. the River Basin Pollution Index (RBPI). which provides a sound. objective and consistent quantitative measure of benefit. For this section of the report we have calculated a benefit cost index as: BaselineRBPI- SchemeRBPI * 10.000 PVcost The schemes can then be ranked bv this index to clearlv identify those with the greatest benefit to the qualirv of the river whole basin for the least cost. 5.1.1 Calculation of Costs All costs have been calculated based on the costs of the Phase I sewerage and sewage treatment schemes that have. at this stage (September 1997). been properiv costed. The cost used is the Present Value (PV) of each scheme in millions of Yuan RMB. assuming a discount rate of 10%. Costs for all the other schemes have been calcuiated in relation to these costs. Costs for the complete treatment of the wastewater from each citv have been estimated by adjusting Phase I cost estimates pro-rata to the treatment load. expressed in tudof oxvgen demand. This will inevitably give oniv approximate estimates since the cost will not accurately account for the seweraae component. An advantage of allocating costs in proportion to oxygen demand is that. because the OD is calculated vith a multiple of 4.3 on the ammonia load. the higher costs of ammonia removal relative to BOD removal are taken into account. Costs for complete treatment are inclusive of the cost of Phase I ty,petreatment not in addition to it. For the calculation of the costs of the treatment of major industries all costs have been based on the costs of treatment in the Zigong WWTW. The reason for choosing this is that the Zionr sclhemeinvol\es relativeil little sewerage and is also quite a small works so is more likely to be representative of the sort of works required at an industrial installation. It is realised that there is great variation in the methods of treatine different industrial wastes some of whiicih will be more expensive and some of which can be achieved by changes in the factory processes and mav. in the long term. bring about an overall saving in costs. Thus less confidence can be placed in the accuracy of the industrial costing. The costs of treating discharges from minor industries have been calculated in the same wav but it is considered that, because of the dispersed nature of the smaller industries. it is more difficult and expensive to organise treatment of these wastes. therefore a 50% increase has been applied to the Zigong based cost. No clear line has been drawn between those minor industries that 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-23 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUAN URB3ANENVIRONMENT PROJEC-T ENVIRONNILNTAL ASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixA discharge to sewers and those with separate discharges. Therefore, to some extent, the treatment of municipal sewage includes the treatment of a proportion of the load from smaller industries. No costs have been calculated for flow augmentation schemes. therefore thev are not included in this benefit cost analysis. It is possible however that such schemes would have high benefit cost ratios. 5.2 Discussion of Results Table 4.1 shows a list of all the schemes involving the treatment of wastewater discharges which have been considered ranked with those wviththe highest benefit cost index at the top. It may immediately be seen that the treatment of discharges in Ziaong receives a verv hi,h prioritv. this is because the river Fuxi is so heavily polluted bv domestic wastewater from Zigong and has so little baseflow in which to dilute these pollutants. Table 4.1 Ranked Benefit Cost for all schemes and combinations involving wastewater treatment River Scenario JDetail [Number| Basin % J PV Cost [ Benefit Basin Index Benefit | XI L Cost Tuo 80%oMunicipal Zigong T7 5.55 20% 859.61 16.29 Tuo Phase I Zigong T3 6.57 5% 25;4.04 14.96 Tuo Major industries Zigong Tl t 6.63 59%0 259.67 12.32 Tuo 80%/0Municipal Devang T5 6.34 9% _520.58 [1.72 Tuo 80%°Municipal Deyang. Neijiang and Zigong T8 4.75 32%/o 1905.55 11.55 Tuo Phase I Deyang TI 6.60 5% 3 11.37 11.24 Tuo Minor industries Ziaong T16 6.85 1% 96.05 10.41 Tuo Major industries Deyang T9 6.85 1% 96.39 10.37 Tuo Phase I Deyang. Neijiang and Zigong T4 6.13 12% 850.28 9.64 Tuo Combinations 80% - Major Industry T25 3.74 46% 3575.64 8.98 Min 180%Municipal Chengdu M4 1.53 52% 2125.48 7.90 M4in Combinations Chengdu 80% - Major M 12- 1.21 62% 2554.86 7.83 Min Major industries Chengdu (Min) M7 2.88 10% 429.38 7.69 Tuo Combinations Phase I - Major Industry T23 5.09 27% 2'520.37 7.38 Tuo Combinations 80% - Major - Minor T-6 3.34 52%0 4896.67 7.37 Tuo Minor industries Devang T14 6.82 2% 186.16 6.98 Mvin Phase I Chengdu ml 2.72 [5%/O 769.52 6.37 Tuo Major industries All Major Industries T13 5.94 15%'/ 1670.09 6.05 Tuo Combinations Phase I - Major- Minor T24 4.63 330/o 3841.35 6.04 Nlin |Combinations As M12 - 80% Leshan M13 1.20 63% 3572.55 5.63 Min iSO%Mlunicipal Chengdu and Leshan M6 [.'2 53%o 3143.17 5.38 vlin IPhase I jChengdu and Leshan MS 2.72 15%O 1085.14 4.52 Min IMinor industries Chengdu W7 2.85 11% 841.84 4.28 Tuo iMajorindustries Neijiang T10 6.72 3%o 595.27 3.86 Tuo |Minor industries Deyang. Neijiang and Zigong T17 6.47 70%o 1321.06 3.63 Tuo 809/oMv1unicipal Neijiang T6 6.77 3% 52j'5.37 3.43 Tuo Nlajor industries Chengdu (Tuo) TI2 6.72 3%o 718.76 3.20 Tuo Phase I Neijiang T2 6.86 I% '284.87 3.16 Tuo Minor industries Neijiang Tl5 6.70 4%.o 1038.85 2.41 Nlin Phase 1 Leshan M2 3.21 0% 315.62 0.16 Min 180%Municipal Leshan M5 3 .20 0% I-1017.69 0.10 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-24 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIIJAN LURBANENVIRONMIENT PROJECr ENVIRONMEN'IAL.\SSESS\IENT VoIumC3 - Appendix A Deyang is also a citv wvhereinvestments in wastewater infrastructure will vield sisnificant improvements in the environment. The treatment of domestic wastewater from Chengdu yields very great benefits for the whole Min River but the costs are relatively high. Despite causing pollution of the Tuo. treatment of wastewvaterfrom Neijiang does not show very great overall benefits for the Tuo basin. The flows from upstream of Neijiang are relatively clean due to self-purification in the river. The baseflow in the river is larigerthan at anv of the other cities in the Tuo basin (> 40 m%'s) providing more dilution. but most significantly the low - radient of the river in this area results in low flowvvelocities downstream of Neijiang. thus the pollutants have time to decay in a relativeil short distance. Because the river basin pollution index is based on the length of river polluted. the overall impact on the index is small. Leshan is the citv in which money spent on wastewatertreatment will yield the least significant improvements in the overall qualitv of its river basin. However the provision of sewerage in Leshan will have significant benefits for the local environment of the city. and it is believed that these benefitsjustifv the pollution control works - particularly the sewerage. Table 4.2 Ranked Benefit Cost for Municipal Wastewater Collection and Treatment Schemes River Scenario Detail JNumber Basin % NPV Cost Benefit Basin- Index Benefit MY Cost Tuo 80%Municipal fZiaon2 T7 5.5 20% 859.61 16.29 Tuo 80%Municipal Deyang T5 6.34 9% 520.58 11.72 Min 80%Municipal Chengdu M4 1.53 52% s.125.48 .90 Tuo 80%°Municipal Neijiang T6 6.77 3% 525.37 3.43 Min 80% Municipal Leshan M5 3.20 0% 1.017.69 0.10 Total All Cities 14% 5 048.12 7.69 Tuo Phase I lZigong T3 6.57 5% 254.04 14.96 Tuo Phase l Devane TI 6.60 -% 311.37 11.24 MNin Phase I Chengdu Ml 2.72 1 769.52 6.37 Tuo Phase I Neijianc, T2 6.86 1 284.87 3.16 Min |Phase I Leshan M2 0.21oexo 315.62 0.16 Total |All Cities 1.935.4 6.79 =~ ~ . =. To clarifv the relative benefits of municipal wastewater treatment schemes Table 4.2 shows the benefits and costs of full municipal wastewater treatment - as represented bv 80% BOD and ammonia removal - and the benefits and costs of the Phase I schemes. The order of the schetnes remains the same showing that this first programme of wvorksis a step in the right directioni. The total benefit cost has been calculated for all the cities and indicates that despite hialher costs the overall benefit of providing a high level of treatment in the future is greater thani only providing partial treatment. This is largelv due to the fact that the scenario of removingQ80% of BOD and ammonia removes a greater proportion of the ammonia than the Phase I scenarios and. because of the greater OD per ton and lower decay rate of ammonia. shows a ureater overall benefit. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-25 DECEMBER1998 SICHIU.A-NURIBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRON.MENTALASSESS.IENT Volume3 - .AppendixA Table 4.3 Ranked Benefit Cost for Industrial Wastewater Reduction and Treatment Schemes r River |Scenario Detail |Number| Basin % |NPVCost Benefitt Basin Index Benefit M[v Cost Tuo Major industries Ziaonc T I 1 6.63 5- 259.67 12.32 Tuo Major industries Devang T9 6.85 1% 96.39 10.37 Min Major industries Chengdu (Min) M7 2.88 10°% 429.38 7.69 Tuo Major industries Neijiang TIO 6.72 3°o 595.27 3.86 Tuo Major industries Chenedu (Tuo) T12 6.72 3% 718.76 3.20 Total All Cities 4% 2099.47 5.76 Tuo Minorindustries Zigong T16 6.85 1% 96.05 10.41 Tuo Minor industries DeyangL T14 6.82 2% 186.16 6.98 Min Minor industries Chengdu M7 2.85 11% 841.84 4.28 Tuo Minor industries Neijiang T15 6.70 4% 1038.85 2.41 Total =AI Cities ! 3% 2162.91 3.88 In table 4.3 the benefits and costs of industrial wastewater treatment have been extracted. illustrating that overall there is a less favourable return on investment for this type of treatment compared with the treatment of domestic wastewater. However it must be remembered that the calculations of both benefits and costs for this type of scheme have been carried out with far more assumptions and approximations than for the municipal wastewater schemes and so less confidencecan be placed in their rankings. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-26 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUALNIURIBAN ENVIR\1ONM ENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTAL ASSESSMENT Voiume 3 - Apptndix A A6 Conclusions 1. This study evaluates only the effects of BOD and Ammonia discharges on river water qualitv. The first pre-requisite of anv water pollution control policy must be to control the industrial discharge of toxic chemicals. This is best done and most cheaply done by the separation of offending discharges within the factorv. All conclusions below and all other priorities are secondarv to this requirement. 2. The prediction of the water qualitv modelling work is that unless major steps are taken to reduce and treat discharges the quality of the water in the rivers Min and Tuo is going to seriously deteriorate from its presently bad condition. 3. For the river Min the provision of full secondarvtreatment of sewage from Chengdu combined with the treatment or elimination of the major industrial discharges will reverse this trend and mav even result in improvements in water quality. If additional water can be released during the dry season from upstream sources then it will be possible to get very close to meeting the water quality objectives for the river all year round. Such consistent improvements could greatlv enhance the ecosystem of the river and provide the people living along the river with a healthier environment. 4. The modelling indicates that secondary treatment of sewage discharges from Leshan would vield no significant benefit for the river Min. The greatest benefits in Leshan will be effected by the provision of sewerage to transfer wastewater from the city centre downstream to where it will be diluted to an acceptable concentration. Preiiminary treatment and a wvelldesigned outfall wvillbe sufficient to ensure that this locality does not suffer from serious localised pollution and will prevent the discharge of gross and floating solids. -5. The river Tuo is at present more seriouslv polluted than the Min and this problem mav be expected to worsen in the future. Even the secondarv treatment of all municipal sewage and the treatment of both major and minor industries will not be sutfficientto raise the water quality to an acceptable standard throughout the basin at all times of the year. This must be in part due to the expected increase in discharges from the manv smaller towns in the catchment. but the main problem is the low flow in the river during the dry season which is insufficient to adequately dilute even secondary treated wastewater discharges. 413671EA.APPPENDIXA A-27 DECEMBER1998 SICHU.%\iUlRBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRON%1ENTAL.\SSESSNIENT Volume 3 - AppendixA 6. Unless wavs can be found to increase the drv season base flows there is little hope of meeting river water quality objective for very much of the length of the rivers in the Tuo Basin. The Scenarios involvingthe release of additional flows from head waters show that this is a verv effective wav of improving water quality during the drv season. If the construction of reservoirs is planned in the headwaters of these rivers then the abilitv to maintain minimum tlows in the rivers could be a major benefit of such projects. Alternativelvwater could be diverted from irrigation schemes in order to maintain minimum flows and the costs of this offset against the costs of providing further wastewater treatment. The highest prioritv locations for such schemes would be in the upper Mianvuan and upper Fuxi rivers. Hloweversuch schemes will not provide significant improvements during wetter seasons. 41367.EA.APPPENDIXA A-2 8 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URUBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - AppendixA Annex A Flows and Pollutant concentrations Predicted by MIKEll and Definition of Nodes and reaches. 41367.EA.APPENI)IXA DECEMBER1998 Concentration mg/l -J- -- .-- f ;- . -. -- - i - ------1---~-iTrI ------ 4,Z - *11a Ft ._ 4 } ! - ~~~ ~~- i I I : _ r = --- T- -~ -r - ~- ~+~~~~- -"~~~ t"'*,,_, ,,,_ > ._~~~~- . .t:.; j , *z~4- . - ->. T-- ~~- ~~~~--2' -1 C = l - i{2 7 -~~~~~~~~~¼ jt'- 0 tF- () G h " $~~~~~ 2:2~ tA t: - . es-,--."- Vt4 __t-* -- * - .s~ tQ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ^O ; e=gi -'=:U - - ; ap -n i a*v.7 - 0 . 05.8; =' Xit3 0: -,8'jiv5-, _ ,>,ffi, - _ = u__2C' ~4 i -OC e 97- - %-FF-s C _ C -_ Flow m3/s ~~~~~~~~- f t f't _- ft u -t Volmne3 - AlppoildixA Ftilie - 1301) and1(Aliilljollia Conlcetrilationls Fig. A2 Balsedloi MlIKEAlI p)redictionisl-r Marchl2010 D.,ta 1170 ..I. ISI, . 60 1? -: . :I? ,j', !.t ;s-' t...... '!':;F.. ?0 e + + |. : .,1 i ; ,i .5- a:?24? t.,l?i i t ': 11-,1 ' 'O'?MittSi l ";t?X _ M)ll ta N)odesNdc f )" 1 ' - i . . , -, 2 S HOC T < C 4 .. g 1 Q ; 0 . ? ¢4. 5 140 !.'' tt ...... f, 0 ;i! A l $t o4if | tSt 1 0 | oQ# o + w , 1 . . -;. S ilrt 2 t t "uBG l |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T .o 90< _ :; + ;;!,*,5*XtE SF'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 13 (=4tfurlilcei 5() | i ii- - - t ¢ i | 2 S ziz !.t.i 6 ^*|;t-^!tfet*,qt,n* St<;Iver;lgC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iianli I11.I.A I'':N0X ConcentrationmgAl Z-7 F, _~ . -. w.-: ', . . .IiiC, c K _ :- _ _ ,------F--o---m3/s~i '. .- .... . :',-,,-. w...... ,j,f-IZ ' - . -=:; -; .. .; -+g *~ ~- .;.g. -> > L_____ e __;_ . _ S ______F__ W~~~~~~~~~~~r . .. .- r ...... ¢s '>- is-, , ' : . -: :' 't.-'i ...... , > b.* -j ...... Cs '-.'.: .... ' .:- - ;,0 -,~~~~~~~ _ ,, ,.,W>. H.. P;L Concentration mg/l 0 Cr .'j'L C'2 _ ------ 71 - ------= t ---- '-' 1-' ' I------ NW =.^-.¢ ^- - - - -. - - - 'F~~~~~I--- w t g? 'Dt~~~~~~~~~~--_e-~ .--. .. ;:*[0 _ j 4- 7 7 - ___.__- n -g "'t~ gE Z C> + *17, *,7-.Z0"._.__;-'T0 ,t Z ~k~ t~;M < . _._ xXs ;ra7es r--eFlo_ w m3_s_ -. . _. w .- - ~2 i .-...... - .- -t ;-- t t_ -.~- Cm -+n -= O -C ^nr_ 0=~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Xm a,--X.,XFlow,3/ ~~~~~~~ -_ Z r - _ _ -. C .: - -E tg _ .. K _~~C, - - . v vE j tz Miainyualit- BOD aindiAmmoli.ia Concenitrations Fig. A5 ILisedl on MIKErI I plredlictions lor- Mai-eii 2010 Dtal Aiitl Slt(is-iigllcatlionls oIt Nodses Izoi- Callibration" (II'MOlS;iln t + + + _ + $+ ^ < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MollSilllD)ataNodles 80~~~ t + _ S:i,:'j.;tieg,{3 ;j 70~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0i---eac tlttesd3 qq aitl 90) t 45 3t\ T @ ,|_ ;! M0sq j *'Qi!2Wrt; 8}X)rtseil 111!A 80 U4k0 lvrltrsl O giltitisiry ~~~~~~ 40 [)eyallL 5() 60 70 80~~~~~~~p ('II;*in;lgckm~ ~ ~ ~~IV 70~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) A':11 R35) Iw 60 3s,0 ,,., 1> SI( lIIJAN IIKIIAN LINVlRtONI\II N I IPRO.IIt I IVNVIRO)NMI NIAI. ASSuSSMI:NI Vtvil.i', 3 - Ai}peitdix A Sliitiiig - BOD and AmnmoniaConcentrations Fig. A6 Based oni MIEIC I predicfionis lor March 2010 Data 30 PUI I k X . MUIIIiottSI )lRitaNodes 12 T4 et_t so CC I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i 41It,7I:A.AI'I'INl)IXA I () aI ReacheU4()506( iTta'.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 v! 25 i11EI 1T 60 t ' , 1'~~40- 'JAI ln ~ (IaiIIeI( )yii oi1uic iE ity an i lii 411671A Al II Ni)RA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SIl IIIIAN IIkiIAN 1NVII(' NNII NI I'R0.II( I I NVIRONNILNIAl. ASSE.SSME:NI Votilui,e3 - AppendixA Puyanig - BOD aindAniinonlia Concenltratioins Fig. A7 Bahsed oii MIKEI I p)retlicIions folh larelh2010 Ijaha 50~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ V ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~50 1+ ______'p a ~4 * e zS MttSi,ii Data Nodes 4S t : i: L '' I i t i anid Reaches .~~~~t14 ~ ~~ 1, 4450 . , 4 iE + . 35 40 10 4 05 0 10 20 40 60 70 80~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 ClialnalgeKuiu Coiilltieiice ~~~~~~vitIiTtlioPoang t ~.fitllc ~ ~ ~ ~ Clang Km__ ilojia Wil' 5I t L prsLi 41361 I.A.APII~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NI)IXA~~rprset 05 5 30 5 1 I SICHU,k,NURBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - AppendixA Annex B Calibration of MottSim model to MIKEII 41367.EA.APPENDIXA DECEMBER 1998 ASSESSNIE'% $ICHI.AN URB k-NENVIRONNIENT PRO)ECT ENV~IRONXIENTAL Min River - Calibration at Nodes - MottSim V iMikell Fig. BI Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 ScenarioDesCription Reachlindex EBasin !qnde_ Scenario _Description Reac~hIrides BasinIndex_ Baseline MIKEI1 102.0 3 40 Scenario3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Baseline MottSim 102-8 3.40 Scenario4 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario2 -No0used 0.0 0.00 Flow goo UpperMinjiang Lowe Miang Fuhte 2000 400 1 2 .aWn 5 to In la 1 LaOhti ad n 22 Nan Sh Chenqdu tofFu, OD -BOD+4.3NH4 10 3 D.jandya,g 6 16 18i7 .. 4 Inn 2i F BOD 120 . -- - . - - - - - . . - 100 30 20 I 2 3 0ongy.ng 0 .In 1lB 7 I LsanOdI nS2 a. silCrnl uF End iofF Ammoniacal N 25 20 1 2 3 0-iig 5 Fu i 17 Laotian Do n 22 Non S Che.ngduFu 28 Owangyang 18 18 014,16 368 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EndofF. Upper Minjiang LmowrMmnjiang Fuhe -MIKEll Moilsam er,n 411,1.'ENS \PPF\13I\A SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSME\ Min River - Calibration at Nodes - MottSim V Mikel I Fig. 82 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Scenario Description ReachIndex BasinIndex Scenario Description ReachIndex BasinIndex_ Scenano4 NIIKEII Phase1Chengdu&Lesh 82.1 2.S3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario 4 MIonSim - PhnseI Chengdu & I.e 87.2 2.98 Not used 0.0 0.00 No° used 0.0 0.00 ______. Flow 800 UpperMinjiang LowerMiniiang Fuhe 600 Pi400 200 _, .- N.... 3 5 f. I1 Lnhun 22 Ch."O"' F. 2 Olwngyang d B 18 OaOln E ofF. OD -BOD.4.3NH4 so 200 00 / 3 5 ',In 17 Lashan 22 Nan 2 ClWngd,F, Ouwnsyanm 6 S 18 Odu In 30 e,a i F. BOD 80 20 20 - \ 3 5 F 5 17 eshan 2 Ou,.nqyang 22 Nan CheogouFu 5 *e 18 Ou In SB. Cneolfu Ammoniacal N 2520 / _ 0 2 Oa-gyam a Is DOduin She E/.tu UPPerMnjiarng LowerMinjianlg FuhSe MMIKEII PFalsaCnou&Lesnan Mot.Sim.Phsa 1 Chngdu & Lesan SICHU2ANURBAN ENVIRONXIENT PROJECT ENVIRO~'4ENuEN¾-rL.SSESS'IE Tuo River - MottSim Calibration to Mike 11 - By Nodes Fig B3 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Calibration Scenario Description Node Index Basin Index Scenario Description ReachIndex Basin Index Baseline Mike II 167.6 3.65 Scenario 3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario i \IottSim 26.1 -.99 Scenario 4 Norused 0.0 000 Scenario S Notused 0 0 0.00 Flow 50 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting Puyang Fuxi us 3o / 0 1 3 5 Chengdu Pu 13 15 Neang '9 23 Devang Pyang z2igone 2 Oeyong ShItgin 12 14 __ _ _UI 7 10 __ 21 OD - BOD+4.3NH4 300 200-- 100 1 3 5 Chengdu.Pu 13 IS Neang 19 23 Oeyv PuyaSg Zgong 2 Oeyang Sh.ngui 12 14 16 18 Fu.in 7 10 21 BOD 250 200 100 a1 '00A so *50 1 3 5 ltengu. Pu 13 I6 Ne*ang ¶9 33 DOyang Puyang Zgong 3 eya.nq 3nnng In 12 '4 16.0.., In10. Ammoniacal N so 30 z 10 O -/ .10 1 3 5 =hengd Pu 13 NBng"O 1I 23 Cepa PupegN Zg 2 Depang OIfng n 4 12 14 19 F1s In 7 l0 21 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting Puyang Fuxi Md* 1 1 m-osan SICHLUANURBAN ENV:RoN,IMEN-rPROIECT ENVIRON,MEAL SSESSMEN Tuo River - MottSim Calibration to Mike 11 - By Nodes Fig. B4 Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data - March 2010 Calibration - Phase I Municipal Sewage treatment at all 3 Project cities __ Scenario Descripnon _ NodeIndex Basinindex Scenario Descrition _Node Inde BasinIndex Scenario I %likeII -PhaseI 147.1 3.38 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario I XlottSim - Phase I 198.8 4.70 Not used 0.0 0.00 Not usd 00 0°00° _ - Flow 0o Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting Puyang Fuxi 40 / 40 0 ------1 3 5 C7,en0u 13 i5 Newng 8 23 O&Yngf2 PUYANG Z Ong 2 Vevngr2 SumnQ 12 14 10 10 F.,In 7 70 21 OD - BOD.4.3NH4 '00 300 2e00 BOD zoo -1oo 150 100 o, - .50 -50 21 -er s5 CeeQd.u 1 75 Nii eg 19 2i23 Dey02 7 PUYANG Z,onq 2 Deyun32 37,0,11 12 14 15 16l funl 7 10 21 Ammoniacal N 40 30 , / Xz / \0 0 0..- - -- _-. . .. .10 I s c*wg0 12 15 Nylq 1 23 0eaq2 PuYANG Zlgw 2 O.-g402 Sasig 12 14 10 1C F-i k, 7 10 21 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shtiing Puyang Fuxi _Mik 1 1 - Pne t momUAmn.Phiase7 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Fig. B5 Tuojiang - Annual Range of Ammonia and 80D Concentration Change in response to seasonal flow change Basedon MIKEtI resultsfor 1987 Calculatedas monthlyAverages BOD 20 15 E -a 10 o ~~~~~~~~\ , \ S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .,I I...... 0 so 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Chainagekm Ammonia 12 - Low Flows 10 - Average Flows ... High Flows 4 _ ~~ ~ ~ \ N -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/. .~~ 0 -__/ _ 0~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~...... -...... 0 s5 A 100 iSO 200 250 A3 00 350 A 400 450 Chainage km Jiayang Neijiang Zigong 41367.EA.APPENDIXA DECEMBER1998 SICHU,vN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESS.MENT Volume3 - AppendixA Annex C MIKEll Predictions for impact of Phase 1 WWTW schemes in the year 2010. 41367.EA.APPEND[XA DECEMBER 194$ SICHUAN' URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMEN&AL ASSESSN EN Min River - MIKE11 Predictions - By Reaches Fig. Cl Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data - March 1987 Phase I Urban Sewage Treatment __ _ Scenario Desrilion___ ReachIndex BasinIndex Scenario onscripnon ReachIndex BasinIndex BaSelinc Baselinj 25.9 1.45 Scenario 3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario I Chengduand Leshai Phase 19.9 1.04 Scenario 4 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario 2 Notused 0_09 0.00 Reach Index 12 UpperMinliang LowerMinjiang Fuhe 10 soe z 4 a o0 ...... 9 . . . 9...... *.. ..FF.F 2 3 * 5 Fu It, 10 Lesn.n 14 sna FUY OD - BOD+4.3NH4 120 -.--- _ _ _- _ _ _-______- _ _.-.--~ ______100 so sof 80D 40 20 50 - 2 ozo C0 2 3 4 5 Fin *0 *1 Lnfn 14 NOa SnI r. Ammoniacal N .5 .5 / ¶0 0 ,9. - .9.. .. .,__ ...... _ 9...9.. 9 _ .. t 2 2 3 5 Fuin 10 11 Ltmn 14 Nan SR. FPue Upper Minpiang Lower Minjiang Fuhe _ BaseuR.{i Notuses~ Chengu at Lan PFa - Not uas" . NMotu ENVIRONMEENTAL ASSESSilEI SICHUAN URBAN pO IRONNIENT PROIECT Min River - MIKEI1 Predictions - By Reaches Fig. C2 FlowData - March1987 - LoadData - March2010 Phase I Urban Sewage Treatment Scenar io Datcription Reach Index Basin Index Scenario Descri tion Reach Index RauinIndex Baseiine Basefine j0.9 2.35 Scenario 3 Chengduand Leshan Phase i 43.7 2.39 Scenario I ChengdiuPhase 1 43.7 2.39 Scenario -4 Notused 0.0 0.00 Scenario 9 LeshanPhase I 50.9 _.85 Reach index 25 UpperMiniang LowerMintiang Fuhe 20 15 10 - ..- - - --.. _ .____-- O0.-- . .- ..- Na,n ha F.m 1 2 D.n?yCgl 4 5 F.umn 10 11 Lesnaln 14 OD - BOD+4.3NH4 150 50_ NW, Snm Fe 1 2 Dwpatngyal 4 5 F. in tO II Lemlun 14 BOD 100 - 0 .0 . 30 ~ NMn r. FLae 1 2 Dflngyan : S F.m 10 1 L,smns 14 Ammoniacal N 30 25 20 z ' ! z O0 / F.Mt 1 a OwlUlgy*l1 4 5 FuSIn t° LusM_ 14 NMt SM 5_ Upper Minjang. Lower Minjiang Fuhe _ i3aseine Cangau aneLaan Ftas 1 CliengduPSst CJas3 Slanana ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNIE ilCHU'ANLURP.BAN MvRO.NMENTPROJECT Tuo River - MIKE11 Predictions - By Reaches Fig. C3 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 1987 Phase 1 Urban Sewareatment Scenario Description ReachIndex BasinIndex Scenario Dacripti.n ReachIndex BasinIndex Baseiine BLseline 47.7 2.11 Scenario 3 Not used e 0 0.00 Scenario I Deyangand Neijiang Phase I 37.8 189 Scenario 4 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario 2 Not used _. OO0 Reach Index IA Mianyuan Tuoliang Shiting, Puyang & Fuxa 12- 4/ 2 -o 2 Oeyanr12 4 0/Sh. S 3 IS 11 12 NeWN 14 15 0SFu, Shbmq Puagq Zigeoa OD - BOD+4.3NH4 050 _ - . -----_. __-- -______ so 20 -// 2 oDyang2 * D0SSn. 3 9 to 11 12 NqMgr 14 15 0s Fu- Shi,g PYuY Z,orq BOD 40 - -- -- 30 / 20 // 10 2 oeVW2 * D!SSb a 3 I 0 1 12 Ne"r 14 1 S D0SFu. Shtt,g Payu Z2f Ammoniacal N '-5 20 .5 I 2 oVWsW2 a 0/0S15 a 9 15 11 12 Neal 14 is UiSFua SFdAg Puy4r Z4 Mtanyuan Tuqjiang Shling. Puyang& Fuxi - asa Not usa DOaYa andNo*n PIws 1 Neuote ._ Not used SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRO% IENT PROJECT EN\IRO?4NMENTAL ASSESSME' Tuo River - MIKEll Predictions - By Reaches Fig. C4 Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data - March 2010 Phase I Urban Sewage Treatment .. . ._____ Scenario Description Reach Index Basin Index Scenario Descrip!!on Reach 1ndex Bsin, Index Baseline Baseline 115.1 4J40 Scenario 3 DevangandNeijian Phase 1 99.7 4.07 Scenario I Deylne PhaseI 101o 4 14 Scenario 4 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario ' Neijian Phasc 113o 4-33 Reach Index 30 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting,Puyang & Fuxi 25 20 10 . C / \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.- _. _ . _ _. . . . . _-. ..- _. -_-__ _. _._ .__ . 1 2 Otyang 4 OMShi a 9 10 I_ 12 Nam3 I' 15 a/s N.. Sito Puyang Zong 00- BOD+4.3NH4 x0 .~. _- .. _ - t'o aso- - I 2 nOyang OyOSlh S 9 10o 1 12 Nug 14 1 5 DOMFP ShNiQ Psyagn Zi.gor BOD 00 50 / - 30/ * 2 Ocyang o 0/SSo, S 3 10 11 :2 Neg.ag 4 IS 0/OPso Shitmo Puyn5t Zioosgt Ammoniacal N *0 30 j 20 / \. / to i/ 1 2 Dsy4rs 4 ao s v a 9 to II t2 Ne1.n 14 15 ors FU SMaig Paying Zigeng Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting.Puyang & Fuxi _ Bsasne ang ntiaNaoa Pha, I sOyangPhan I Clas 3 stwxad _ NOa" PFh" 1 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIENT Volume3 - AppendixA Annex D MottSim Predictions of the impact of treatment scenarios on the River Min 41367.EA.APPENDIXA DECEMBER 199S SICHUANURBAN ENVIRON.NIENT PROJECT EN'VIRON NIEXTA L ASSESSNI E\ Min River - MottSim Results - Bv Reach Fig. DI Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Ph-ase I Municipal-Sewage Treatment ______scemario DescripLtion Reach Index Basinindex SctenriO Description Reachindex Basin Index Baseline 64.4 3.21 Scenario 3 Chengdu&Leshin Phase 1 55.6 2.72 Scenario I ChenedtoPhase 1 55 B 272 Scenario 4 V4otused fl0 000D Scenario LeshanPhase I 64.2 3.2 Flow 00o UpperMinjiang LowerMinjiang Fuhe ;,400 200 1 2 Dunjpngymn 4 5 DI$F. a Lasfuln 50 Na h arF OD -BOD.4.3NH4 200 100 50 1 2 Dnnpangyw C 5 01s F. 7 a Lasla 10 MNs sha LOaWeFa BOD so ------ 604 20/ 0 - 0.npa.agya. I 5 OSlOP. 7 0 Lasnan a Non Sh) LowerF., Ammoniacal N 20 20 ¶0 z l 0 ¶ * 1 2 0au"Yan 4 S D/SF. 7 a LoaBan 10 Nan She LOwenF. UpperMinjpang LowerMinliang Fuhe L.Ia~sI PhaseI ChWSqOsPh.Isa1 ChAngs & LeasnanPt,aaa i SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNEN"T PROJEC-T ENVIRONNENTAL ASSESSMESN Min River - MottSim Results - By Reach Fig. D2 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 80% Municipal BOD and Ammonia Removal Scenario Description _ ReachIndex Basinindex Scenario Description _ Reach Index Basin Index Baseline 64.4 3;21 Scenario3 Chengda,ILeshiun 80% 35.2 15; ScenarioI Chengdu0a.0 3 7 s.53 Scenario4 Not uscd 0.0 0.oo Scenario 2 LeshanSO° 639 3 20 Flow 500 UpperMinpang LowerMinpang Fuhe 4000 200 I 2 3 * 5 OvSFuhe la 17 Lesn 141Nn sn Fune OD - BOD+4.3NH4 200 ___ _ - ISO so1 -/ 50 ------1 2 3 4 5 0vSrune l0 11 Lsn n 14 N*. Sna Futle BOD 00 so 20 / - - - - - . -. -- -v 2 3 4 5 DISfuIe *0 11 LemSS3 I N S.s F. Ammoniacal N 20 20 TZO 1 2 3 4 5 OIS Fune 0 Lnsm 14 Nan SOs Fuh, UpperMinjtang LowerMin#ang Fuhe Chengsu& L*laWn eO% ChtegouEOY: - Not used .- L~ fnB% ENVIRON\MENTAL ASSESSMIENT SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONM.ENT PROJECT Min River - MottSim Results - By Reach Fig. D3 Flow Data - March 1987- LoadData - March 2010 Treatment of 10 mostpolluting ajor Industrieson the U p _i_orM_ Minor Industries in Chenodu Scenario Description Reach Inde Basin Index Scenario Descnption _ _ _Reach Index Basin Index 0.00 Baseline 64.4 ;.1 Scenario 3 Not used 0.0 Scenario I ChengduRegion industnal Top O 56.0 2.88 Scenario 4 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario 2 Chenedu Cirn Minor Industr 58. I 2.85 Flow 800 Upper Minjiang Lower Minjiang Fuhe A 00 2,00/ zoo Sha F. * 2 Ounpngyan 4 5 oIS FU 7 3 Leas.n 1C Nan OD - BOD+4.3NH4 to a 6 00 Non ShI FU 1 2 Ounngyan 4 5 DIS FU 7 a Lffsna 10 40 BOD 20 250 nO /~~~ ./ ' * 2 Dinpnanyan 4 5 OIS FU . Lessn 10 Nan sii Ammoniacal N :s as~~~~~~~~~~~~ssw 20 1 2 D.pngoon 4 S 04SF.. 7 8 sutn t0 rNan sit FU. UpperMinjiang LowerMinjiansg Fuhe Chbnu R.oiC 1nusin Top 10 -a Ch*ngitu Cty MinD Inousoy SICHIJAN URB.AN E3xvtIRONMENT PRO)EC1 ENNVIRONNIENTALASSESSNIEV Min River - MottSim Results - By Reach Fig. D4 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Impact of releasing more water from river headwaters during low flow period Scenario Descripion Reach index Basin Index Scenario Description ReachIndex Basin Index Basehine Baseline 64.4 ;.21 Scenario 3 Fuhc.Shahe and Nazthe5 m;is c 46.4 2.14 Scenario I Min I0 mS/s S2.7 2.77 Scenario 4 Sha. Nan& Fu 5 m;/s Ntin IS m ;2.6 1.6; Scenario 2 Shahe10 miSs _ __4 t 2.57 Flow 800 Upper Minjiang Lower Minjiang Fune 200 200/ 0 - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------1 2 3 * S DIS F 7 Lsh-n n o Nan Sha Fu OD - BODI4.3NH4 200 -- _ _.. _ .-.--.- .- _ .- .- *- _ ._.._ .__---- __ __ .__ _..___ iso so -~~~~~~~, 1 2 3 4 S D/SFu 7 a Lass. n o Nan Sna F. BOD .0 60 / _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ 40 / 0 x /O 0 kV~~~~~,/ -. _ 2 *- E 2 35 s /S F. 7 a Lesan in NWn O P. Ammoniacal N 25 20 _ 2 / _ -4.. a,---- *f 4-.. _ 2 5 O/ . 7 a Lsa oN m F 10 . ... -~~~~~~~~~~~~~IW.Sae dNr* 31 u A/' * a 4 O .- . . . - 2 3 * 5 CVSF., 7 ti LeSaae tO Nan Sta Fu, Upper Minipang LoswerMinjiang Fuhe _ 8# M,ne Fane. Shan. andNani 5 i53/s San Min io m3/s A sa. Nan& Fu Sm3vs 3 uin 15 mSs SSIate 10rn3s SICHUAN UtRBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Min River - MottSim Results - By Reach Fig. D5 Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data - March2010 Combinations of Domestic and industrial treatment with Flow Augmentation Scenario Descripuion Reach Index Basin Index Scenario Description Resch index Basin Index Baseline 64.4 3.21 Scenario 3 - Mlin iO others5 cumecs 12.8 0 36 Scenario I Chengdu nd - 80% Domesoc 272 1.21 Scenarno 4 - Min 20 others IO cumecs 7.5 0;3 Scenario2 CheneduInd - s"o Domesnc- Le 26.7 120 Flow 800 UpperMinliang LowerMinjiang Fume i,400 200 0 I Z 3 * S~~~~4 DIS F. 7 s 0Nan sne Fu OD - BOD+4.3NH4 200 - …- - - -.. _-- ~ .______-- ~ -.-.-. 200 100 _- 5a - _ / X = ~ = b *'' ------ I 2 3 4 5 CIrSF. 7 9 TO NMn Sh4 F. BOD 60 sa ~~~~~/ ° 0 ------/ . O B S~~~ -a . ....-- t ... 2 3 * 5 Ola F. 7 99 :0 Nan Sla Ammoniacal N 0 / 0 \./ /v--- .W 0 1 2 3 4 S O/SFu 7 a 9 10 Nan SO. Fu, UpperMinjiang LowerMinjiang Fuhe Min10 oters 5 Cme= ChJngouInd * 80%Domestic MUin 20 owons1O unAecs _ Chngu In 80% Onestc * Lcsnnn50% SICHUAN jURBAN EINVIR0N\IE\T PROJECT ENVIRON IENTFAL ASSESSIEN7I Min River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. D6 Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data- March 1987/ 2010 Comparison between 1987 and 2010 Baselines Scenario Description ReachIndex BasinIndX Scenario DPcinption ReachIndex BasinIndex Baseline 00to 646 3'I Scenario 3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Baseline 19s7 33.; 66 ScenariO4 Not usCd 0.0 0.00 Scenario 2 Notused 0.0_ 0.00 Reach Index 25 UpperMinliang LowerMinmiang Fuhe 20 tO / S~~~~~~~~~~~ r 1 2 3 4 S Pa I3 10 11 LesnSn 14 Nun Sha FW,e OD - BOD+4.3NH4 200 so BOD 30 /\ ~40 10 .0 °S40 / 1 2 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/4 5 Futn a0 It Lesn 14 n ts F:s UpperMinliang LowerMirk5lang Fuhe 2010 NotUsed 1I87 v- Not used Notue SICHUX'sIURBANENVIRONMNiENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMlENrr Volume3 - AppendixA Annex E MottSim Predictions of the impact of treatment scenarios on the River Tuo 41367.EA.APPENDIXA DECEMBER19Q8 SICHLA URBA., E\IRON>IE\rPRoJECT FN VIROI XIENTAL ASSESSIEN Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. El Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Phase 1 Municipal Sewage Treatment at project cities Scenario Decription Reach Index BasinIndex Scenario Description ReachIndex Basin Index Baseline 148.0 6.95 Scenano5 Zigong-Phase 143.2 6.57 Scenario I Deyang- Phase1 13.2 6.60 Scenarto4 All ProjectCitics 126.1 6.13 Scenario '2 _eiiiane -Phase1 146.7 _ 6.86 Flow 60 Mianyuan Tuoliang Shrting.Puyang & Fuxs 40 / _4 / 20 i O . .- _ . . .- _ . . 1 2 Desang 4 shIln a 9 t0 11 12 N1ngn 14 I5 DOSF- ShdnS Punyng Z;9ong OD BOD+4.3NH4 300 _. _- _ _ _ _ _--..-- _ _- _- _ _~-. _- -- ~ --.- ___ 250 200 -0 130 . ISO I00. 1 2 DOe.ne 4 Si.In ! 9 10 11 12 Ne0ng 14 10 orlSPNW sange Puyang z,gong BOD 100 0 I 50 ''\ I 1 2 Denyng 4 StIn a 9 10 1 1 N2 n 14 10 OISFe SOWnIg Puyifl Z.a0g Ammoniacal N & A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A 10 9 1 20 . ' N; 1 2 Oe. ngn ^ Shlnn 5 9 10 11 12 NO.g 14 IS DrsFne Oh1ng Puy ng Z.9000 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting,Puyang & Fuxi _ LZgo - phaF N9yn - PhU9amI A8FrtCi EAIu.t Ne,n%g DER1 * 17E APPENOIXA DC'IE 4 SICHUAN URPBA ENVIRON.%IE\T PROJECT ENVI RONMENTAL ASSESSIOE\ Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E2 Flow Data - March 1987- Load Data - March2010 80% MunicipalSevwa&e treatment at project cities Scenario Duecription _ Reachindex Basin Index Scenario Description Re2chIndex BasinIndex Baseline 14.0 6.95 Scenario 3 Zigong- 80. 130.4 5.53 Scenario I Devan.- 80% 20.8 6.34 Scenario 4 All Cities 00.3 4.75 Scenario 2 vijiano 80°O _14i 4_ 6.77 Flow 00 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shing. Puyang& Fuxi 40 0; 20 'A 0 1 2 Ceyar.,2 4 D/SS, a 9 I0 11 12 Neing 14 15 D/SF..i Sh0fsnoP,wans 7g;90 OD- BOD+4.3NH4 30z 250 200 a 150 - A 100 -- / / \ 1 2 Oe"n.'2 4 0I¢Sh 0 9 to0 I1 12 Ne*i.n4 1 15 Dr. F.. s000g Py.no Z,nong BOD ISO / zso 1 2 Dev.ng92 O/SSlsi 9 10 I1 ' Nesing $4 OSDiF..s 5sosio .. ang Zigom; Ammoniacal N 40 ?0 .' '-.,. 30 A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2040 ,~~~~~~~~~1 2 DeYW2 4 D* S¢ an _ 9 10 11 12 ng" 14 iS OISFun sngsrg FWsan ZIP Mianyuan Tuqiuang Shnting,Puyang &Fuxi _ ~~~~~Zigofs- t8O% DWUnv - ao% Als QGSs 2N0p".o% ENVEIRONMENTAL ASSESSt EN- SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E3 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Treatment or elimination of discharges from Major industries around project cities Scenario Description ReachIndex_Basin Index ScensriO DrJpwln ReachIndex Basin Index Baseline Baseline 148.0 6.95 Scenario3 Zigong 144.3 6,63 Scenario I Deang 143.3 6.85 Scenario4 Chengdu 144.0 6.72 Scenario 2 Neijiaoy 144.6 6: __ Flow 00 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shitng, Puyang& Fuxi 40 Fe ~~~~~~/ 20 / 1 2 OeyanW/2 4 OfSSh a 9 10 11 12 Neang 14 15 OISFu. S8g Pauyng 24058 OD - BOD+4.3NH4 300 - 250 200 ' 150 100 1 2 Deyar52 4 0/S,Sh, 8 9 I1 12 Ne*" 14 15 0/SFP ShrAg Puyn& Zgong BOD '50 00 "I so / 0 2 * Deval,22 4 Ds s a 9 IC 12 N g 14 SFM shun Ammoniacal N 42 30 A. Ne' N S I~~ 2_ebO /O, 8 9 1 i 1 eg 4 1 /F. iagP,agZg SHIJHANURBAN ENVIROAIs,gNT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSM.EN Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E4 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Treatment or elimination ofdshr".sfrom Nlio r industriesaround Doetcte S~cerkar Desuipsio ReachIndex Basin Insdex ScenarSio Descriptions ReachIndtx BasinIndex B3aseline 148.0 6.93 Scenario 3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario I All Ma%ljorIndustnes 130.3 3.90 Scenario -I Not used 0.0 0.00 Scenario 2 Notused 0.0 0.00 Flow so Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting, Puyang &Fuxi 40 250 250 '00 so 1 2 Oy.flg/Z 4 DOSShO _a 9 10 ¶1 12 Ne.,m, 14 is =IFo- Sh4mg Puymig ZQgse BOD 150 - 100 0 50 2 Oee.oq,2 4 Z'SSsi a 10 11 12 Ne".un 14 15 0.0 F..o Shol Poyang Z,gsn Ammoniacal N z *. - . .. --...-.- .- - . ft -.. Oesor.g2 4 OISS5 a0h O 1 12 No,"g 14 is OJSF-. ShMag PUYin Zigog Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting.Puyang & Fuxi - ~~~~~~NotUsed ANMa nefd0A"S Not 1416 Not.Ou..o SICHLUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMEN Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E5 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Treatment or elimination of discharges from Minor industries around project cities _ _ Scenario _Descripion _ Reach Index Basinindex Scenario Desenption _ ReachInde.x BasinIndex Baseline 148.0 6.95 Scenano 3 Ziyong 146S 6 S5 Scenario I Desava 141.7 682 Scenario4 Deyang.Neijiang and Zigong 136.7 6.47 Scenario 2 Neijianyg 144.3 6.70 Flow so Mnanyuan Tuojiang Sht6g. Puyang& Fuxi ui * _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 40 e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~/1 20 / O . . _ - I 2 Deyan5(2 4 D3' Sh, S 9 10 11 12 Neqlg 14 IS OIS F.., SOMO PFuyng Zgong OD - BOD+4.3NH4 250 200 ISO 100 0so 1 2 DeyanWl2 4 D0Ssn 8 9 to 11 12 NUIN 14 IS D/SF= ShS Puyan Zi BOD *00 '50 1 2 Deyang,2 * W1SSh, 8 9 t0 I1 12 Nrang 14 is O/SPFu SuImO PU0 O 20 Ammoniacal N 20 30 -20 A\ N /1 2 10 / 1 2 Oe"2 4 WS sn a 9 10 11 12 Nemang 14 1S 0/S Pan SMoeg Puya ZOe Msanyuan Tuojiang Shiting.Puyang & Fuxi OerIw.g w D'PNg. N 3DaNgwamd Ziong . Nea9 SICHLUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTAL ASSESSNMEN- Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E6 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Flow augmentation Scenario Dfscrip iOn Reach Index Basin Index Scenario Descrip on Reach Index Basin Indes Baseiinc 14S.0 6.95 Scenario 3 Puvan6 i cumecs ;38.9 6.17 Scenario I Mianvusn S cumecs 112.6 605 Scenario 4 FNi ) cumecs 1344 iS90 Scenario s s 1;'-1 6.55 Scenario a Mial 10.P-mana. Sihitie. Fuxi 6602 3; 3 Flow 100 Mianyuan Tuopiang Shiting,Puyang & Fuxi io 40 20 0 2 Deyanq/2 a 0/S Sh. a a 10 I¶1 2 Neq".9g u is OJFans w wmqZg OD -BOD+4.3NH4 250 200 LN ?so- A ¶50soo ISOO 1 2 Dyr.ng/2 4 01SSh, 8 9 10 11 ¶2 Ne*20ng 14 15 0/S F.. Shown oupang Zigon BOD J . . _ _ . . _ _ . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..-. *00 / A, 50 _ - = . . . . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . . .~~~~~~~-. N 0 1 2 Oeyang,2 * 0SSiS 9 10 ¶1 ¶2 Neijano 14 is 0'S Fuzl. Sh4ng U4N9 Zigoo Ammoniacal N *0 20 4 01 I. 0t 1e'qZ 30 to A ShoN 5 GUMACS Mi 10. Puy". S.ing F. ' cameos SICHL'ANURBAN, EN4VIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIEN-TLASSESSNiEN' Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E7 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Combination_Phase_Ior 80% Domestic+ Major and Minor Industries _ __ Scenario Descripuion RuachIndex Basin Index Scenario DesCription ReachIndex Basin Index Baseline l-t&0 6.93 Scenario 3 SO',.- ajo,rindusi I Scenario I PhaseI -Major industry 107.7 3.09 Scenario 4 00%-Major~ MinorIndustry 71.2 3.34 Scenario2 Phase - MIajr -Miiur uldusirs_ 96.2 4.63 Flow 80 ~~~Mianyuan Tuojiang Shdting.Puyang A& Fuxi 40 20/ 1 2 0eysOq2 D4 5. 9 10 I11 12 Ne0ang It I 5 01SPF- SIhog- Puysa Ziqs OD - BOD+4.3NH4 200 Bh too- .100 - ' 2 OeySGn2 4 01S Sh, a 9 10 !I 12 Nepang 14 15 0/0 PFa Shoto Pygag Zoo%s BOD '00 20 A I 2 Oeywnq2 * ois aS a 10 II 12 Ntyaii 14 is 0/0 Fue SsIa, Posin Zaiso AmmoniacalNhaeI Mw Uonusr SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT MIRONMENTAL .SESSMEN Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E8 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 2010 Combination - Domestic Treatment + Major ] Minor Industries + Flow Augmentation Scenario Deseraprion ReachIndex Bain Index Scenario Descr.pnion Reach Index Basin Index Baseline 14S.0 6.95 Scenario 3 80%MNiajor-blinor'Nhian10 c 46.1 2.67 Scenario I Phase[-%fianvuan 5 cumecs 98.9 5.42 Scenario4 80%.-Ali1ndustroyNfian 10 Pu. 29.S 1.76 Scenario 2 Phase I[-\a 1or-Nfian.Pu.Shifin%z.F 5_5.4 _ .99 Flow 100 Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiling. Puyang& Fuxi 80 40 50 - ' - .- .. - 20 a 1 2 0eoaxni2 4 DM0Shi 8 5 10 I1 12 N,jang 14 is 12/SFns. sftw' PaV"n Zigong OD -BOD+4.3NH4 200Zso .... --_ _ _ . -. 230 100~~~~...... *.. .- ._.. 200 so 1 2 0eyango 4 Ws0Shi t 9 10 11 12 Ne.#iWn 14 15 O/S Fu, ShiONt PFUY Zgog BOD *:so*0 A -50 2 D.y.ng,2 * o-ssh t 9 10 11 z2 wN*.g 14 15 OISFul. Slilil PUy&, 2Z-0ng Ammoniacal N O 20/ .n~~ ~ ~~~~~...... 0 - --.- -. - A- 1 2 Dyang/2 4 /s0 0 95 I 11 12 Ne*ng 114 S F/SPu. SrAng Ptying Zgn Mianyuan Tuojiang Shiting,Puyang & Fuxi aO%-Mr noMWW-Mian10 coenw Phase14M,Sn"nua S cumam A 30%-ANIndusly.Mian 10 Pu.Shing. Fua Scr Phase .Ma0M.n i.uSlsUing.", 5 cumaca SICHUANURBAN, ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIE' Tuo River - MottSim Predictions - By Reaches Fig. E9 Flow Data - March 1987 - Load Data - March 1987 I2010 CPomparisotn_ofwater quality inI1987with that likelv in 2010 with no treatment ______SCenario Description - ___ ReachIndex BasinIndex Scenario Descripjaion ReachIndex Basin Index BaScitne 210wi 14S0 6.9 SCenario3 Not used 0.0 0.00 Baseline 1987 66.7 3.47 Scenario4 Not used 0.0 0.00 SCen3ri0__ Not used 0.0 0.00 ReachlIndex 20 ~~~~Mianyuan Tuojiang ShFting.Puyanig & Fuxi 20 10 1 2 Ofyangq 4 or.SOn, a 9 10 I 1 12 Nngwng 14 '5 Of$FOu Sh4mt PUvafi Z9ong 0OD BOD+4.3NH4 250 100 - BOD 150 100 2 nn A 00Oe 0 2ang IS IS0; P SStmg PuSag ZVgosg Ammoniacal N 40 30 20 z 1 2 Oeyang A 0/aSh. a IS 1I t2 NM"n 14L is D/SPFue SShi Puvang Ziong Mtaflyuan Tuopang ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ShitIg.Puyang & Fux, - 201 Not USOc 1987 Notused -*Not LSoa SCICRUANURBAN ENVIRONINIENTPROJE(C ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - Appendi\ A Annex F Tables of pollutant Loads and reductions achievable by treatment and locations of major industries 41367.EA.APPENI)IXA DECEMBER 1998 SI ill IAN I4KilN N:N% WoNtNINMl IlN fl( tI INVIONMUNIAt ASSESS lENf Table Fl Loads from Cities and Reductions achieved by Treatment - Minjiang ('Ilel)g]Ll I .oMds 2010 Nmle lltlNI Ill Nli 1 *., RcII,,AI,lI I lle Loads int River- are cletivedoi ii MIKF I I .oaIill 1 e:, I ,, I 1I676) 31.71 I ;*.1d Iil Il,i S11I., .1f. s . I hel)otD estic, UIrban anid Rtiral loatdingsare dterived O,,,,,e,,lI all ,I,, 6 9 9 fiol0 the Cowl louldliiIgsCalcttiklations aItI,lllial- Nhull.4 I7. InU I1.%,, Il1d 2 I,u,;,l 7 7 Inlal 224.4 44.211 I;lacI 111101,, 72 7.1 I1 ". 21`" AAlhm.SelivHO" *, ,. Iz,.l(.1.2 ! 794) 91s; 8 1'S NMajolId.limies I0looli. .91 I N*l I412 I !.. Millos I,InIuIic, 1( 1%, 317(15 1.112 Ž22; 12% Leshall I .ois Ijo Min hlowinIg IhIoughI(Cily Leshaiml,okdas Downstreamol' Dadti 20(10 Reductionstldue to Sewera ge Stchemles Reductions dutelo WW'I'W Nikic 111)1)glA NIlli/d %iteduclioIn Noile 1101)Iltl N114I u/fR6"l,ucii Load il citr 18 6914 59.79 IL.oadin Rivvr 21 810.57 31.69 1luISIIC.1III 17 8 79 36.06 D,meis,tic III I1.5 1.17 IDom,,esticII ball (9.55 .1 t7 IIdInsiaial- M.aim I11i4hlli;al. Maioj ll1,zSn,iat- N1i,,.n .'l I, s I tIdmilial- Mivlna 49.6 5.4 Riinti, ItIal 1;,ini X,)9.15 8,85 1 1:a 69.15 8.85 I'lseI 011. 21 7 !.7 310". 4% I'I,ascI 18Ill0X.. 2 22% 6% Domest:^i.c,60%; 6.f;, -11.5 3 3 611%t ')''i I),slllwicj@80,, 8%, 55.1 7 I g811,, 121i D),,l,CSlc 80-% 811t%- 55.3 7.1 69% 22% - I)ollce.i 1111, 1110!.. 69. I 8 .) I1r,1 15% M;aIo.Ind,,ll,ics III('% n1e 0o. Mi,m IdlI,s,I,lic I 11% .19.1,11) 5 38 71". 91k. Mimi IioIig.iil,s I IN?, 49 601 5.18 62'.. 17% 401.71 ~AAt t t NtIPlN l(D t t:MtlEK 11 S1I It AN tIN IlIAN I:NVik(NIIN I N I PHMV111IINVR KE1AlASE IINI Table F2 Loads from Cities and Reductionsachieved by Treatment- Tuojiang 'I1liI .iads in Ii ke2 a ,ILr derkged fi-ton1 NIIK I. II IhlieI RlIllestic,I Irbal a,s d Knialilload ing Ill dIalvull fi010IIIIe C,( )W I IolddiII gs cIllti k (lons D es'anu L oads Miam i'uiiao.itd Shil iiii 2010 I )ea~LoadS MianyLlaoni 70% 2010 Deyang L oads Shilinifgonly M1o% 20)10 N,sde 11OD1rd NI I II '!,. Iteductw. N,,,I HIM tllid Ni 14Vd , lLedlieji N,,le MOIII11.1 Nil l/ d %Re,loIiull I adII Rhljs 4,6 57 II 18 12 1 oad,il ltiver 4 31.117 9.36 Load ilIII ivel ( 23 29 1196 OIn,,eslic Il IIIiini 15 2 6I2 I 1,,,vsjm 1111u 2161 '1.34 olm,llsfic1)ib;t, 11256 1.116 lll,sl,eiajl hfi4j.. 6 1I, 1i H9 11, 4, 1isIiaI i" I597 11.65 ll0,,Ill,IljI hilj.o 2 97, O 27 1,10115s I I I q I,%, g,s 7 7t) I 33 TIomis I 311 Il 57 Folesi 76 II Is l,s 5 32 1111I IlVml 2 28 11115 Rmals I 5 (I 117 11111111 1.115 11115 Rma11) 1145 11(2 I'!IIIW I 1181",, ~~1 ~ ~~~~~~22 37',1, IVI'.. 1l%e,e I iHllly, i1 2 l'2!, I'hlIv I 100%' 21 2 901%. 2 2% Doo,,ebgic,j1111 111', 1 II. *1 '1s4 '. 27'!. D)mi,eIic 110%13. 1111 1 71 3 4 7 W11 37% DI),,ici~j MW1% 8011!. 1 43 I .19 W6% 17%. MWi~o WAIUMIWS,ll1l% 6 Nil O1,O I'S. ", 1,,8jo hulmlich,is 10MW. I15'W .45 1311% 5%1 Ma6jol11 lI,iIgC 11W11 I 97 III) 1/1% 2% 11iw,i. IlsitlI4Ilie, 10W11 11 I 19111% 5% 111114,1IlItllI,116'N IM11111 5 74 ((62 17% 7%" Mfi,,,lI d'Ilviies 1181% 2 II, II 27 11% I PlinseI I Maihm41idiifiiyI1 ~ IL 76% 26% % 2 2 'l'hse I I hhIjllu I hfijllol 11111111 1,% 15, 91% 33%! 19% 5% 3'W'13. I Nlaijo Indusiiy 6,1V . 11 72%~' 42'%, 45%11 19%l 4'1111. I NlItios I411'111,1411II,llI0l 75",, .15'!,, S893/. 4')'r. 55%N 22% NeijiiatogLo.8ads 2010) Zigong I Loads 2010) Chenlgdti lIldUtrisIiilL oads 2100 Node IIIoI) V,I N I I1,C , Iolu,IcIionI N,81e 1101111,d NI I I I/,dI', Il4dlim~j,i Mu,le 11(1, I'll NII-I 11.1N, I(edm6m,i Load1 in Kime I17 -15.3 811 24X .1 TI.,l,l I woe 211 75 5 IS11a L.ood IS,leled ill Riser '2 13.5 35- D)omesticI II bam .122 3.7 DomolIic I 1111an 5119 III I,id,i,l.ial Ma1im,4 31111 I. 25 litl,6litil . Maim.' 7.1.1 4.19 l,l,l,lsll, 3.2) IS .12 14111,l,iaI 1111non .5.7 1 h. I,41i,w.iai- NIigh,i 4 23 11.16 I'mus t(~~ ~~~~II 7 I,1011 3.4 0II, I,8est 1157 41111 h,gesl 1.5 1O1WI I',w,d 2 8 1111 R~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TIll 1(910 163 mlii16 12.107 111.76 7.5:F1,1 15.1 *I',iiaI .74 5.1 Phaws I 1111",, II6 2 li!. 7% I'I,IIIS I 11% II 2 201% 13% Oo,me,fii sty'..11" 25 71 I SI, I 7%. 11,3 D1,,1,,fic 1111% 8(' .147I2 11. IQ2% 53% 11 h j InIli, 18", 311 78 1,23 ?11", Ž2'% K11ioI14 IlIIli51111d'h!,,lm 7.13 4. 1" 9% 27%!' Maim, Ii11,I,geiic 3 2.9 IS .12 24%. 35% hlip1111ws,lu1,lIes 11111", 45 72 .1'R, 3IW'o 17",., Milw1111,11,4164.~Ije 111%12 0 41, tiL, 3, I PIsiveI Mim11)1im,lIvl, v.W!,, 291, 3%M. % 74O% 35% 7 PIi,oeI 111)4,11I 11leiio,,IIlllI(ll)' 1411'!,, .ll.% 36% 42%TN 24%24 35%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1%.35 3IIilIII(II) '1111', 11l~~~~~~ij,'i 3~~~~~~7",11! 72`6 111P14 Ž14% 35% 4I '1111%t,IiII,Ii I 111,11,11Iii,hgsIi5 1,1,~~~fi",.55". 77"1 1 13 24% 3 5%1 411..II,:A A1ITLNIINA 161MI ''1 SICHIUANURBA,N E\NVIRONiM E\T PROJECT E;DMRO"NiIENTAI. ASSESSNIENT ._ / *. ~~~1.Sdicuan Chuanhua-. GroupCo. Ltd. 5.ctOngduDI40an ,,6 15.Srhuan (Dfnd1eI m, . Paper-it - Xi 20 ChenduJiefers 13. ,vguaihn Mrbl_n 6 4 16.1SichLan N > ~~ Chengdu-, /)ape Paper M -- .lSrO N>X ,~ :Fdy-~ /lsrFo pgu F~3herd]~WCOs. 'Friie eilisrFatbre Facoy SolidWaste i SanitaryLandffill industry Chercal Industry Others 'fChengduEnviro Regioal HydrologyStation Water LevelStation Evrn etSau PrecipitationStation Environment onitoringSecton River N 0 30 60 Klometers E S Figure Fl Location of major industr-esand monitorng stations in Chengdu prefecture. 41I367.EAAPPENDIXA DECEMBER1998 SICHUANURBAN LNVIRONMNENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIENTAL ASSESSNIENT * N V /\ _, U -- , --- * , . , . . ~* . ~ E. 7s * GasU 2--Lsha_ * --. - F - x _- \ ~~~~~~~2. le --- __'U '\ )B* o-~ _~ ~ ~~~ , atf . Jiarmoe - - -Dadu / ^ . an iGasU --- _~ r- '' 20 oolen' 4 ; 9eerPlant- +.S; ~~P* ml[ : 1> .. ' - -- g "rN: Papell -Par Mill Others Pei J Ml 9 IncintaratioPlantLes hahR gina A~~~ SaitrLandfillty8 .1 iaci. ,,- ~= I * StaYonfeon>-drolog * A/~~ Enionin kbion Sec Paerr E-_ SolidWaste 4 * IncinetarationPlant LeshanRegional SanitaryLandfiSl Figumcaion ndustr Environ PaperMill mentStatus Others HydrologyStation * WaterLevel StationN * PrecipitationStation NEjnvironmentMonitoring Section w - 0 20 40 Kiiometers FigureF2 Location of manor industnies and monitoring stations in Leshanprefecture. 4 L367.EAAPPENDIX-t DrEMB I9~8 SiCI-HIAN URBANENVIRO'N lE!r PROJECT ENVIRONhENTAL ASSESSMENT *, A . . : U 7~~~~~~~~~~ -7 2 A., -1D0Manzhu,4. S ,aChria LeatherFactory 8.Mlanzhu- PhosphateSiant W,a -t 3.Mianzhu 9 . Dean g R o 7. G.-sha 4.CShircanlI iCndus FertiliserFacory 3 9.Deyang \ PestbodeFactoiy 4 N ' lhl 0 U~~ Fu Lcio n*. 5 \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .,unga _.367.EA.APPE,"O,XA DECEMBER 1998 ~~-SbansuiDnftAII U~~~~~~~~~~ .~~~~~~~~~~~~ *U 0~ ~-20 40 oees *, SolidWaste * Composting PlantDeagRgo l a Dumpsite ChemialindstrYEnvironmentStatus PaperMill Others HydrologyStation * WaterLevel Station u PrecipitationStation NEnvironment MonitoringSection \qF 0 20 40 Kilorneters Figure F3 Location of maEjorindustries and rnonitoringstations in Deyang prefecture. 41367.EAAPPENDIXA DzECIMBER199)8 SICIUu.\,N UKBr\N EN VI ROiNENT PROJECT ENVMRONMIETALASSESSMENT a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 15. Jiar_yang Sareinery 19.Jiawyang Pl>pe 13.Jianyang Paper Mill Fertiliserglant 3. *- ~ 18.Lezhi Phosphate FertiliserPlart -4- 11.Ziyang Sugar Refinery ZiyangBaolian Distillery 12.2yang Phosphate Fetiliser Piant 7 Engiri Pant * S .- 4f!- 4. SiCharLCQadhe-- -SugarRefinery -, 7 Ac- ' - 9.Sichuan Yinshanr 21.Weiyuan 8 SugarRefinerf y C ~~~Ca Mine 8. Yinshan-Phosphat*-. .' FertiliserPlant 1 NeijiangGaoqiao.-' . VeiyuanIrn - Parw Moll- Steel- Rar 23. Ne-jiangP IlN 24.\.Veiuan Neiiang Pape*Mll 7.5X- S.Neijang Sugar -zNjiangoc a - - Refinery ^.N -Refirery-._u_i 14.Longohang Nftrogerr FertiliserPlant 1. Neijiang Power 17. Nejiang Maoshi,.- - Station SugarRefineye. SolidWaste Durrmpsite0 Neijiang Regional PapemraIndustry . EnvironmentStatus Others HydrologyStation Water Level Station u PrecipitationStation EnvironmnentMonitoring Section RiverWE 0 20_MW~ 40 Klometers s Figure F4 Location of major industries and monitoring stations in Neijiang prefecture. 41367.EAAPPENDI.XA DECEMBER1998 SICHUANURBAN ENVIR NIE- PROJECT eNVRONMENTALASSESSMENT _~~~~~~~~~~~ _ - _~~~~ _ __ _ .. -r _ .Zgong ) -. 2~~~~~ )(UshU .Zlog aurl Gas01 nics Co.7.Zlgong Fushw 14. Zlgolng Refirery DengguanSalt Pt ZigongCh5az No2 Factory -~~~~ ~~~6 ' \.-~7 t~~~/ an gze . ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - \ SolidWaste s4 Dunpsite ZigongRegional IndusTicalIndustry EnvironmentStatus Paper Mill Others HydrologyStation Water Level Station - PrecipitationStation ^/Environment MonitonngSection River 0 20 40 Kilometers FigureF5 Location of rnajorindustries and monitoring stations in Zigong prefecture. 41367.EA.APPENDIXA DECErER 198 ENVIRONNMENTAL ASSESSMFNT SICI{UANURBAN ENVIRONNMENTPROJEC-T Volume 3 - Appendices APPENDIX B APPROACHES TO WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT B-1 WATER TREATMENT B-2 WASTEWATER TREATMEENT SICHtlAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJFECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volumec - AppendixB I APPENDLXB.1 THE APPROACH TO WATER TREATMENT Bl.1 Introduction The followinz four water treatment works are included in the SUEP: * Zigon- * Leshan * Luzhou Beijiao * Luzhou Daxikou The Zigong works will draw raw water from the Min River whilst the source for Leshan is the Qingyi River. a tributary of the Dadu. The source for both works in Luzhou is the Yangtze. These rivers have a commoncharacteristic in that they can carrv high suspended solids loads at times of high flow in the rainv season. Loads can range up to 30 000 mg/I for short periods. The performance of existing local works has been examined to see how they cope with these conditions. The general practice is to use two-stage sedimentationto handle the high loads. Water Company staff have indicated that the existing tube settlers emploved in the second stage can satisfactorily handle these loads but it is agreedto be prudent to install two-stage clarifiersfor such waters. Analy,ticalresults show significant levels of phenols to be present in the raw waters of the area. The intakes have been located to avoid such problems and therefore no specific arrangements for phenol removal are included in the works designs. It is believed that both here and in other areas of China the analytical methodsused tend to give high results at the verv low concentrationsof interest. All of the raw waters are found to be verv low or free of toxic metals and therefore no special treatment for such problemsare included. Traditional Rapid Gravitv Filters. emploving water onlv washing have been found to perform only moderatelv with turbiditv levels in the treated water falling wvithinthe Chinese standard but being well below western target levels (typicaliv O.5FTU). The Chinese recognise this failing and are keen to use modern filters. The general approach to the design of the water treatment works components is presented below. There are necessarily some departures fromthis approach in specific cases. The experience and views of the water companies have been taken into account both in the preparationof the standard approach and in the specific designs. B1.2 Coagulation Coagulationjar testing has been carried out by the consultants for each of the water sources to provide additional confirmation as to the optimum coagulation conditions and the settlement rates appropriate for the clarifiers. 41367.EA.APPENDIXBI Bl - I DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN UIRB1AN-FNVIRON\[EN r PRO)ECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Voluime3 - AppendixB I It is found that PAC, which is widely used as a primarv coagulant is satisfactorv for use on all of the waters. PAM produced locally is used as a coagulant aid. This chemical in most situations is only required during periods when SS concentrations are high but jar tests have shown it to assist in increasing floc settling rates at other times. Facilities are therefore included at all works for the dosinz of PAM. B1.3 Flocculation Hydraulic. -up-and-over" baffled flocculators are used exclusively throughout the area. All designs prepared incorporatesuch units since thev are mechanically simpler and therefore cheaper and more reliable than the mechanicalalternatives. B1.4 Sedimentation Four different types of clarifier have been considered for use: * Horizontalflow clarifiers * Tube-settlerclarifiers • Radial flow circular clarifiers * Up-flow floc blanket clarifiers Horizontal flow clarifiers are ty,picallvfive times lar2er than tube settler clarifiers and consequentlv considerably more expensive. Thev are also more difficult to desludge. Upon these bases the use of horizontal clarifiers has not been considered. Radial flow clarifiers are tvpicaliv tvo to three times larger than tube-settlers and are mechanicallv complex. The higshcosts and maintenancerequirements have led to a preference for tube settler units. The only serious competition lies between upflow floc blanket clarifiers and tube-settlers for the secondarv clarification dutv. The UFBCs are tvpicallv twice the size of the tube-settlers but can be constructed as simple rectangular tanks. Their main merit is that desludging is simple and reliable. One problem experienced in the west with tube settlers is the poor distribution of water across the tube bundles. This aspect has been studied by MM specialists at the existing works. Distribution across the bundles has been observed to be satisfactorv in all cases and it is believed that the better Chinese experience is related to the use of '5 mm as opposed to 50 mm tubes. The greater headloss with the smaller tubes will Lndoubtedlvimprove distribution. There is no experience in the operation of UFBCs in the area and for this reason all of the water companies prefer to use the tube-settler units which thev know well. Since these are tvpicallv a little cheaper the decision has been made to use such units throughout. B1.5 Rapid Gravitv Filters The Chinese have developed a wide range of filters with very inaenious features aimed at reducing capital and operating costs. All of these filters are washed by water alone. This not only leads to the 41367.£A.APPENDIX11I Bl -2 DECEMBER1998 SICHIIAN UrRBANENVIRONMv[ENT PRO.IECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT VolLileC3- Appendix B I use of excessive quantities of wash water but also is by no means as effective as air/water washing in the cleaning of filters. The result of the poorer cleaning is that filter breakthrough, particularly at the start of a filter run. is very common. These limitationsare now recognised throughout China and there is now a move to filters washed by air and water. Except for the Luzhou Beijiao works air/water washed filters have been adopted as a standard. In the case of this Luzhou Works the SUEP project component involves the duplication of an existing works. which employs the traditional filters. The components of the-existing works have already been constructed with duplication using identical process components anticipated. This, together with an extremely restricted and difficult site. has led to the decision to use the older tvpe of filters. The Water Companv recognises the shortcomings of the design and intends to use modern filters for later plants. Their experience of the existing works is satisfactory and they have no problem in meeting the drinking water standards and therefore they are prepared to accept the slightly poorer performance associated with the use of the older filter designs. In all other works separate air water washing is planned since this is not only the most effective media cleaning svstem but also the wash watet usage is low. Where raw water is expensive. for example in Zigong, wash water recovery works are incorporated. B1.6 Sludge Treatment and Disposal In aeneral sedimentation sludges are to be discharged directlv back to the river. With the high flows in the Yangtze and the Qingyi this will create no problems. In the case of Zigong the sludge is to be discharged to the Xushui River and in the drv season the flows are known to be low. The variability of the low flows is not well known however. In these circumstances it is planned to construct the wvorkswith sludge discharge to the Xushui with the intention of monitoring the effects on the river during the first drv season. If these effects are found to be unsatisfactorythe Water Companv has agreed to construct a sludge thickener and lagoons to allow the retention of sludge until the river flows are high and provide sufficient dilution to permit discharge. Bl.7 Disinfection Operatingtrecords at the wvorksin general indicate that present disinfection practice is effective both in maintaining a residual in water going to supply and in controlling coliforms and e-coli to meet the standards. In some cases. such as Zigong, chloramination is used and in others chlorination is used. These two approaches are not considered to be inconsistent. In Leshan the Qinzvi is relatively free of upstream industrial pollution whilst in Zigong both the present sources and the Min are likely to contain traces of THM precursors. Under these circumstances the choice of disinfection method is logical. In the design of the new works the experience in the cities has been taken into account and the relevant disinfection svstem selected. 41367.EA.APPENDIXIII 8l-3 DECEMBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN FNVIRONNMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENT.A,LASSESSIENT Volume 3- Appendix BI In the use of chlorine. standard 'good practice" has been followed in the storage and handling of the dangerous chemicals: * Chlorine drums are transported bv monorail crane with drums stored on secure ground level rackinz. * Chlorine drum stores are weli ventilated with mechanicalventilation. * Weighersare to be incorporatedin the drum store. * Vacuum chlorinatorsare to be imported from reputable suppliers and are to be located together with associated ejectors and controls in a separate bay equipped with gas leak detectors and alarms. * Chlorinators are to be automaticallv controlled to deliver a manually set dose independentof the flow through the works. * Chlorine residual monitors are to be used and. since these are not always reliable, thev will be backed up with manual sampling and laboratorvtesting on site. * The suppiy of normal safety clothing and equipment. including emergencv breathing -ear, will be includedwithin the contract. B1.8 Chemical Handlingand Dosing Ground level storage tanks are incorporated for the receipt of PAC. which is delivered in liquid form. From these tanks the chemical solution will be pumped to dav tanks and thence by metering pumps to the dosing points. It is planned to import metering pumps with automatic speed control to permit dosing proportionalto flow and with manual stroke setting for the control of the dose. PAMviwill be delivered in powder form in sacks. The small use rate for this chemical allows manual char2ini of bags to feed hoppers to be adopted. Purpose built soiution preparation units will be installed to allow effective solutionof this pooriv soluble material. Again variable speed. variabie stroke metering pumps will be used with the speed automatically controlled to be proportionalto flow and the dose set by stroke adjustment. Carrier water will be used to dilute the concentrated solution so as to ensure no serious breakdown of the polymer during transfer to the dosing point. 41367.EA.APPENllIXIII Bi -4 DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANURBAN. ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNMENT Volume 3 - Appendix B2 APPENDLXB2 THE APPROACH TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT B2.1 Introduction Under the SUEP wastewater treatment for four of the cities has been considered. The capacitiesof the works do not reflect the total flow of wastewater produced but rather what can be included as an affordable packagewithin this first stage of the SUEP. The works considered include the following: * Chengdu WwTW 300 000 m;/d ADWF * Zigong WwTW 120 000 m3/d ADWF * Leshan WwTW 100 000 m'/d ADWF * Deyang WwTW 120 000 m3/d ADWF In preparing process designs for these works an attempt has been made to standardise but also to reflect the preferences of the individual cities. In the sections below the background to the process selection is presented. B2.2 Sewage Flows The flows quoted above represent the nominal capacities of the works evaluated. In manv cases the supporting sewerage will have a larger design capacity to accommodatefuture flows. Nominal flows and spills are summarised beiow in Table B2.1 Table B2.1 Summarv of Sewer and TreatmentFlows Flows tn'/d | Chengdu Deyang Leshan Zigong I |Sewersjs l v r I ______,______i iSeparate i 180000 I 53400 7 0 000 35000 Combined 0 | 0 0 | 25 000 ! Industrial 120000 56 200 30 000 35 000 1 Stormwatcr 0 0 j °0 soooo 1 Dail%Averge Flo%% ,oo30 109-600 10()000 l 000 I Max Instant.Flov. 390000 139600 130 000 154000 I Overflow 0 j 9 600 0 10 000 I Treatment Average | 300000 10 000 | 100000 80 000 Peak 390000 130000 130000 144000 It can be seen that the flowvsfor Chengdu. Deyang and Leshan are based upon the sewerage system being completely separate. This is not quite the case for these cities: Chengdu is now completely separate for the area to be served: Deyang and Leshan are not fuliv separated but good progress has been made and it is judged to be more sensible to design for separated sewers. 41367.EA.APPENI)IX132 B2-1 DECEMBER1998 SICHIUANt!RiAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENViRONNIENTALASSESSNMENT Volume3 - AppendixB2 In Zigong the unusually high peak flow to the treatment works reflects the cities recognition that sewage may be weaker than expected. in which case the designed works will satisfactoriiv handle the higher flows. B2.3 Treated Effluent Qualitv Criteria The relevant Chinese standard covering discharges to rivers is reproduced in Table B2.2 Table B2.2 Treated Effluent Discharge Standards ParametersParameters | GB ~~~~~~(N'ew8978-1996.Works) Class A StandardAdopted Part I Parameters Total Hg 0.05 Cd 0.1 0.1 Cr | 1 1.5 Cr 0.5 0.S As 0.5 0.; Pb 1.0 1.0 j .'i 1.0 1.0 PAH 0.00003 0.00003 Part 2 Parameters PH 6-Q 6-Q Colour O +0 TSS 88.0% 70 30 BOD 93.6% 30 20 COD 90.9% 60 I -- NH,-N 35.3% 15 | 10 Oils (mineral) 10 ! 10 Oils. (ve2etablel 20 20 Phenols 0.5 Cyanide j . I 0.i Sulphide !.0 1U0 Fluoride I10 I01 Formaidehvde Li0 1.0 .Xniienen 10 1.0 Nitro-benzene 2.0 2.0 Linear .lkyl Sulphonates ;. 5.0 Copper 0 S15 j Zinc '2.0 2.0 , ______I __ langanese 2.0 2.0 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-2 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN IRBA,-I ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixB2 A number of aspects require comment: Ammonia Ammonia is toxic to fish and creates an oxygen demand equal to 4.3 times the ammonia nitrogen content. The plants are designed to achieve an effluent quality of 10 mgJI ammonia for 90% of the time. The average effluent concentration is expected to be about 3 mg/l. In operating the plants sufficient air must be supplied to the aeration tanks to maintain a DO of 2 mg/l otherwise oxidation of ammonia will not be achieved. With correct operation the works as designed will meet ammonia standards and the specified percentage removal rates. Suspended Solids The standard calls for a suspended solids level of 20 mg/l in the treated effluent. Such a performance cannot be achieved by use of any secondary treatment works since the carry-over of solids from the final tanks will normally exceed this value. In order to achieve such a performance it would be necessary to construct a tertiarv treatment works to follow the secondarv works. For large schemes such as Chenzdu, rapid gravitv filters would be used at a filtration rate of 8 in/h. The merits of installing such tertiary filters have been examined in Section B2.4.1 below and thev have been found to have a low benefit/cost ratio. The conclusion is that one would do better to spend monev on sewerage and secondary treatment than on tertiarv treatment. For this reason no tertiarv works are included in the project and a treated effluent SS of 30 mg/I has been adopted for design purposes. This approach is the same as that adopted for the existing works and the works under construction at Sanwayao. COD The COD determined from analvsis of the wastewater in the sewers to the Chengdu works is very high. at 658 mg/I. All processes used for the treatment of municipal wastewater rely upon the biological degradation of organic matter. The COD associated with the biologically degradable organic matter will be removed but the processes will not remove the COD associated with biologically non-degradable organics. For example dying wastes contain hiah levels of COD which is not biologically de-radable. If the wastewater delivered to any of the works includes high concentrationsof such materials the removal rates and the COD concentrations in the treated eftluentwill not meet the standards quoted in Table B2.2 above. When such conditions are experienced. it will be necessarv to identifv the factories discharging wastewater with a hi-h COD/BOD ratio and require that thev should treat their discharges to achieve the COD standards quoted above. It is never economic to install expensive processes such as activated carbon adsorption for the whole of the waste water in order to remove COD. It is alwavs cheaper to handle COD problems within the factories. 41367.EA.APPENI)1X112 B2-3 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNiENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - AppendixB2 For this reason no attempt has been made to design the works to meet the COD requirements shown in Table B2.2. Nitrogen as a nutrient Ammonia. nitrite and nitrate provide a source of inorganic nitrogen in waters and these chemicals serve as kev sources of nutrient for alzae growth. In the study of the impact of polluting discharges upon the fisheries of Han2zhou Bay it was identified that the toxic "Red Tides' observed in Han-zhou Bay and the East China Sea were favoured in a particular range of silica/nitrogen ratios. It was further found that problems could become severe if nitrogen discharges increased by more than about 50%. The Yangtze River was found to be by far the largest source of nitrogen dischargedto the fishery areas. It is sensible within this project to take into account the recommendation of the Hanzzhou Bay Study that: Nitrogen discharges to the Yangtze should be controlled so as not to exceed year 2000 levels. Most modern treatment works include facilities for oxidation of ammonia to nitrate and in such works partial denitrification. is reliably and cheaply achieved. It is proposed therefore to design works to meet a standard of 10 mIl ammonia N on all occasions. This means that for most of the time the ammonia N concentration will be below 5 mg/l. With the ammonia N and Total N contents of raw wastewater typically 25 and 40 mg/I it will be possible for most of the time to reduce the total nitrogen content bv about iO maj'l. While no special measures are to be incorporated for removal of nitrogen. the processes selected are expected to achieve about 25% removal of total nitrogen. This complies with recommendationsof the Hangzhou Bay Study aimed at protection of the marine environment. Phosphorous as a nutrient Phosphorus removal is only required if the receiving water is to enter a lake where conditions favour the growth of aigae. In this case the oniv lake will be that formed by the Three Gorges Project. It is understood that the retention time of water in the reservoir will be short and therefore the risk of algae formation is low. In Table B2.3 the sources of the nutrients. nitrogen and phosphorus. within the Yanatze basin upstream of the reservoir is shown. These data are taken from the COWI Working Paper No.3. April 1997. Added to the table are the contributions from the SUEP Projectcities. It can be seen that these cities contribute only 10 % of the nitrogtengenerated in the basin and 2 % of the phosphorus. With a conventional secondary wastewater treatment works one expects to remove about 30 % of the inoreanic nitrogen. 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-4 DECEMBER 1998 0ICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volumc3 - AppendixB2 It is concluded therefore that there is no point in constructing works to remove phosphorus and the normal removal of inorganic nitrogen will eventuallv reduce the nitrogen load contributed by the cities from 10 % to- about7%. In Figure B2.1 estimates of the sources of pollution in the Yangtze. prepared by MM for the Hangzhou Bay Studv and COWI. are presented. The MM studv covered the entire Yangtze basin whilst that of COWI covered the basin upstream of Chongqing. Whilst such evaluations cannot be precise the two independent studies reach similar conclusions: * The main source of pollution by nutrients arises from rural activities - particularly the use of fertilisers and the generation from livestock. * Both sets of data indicate that if there is a need to control nutrient discharges then one must control the agricultural sources. In the light of these findings. which corroborate the world Bank views as expressed in Section 3, Annex 3 of the Aide-Memoire covering the Mission visit on May 6 to 8. designs have been prepared without facilities for phosphorusremoval but oxidation of ammonia has been included. The standard followed in preparingdesigns is that shown in Table B2.2 above. B2.4 Treatment Process Selection Whilst the Chinese standards imply that secondary biological treatment of wastewater should be used there is. in principle. the alternative of using primary treatment alone or indeed secondary treatment followed bv tertiary treatment. Clearly for a given sum of monev one could choose to treat a high flow of wastewater by primarv treatment or a lower flow by secondary treatment and a lower flow still if tertiary treatment is included. In Section B2.4. 1 below the economic merits of these alternative degrees of treatment are examined. B2.4.1 The Degree of Treatment As seen above a plant capacitv of I 00 000 m'/d DWF is a sensible basis to use in the comparison of alternatives. Three process options have been considered as described below: SecondarvTreatment An extended aeration process has been adopted. without use of primary clarifiers or anaerobic sludge digestion but with a lona retention time in the aeration tanks so that the sludge can be well stabilised prior to dewatering and disposal to landfill. 41367.EA.APPENDIX132 B2-5 DECEMBER1998 SICHUL'.N !RB3ANENVIRONiM[ENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNMENT Voltnic 3- AppendixB' The raw sewage quality is taken as: BOD = 00 mg/l; Ammonia = 25 mg/l The treated effluent qualitv is taken as; BOD 20 mg/I; Ammonia = 5 mg/l The "benefit" of the process can be measured in terms of the reduction in "Oxvyen Demand" discharged where: OD = BOD + 4.3*(NH4-N) The reduction in OD can therefore be estimated as: 180 mgil + 4.3*20 me/l = 266 mg/l When related to a works capacity of 100 000 m3/d the OD removed becomes 26.6 t/d. In Table B2.4. the design parametersfor the process are shown together with the estimates of capital and operating costs. These are as follows: Capital Costs 161.81 M- OperatingCosts 6.79 MYpa Primarv Treatment The primarv treatment works will have identical pre-treatment to that used for secondarv treatment. including: coarse screening, inlet lift pumping. fine screening and arit removal. Primarv clarification tanks are included with the sludge removed. dewatered and discharged to landfill. The raw sewage quality is again taken as: BOD = 200 mg/l. Ammonia = 25 mg/I. The treated effluent qualitv will be: BOD = 128 mg/l. Ammonia = 25 mg/I. In this case the removal of OD is 72 mg/l or 7.2 t/d. In Table B2.5 the main process design parameters are shown together with the estimates of capital and operating costs. These costs can be seen to be as followvs: Capital Cost 69.95 M* Operatina Cost 4.70 M- pa 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-6 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN U!RBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixB? Tertiary Treatment Tertiary treatment can be provided by rapid gravity filtration of secondary effluent. The outline.design and costings have therefore been prepared upon the basis of the marginal additional cost and benefit of using tertiary treatment by rapid gravity filtration at 8 m/h. The Secondarv Sewage Qualitv is taken as: BOD = 20 mgIl. Ammonia= 5 mg/l SS = 30 mg/I The treated effluent qualitv will be: BOD = 10 mg/I, Ammonia = 5 mg/I. SS= 10mg/I. The reduction in OD can therefore be estimated as: (20 - IO) msz/1 = IO mg-/I This is equivalent to a reduction in OD of 1.0 t/d. In Table B2.6 the main process design parameters for the tertiarv filters alone are shown together with the estimates of capital and operating costs Capital Costs 26.01 -M Operating Costs 0.48 MYpa Sewerage In both of the cases above. seweraLe has to be constructed for the treatment to be possible and effective. The capital and operating costs of sewerage are estimated for a tvpical case as follows: Capital Cost 76.77 MW Operating Cost 0.73 MYpa Cost Comparisons The total costs for the three alternative degrees of treatment. including the present value costs. calculated over a period of 30 vears with a discount rate of 10 % pa. are presented below in Table B2.7 41367.EA.APPENDIX112 B2-7 DECEMBER1998 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJFCT ENVIRONNIFNTALASSESSMENT Volume' - Appendix132 Table B2.7 EconomicComparison of Primary and SecondaryTreatment Primarv VwT + | SecondaryWwT + Tertiarv WwT !______Sewerage Sewerage MarginaI Costs CapitalCost (MY) | 146.72 238.58 2'.01 OperatineCost (M31pa) 5.43 7.52 0.48 PresentValue (MY) 190 310 28.66 Benefit- t/d OD removed .7.2 26.66 1.0 Benefit/Cost 0.038 0.086 0.035 It can be seen from the Benefit I Cost ratio presented in the table that secondarv treatment has a clear economic benefit over the option of using primary treatment alone and also over the option of adding a tertiary treatment stage, to follow secondarv treatment. This greater benefit has led to the selection of secondarv treatment of wastewater for all cases in the SUEP with the exception of Leshan where there are special reasons why the construction of full secondary treatment works has been delaved to the second stage of the SUEP. B2.4.2 The Secondarv treatmentProcesses There are a number of treatment processes which can be used to achieve the treated effluent standards. In preparing this "Approach to Treatment' the following are the main factors which have been considered: X The experience and wishes of the user - USER * Efficiency in power consumption - POWER * Reliabilityand ease of maintenance - EASE * Sludge disposalaspects - SLUDGE * The EnvironmentalImpact of the works - EIA * The Costs of the works - COST Three basic processes have been adopted following full discussions betwreenthe users. their consultants and the DRA consultants: * Conventional Activated Sludge: with Fine Bubble Diffused Aeration (FBDA), and sludge digestion and dewatering prior to disposal for agricultural use and/or to landfill with the recovery of power bv use of digester gas as a fuel in diesel engines. * Extended Aeration: using FBDA. without primary settlement or anaerobic sludge digestion but with sludge dewatering prior to disposal to landfill. * Extended Aeration: using brush aerators in a "race-track' tank, without primarv treatment or anaerobic sludge digestion but with sludge dewatering prior to disposal to landfill. 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-8 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixB2 Outline designs have been prepared for each of the three above processes at a capacity of 100 000 m;/d and a standard set of conditions. Designs have been prepared using the MM process spreadsheet. This will not give precisely the same design criteria as derived for "Preliminarv Designs" since it provides basic minimum requirements for the works without employing throughout sensible safety margins. The designs produced do how provide a good basis for comparisonand cost estimates. The outline designs prepared have been used as the basis for estimating both capital and operating costs. Cost estimates for the three options are presented in Tables B2.8 to B2.10. The results from these tables are summarisedbelow in Table B2.I 1. Table B2.11 Economic Comparisonof Treatment ProcessOptions ConventionalA.S. with ExtendedAeration A.S. ExtendedAeration using anaerobicdigestion + power withoutprimarv tanks or OxidationDitch without recovery digestion. primary tanks or digestion CapitalCosts (MV) 224.3 1.64 205.7 AnnualCosts (Mk pa) 6.22 8.44 11.0 PresentValues (,I) P. V. at 10%pa 267 237 302 P.V. at j °'. pa 310 292 j733 P. V. at 15%pa 242 207 263 I ______. I I _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ I _ _ .______It can be seen that the Extended Aeration activated sludge system is slightly cheaper than the conventional activated sludge system with power recovery and considerably cheaper than the Oxidation ditch with brush aerators. However the project cost is not the only factor to be taken into account in the selection. Table B2.12 WastewaterTreatment Processes Selected OxidationDitch - Brush C itv( \ Conventional A.S. Extended A.S. - FBDA - _erators - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Aerators Power EIA Chenedu Sludge User Cost Ease Devanii ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~User I)Dcyane -Cs Cost IIilXono Cost Zigong Poser The EAS with FBDA has the advantage that the more complex anaerobic sludge digestion facilities are avoided but high power efficiency is maintained by using FBDA. 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-9 DECEMBER199X SlCFIUANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT VolurMe3 - AppendixB2 Deyang prefer to accept a less efficient aeration system in order to simplifyvoperation and maintenance. Discussions have been held between MM and one of the major western contractors experienced in this process - Kruger (OTV). They have agreed that. in viewvof the industrial wastewater content of the sewage, it would be prudent and satisfactorv to install an anoxic zone at the inlet to the oxidation ditch as a means of reducing the potential for the productionof bulking slud-e In Chengdu there is experience of operatina anaerobic digesters. Problems have been experienced at Sanwavao due to inadequate mixing. Chengdu wish to continue with anaerobic digestion and. with the opportunitvto purchase well proven M & E equipment from the west (with strong performance guarantees), thev are confidant that the benefits of the process will be realised. The key benefits of the system are that power is generated from waste and the sludge will be suitable for use on agricultural land. The SUEP PhaseI scheme does not include power generation. Followinga periodof operation of the Phase I works, when the gas production rates are confirmed and the calorific value of the gas is established. the Chengdu WW Companv plan to install gas engines coupled to power generation plant. This approachhas been evaluated and presented in the Chengdu feasibility report. It is shown that the power that can be generated will be about 2200 kW. The decision to use conventional activated sludge secondarv treatment. sludge digestion and power recoverv is supportedbv four factors: * Chengdu will be able to safely emplov sludge for agricultural use. - After a period of operation to establish the gas production rate that can be consistentlv achieved. Chengdu plan to install CHP plant in order to further increase the energy efficiencv of the works. A major poNversaving estimated to be 2200 kW will be achieved. - Havingachieved successful operation of the new works Chengdu will be in a position to emplov the works as a training centre for anaerobic digestion so that others in the Provinceand elsewhere in China will be able to realise the benefits of the process. * This process is probablv the one with greatest environmental benefit: it will be reliable and efficient as a means of effluent treatment: it will create negligible odour problems: it will producea sludge that is safe to use on agricultural land. The reasons for the individual cities to prefer the different options are considered valid. After all if there was a clear favourite the above range of processes would not have been used elsewhere. Whilst treatment for some of the cities mav be delaved to Stage 2 of SUEP it is believed that the above treatment selections are technicaliv satisfactorv and reflect the sensible views of the operators. 41367.EA.,XPPENDIXB2 B2-iO DECEMBER 1999 SICHUAN L:RI3ANPNVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL.\SSESSMiENT Volumc3 - AppendixB2 B2.4.3 Process Flowsheets and Calculations For each of the cities the SWMEDRIC have produced the designs for the WwTWs. These have been checked by MM using their normal design spreadsheets. For each of the Appraisal reports a simplified flowsheet has been produced and the MM spreadsheet has been included in Appendices. In checking designs precise agreement is never achieved. but the main process design parameters have been confirmed in all cases bv MM and these have then formed the basis of the detaiied designs. B2.5 Operation During Power Failures During power failures and without standby power generation facilities, the qualitv of wastewater entering the rivers will deteriorate. In all cases the raw wastewater will not be able to enter the treatment works since the inlet lift pump station will not be able to deliver flows to the works. The provision of standbv power generating facilities has been considered but the high cost of large generators has led to the decision to omit such facilities. An adverse environmental impact will be experienced during power failures in that some flow of untreated wastewater will enter the river. At times of drv weather flow. storage will exist in the sewage mains and this will serve to limit discharges to the river. During wet weatherconditions the sewage is weak and river flows are normallv high. Both of these factors serve to reduce the impact of discharges during power failure. It is not normal practice to install standbv power supply facilities for either sewage pump stations or treatment works in the west. This practice has been followed on the SUEP project and it is recognised that some deterioration in river water qualitv will occur during periods of power failure. B2.6 Odour Control Pooriv designed or poorly operated wastewater treatment works can create serious odours and if there are people living nearbyjustifiable complaints arise. Odours occur to a minor extent on all sewage works but serious odour problems normally arise for the following reasons: * Where raw Xwastewater is exposedfor extended periods and/or hotconditions. * Where primarv tanks are desludged too infrequently. * Where areation systems fail or where aeration tanks are supplied with too little air. • Where raw sludge is left exposedto the atmosphere. The works proposed have been designed so as to avoid serious odour problems if thev are operated properlv. The following features have been incorporated to minimise odour problems: * Frequent automatic desludging of primarv tanks can be carried out at Chengdu. At other cities primary treatment is omitted and raw sewage is delivered directlv to aerated tanks. * The holding of primary sludge has been kept to a minimum and the use of belt presses allows prompt dewatering. 41367.EA.APPENDIX112 B2-1I DECEMBER1998 SICHUIANI 'RRANENVIRON.IENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL.ASSESSNIENT Volume3 - AppendixB2 * Sludge is digested at Chengdu and exposed to aerobic stabilisation at the other cities prior to dewatering and stackinc for disposal. Cleariy it is important to remove sludge from the works as quickly as possible and the appropriate transport is provided in the project to allow this to be done. * Adequate aeration facilities are provided to ensure that aeration tanks are alwavs adequately aerated. * Works have been sited. as far as possible, remote from populationcentres. The practice where works have to be built close to population centres is to enclose and mechanically ventilate areas where odours are most likely to arise. The ventilated gases are treated for odour removal. There are a range of odour treatment methods which can be used. All are verv expensive and conditions on the sites selected for the SUEPO works are such that the incorporationof these methodshas beenjudged to be unnecessaryproviding the works are operated correctly. It would be sensible to plant greenerv around the sites and this is incorporatedwithin the designs. It is understood that problems have been experienced at Sanwavao WwTW at Chengdu. It is suspected that difficulties experiencedwith digestor mixing and consequent operation of digesters at low temperatures has led to the production of incompletelv digested sludge. The storage of such sludge before disposal would be expected to create problems. It is important that such problems are avoided on the new works. B2.7 Septic Tank Sludges and Nightsoil Traditionally in China. nightsoil has been kept separate from other household water-bome wastes (greywater) and has been removed from the home bv bucket and applied to farming land. Grey water hiasbeen discharged through septic tanks to the nearest watercourseby open or closed channels. As the present enormous cities have been developed this practice has become increasingly unacceptable: it has become more and more difficult to transfer the nightsoil to the farms and there has been an increasingzreluctance by farmers to emplov this form of fertiliser when chemical fertilisers became available. Since the present practice is not well understood five cities were asked to provide informationon their disposal practice. Three replies were received: from Leshan. Luzhou and Zigyong.The replies are presented in Table B2.13. The response from Luzhou and Zigong are useful. Despite a fairly wide coverage of sewer connections a high percentage of the population are served by septic tanks. Septic tanks only appear to be emptied every two to three vears or even less frequently. From the responses in Table B2.8 it appears that most of the tanks at any one time are full and therefore much of the water-borne solids already discharge to the sewers to which the tanks are connected. In Zigong it appears that septic tank sludgelargely goesto agricultural land whilst in Leshan it goes to landfill. 41367.EA.APPENDIX112 B2-12 DECEMNBER1998 SICHUAN t!RBAN ENVIRONNIFNTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTAI.ASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixB2 It appears that separate night soil disposal is still occurring to a significant degree with buckets emptied in the public toilets. These public toilets are usually equipped with septic tanks and again sludge is normally discharged to landfill or to agriculture. When considering the future situation it is unlikely to be long before all of the population are using flush toilets in wvhichcase both "grev" and "black" waste will go to existing septic tanks and then to the sewer. It can be seen that already emptying of tanks is not effective and one must therefore anticipate. and plan. for the discharge of the whole sewage to the sewer. Table B2.13 The Practice in Disposal of Nightsoil and Septic Tank Sludges Question ~~~~~~~~~~Response Leshan | Luzhou Zigong % of populationin city centreconnected to a sewer 90 | 1 98 % of populationin municipalare connectedto a sewer 60 14 38 % of populationusing septic tanks 98 9| 70 Numberof septictanks in city centre 1 3000 1779 1900 Numberof Septictanks emptied per year few 546 950 Number& volumeof septictank emptying trucks I x 8 tonne 3 x 8 tonne I I x 8 tonne Disposalofseptic tanksludge Landfill 1 Agriculture Householdsusing nightsoil buckets j few 12S50 30 % Who collectsnightsoil few Self- to public Self-topublic toilets toilets Disposalof nightsoil ffew agriculture Agriculture With the domestic water consumption rising gradually to 200 I/c/d and tvpical per capita production rates for BOD, SS and ammonia 50. 60 and 8 =/c/d respectivelvthe likelv future strength of domestic sewaizewill approximately be: * BOD 250 me/l * Ammonia 40 mgl * SS 300 me/I With infiltrationand in house leakage these concentrations of pollutants in domestic wastewater will be reduced bv approximateil 20 %. A sensible design basis appears therefore to be as follows: * BOD 200 m(izl * Ammonia 32mail * SS 40 mR/ 41367.EA.APPENDIXB2 B2-13 DECEMIBER1998 SICHiUANLURBAN ENVIRONMFN T PRO.IFCT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNiENT Table B2.3 Sources of Pollution in Yangtze Basin above Chongqing Pollutant Loads kg/day Type No. Source BOD Tot N NH3-N Tot P Point I Urban Domestic 613.370 143.651 131.639 16.273 Diffuse 2 Rural Towns 578.737 132.938 122.624 14.898 Diffuse 3 Rural 609.592 182.878 12.192 12.192 Diffuse 4 Agriculture 453.943 345.528 23.730 67.801 Point 5 Heavy Industry 260.225 99,663 71.972 28.816 Diffuse 6 Other Industry 276.767 56.285 30.483 24,025 Total 2,792,634 960,942 392.639 164.006 Domestic SUEP Project 38,711 3,067 Cities 10% 2% Yangtze Pollutant Load related to Yangtze Flow mg/l Flow m3/s ROD Tot N NH3-N Tot P 5,000 6.5 2.22 0.91 0.380 10.000 3.2 1.11 0.45 0.190 15.000 2.2 0.74 0.30 0.127 20,000 1.6 0.56 0.23 0.095 25.000 1.3 0.44 0.18 0.076 41367.EA.TABLEB2.3 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Table 1B2.4Summary of CAPEX and OPEX costs for SecondaryWWT, 100 000 m3Id TR61 BasedFinanCial Cost Estimate calsopprolis Fniasatnl Castladwm Lab",n 7t,opro.s wok. C.apariy STNV'16so000.m':dz Consacl'con isrooa!Iwo 13.00 Op.uiotngicftINr) 30 A-ioada.&ulls- .1,ad) 100.000 hasocoa,,MaoiASoulli Cwnac oniVUSS) 8.00 A,,-~talo r con Mloas.snl 8.000 Pcakdcsigntloo4,,'td 130.000 lAwgd'sgsci oaw ~id mn.c-in Ci,i locol con abriono, 0 40 Po.." EsianagTreat,nont Works Capacow STW~lit,ltOinild ', ~ Mm&E localcoin cafibm-o 0 42 Eicnct.crIYVAwhI__ 040 Nam fstc isss- 'scsi lAokIs Lshco~~dASiiicicoolid.~os~i~non1mssnr 17F .1.1 inflsio laphces Land Acq.isitl*n RPottInrp,, slickj dusso .AM-Ei.itivnimoslir, d sa-i,"i 1.3~2TR6I inl1aciond6, Q-N7 IcistI) 3.03Land costsl1ow vibO) 2.250 IF-r. POci.t \l&E 16-y. cs -nula.ibi,-d 1.52 TR6I .ntlozio iodis.QYc7 1\l&E) 3.61 Totalsiw -s lha, 300 ,Siasoc .owi ~~PPostls Lonana in -. Tin 'i Piclinsoor, Inlet ittwpsn 1.505 8.0 1;7 3 3.490 990 61% a80 1.360 2.240 3.230 Truon.=nt Scotonp Qnas. thuiT.,lLlliiii Nrs.,, FwcSc,c.-s.Grfic Rvo.al 130.000 1.27 4 1.520 89%" 490 4.120 4.610 6.130 a Distnbsifi. Chlmcscr %I*iuI, JR~An-s N Pni.- CiM.cLv I on,is 0 0.0 0 0 0 Os' 0 0 0 0 Tntsoac-t Sitl-nino Tiok, O' n~ MY- l fnD.%- is N S-,adr, RcQA.woAisc=o 57.574 .oias 953 I 19.607 20.780 61%1 11.930 18.480 30.410 51.190 Tnso,ncnt TmtksaLRnm PS vuttis's min isn.Iii'hii If, 101 Cnsslon3 =in 1,615 3.8 383 4 7.560 29% 3.310 1.330 4.640 12.200 S,asoclt Tnks A)RI)A,.is tiP-m DiNLks Ni Shidoc Primw,Slodc .Pickss 0 40 0 1.039 0 0% 0 0 00 Triniso P. 5.c Tidson Tanks ARLN s-ii Di;in,- IN,) m- Si.concooShldnc 0 0 0 0%4 0 0 0 1) BaItThick.-ns m iiOs "A,uih.l Ni ShlaSpo8kn.d,n 0 anninln. 0 0 0% 0 0 0 0 A loibi. Di~s.siin,PS 0 0 0 0%/ 0 0 0 0 Gas Vol. , llP-pm DLAlN.~~,s H"ldisaE Bilr, 1 Posl-Digcin- 0 0 0 0%. 0 0 0 I) Slimoi Swiosis,Tkos Vill. ii, 1*14-4,-in )ii N'. SlSOI.dg-s,si..t 681 mI .uiinini. 1.540 418% 340 310 650 2.190 4"-sd T-o.)ilmiis.iii N, SisSnaD.-sicnomc 0.07 17.67 ,inc. 89% 1.210 10.190 11.400 11.400 ScIt P-asa 50-.)s ~ hi IL-ill 141 Ni. SlinkdTw=.mnssn 400 isisi 930 mnc. inc. inc. Inc. 930 ioS,ssu' Sii.45 , C,,L. 256 hs.460 .sIc. Inc. Inc. inc. 460 Ekiildinim ARLxsn.A 50 .;- . Sub-TotW.of Pns~ssU.il Coil 33.780 66%. 18.160 35;.790 53.950- 87.7350 ous90cPh,cln icq-iicMni ii. ofiPoncrconsnPoon 6.059 Pips,ion.~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~i-14-li-soiPinss L.itCi,iI Cosus 5.400 5.400 Sit-iorls 14lm,. ftProcass LttiC,isIColts 4.730 4.730 Aadshsa..mUicho,oos ii1. cfPinas,iL,,,tCiiilCris 1.350 . Ad-iisirm.ltonB.aidis .....si Pof'cas LouC4isi COons 5.070 5.070 Conoolask lnsiosami ,nottti.. 21 WPMncsf" Uni XlLECosu. 3.630 .160 10.790 10.7190 snt.tosa -ia,laiosot 16.550. 3.630 7.160 10.~790 27-.340 ITOT.AL COSTS ______030 f66s 21.790 42.950 64 74(0 115070 Capitl Co.- A .... Ipnsn Coils POR- and CMwpp.mbl.s T-ia (.,.I .misNl&E C.,,i ii5 4.010 \Iainlssc, UiIcoi"l'otPa, liii.. 414"Mi'ii 250( Po- i,aslh-d) 310296 LaodA~i5,il.....in LAI I 6 51) \lmnaac,itEcom psi :51. lmOi 1.620 PonsricostllidSk2.1 18 D-pau & NmlasacniaoCoss IZ iO i 14.620 ElkaitsaoChIaso 110014-i 4.423 Pol-soii,on.oupoo.. da- (1107 f ors-'iclioniior,nlsion(ot iiS 1 .650 Laboich..ia ms40I 160 Ch-msai so lSid) 141 Phi,-w Coloncos ll l'- S 14 010 SIndg,T-Posnicaii, limp,5 281 Shide.Transpaot-. P."c Coo-iii.-asIls 7.710 ChisoicalChsa,s 510554-S 52 Coka0uIoI.ii d) 7 koCll C2P11WlcoslnIlscid- L-A-i 1151 161.810 unialOprw.g cnoCj Oat'S) 6.786 Niotmipoka, I- 111,1Ti,Oi-. Coil S ES1620 L.ii Twol-issolC 1-I I86 Sludiscs,-lOonfsllisla 'il '70 \-rib' I AllssiiOaoiili,.o. 41367.EA.TABLEB2.4 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBA\ ENV IRONMIFNT P'ROJECT ENVkION\MENTAL ASSESSMENT Table B2.5 Summary of CAPEX and OPEX costs for Primary WWT, 100 000 m3/d TR61 BasedFinancial Cost Estimate C.-,nen. Vt.i Cent indsm Lbine, TmysmhnteWorks Capaeiiv S1TW'.160.000 msdw CMenws con, sin-on,:1) 13.00 Operting ssff JNt 30 Aserge design flw %mrid) 100.000 hwneCc.we,mrndti AS vith C.^o rmco-ersionlVViLSS) 8.00 A ratou cosT 'mant l ) 8.000 PeoL design tlo Irmndl 1;0.000 siudg. dingestonimd dewiurrt Ci,id local con cabibraon 0.40 Pwrer Existiin Tmimn.s Wo,rirsCapipr' STW.iA60.t00 m.d hna- XWE lososl M lSTi,b,isno 0.42 Elecmci,, IUWhl 0.40 Nown dhissite. N- Wko,ks EetondcdAS .- th de tuertny iI0•t /k-`vq "n.dfpi'r it7 1.15 Inflaton Indics Land Acquisition & Res.ttkeioto but nr sludge rdigftcrar ht A-iie ri. /Mpikr.," J 4er 1t.;3' TP161inlitnon iden Q3Y9' (civil 3.0; Land cosms(00 iht3.h250 Fo n Pi M&EM.sruics tuxaign omijplicr.combined 1.52 TR61 inlao.on indr 03l I I& 3.61 Totai satetima l 3.DO :.Cit I NAREeonsoux,- c-s sn,, TosIl A' lcog ss,u P,po.nm4 Co.ur,,u,on cor TostI cmii Process Oi-mn,sons p- csCF..n-ton .nre t MIE jAdMIE tkwbVdI tinE. VI cqp 'w,NOVI t coSiii uNttS Prelimmar, InietPumping 1.5;05 S.0 157 ; ;.490 990 Wo@ S80 1.360 2.240 ;.2;10 Tnamicsn Stotn Lto nwokWhimatktEh *,rd.n I Fin Scrons.G,rrte os-i i30.000 .27 4 1.520 sse 490 4.120 4.610 0.1;0 &i Dwribution Chamber %IDFI.WMdl AREAin N, Phm-r,N Ci¢r l.ljamI 934 3.0 29.4 4 264 4.460 29wi 2.890 1.160 4.050 8.510 Trearment SentementTarks PLEAi.EAM DEPt, DMAlA, N _ Seondarv Recaut, A.nutto,, 0 AoOs: 0 0 0 0 0% 0 0 0 0 Treatment Tmiks & Return PS VOL, . oolei Pmn.koW sr 101 Ccobll3enir, 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0%4 0 0 0 0 SentlemorntTnksTi&EA s1 DEPINs DMA,.- N, Sludge PnrTmir Sludge- Picket 149 4.0 7.9 4 1.474 700 71M 790 1.900 2.690 3.390 Tmrrimint Fence Thick-ng Tooks VREA-lAe DEPI., DIAt, VI Seconouw Sludg e 0 0 0 0% 0 0 0 J Bolt Thi,koncrs AREA,,itb %VI,,- m/iA N. Sludge dlending Sbemtrbl. -wea. 0 0 0% 0 0 0 0 Tank VOLimT) cUChtimk-. .Aoemobic Di.esm. PS 0 0 0 0%e 0 0 0 0 Ga Holder & Bodl VOL.r n DEP-iot DIAt.- Nl Pon-Digesoon 0 0 0° 0%I 0 0 0 0 SludgeStOra. T"nIs VOL-usc DEPIn., DlAitt N_ Sludge Desctnng;7S 378 so,ei. inm. 4 1.140 48°e 340 310 650 1.790 FeedT- VOLN ,I =ChsI.. _o I SludgeDe'.o -n, mrc. 3.06 15.68 inc. 89 .1 0190) 11.400' 11.400 Belt Presses A_EA -e-, P.]s udt ildd_i v_r Sloisde Trexrnom, 400 T-eotntn 930 inc. inc. inC. inc. 93'0 Bttiditnt AREAto:' Onidin, Siuode CakeSr,re 230 420 inc. tnc. inc. inc. 420 Butline 50 - . S.o-fTota of ProcessUnit Cost* 10.160 749 6.600 19.040 _5.640 ',.o800 Mlisccilwi,s v-o-errenosteme,,s :r. of Po,orconssutnotn | 4.645 Ppeork 16 ofo. ProcessUnit Civil Costs 1.630 1.6;0 S,ie-orks I 4 0' ProcessUnit Civil Costs 1420 1 420 Additional Oseetheads i (r. of ProcessUnitCivil Cosrs 410 410 Administration Buildings 1 0% ot PrnocessUnit CiM] Costs 1.520 i 520 Coerrol aod lnstns^urntaxon :6 D of ProcessUnit %I&E Costs 1 .320 3.810 .130 .130 Sub.rotlaenscloetos costs _ 4.980 ;.320 81I0 A I30 0. 110 TOTAL COSTS I S. 140 7-e 0 7.970 22.50 '.0.770 CatPell Costs Anaudt OPoninag Cosn Po*er and C.ns..omabfes Tu.,2Ci ludd&El1..;E .- ,ilA 4SS10 \IteruoiCi, icostssl 0 Sr. 1g000 1 80 Poa-, 6VLIdi 2'.'76 L.oo I\ztIoi,iiinLA, I V.0tI 6.750 NlwttenaocelI&E Ctstui 2.i50% COofi ?70 Po- ercostibCt 7.90 D-SISn \n nesu,tilc i OWfi.I 6.320 Elecincit Choeus GCoooow 3.391 POis ne,onsUnonILcdC 1106 Co.structionswnen.sioo 3°. dilO1, 1.580 LabosrClhru.es 100001 160 Chemtc,lcostIIdl 125 Ph-ts.l Conongsc, I1. I OoTi 6.060 SludgeTr nspomwoo, 16000 1I 250 Sludge Tinsportaoui Pnc L nnt,rn-cs T3.o ),t, 3.330 ChetcaslCh.r.cs 4.000 i 46 Ce0stpUt I m d) 68 TomlCapital Cost imeclodn L.%I oooL) 69.950 .Ann.alOperetnngCos, IO0D1 4.697 N,wotmipssad II nlt Tr lcO Cost A n di 700 Unhi Tteatment Cost IA m ) 0.129 Sludgcetrnson costs dss 685 (,C-I, W'isJIs. jo- t-;s t , p$ ne .4w.wseoo.o snk Ac.Os ien.l.tl Os. 4. *1I l)Ct,,l brim,0-1&nt.~ -sk.Jr0% oI.VL 04Y(I/- biu/,/i 'm, - :.I( 7 1 / A-hi. n J L. oosbi-h- t t,n JIM osps,uft,-Ao - sid tE (ISt n Onr51N. t I 5 (1 fUS'(J. h u..Jy5 . . cwwhurlbtle r5'.^st h,* t1Jinm. c eselts,u hoo sptoaoow o its,n knkAlcsJ 41307 EA.TTABLEB: ' DECEMBER 1990 SICHUAN URBAN ENhlR0.x\IE \T PROJECT ENVIRO.NMENTALASSESSMENT Table B2.6 Summary of CAPEX and OPEX costs for Tertiary Treatment only, 100 000 m3/d LOCATION FinancialCost Indien Labour Treatment oeitrCapacty Currencsconversion j( £) 13 00 OperatungsatT(Nr) I: AseeaLdesnitsCacity im dl - 10050 1 Currencvconversion WSUSS) 8.30 Labourcost 5Wman r) 7000 to I0.000 Max rns water delivervtm ld) 110000 Comments CisiI loc1 costcalibration 0 40 Pocer ExisstintT.-eomment W*rks Capaoiiy RapidGra,,,ts ites M&E localcost cmbralootn 0 *: Elecrctv (WkWh d 40 None- ne WTW Aar,-aer suaoshtm .\1. /-r,ty, CncIplcr.C I. 1. lnilat.on Indices Land Acq(Itiost & Resettlnment _ .I.t-eatcrt nttit .d, &tcact i 1.31 TR61inflaton index Q20 cisil, :00 |Land costsf 000,h-ln 75J0 \I&E forcatncost multiplier. combined I 51 TR61 ttlIationndex 02M l.M&EI i57 Total sitearea Itha I 00 Cit, ii xitE constraconicoo eCsmata Total Atora-S Comn Pmpnto- Cnstouon cost To-a ttil Process D0 m e n s o n s pon c ust ponscd Local Foncsrn MlcE andMdcE so a ctutat.ttd aaq.motmcatcostu coos 4os rs nsttaa -.S f0 Ph-s ,ucs Ros Water PS IntakePS 1.0 GO 6i-. 300 461 761 761 Om I Hwm \azkVld-s _ Inlet Works Inlet Controi5 aices& -ot Itnhc inc Inctnc mc DsstrsbuutonChamber OL . Strctunr Prelimmnar, FlashMixer tankand cas".chudcdmI Uir vOL Im0 Inc Inc Inc Inc. C tnc. Sedinietaiion HsdraahcBoaM1e Flocculato4 r tuni n r r V m . - 0 FlatBottomed l l 0 7l. o o d Inchned Tube Stt,lert VOLri AREAim1 DEPlm Nr Seotmentation Hydr4auicBafIle w- cluCcdnc Inc inc nc Floccuataor rct - I0C OL I II RectianualarTnkT t,th ,, ,0 0,. 0 0 o Inclined Tube Seitlers VOL..)_ _ _AREA__ _ _ EP-__ _ Filtration Rapid Graitty 4x *11 1 1 3439141 4% 3S60 4.530 S.390 11.530 Fiitration.inc Backash APE4-- DEP- VOL. ,r Back,sash EBtckaushtWater Recovers- * 9 I 3 490 Sl . 340 *23 S63 133; Tunatment Tank.BWB oaterreturn DamoS VOLtml rI maitnsi Himi N\rPmps _ Chemical Chlorination & Inc I Ch` III. 1.l allchemical 0 tIC Inc Inc Inc Inc Inc Dosine ContactTank VOL ml Dteslin I) CAPLwdlddo,..% cqp_ ChemicalBuaidtnt I ii Chlno- I coned 0 09. i 0 3 Doing Equipment REA m PkkL. PC Otml/d) Iut _ Storage& Cleauate, 0 inc Inc Inc Inc Distribution Tank VOL -m' Nr Treated ater,I , 4 i i 0 r. d 0 0 0 Pomo Satton Qim ch CAPtut ti H mi \r.d,u Sab-Totalof ProcessUnit Costs 3.6;3 i 4.00 S '14 i0 014 13 44 | tscelIaneousp ,nrrnnotremrnts | :.1 foiouserconsumpton | ; Pieork IsI V of ProcessLnttCMi Costs *81 ;St Sile.orks 14 0o.of ProcessUnit Civil Costs i038 S0 0 0 Additional Overheads 4 . of ProcessLUnit Cisil Costs 14i 145 AdmintstrationBatldinus I ' 055.of ProcessUnit Civil Costs 34S t45 Controiand Insteamentitton :0rr. of ProcessUnt MILECosts * 1.10; :.00; :'0; Vehicles iSWMEDRICestinairi Pmostuonal Sum :33 .:0i Suc.-.otamisclatneatu costs I _.00Q i0 i203 -0S TOT RL COSTS i 40; 4.1 0°o o.ni 18.67 150: Capital Costs(%. TN% and Intake aidi I AnnualOperating Cosu ts TOOand intakeonls) Psicerand Consumables Total Civi and \l&l Co,t I'0)01 18.62 MaintenancetCi ilcostpai 05-P. 1000It :7 PoserikVthdI lid Land AcquasitionI LA) C800i) 750slamientance (ME costpal :0".Q1000 hI 330 Possercost h/d) ou Desattn&ManauementCasts IH i000i 1.940ElectricitvCharmes 10001) :0 PACIk-udI ConstructionSupenrision Cot, 000 i :67 LabourChamesiskilled) 10001 -i)PA.M kt d) Ph-swalCoontnoenc, 1-°o 0 )i ;:40 LabourChanes Iunskilied) i 00061 Ammomaiktdli PnceConttenc, 4.. 00Q), 1.190Chemical Charmes (0001 Chlonne.ltquidtkadl , Total CapitalCost lin,lwtang L SII 000 :6.01; AnnualOpeatint Cost 000hI; 4. Unit TreatmentCost ibm- di 260 Lntt TreatmentCost b-,m'I 013 Chemicalcost il6.dt \167EA. ButtDEr I .4 IfBLE 11MB Et19r. : 11/l 32.5 Dir -p.scdosirxa-rrlitottiOISjIinmr IaJttIi, t.o,hi.s rioccstuihi /icul; tIm? r ae .srrkrptlpck.t 4S0 h*.m 41;c67EA TAaLEB: o DECEMBER1998 SICHL:AN LRB_AN EN\IRWNMENT PROJECT EN\VIRON\MEN'T.-L.-SSESSNIENT Table B2.8 Summarv of CAPEX and OPEX costs for ExtendedAeration Activated Sludge WwTW TR61 BasedFinancial Cost Estimate Capacity= I100000WM3 Cosmitts- Fin.s,asaCast WinsO Lab"s, T,natwsos,%orks Copasany Sr 16.11Wwmfda Conuniccncsns. M0s. 13.000ponsunstff (Nri3 Asoinpcdma,n de.s (anOdl 100.000 hmcCn-fiisn 1AS n-h Coavoncant-ni-. 6iViSS) 8 310Aiota5o (Obo.,cO m Wm-'tn I0.000 Poocd"wsia flo,,(o4 130.000 sluda,~dicwoso and Ocoosonn Cmii oco costisalibmn,o 0.40 P..., i f0E.w.vtnTmensnt- Vo,-" C.p.nss1, STVWItl xlnd.oa, oi '4&tio-coI cOs ibmOio 0 42 Ectkainit (YLV4hj d thi,osiON - NLi \%oaL Est-knid AS tch dinon AAt-P..- g.c -shqnn- flE 1.15 inflati- .. diten fLod Acqsasoso0n& Rnfashtanat WEW sdgdioc5sfin )5 M&VEWi",cn Winpus".drO U- i11o TMIR6mntk,&io &, Odin0 g9 1-0il 2.91Lad ocs l.'tl YV,ls 2.250 an..i- INME f-m. .nano.smliISnron,bind 1.51 ITRIO intl-- md-.i2Oisi0M&E1 5 oIso.n3 Procoss 0,mcnsmons -oPois ... insn Mii ad5 pwfiiimwsa xi. GonoZui Pani5nnpmg0 8.0 157 .488 970 6 o 860 1.330 -1190 160 Twoisi too iSn.ssl 14w0 lii-llWA1I N____- F.m S~rsns.OnIRIniosO 130.0U 1.27 .1 .;00 89% 480 4.040 4.i2 .2 di Dislnbtsii ChaniS, SIlO.' ii, -SRLsnA Pirtsnt- Cirooi 3 assis 0 0.0 0 0 0 OR.0 0 0 0 Triaiisi Snn: si Twnk .50.5 i-', It-p I., DIRA--ni w S-d.onsl-oss iaisoA -inn 62.500 silioor 993 I 23.127 21t.790 61% 12.200 18.760 310.960 52.7590 T --nscn Tanks& Rosun PS n mn.O Pni,iiVil,m ST 101 90 Ciniooni0n, .63 .8 38.3 4 7.450 2 n 3.260 1.300 4.560 12.010 SIsdm~ PnsnoSlad4o . Pidk'[ 0 0 1.039 0 0I 0 0 0 0 T,vbanmst F-nci Thick,-in Tools UAt-Ainn' ! IWPnm li-si i 8caooanSWSd. 0 0 0%j 0)O 0 0 BoIt Thick-nnss,lII Wii 1505 N SsId,h, BL-w.nis'i's Io 0 01 0 a 0 0 I) Anonibi, Dimmoss,PS 0 0 0 0% 0 0 0 G.s HOWdri& Snil10 VOLt i TiLl' I, M1- In '1 Pos,.DtS.su-n 0 0 0 on.I 0 0 1 SingoSt.m,d Tanks D.l.nSi.N., tiAA-nl 51 - SiaogiDinsosInnu 681 - -kiis.nmr 4 .s520 47n.1 4 0 640 2.6 F-sd Tank ~ Il i,01 ik ~ n- SlWsdsmD-i=-nn, inc. 0 07 17.67 Jinc. S9".o 1.19 9.980 I1 170 i11.170 111i Prcsc sI-.ni. i mil, .,5.J. Nr SI.dmic Trcn-n- 400 r-anm.n 920 ifC nc. inc. inc. 920 SissOtmiSsoiancCis.~~ 256 Iso 450 ci nc.~ inc.1 Inc. 4i0 iSuilsirns~ ~ ~ ~~\IAUsin., 50 n.inniI I i.b-Total o P-ssisL nil Costsi 34.600 66%I 18B.330 35.710 54.040 88.640 Nt-sc.lban oss poirIrrIoiilrnnicnio :5 ,tPoi-rcanssiPuon 1 6.939 Pinisi0ni If,~~~~~~~~~~1oPi"scsf.. nin n l Cosu 5 540 .0 jisissi-s 14.. ot Prns VissnitCi,il Co,,s 48940 4840 EddisionoOsidicoo di.. onPnncss Unit Cii ii Cow 1.380 .8 K.,iniiolliIlidim-s I 1 P- L rmiCis il Co 5.190 9 -0d1I111ii.nircin.-2.i P-os L-u NIOcECowsts71 7.:40j 1.0 1(.II 0 lilOilan-ii-o3 .Jlr, ______-______I_ _ b.95 ;,670 ~ 40 ______6_ VOTNIISIATA itOnol~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[;5_ '220001 4.1850 (,850 16,4 PtitS C.st, A.... OPn8msisgCost P.ner asadC -ssss,Ons To,t2l( imba-d 'IdE Cost N,5 IiI16.400) NI.tnnm Ci,II costp2l it MI'. itsli V) 260 Posi.nik\W6,di 14.694 LandAwos-mon LA) lsI 6.750 nci\sntnIXE& cost par l.51t.. sia, Vis 1.620 Po.-,costo disi 3878 i-5n& Nlum.onon Cost 2..1 naIl 1-4.7,80EIocncii, CttiI,s I w, is 5.065 Pnssnosinptionid.ci 11.17 CoInisocon_Sos.P-mon Cao. 1. 1 "I .690 Labor Charn8 sS lorisVI 750 Ch-cWus~cosi Yids 1.272 Plissica]C-(u...isc lit. OtnssV) 14.160Slssgv Tissportaooni isas Vs 281 adt,Tr.spnimaa. Pric,C-nii.nnst. is't .9 testcnuwlClts.s (tOnA 464 oLOnontinI'dl 77 Tota CapitLdCost LAadn IInmisil 163.570Aannssaop,rotnsC c1.5w,N V) 8.440 r.rttpspdmn 13 I ni Tn.---n C--siV J)n I . IL;---niTav -nt Cos ilmi 0.231I Shademisnsis olnutsdaiiVe "701 411367.EA.TABLE82.8 DECEMBER 1998 SICHi AN URBAN ENSVIRO\\I\ET PROJECT E\VIRON\F*\TAL I.SSF.SS\IF\T Table B2.9 Summary of CAPEX and OPEX costs for Extended Aeration Oxidation Ditch WwTW TR61 BasedFinancial Cost Estimate Capacity = 100 000 m3/d CNms.ansvss Fillasicai C- Indirns Lab-,r T tsat Ws.o"'Cci- STW 1160.11,, .'Id., CoMrtneyen ion s/il) ;1300 Opamso ssalTINr 70 AsoaoScdopao Ito '!dl 100.000 tharCon-emI AS,tt , Ere ersoscoa US.) 8 30 A,errac boorco ra-ni.s ar 7.000to i0.000 PeoLdisp floanio.dl 130.000 si.dgcdisason sod doe se*sol C-I IDoclcop clibnaton 0.40 Porter 1E-ung Trmiltmc Vaor5 C.rap.l PT'. '5501.005 ndo hact MI&E1-lor-ascl.ba o 042 ElC;=a,elr. OVLWhal O4ojN-aa ahisoI.Sn_ WVoa Exrcdcd AS-.,a dce.asenoO ltur. / olp l I.-.1.1IIC lInn.soias L.ndrsi_slian & R,isnanbo. lea... 131 TR6I io.Iont dex-Q1V7lcrriIl Lo.draosrslia, hl '100 basssoslsdgoe s50odasoo AM F.FSrltO /i- 2.9J9 Forc-n Ptl... rie, MacE teren eosstrslaolor coabroed 1.5 'IITRI iwhi-a ond- 03)7 i&E, ; 57 Totalarreoneeth,, 500 Process Osaatcatsross paseo~~~~t.NS'a., mooani tora-dm Pssa Initt .IM A r oDnopIlnsc L- -. IaSE E -Iha Ltwt,,d, glaa 5t .o0 hwIs 55 5llVI s s-I, Prodtn.os, Ink,0-1slo 930 0 0 0%. 0 0 0 0 Tr=asmeo Toni. t.a SN aE. screech-at.r 1;0.000 2.93 0 1.500 0% 0 0 0 1.500 'II056r M8%let, Sr Inlt Popioo 1.505 8.0 157 3 3.488 970 47% 990 890 1.880 2.850 F'o- SFr. OnsFGcs,so r- 130.000 1.27 4 1.500 94% 320 4.620 4.940 6.440 & Dis-ab,monCha-srb SRtfrr - er4.- am N _ weosdare Squoonro lok '2'51 4 36.242 5.300 2/. 380 150 530 5.830 Tngeoom T.a.s Vrrt..t l scb 'ii iO101 ksid.-soTan,I-C..o-iei 67.S60 I s t.800 I 25.450 89%J. 3.970 33.240 37.210 62.660 TtoeslcRosna PS V1arm.lr m PiFzAoWh) M, Ciseasl..L3 r 1.609 38 38 3 4 7.430 29%o 3.260 1.300 4.560 11.990 Sesslem-ntTass sT-k, MY I ImDI41m Sr Sksdte Semoodo, Sl dgc - Pkc, 0 4.5 0 1.068 0 0f/s 0 0 0 TreMmooeanl F-nc ThiskIatt Toots %IUA>ea IC prat, rtNz SI Scom- rslinise 0 0 0 0Do 0 0 0 ' Eblt Thacc 'F4:Ieners tl.t 505 Sr Sltrcd Ds-s'r 682 4 1.520 48% 340 300 640 2.160 Feed Totkal SlWdoeDe-oteso Inc. 007 1767 ; inc- 89-' 1.190 9.980 11.1.0 11.170 Bel Fblresscn :R..r4 te l'olav..tr.a.Jt ri Sioldc Tr-emeor 400 trnt 920 inc. Inc. inc. mc. 920 IB.ildan, %*F mAW,in Sl)DSCCrat Serec 256 5 -0 450 inc. inc. snc. mnc. 450 B.sl)dWa IJrrrr 50 ttpr.1eb I S.b-ToIor Pto,esLstCososL C 45.040 83%e 10.450 50.480 60.930 05.'970 hli-Hcllswo.;sreC( 2J!ate. .poer-ofssmporo 110.225 T Plp-.eorS I e. or Prcess LtollCt Cows '.210 T .210 |Sicoorks 14 ar ol PrncSs Unil C il Coasu 6.3 10 6.;310 Addrslo.IC~crlsda 4trt orP-r s Lo CiBilCosu I.800 1.8I00 | drasOrso,atoBeHrdco Stle. orProcess Litt Cit il Cots 6.760 6.760 Co-s-.rsa.on1 I ta FloodBhnd P.,-rrotl Sooutimt SUUEDRIC, 5.000 5.1.1OO | Xci,tgs Pro. lesea-i S-1- SUSIEDRIC, 1W000 .W000 I.0 C.o-rolg rd I srn...... o. 3 l. oNP-rc:css l &E Cos.c 2.9"90 10.10u 12.19'0 12 191 itsfl.r0501 osrrt.ciboataroo'.oers 2- 080 090 10 l1l I 190 1 -OTAL ( OSTS ______120 S-1. 3 40i 6053801 421 4 Castrsss Cats stas,Iva. % aa.l) A... sse Osaapr,osvasCrass, lVs TI'. toOt Poan., asos Coosnsasjltl |ToolClC-I ,dM\&ECost . ) 146.240 Steioac Ciadcoi rIplrt . StrutV60.Pin-,rkIWdl 51.124 L.. A;oussnnsLA "LA, 10.50U M.naoNasNocebMaEcosro, :rt. 1oIrI 1.850 PoI, otcoss,l Idr 20.450 D|s po& 1leoepcnt Cos-s -l_ .. or I1S.S8IO |Ecsu,cla Chbec .1or 7.464 Pohttaoeos ponspa.ada-t t I) 07 Con"snc.ra.S stip-naist,Co.. - S 2.540 L., sC hIasecs 580 Chc.a...-cosr r dt 1.272 Ph-ssolConasong- I s t 17.810 5lsd%oeTrNmoonirm ,nO.tilw 281 SiNk,r,T-st-nsona |P.ccConsr-ge, 5. te1a 9.800 CacamrslChrangs soo ( 464 dCOtsIr |TOuICepsssCosrrroOlsnlrO lAs 'LAa, 205.700 IAts.ioposv Co., roo vi 10.999 Nrotld 1; Ln Tat.tem Cost .i m1 d '060 L-s Tmamsi Cost 0.301Slrdaeanons,orscosasdae V. *1;67.EA.TA%BLEB219 DECEMBER 1998 SICHU.\N L'RBA\ F\%\IRO\IF\T PROIECT ENVlRO\\1ENTAL .\SSESS\MENT Table B2.10 Summary of CAPEX and OPEX costs for A.S. WwTW with POWER GENERATION TR61 Based Financial Cost Estimate Capacity= 100000m3/d C.rnmet, Fiuioul Coot 1.k. Lsb- Trmo -.rk Copac Citr ms-o con. intnelAS s ihICofonc sonosmmiY/Li 1;.00 0C0migl5 u ffT ) 186 A-ooandesig. 1s ,o"d) 100.IW0 Acis Digsson.Po.ser Cuonense-sIsoni Y.ltSSi 3.30 A labour oo,lYD/mn,rs SOiSoISSIrSk Pookdei 9n lb *m'd 130.000 Re,o,c- dOO,u-,n.g& diqspol CiGI klc oo-clib.S-on 0 40 P*-nr EsisiogT---im ,oWnrRs Csapciks lo IsosiSill .1' LE -oo - clib-noo O 42 Eke-c Irn,.V h,s 0 40 Noonsc .hi- la . Sm,- t GENERAL CASE.*1-0 nOd -V/oe -iosS,p)s-' Clk Ij Io8suo.nIrodiou J. L£d A1q4.11. i ltR._ss-t ./A.k -dr"si,,osh5ms"r.dsw- lacs 1.3/ TRtHIni:soon &dsQ;'97 sIlG,l ' 99 Leadson, E oi5-, 750 SMEt r-iu. olo nSnioiipr-o-binwd 1.fl TROdin islion indc CS71M&E, .57 ToI,iIckes 500 A-coi' '' ! .l" nDnol en myn .0.5 ovl .15. Pros.cso DicnioSCSSni p5505 .DC0 10550 1ol IwO MiE _Ist sLWWsJ INK,Y5 sI 0 .- V. Pslimoosn 1nklPsnPso 0 1.505 8.0 157 3 ;.490 970 690% 370 I.'i30 '200 ;.170 Tromcmn Solion sNjsoofs kmlOo.oiWmX*Nhs Nrs.-.s F.r. Sron. GmriR-mo1l I30.000 12'7 4 1.500 89%. 480 4.0f0 4.5;0 6.030 & 0ssoabs,-n Chss,bn MI ossUs oSlAmV t_ Pnsems Circoosws3n, 954 3.0 29.4 4 264 4.400 :r9% 2.850 140 ;.990 8.;90 Tr- timmn Scolomon sn. RIAI DFIPnm rxn,m, Nt Secooden RonseolRUerAeroAon 35.892 -s.so: 656 1 14.595 14.520 610/s 8.510 ;3.110 21.620 36.140 Troetoiso, Ton.s& R...n PS .,I. -m55 nMolhl Sr 202 ci-ole-O eo-, 1.600 3.8 38.1 4 i.380 29% 3.260 I.300 4 S60 I 1940 Smol-nIlanssTS-K.W Sn, D1P in UAl%ns, N, S,i0dg Primn Sodoc.P-ickl, 240 4.0 11.2 2 2.443 550 71° 460 1.110 1.570 '.120 T,ooonot FcnceThbko,nmyTniis .T.." mIns Of ? I., MA1I., S 5s-onsdooSWod,o 450 1.25 ; 1.010 89% 600 5.000 5.600 6.610 BEI.Tho.1wncrs SOFAA550. W"Im. SIM, "r SWodo kndi., 230 sliomosso I 220 590U 80 0 160 380 |T-n; V14 Ic. -aiub0r_ An-eb, DiscoSePS Egi-s, 4.140 17.4 174 2 5.260 96% 1.390 34.555 36.145 41.405 '3eosHoldoo& Ac,), V(OL'ns' DtIS- lt.s Sr _S 20 Po.-DigO ,-o- 1.381 10.0 13.3 2 1.100 89%o 150 1.220 1.370 2.470 SlSdt, IOSAT n.." 511.- mS U' m 15 S, S ______1 SlaodsOcSosenyTn5 - Y.230 nI KnnSSIYPfm> sOsn lW) dcca78230s,bl.mlur ' 430 47% 170 Fc.d Tn.k V'I 5,50 Sr SIodg. DoS.SSIS'O inc 0.07 16.89 2 Msc. 890'. S00 6.670 -470 7,470 BoShPro ssc SAtSirs-s lu5.IL.i) sIdos Sr SlooteTr=m-in 400 Is-sss 920 inc. inc. inc inc. 920 B.ldi.pRitnl Xi SudgcC(licS,orac 246 so.. 440 | inc. inC. Ic. inc. 440 So.6 ro-s .c PS.., LS.-OI Q00 -S'. i9.820 |o9*If 9 ! 5.5 23S..5 SltsssIsclncroososserroouwrcmcotlsr¢sp 25,?..5spcrcononsupsso n 5.2....T548 6.r1T fSPcnsSl Si. I.st.05UOtPwcssDi%CiiCl Cost, 6.190 6.0 0010055.0 .1 5.i. of PmosonoL.it CiojlCait 5.420 |5.420 AddisSnilO,,r,cdn i -r. K.P-mccoLn, CiGI Coiu 1.50 1.550 adnssnSsIressoeAs,idind. ilr. s/Proc-ssUn CidsiC.os- 5.810 5.810 Co-nrol-nd Io- snSabsn-- g ,,0 s Pro--scLo %ItE Coos 3.960 1.94| 0 I 9(YI 17' I 'S50.S|sqacS5s>.-ci5nSo5, 005051 IS.95 ° I 960 j 13 9411 5I Yss | 3f6870 TssrxL ( OSTS - 6'(1 F 2nl'3.780 | Si:655 0.4S1 165.105 Cass-i1l Asos...n Opci'i,nt C.n P.- .5diCossiihnsl To-olCisol.ndMI&E CoS sinsIs 165.105 PM.,ncne.csCioilcoi,er5r. YsknOs 290 P -JsWsVohdi 8.641 Lor4Acn,1s-msLAI .51 '.750 NSt.n;m,eosIM&E.ospe : yr. (500555, 2.690 P-cscou-, V 3.456 D-OSgAO\l& wmol C.,n, 12 5 0- 20.260 £ESc:viiuClon 1.2621sOs Po.1secr:-umptiS,loda,5 IL s. |C-o-srcoO SupcnSton(Con m5 ' 5.070 Lebo, Cher5o, V, S00 Cb-sc.-l eoo,Vd s 1.864 Pht-lmco-s-, penesIr. .l... s 19.420 Sldoi, Tronn.p ion-*505I 269 IifS Trn-pi-nui P-is ConSmnsoy. 1 0.680 isseS CSsesoo 680 eIe)UsPUlsid,5500Os 4 Tool CapeelCo--Jdinclsdsns LA, e5"5X 224.285 -AwSfOpSm5sf COm 0M.,i I 5.991 Nrtr#deo 12 !(nilTc=lm Cn-con, ..s 2.240 Ciois,T=n.n-on, '., ° Sloorcrnneoso.dss V ;7 41367 E2AT.ABLFB' 10 DECEXIBER 1998 5fCH(\NURRH AN EVIRO\%IE'NT PROFECT E\ VRONMIENTAL,tSSESSStENT Figure B2.1 Sources of Pollution in the Yangtze Basin Sources of Pollution - Whole Yangtse Basin Itingzhou Bay Study) 120 100 O3Other * Livestock 60 ElFertiliser ~40 1t 2*lndustrv 20 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Urban Domestic 20 29 Total N' Total P Sources of Pollution - Yangtse above Chongqing (Cowi Study) 1200 IMoo . - 158 | Rural Towns 80.0 . Rural 60.0 . Agriculture - 40 ° Industrm 20.0 U.t'rban Domestic 0.0 Total N Total P J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fF15-1 F A F.lRF' I SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIETAI. ASSESSMENT VOlume 3 - Appendices APPENDIX C PRE-APPRAISAL SUMMARY REPORT (MARCH 1998) SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixC SUMMARY of SUEP SCHEMES for PRE -APPRAISAL 1.0 BACKGROUND This report provides a summary of nine feasibilitv study reports, covering Phase I of the long term Sichuan Urban EnvironmentalProject, prepared by SUEPO for Pre-Appraisalby the World Bank. The World Bank, at the request of the Sichuan Provincial Government, has agreed in principle to provide a loan towards the Sichuan Urban Environment Project. The project will cover a range of measures including engineering and institutional support works for water supply, water pollution control and solid waste managementfor a number of cities in the Tuo and Min River Basins. The State Planning Commission in December 1997agreed the application of such a loan, with a limit of 5150 million, to a number of works. In 1997 a team of International Consultants. Mott MacDonald. supported by a grant from the UK Government, came to Sichuan to assist the SUEP Project Office in the preparation of the project for detailed evaluation by the World Bank Team. Following an overall evaluation the following components. illustrateddiagrammatically in the Annex, have been identified by SUEPO for preparationby the above combined team: Water Suppiv Schemes * Leshan * Luzhou Beijiao * Luzhou Daxikou . Zigong Water Pollution Control Schemes * Chengdu * Deyana * Leshan * Zi2onu Municipal Solid Waste Schemes * Leshan This report. prepared by the SUEP Project Office. summarises the feasibility studies of the nine schemes proposed and has been prepared for Pre-Appraisal by the World Bank and is supported by a number of docurments: 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C- I DECEM1BER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMFNTALASSESSMIENT Volume3 - AppendixC * The 9 Feasibilitv Study Reports * Preliminary Design Drawings,prepared bv the citv's consultants. * A Resettlement Action Plan * An EnvironmentalImpact Assessment These latter twvoreports are not vet complete but .the work for both is proceeding on schedule for submission to the World Bank by the middle of May 1998, one month prior to the conduct of the project Appraisal. 2.0 WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS 2.1 PopulationProjections The "medium" forecasts of the populationsto be served for the 20 year planning period are presented in Table C.1. Table C.1 Population Forecasts f Year Leshan Luzhou- Beijiao 1Luzhou- Daxikou Ziigong- 1995 1 186000 { 284000 60000 f 441 000 2000 214300 319800 64000 496500 2i10 308 100 393700 I 73900 641800 2015 364 200 430 400 78000 740400 I ~ ~~L___,____ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~. 2.2 MbIaximumWater Demands The "medium" forecasts of the peak water demandsto be served are shown in Table C.2. Table C.2 Peak Water Demand Projections (m3/d) for areas to be served Near Leshan I Luzhou - Beijiao ! Luzhou - Daxikou Zigong 1995 69 100 93i000 46900 149000 2000 -970o0 125600 00 197 00 '01( 200f600 229000 ?0072 414200 1 ______I _ _ _ _ .______,______I__ I 2015 266 S00 i 286 000 E ,01 84 S00 ! 590 too In all cases the size of the scheme proposed is justified bv the projected demand shortfall. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C-2 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN l!RBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSNIENT VolumeS - AppendixC 2.3 The Proposed Water Supply Works Outline details of the main componentsof the schemes are shown in the following Table C.3. The two schemes for Luzhou each have a capacitv of 50 000 m3/d. The capacitv of the Leshan scheme is 100 000 m7d. whilst that for Zigong is 200 000 m /d. The Luzhou Beijiao scheme involves the supply of '5 000 m/d to Fuji, a countv town some 35 km north of Luzhou. The Zigong scheme involves the suppiv of 210 000 m;/d of raw water but treatment works for onlv 120 000 m3/d with so 000 m'/d of raw water to suppiv an existing treatment works. Table C.3 Summarv of Proposed Water Supply Schemes Luzhou I Luzhou i Leshan Beijiao | Daxikou Zigong Capacitvm'/d 100000 50 000 200000 IntakeSource Qingyi Yangtze Yangtze j Min r 1 66km x DN 1400 Raw Pipeline 3.Ikm x DNI 100 0.5jkm x DNI 000 [L2km x DN800 0.3kmx DNI000 0.4km x DN900 3 Raw Pumps 3 x 2300 m-'/h 2 x I I50 rn-'h 3 x 1150m /h 3 x4400m /h 3 x4400 mfh TreatmentWorks: I 100000 m'd = 0000 m/d 50000 m-d 120000 m d Pre-sedimentation 14.4 mhb 15 mlh 13.8 mrh 13 mih I Sedimentation 6.9 m/h 6.3 rT/h 7.0rnih I 6.8 nvh RG Filters | l2x48m ! 16x25m- | 4Sm 16x4Sm Backvash Air 'Water Water Air Water4 Air WaterW Disinfection | Chlorine Chlorine Chlorine Cl. - NH. Clear Water Tank 2x 5000 2 x4500 mrn x 3000 m I x 14400m! TW Pumps 4 x IS00mhmx9?2m/h 4 x 972 mrnih 5 x 2020m /h 3 x972 m('h 7 TW MAINS S. l km x DN 800 30.45kmx DN 700 2 km x DN 1000 1 '.Skm x DN 1200 1. km x DN 600 2 km x DN 600 j 0.2 km x DN 00 j 30 km x DN 100-800 Resernoirs 2000 -,9000mi I 2000ml 4000 m - 2000m 2.4 Scheme Cost Summarv - Water Suppiv Projects. The estimates of the capital and annual operating costs of the schemes above are summarised in Table C.4. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C -3 DECEMIBER19(8 SICHUAN UJRBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALA SSESSMENT Volume S - Appendix C Table C.4 Cost Estimates for Water Supply Schemes ( INN) f Ltshan Luzhou Bijiao Luzhou Zigong 1 eipao Daxikou Prime Cost 109.5 126.7 65.9 323.4 Ensineering Costs 12.9 15.3 7.8 38.9 Contin2tncies 27.5 32.2 16.1 82.7 Total Capital Cost 149.9 174.2 89.8 445S Annual C:ost-MtVpa- 10.13 - 10.17 i 6.9) 38.64 2.5 Economic and Financial Analvses The main economic and financial indicators for the schemes and the water utilities are summarised in Table C.5. The AICs for Zigong are unusually high because 40 % of raw water is fed to an existing WTW and therefore costs have been set against only 60% of the flow. Whilst those for Luzhou - Beijiao are high due to costs of the pipeline to Fuji. Table C.5 Economic and Financial Indicators for Water Suppiv Schemes Leshan ijiao Daxukou Zigong AIC -financial. at 10% pa (4/m1 0.81 1 En F 0.94 1.94 AIC -economic, at i0% patYm ) 0.73 1. 6 . 1.6 Al tariff *,m) 1.25 1.0 1.0 2.8 FIRR atter tax (% pa) 10.5 9.5 10.0 g9. EIRR io pat 15.1 14.2 j 15. Il All schemes have been found to be affordable when personal costs incurred. based upon the tariffs generated bv utilitv level analvsis. are compared with the lower 10 percentile incomes. Willingness to pav survevs indicate that a high percentage are prepared to pav for improved services and the tariffs proposed appear to be acceptable. 3.0 WASTEWATER PROJECTS 3.1 Wastewater Projections Average drv weather flows for the areas to be served bv the SUEP works have been estimated. -Medium' values are presented in Table C.6. if,'7PA APPENDIXC C._I rlpFrTMRFP lonQ SICHiAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMN1ENTALASSESSMENT VoLimncI - Appendi\ C Table C.6 WastewaterFlow Projections(m 3/d) in areas to be served Year Chengdu Devang Leshan Zigong 1995 162300 53 200 70400 46 500 2000 197 200 74 500 93 300 61 700 2010 356 200 167 800 228 700 129 200 2015 480400 233 300 319400 184 100 3.2 Summaryof Proposed Water Pollution Control Schemes Table C.7 SummaryDetails WastewaterWorks Chengdu Deyang Leshan Zigong Capacity ( m3/d) 300 000 100 000 254 000 120 000 Main Interceptor 4S km x 6.7 km x 1.5 m2 14.7 km x 7.3 km x DN 2400/1800 DN 500-1500 DN 500 - 1600 Raw Pumps 6 x 3240 m3/h 3 x 3000 m3/h 3x2708 m/h 3 x 400 m'/h 5 x 2604 m31h 4 x 2000 m3 /h Treatment Works: PreliminaryTreatment CS,FS,G CS,FS,G CS.FS,G CS.FS,G Primarv Tanks 8 x 36 m dia. None None None Aeration Type ActivatedSludge Oxidation Ditch ExtendedAS Tank Retention 1Oh 15h None 15 Final SedimentaionTanks 8 x 47 m dia. 4 x 42 m dia. 4 x 44 m dia. Digesters 2 x 18 m dia. None None Gravity Thickeners 4 x 14 m 2 x 17 m dia. 2 x 17.5 m dia. Sludge Belt Presses 4x3m 3x3m 3x2m 3.3 SchemeCost Summary - WastewaterProjects In Table C.8 estimates of the capital costs and the annual operating costs of the wastewater schemes are presented. Table C.8 Cost Estimates for WastewaterSchemes |(1M1Y) Chengdu Deyang Leshan Zigong Prime Cost 550 208.2 82.4 173.4 EngineeringCosts 62.7 24.1 10.1 20.3 Contingencies 131.3 50.0 20.7 43.1 Total Capital Cost 744 282.3 113.2 236.8 Annual Cost (.51Xpa) 27.3 11.2 4.8 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C -5 DECEMBER 1998 SlCl,Il\\N URBAN ENVIRONM:lENTPROJECT ENViRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixC 3.4 Economic and FinancialAnalyses The main economic and financial indicators for the wastewater components are presented in Table C.9. Table C.9 Economicand Financial Indicatorsfor WastewaterSchemes | Chengdu Deyang Leshan [ Zigong AIC financial.aEl0-%pa V/m) 0.88 1.16 0.26 0.69 AIC -_conomic at I10° pa (Y/m ) 0.73 0.87 | 0.20 0.S9 At tariff (f/m ) 1.2 0.35 [.0 F[RRaftertax j% pa) 8.5 9.3 10.2 9.1 EIRR (1%"pa) 1|.3 16.1 | [4.8 16.2 Tariffs streams arising from the financial analvses are presented in Appendices E of the individual feasibilitv studies. Comparison of projected tariffs with lower 10 percentile incomes shows all proposed tariffs to be affordable. 4.0 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROJECT - LESHAN 4.1 Populationand Solid Waste Load Projections In Table C. 10 the -Medium"and "Low" forecastsof the populationto be served and the quantities of MSWto be handled are presented. Table C.10 Populationand MSW Projections uISoWGenerated MISWVto Landfill ! , ~~~~~Population d)()i !ear Nledium j Low edium Low Nledium Low 1995 215000 I 215000 176 1[76 70 70 2000 j 28000 263000 244 216 220 156 20(5 340000 295000 I 309 257 278 I '31 201 1 410000 327000 3Q4 1 301 '55 ' 4.2 The Proposed Works In order to improve and expand the service in a growing citv it is proposed to invest in collection trucks and street sweepers. two new transfer stations. and improvementsand extensions to the existing landfill. The provision of these facilities will be phased to match actual growths. The componentsof the scheme are listed together with their costs in Table C. I 1. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C -6 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN UIRBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume; - AppendixC Table C.11 MSW Facilities and their Costs Estimated Costs Components of the Scheme (INN) 1. Landfill PlantItems 11.77 Civil Works 18.81 2. Plantin the City Washers& Sweepers 4.08 Collectiontrucks 6.25 Other 0.43 3. Civil Worksin theCiry 7.03 4. Land Acquisition 9.40 Total PrimeCosts 57.77 EngineeringCosts 6.66 Physicaland Price Contingencies 20.6 Total Capital Cost 85.04 Annual Operating Cost (NAI pa) 1.63 4.3 Economic and Financial Analvsis Economic and financial indicators for the scheme are summarised in Table C.12 for both the medium and the low growth cases. Table C.12 Economic and Financial Indicators |______Nlledium Growth Low Growth AIC - financial. at 10% pa W/t) 118.8 133.2 AIC -economic. at 10O%pa (/t) 99.7 113 'MSWlevs (Y) 1 11 136 FIRR (1%) I 1.5 Q.7 5.0 THE SOCIAL ANALYSIS The social impact of the project has been considered upon the basis of data collected from willingness-to-pas survevs. resettlement action plans and information froni the citv. In all of the cities it was found that people had a high degree of awareness of the importance of public health issues and a good understanding of the links between environmental conditions and health. A high proportion of those interviewed expressed a willingness to pa,y for services but quantitative results. in the most part. were not obtained. Quantitative data on willingness to pav in Chengdu has had to be used as a basis for assessments elsewhere. Social behaviour. gender issues, household income patterns, health and needs for social awareness have been covered for each of the five cities. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C - 7 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN U!RB.N FNVIRONMiENT PROJ.ECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMIENT Volume 3 - Appendix C 6.0 THE RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN Resettlement and compensation planned have been covered in a separate "Resettlement Action Plan". At this stage this report is in draft form and will be submitted to the World Bank in final form, on schedule. one month before Appraisal of the SUEP. In Table C. 13 the main findings of the draft RAP are summarised. Table C.13 Summarv of Resettlement Action Plan Chengdu Deyang Leshan Luzhou Zigong Projct \l \ XV\VVS | ZV\V t5\} Da.xilou |Beijiao | VV ProjToa Nr. of people tobe 1190 20 i 30 16 30 10 132 IS0 1762 resettled _ LandArea to I___ ~ 15 3 0 12 10 16 bendued tmu°| _2180 200 66 16 1 240 28 40 122 224 1216 be used(u Total Cost |131 23.6 0.4 7.7 13 2.2 1.3 1 34 14.6 1544.8 Revision of these data will be carried out before Appraisal so as to reflect changes to pipe routes and construction sites. 7.0 THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The EA is in the course of preparation and is on schedule for submission to the World Bank one month in advance of the Appraisal of the SUEP. The project components are all identified as having overall beneficial impacts. No overriding issues have been identified to date. Concerns have been raised on a number of issues and have been addressed with modification of designs wvhereappropriate. Normal issues have been raised relating to the civil construction with requirements presented to minimise the impacts of construction traffic. noise and air-borne dust. In the operation of works concerns have been expressed regarding noise and the performance of works during power failures. The treatment and disposal of watenvorks sludae has been covered. Mitigation measures to minimise adverse impacts have been identified and monitoring requirements have been detailed to ensure the environmental aims are achieved. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C-8 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUtAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIENTAL. ASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix C 8.0 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutional anaivses have been conducted to establish the needs to be able to achieve sustainable operation and management of the utilities to be responsible for the works to be funded under the World Bank loan. Proutresswith the formation of the new utilities to cover wastewater works has been slow. Proposals have been prepared bv the cities but considerably more preparationwork is necessary with detailed attention given to the structure, responsibilities. working methods, staffing, assets. financial management and institutionalstrengthening needs. We are confident that this work can be completed and be ready for Appraisal within three months. It remains to prepare the legal documentation. required bv the World Bank, to cover the establishment of the new companies. Preliminarv assessmentsof institutionalstrengthening needs have been identified. 9.0 PROJECT COST SUMMARY In Table C. 14 the capital costs for all engineering components and the Technical Assistance are combined to givea total cost for the SUEP Phase I. 10.0 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SUMMARY In Table C. 15 the bases for economic and tinancialanalyses are summarisedand the main indicators. for the project componentsare summarised. 11.0 TECHNICAL ASSISTA±NCE Details of the requirementsfor technical assistance have yet to be finalised. 12.0 OUTSTANDING MATTERS The following major aspects require further attention before Appraisal: minor aspects are listed in each feasibility study: * A number of engineerin2 survevs are vet to be completed. Following the receipt of results the precise pipe routes and/or site locations should be established. Impacts upon the designs. costs. resettlement requirements and the EA will be reviewed. * The new companies to handle wastewater must be formally created and all legal documentation must be prepared. Further definition of the roles. responsibilities, assets. liabilities and facilities for the new companies will be provided. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C -9 DECEMBER1998 SICIIIAN lURBAN FNVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENT-U ASSESSM;IENT Voiunie 3 - Appendix C * Financial analyses will be updated'in the light of cost revisions and better information regarding the new companies. * Details of the technical assistance requirements to be covered within the SUEP must be finalised. * Comments of the World Bank. following Pre-Appraisalwill be addressed. 13.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many orranisations have plaved a part in the preparationof the nine feasibility studies. The Sichuan Province. the Governor, the Vice-Governor. the Foreign Affairs Office. the Planning Commission. the Sichuan Environmental Protection Bureau and the Construction Commission have all lent their support to the project. The Sichuan Urban Environmental Project Office under the leadership of Lu Qiang, the Deputv Directorof the Construction Commission.Yang Hong Bo. the Project Directorand Shi Yi. the Project Manager and his staff. has plaved a major part in the co-ordination of the efforts of some 40 to 50 separate organisationswho have been involved. In the cities. the Project Management Offices have taken the lead in collecting the mass of data required and co-ordinating the efforts of the individual utilities and their local consultants and have gone out of their way to make all necessary arrangements and meetings for those from the SUEPO. Particularreference is made to the help provided by the following and their staffs: Liu Yucheng Chengdu PMO Cheng Haiquan Deyang PMO YangaDin2ce Leshan PMO Du Zhiwei Luzhou PMO Ao Xuedon_ Neijiang PMO Luo Guangming Zigong PMO The local Water Supply Companies. wastewater specialists. Environmental Sanitation Divisions, Municipal Engineering Bureaux. the city Design Institutes and their local consultants have carried the main load of the wvorkin preparing details of the present facilities and conditions in the cities and in developing the designs presented. In this respect the South West Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute of China and their manv excellent staff. led by Lin Xuehai. have played a major part and have been responsible for producing the hundreds of drawings which form a part of the Feasibility Studies. Acknowledgement is also given to the many other specialist services which have been given to the work, in particular Ding Hou Can and Fang Zhi Li of the Sichuan Research Institute for Environmental Research: the City Statistical Bureaux and others for the help in Social Surveys: Zhou Ke Jiao for the work undertaken on the RAPs. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C- 10 DECEMBER 199X SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECrT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volume; - AppendixC By no means least we would like to acknowledge the continuous help provided by those in SUEPO who have helped with translation, interpretation,tvping and the many lesser functions that have been essential to the smooth running of the project team. Particular credit goes to Cao Yi for her tenacity in seeking data. Finally we would also like to acknowledge the help and guidance of Geoffrey Read and his World Bank team for their encouragement and guidance and the continuous understanding and support of DFID. in particularSusan Ryland Jones and the DFID technical advisers. All of these people and organisations have come together with the one aim of assisting in the sustainable development of the urban infrastructure of Sichuan Province in such a way as to ensure long term. social and environmental improvement. 41367.EA.APPENDIXC C - II DECEMIBER199X SltI(IIAN lilt(IAN t:NVllIt4AN\l.NI l'l%t)J) ( \ - I RNVIO()NMIENTAIL ASSE.SSMElENI 'Ta;ble C.14 Revised Summairiiyof Project Costs (inoimport duty or VAT) _Clieug4Lt tLestuill Zifgolig Deyall, LsiaShll lkazhom uAiou Zigoiig .xshta 'rechlilical Total Ww WW Ww Ww Ws BeiJWS D)axikWS Ws MSW Assistance Project Coiistrtigctionl Cost 406.1 79.5 149.5 161.9 100.8 118.9 61.2 293.4 48.4 * 1419.7 l.and Acquisition &Resettlement 100.8 0.6 8.95 28.6 4.6 2.7 2.4 4.8 8.9 162.4 Power iolilectiogis 6.1 0.5 4.8 2.9 3 2.5 1.4 19.8 0.5 41.5 1Pr-imiieCost 513 80.6 163.3 193.3 108.4 124.2 65 318 57.8 1623.6 Eniginecring Costs 58.7 9.9 19.2 22.4 12.8 15 7.7 38.3 6.7 190.7 Blase Cost 571.7 90.5 182.5 215.7 121.2 139.2 72.7 356.2 64.5 1814.2 Physical Contingencies 85.8 13.6 27.4 32.4 18.2 20.9 10.9 53.4 9.6 272.2 I'rice Contingency 37.2 7.7 13.4 14.2 9 10.7 5.1 28 10.9 136.2 Capital Cost (Mv) 694.6 111.7 223.23 262.3 148.4 170.7 88.6 437.6 85 2222.1 Capital Cost (M US$) 83.7 13.5 26.9 31.6 17.9 20.6 10.7 52.7 10.2 261.7 NtIle: TIImical Assisfalile CosisLIav nolel ver hidilliscd. IiISW figlules flott I:viSeti. balt 4ll'ct ver), Smuall 41.1617t.A TAII Al 1(.14 1 M:(l llIt I9'))x z > A \ l . .> :. .S .| i i t i ._ a~~ ~~ _i _ ~ _-__r~~~ - x eq -_2' wg _ ' ,- - *22W- ~44, 2.,&I X-; i 2--S>='''>$"; ~ _ 4- - - - -=7 :4: .A4., X : _ ~~~~~~-e.-,r r r-_ z~~ ______SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIENT Volume3 - AppendixC ANNEX Project Schematics .41367.EA.APPENDIXC DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUAN URBANESVIRONMFNT PROIECT F\-VRfIp\NIFNTALASSESSM. Leshan Water Supply Project Schematic Qinyvi River Maximum 375 m AD Average 369.5wmAD a Shan El RAwWater Capac:itv ln ke PS this phase:110 o.00 m3 'dav Future capacitv: 220.000 m' f tntalSZk CapaiTy of each pump: dav Mlinimm 36S 650 Vs moAD/ SrN of Pumpsthis phase: 2 duty. I standbY Raiivay (proposed) Road (existinyg) T Nr, 4 NWTW - Gu Li Bs WTW / Capacitv this phase: IO00.000m-' day Fuwnrecapagity: 200.000 fnm'day /\ \ R v J ~~~~~~~~Distribut,ion RA:w PielineI water Pipeline DN800 3. Ikm tong, 11 a:S00! (' mm dia. Lengthnsto be orn;irne Material PPC I large roadcros-sing (pipejiack) \ \ ~~~~~~~~LeshanClty| - \\ | ~~~~~Highlevti -wragt tanks 1 existing. 4 proposed . Dadu River - &raViI" Pipeline - ~-- Pumping Main wB Loan PEUMBF.R 1 SICHUAN URBAgN EENVIRONMEN'T PROJECT ENVIRONMfENTAL ASSESSMENT Luzhou Beijiao Water Supply Project Schematic Design head = 30m Pop. served (1997) = 20.000 Er Dao Go,u Standby Tank Volume: 9.000 m,3 Top Water Level: 383 m AD KEY L300L m Qm' = 10d Q000 lo ooo- rn~~~~~~~~~~G~~CravitvPipelineEitn d ~~Existing ----- Pumping Main Facilitv WB Loan Legh=18km DN 700 Q = 24.000 mJ d Q.s= 34.-00 m-d ...... S Nan Gao Xian Development Zone 460 ha AL 1.k QV3.0m30.000 m3 d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L Length = 1.1 km DL 0 Q, ;42.000m3,d DN 800)r TankLu2hou Cit Tank Tank VWangShan Pine Tanks Nr I & 2 Tan00m'kExistitv N TaNk Volume: 9.000 m3 (2 x 4.500m3) 2.OOOm Existingsuppld Nr I Nr Top Water Level: 382.5 m AD 300,111)md 3 T.W~.L. 330m QA - 24,00(, m' d4I Q,,= L 4-N0I3 m d4% Existing I1 pipelne ~ DN 700 Length = ' 5 km% (DN600() i _. m DN 800 1 Beijiao WTNVPumping Station qs Capacity of each existing pump: 980 - 14X0 m3 h Capacity ot'6 nr. additionzl pumps: 972 - 1440 m' h 4% ,,lHead - vanes PS Yanteze Beijiau %%T%% Phase 1: 50.000 rrimdav Max. 243.89 m AD Phasee WTV a 2 Phase 2: '0.0(0 m' dav Ueijiat. wrw Intake PS Top Vater Level 3176 m Phaise 2 Capavitv: I 0.000 rrJmd / Discharge per pump: 803 15707m' h -I I Nr. DN 1000 Head: vanes (90 - 125 m) Lenygth =50m Existing Nr or I'umps: 2 duty I standby = Steel Mm.Mi n 222.54 m AD Proposed Nr ol'l'umps: 4 duty I standhv - Pump Discharge l.evel: 221.76 m AD , Intake \ ./i \ SICffUA-N URB.AN ENVIRON\[ENT PROJECT EN\IRONIEN\TAL ASSESSENT Luzhou Daxikou Water Supply Project Schematic KIEY Gravitv Pipeline ------Pumping Mamn Faiinit i ll I , lia U ~~~~~~BLuatn Guanshan Tank (tbrmeriv Guanshan U'TtV) Volume: 1.000 m' Tank Top Water Level: 292 m AD I AL.. 5iNewStandby Tank Daxikou WTW Treated WVaterPS ~Volume: 2.000 m3 Phase I Capacity: 50.000 m3-dav Top Water Level: 330 m AD PhaLse2 T\V PS on ceparate sites Pump Discharge: vaies 270-400 I:s Nr ol'Pumps: 3 duty i standby Pump Discharge Level: 270.96 m AD .\1\ PS jr \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~HeXi Development Zone Duxikou *vn U_ Phase 1: M0.000 m3 day Phase I & ': I00.000 m3 day Top Wtter Level = 277.5 m / Maximum - 250. 19 m AD Intake '- ____-' ______Pumping Station Dasikuu '*'TN%'Intake PS Phase I Capacity: 5 5.000 m3 day Minimum :2X X4 m AD Phase I & 2 Capacitv: 110.000 m3 day ,ntake pipe to PS Pump Discharge: 400 1 s DN ¢oPhaseKOO I Nr of Pumps: 2 duty I standhy L = 0i00m Phase I & 2 Nr ot Pumps: 4 duty Istandby \Crad 4.3 1o Intake T Screen DN 1000 Yangtse Length = 2 m 4I36)7.EA.APPENDlXC DFCF\VPrQ ions h jl8 LI CCI*s!. I )N 1(101 1imil I'l'C II IL '.: IL LICCiNISi II IN (70 -8HO II. ilsi It PI)ipc IIIiuLesCalil Si plitDols) 1. -I IIlilCl ICCladcIlCssm,S NtJ ;ii; s tI.' - - Yglaizg1 ;li IIlIump W'I'W (protloscd) 5IBlrauk ICIIsmi,rc 'I';ik Capiaci ty tibis phaI.sc: 120,000 fiII/davd ,K\a;x. 4 III AD Vill.AI j0O III'cIa)liiL 111111ICS InCCIWmCC' piiL 2000 \va' 1 115111 Al) IIglCCtl) i 'I W l'S: lsr lh I suLldby (Soil ICC; IIIt & dfle.evl 3i III loncloplcdi;at }|*e|§si&syA, livlitI 801)in3.hm s,;,,its,, I huliili 20)i I l i 2 II.d (.,iCCiII', I cN900.ILinhiIi&~I-IIIxisfilig1) lu W\ lI(' ;li -J Aj )IDNCI I'iii,ips: 2 LICIIsII'sI Iiliimps: 2 duLIIIl Standby_ C/ Max. 1I) nIII Al)CINk Ih2Nssu Ck rTan sz o A ~~~~~~~~~~~~Vo,l.4000,,,,' 7isii 40I (Still it)Ibe agicrd) ie i4lgC i / CCII i K / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~l:'xiStjijLYc_tl:11ilytiW'I'W Ilittlsk'ClobyItk Z1g1n (it Mi . 2 94 m A D IleMin1:111 24 Id A CaplCIt:ity I C/d upri t)C I4.000 I I Is I N e o e w p u mp : 2 d il y _ C111l.1k.I Fach t' 2800 i!h, Duty licd 26CIn Di)N ')00 I 1 kI 41ig Al)I Ih;aill calry'ig I K:vw Wactc Intakc l'S atCC NixiI l. Yibill C-1I1IN HU,000 ul3/dIy C:itiillciv iiiis phast : 420}Xt1lO.O I oil LI I Fxisfillg D)istlibl,li., t.W':clY;ct *to'c;lc h pumplll 1220{ IS l||i ' i Illliis I Ne 4,11I'lompls: 2 iLhIt! I st;lildb)'( rw) Pha;lse I tt: 2 Nr ti1 'Tamills: 4 dilht Ihl.S;IbYl!\ z lil;sll,£,w l w (ex^simig) 1|,sfn ^iistiily:;;Vil:120,.000 m3ildaly ...... 1 l,ix%Isillg SMIMUrc: Int:.kc tol Xuilhill UO 1; ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~Ni:sftilig %,)Ilrcu11 be umj%-,,ovd (tl mandbily . EU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I:jI,jaICLl;lCipiv this 11hawS: 12/J,0/I/I m3ilday {;Xaxil I l'il.:lil,.sislil" t v I~~~liilc'Lecvel ,341 InI AI)D WHlllllloolall :.ll \\'1z1i1,|& St~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ R.r SICIHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ______Chengdu Interceptor Sewer KEY , Route Schematic !Gravity Pipeline !-- Pumping Main Resettlement WB Loan Existing DN 1000 to Sanwavao W%%TWV (to he retained) Second Ring Road ' Existing DN IX00 [nterceptor Nev Cheng Existing interceptor sewer centre line Ren located 13 m east of road centre line Proposed Interceptor Sewer Road (road width 40 m including cycle lane Design DWF at outlet = 450.000 m3 day and tootpaths) Peak Design Flow at outlet (includes k=1.3) = 5X5.000 m3idav DN I g0o to DN 2400 Precast RC plain end pipe laid on concrete Sha River bedding. 4.X25km long, gradient 0.1°o (cross m trench ) Pipe cover ranges trom 6m to Rm (except 2-3m in Sha river). Ground,.water level approx. 3m below surt:ace c i r N~~~~~~~elvitreptor sewer centre Iline [ i~~~ocatedeact of road centre Ss~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iefrrierrssn DN 2200 Future Intereptor Sewter DN IX00 .___._ Size changeshere DN . ' Railwav - (cross using pipejack 30 m long) Industrial Area New- interceptor sewer Laid in cvclewav ~entreline located 12 m It east ot' road centre line i road width 25 m Netv interceptor sewer centre line loL ted 12 m DN X00 Future Interceptor Sewer south of road centre line (road wdi 25 m following line of proposed Third Ring Road - - ______VWuHo Road (rough unmetalled) _ . ____ Zhou Jia Yuan Zi Hamlet _to be resettled since open trench construction is used) Proposed Chendgu Nr. 2 WwTW 41367.EAVAPPENDINC DECEMBER 199X SICHUA NTURBAN ENV IRONM[ENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTAL ASSESSMENT Deyang Wastewater KE't' Project Schematic Existing Interceptor SUEP Interceptor Existing Inte tor Sewer Size 1.5 x 1.5 7 'oncrete cuiven t /, C7 ent=0.014 _ Existingseswage outfalls converted o emergency overtlows East Central Deyang Devang Drainage Area served xisting and proposed interceptop Outtall trom -/ | | Existing Interceptor Sewer ______* Interceptor Sewer serving east Devang to he built in the tuiture u phaseof WwVT\W Proiposed Interceptor Sewer - Sq. .oncree .ui venr 1.5 x 1.5 m L.ngth 6.7 km Gr(adient= 0.0018 _ Screened overtlow for untreated sewage Devang %wvTNut Tan .Jia You Funi %vwTW . Nominal capacity 100.000 m' d Outfall tbr treated sewage Peak tlow = 130.000 ml d 4 3 7 41 6 .E.-APPENDIXC DECEMBER 199x S1CHEU AN URBAN EN\ I4N\IF.NrT PROJECT ESVIRONMF.ITAI ASSESSxIr'S IXEY -t ~ -' ' SUFEPInterceptor Sewer -- - Leshan - ~pumpingis NainNlain~~ Wastewaler ~~', ~~~Project~ ~ Pumping Future Facilitv Schematlc P Qing YiDirection\ Qing ~~~~~~~~~~~~drainageof Zhu Gong Xi DN 12 CI.1.9 kmn / /j DN SOO.3.1 km 4 % «DN 1250. 2.4 kmfl Sr. I PS j DNS500.0.6 krn / DN 600. 0.6km n X #t DN MStax.Capacitv = 130 700.0. km 2 duty'- I s'byvpumnpS000 m' d j | !in River Nr. 2PS Nia. Capacity, | = 32 000m' d\ 2 dutv I s'bv pumnps PS DN 1500. 2.2 k;n DN 10llO 0.9 km -- Nr. 3 - PS \ | Mlax. Dadu Capacily = 250 3 / Dadu - | 000 m 'd 4 duty - I s'by pumps Xiao Ba 2 Nr. DN 1000 SteelNMaimls. .3 km /9 Temporary Outtall Future Du .jia Chang WVTW Capacit vvhen ( built I1O0.000 in3'dav Peak tlow when built 130.000 ml day Future capacity (20 t1) -X1.OOD m.day Future peak tlow = '34.000 e- day 413rG7. E., A?PP E \DI\ C DECEMIBER 199)" ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMIENT SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRU)NMENT PRVIECT Zigong Wastewvater Project Schematic s Z 4==X1 Z v- - - i I i Z-> M e I I 1 I z~~~~~~~~~~ f~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~ ~ ~ -- -- x ZZ DECEMBER 199" 41367.EA.APPENDNC ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSNIENT SICHUAN URHAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT Leshan Municipal Solid Waste Project Schematic CF o~~~~~~~ __ ,, I -, - 3 3~~~. ,- - _ _ _ -> s ,~~~ - ~~~~~ 7 - 0 0 0~ 410367.EA.APPENDIXC 1998 ~~0 N ~~~N~DCEMBER 41367.EA,APPEN-DIXC~~~~~~~~~~~~ SICHLJANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSFSSMENT Volume3 - Appendices APPENDIX D RELEVANT NATIONAL & PROVINCIAL STANDARDS SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - AppendixD D APPENDIX D - RELEVANT NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS D.1 Environmental Standards for Surface Water Table D.1 Environmental Standards for Surface Water, National Standard GB 3838-88, issued I June 1988 Parameter Unit StreamClassifications I II 11Jil1 IV IV Tmp. J C average inc in summer < 1: avg inc. in winter < 2 pH 6.5-8.5 6-9 Sulphate mg/I 250 Chloride Img2l 250 Fe mail 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 Mn mg l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0 Cu mg:I 0.01 1.0(fish 0.01) 1.0(fish 0.01) 2.0 2.0 Zn M_l 0.05 1 _0(fish0._1) 1.0(fish 0._1) 2.0 2.0 Nitrate m2N/l 10 10 20 20 25 Nitrite mgN/I 0.06 0.1 0.15 1.0 1.0 Ammonia mgNil 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.2 0.2 Kjeld. N mgN/i 0.5 0.5 1 2 2 Total P mgzP'1 0.02 0.1(lake.025) 0.I(take 0.05) 0.2 0.' CODlMni mzil 2 4 6 8 10 Oxygen mg/I > 90%,osat. 6 52 COD(Cr [ mgel 15 15 15 20 25 BOD5 fmgEI 3 4 6 i0 Fluoride l m,! I 1 1.5 1.5 Se mel 0.01 0.01 0.01 002 0.02 As m2:I 0.05 1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 Hge mg.' 0.00005 10.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 Cd mIlM 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 Cr-6 meil 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Pb mall 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cyanide me.' 1 0.005 .05(fish .005) 0.2(fish .005) 0.2 0.2 Phenols me/I 1 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Oils mgil 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 Detergents mel 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 J0.3 E. coli noil - 10.000 - PAH |mgXl X 102.5 | 2.5 X 10 - 2.5 X 10- SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume - Appendix D D.2 INTEGRATEDWASTEWATER DISCHARGE STANDARD Issued by the state Technique Supervision Bureau in 1996-10-04. Into force 1998-01-01 Preface This standard is a revised edition of GB 8978-88." 1ntearatedWastewater Discharge Standard". The major revised scope is: proposeda vear-limit standard instead of the classificationof existing enterprises and new (or reconstructedor extended)enterprises. The year-limit standard indicatestwo period sections which means the enterprises constructedbefore 1997-12-31must follow the standard in first period section and the enterprisesconstructed after 1998-01-01must follow the standard in second period section. For the application range of this standard. it has been defined that the integrated discharge standard can not be implementedalternately with trade dischargestandard, thus the wastewater from paper making industries, shipping industries.sea petroleum development.textile and dyeing & finishing industries,meat processing industries,synthetic ammonia industries. iron-steel industries,weapon industries,phosphorus fertilizer industries.etc. must comply with correspondingtrade discharge standard,and the wastewaterfrom other enterprises or institutionsmust compiv with this standard. Except the enterprises mentionedabove, there included 17 trade dischargestandards that have been issued before. Compared with original standard.the standard values of this standard in the first periodsection are same with original values. In order to control the pollutants discharged from 17 trades whom wastewater discharge standardhave been revised in this standard. IO parameters have been added into this standard. At the second period section, 40 parametershave been added and the highest allowable concentrationsof COD. BOD, etc. are stricter than original standards. This standard will go into effect from the date of 1998-01-01and the following standards will be replaced: GB8978-88 lntezrated WasteNvaterDischarge Standard GBJ48-83 Hospital WastewvaterDischarge Standard GB3545-83 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Beet Sugar Refinerv Industrv GB3546-83 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Cane Sugar Refinery Industrv GB3547-83 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard for Synthetic Fatty Acid Industrv GB3548-83 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard for Svnthetic Detergent Industrv GB3549-83 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Leather Making Industrv GB3550-83 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Petroleum Development Industry GB3551-83 IndustrialPollutant Discharge Standard for Oil Refinery Industry GB3553-83 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Film Production Industrv GB4280-84 IndustrialPollutant Discharge Standard for Chromic Salt Production Industry GB4281-84 Wastewater Discharge Standard for Chemical Petroleum Industrv GB4282-84 IndustrialPollutant Discharge Standard for Sulfuric Acid Industrv GB4283-84 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard for Yellow Phosphorus Production Industrv GB4912-85 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard for Light Metal Production Industry GB4913-85 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard forNon-ferrous Metai Industrv GB4916-85 Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard for Asphalt Production Industrv GB5469-85 Wastewater Discharge Standard Train Washing Appendixes A, B. C and D are the official text. This standard was first issued in 1973 and first revised in 1988. The national EnvironmentalProtection Bureau is responsible for interpretingthis standard. SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D This standard is specially drawn up to implementthe Chinese EnvironmentalProtection Law, Chinese Water Pollution Control Law and Chinese Sea ProtectionLaw. controlthe water pollution. protect waterquality in rivers. lakes. streams, reservoirs and seas. ensure human health. maintain the ecosystem and promote the development of state economv and urban construction. 1. The main componentsand application range of the standard 1.1 Main components The standard includes the highest allowable discharged concentrationsof 69 parameters and the highest allowable water dischargeamount for some trades. 1.2 Applicationrange The application range of the standard is wastewater discharge management, EIA, design for construction.supervision and monitoring. Accordingto the implementationprincipal of this integrateddischarge standard of which the integrated dischargestandard can not be implementedalternatelv with trade discharge standard.the wastewaterfrom paper making industries.shipping industries.sea petroleum development. textile and dyeing & finishing industries,meat processing industries,svnthetic ammonia industries. iron- steel industries.weapon industries. phosphorus fertilizer industries. etc. must comply with corresponding trade discharge standard. and the wastewaterfrom other enterprises or institutions must comply with this standard. 1.3 After this standard issued,the trades which have the new wastewater discharge standard must comply with correspondingdischarge standard and do not impiementthis standard. 2. Other standards quoted in this standard Besides the standardparameter values used in this standard the following other standard are quoted in this standard: GB3097-82 Sea water qualitv GB3838-88 Surface water quality GB8703-88 Regulationof radiation protection 3. Definitions 3.1 Wastewater:means the water dischareed from production processes and living activities. 3.2 Water discharee amount: means the amount of water discharged from production processes. which do not cover coolina water. boiler water and outlet from hydropowerstations. 3.3 All wastewaterdischarge institutions:means the institutionsare covered in this standard. 3.4 Other wastewater discharge institutions: means the institutions excepted the trades listed in this standard.? 4. Technical scope 4.1 Classification 4.1.1 Wastewater discharged to class Ill surface water (GB3838-88) or to class 2 seawaters (GB3097) must comply with the class I wastewater discharge criteria this standard SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMvlENT Volume 3 - Appendix D 4.1.2 Wastewater dischareed to class IV and V surface water (GB3838-88) or to class 3 seawater (GB3097) must compiv with the class 2 wastewater dischargecriteria of this standard. 4.1.3 Wastewaterdischarged to wastewatertreatment plant through urban sewer systems must compIV with the class 3 wastewaterdischarge criteria of this standard. 4.1.4 Wastewaterdischarged to urban sewer svstems with which the wastewater treatment plant has not been constructed yet must comply with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 regulationsaccording to the water qualitv classifications. 4.1.5 Avoid constructin2new wastewater outlet to class I and 11surface waters and class 1 seawaters. Existingwastewater outlet must follow he pollutant macro-controlregulations to ensure that the received water quality can meet the stipulated water qualitv standard. 4.2 Standardvalues 4.2. I The standard covers two kinds of pollutants accordingto character and control. 4.2.1.1 Class I pollutants(table 1) means that the pollutants which are made no distinction between whateverenterprises and whateverthe direction of wastewaterdischarges or whatever classification of water quality must comply with the highest allowableconcentration on wastewater discharge outlet. 4.2. 1.2 Class 2 pollutants(table 2) means that wastewaterquality should meet the standard parameter values at the point of wastewvateroutlet. 4.2.2 This standardstipulates the highest allowable concentrationsfor class I and class 2 pollutants and highest water dischargeamount for some trades accordingto the year-iimit standard: 4.2'.1 For constructions before 1997-12-31 the wastewater pollutantsshould meet the criteria in table 1.2.3. 4.2.2.2 For constructions after 1998-01-01the pollutantsshould meet the criteria in table 1.4 and 5. 4.2.2.3 The date of construction is the date in the EIA report. 4.3 Other regulations 4.3.1 If two or more outlets occur to the same river station. then the discharge standard should follow Appendix A to calcuLiate. 4.3.2 The highest allowable pollutants discharge load for the industrycan be calculated according to Appendix B. 4.3.3 The annual total amount of discharged pollutant can be calculated according to Appendix C. 4.3.4 Radioactive vastewatershould follow both this standard and GB8703-88. S. Monitoring 5.I Sampling station Sampling stations should be located according to the regulations of class land 2 pollutants discharge outlet described in 4.2.1 .1 and 4.2. 1.2. The wastewater outlet should be marked and water flow meters should be equipped. SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixD 5.2 Sampling frequencv Wastewatersampling frcquencv is determined according to industrial production period. If the production period is in 8 hrs the sampling frequencv should be I time/ 2 hrs. and if the production period is more than 8 hrs the sampiing frequency should be I .time / 4 hrs. For other kinds of wastewater. the sampling frequency should be more than 2 times / 24 hrs. The highest allowable concentration should be calculated according to dailv average concentration of pollutants. 5.3 Wastewaterdischarge value The discharged volumes of wastewater are calculatedaccording to the highest allowable water discharge or lowest water recvcling rate usually in t / month. 5.4 Date statistics The amount of (raw material and products) production should be statistic according to monthlv and annual production reports. 5.5 Analytical methods The analytical methods adopted in this standard are shown in table 6. Supervision and enforcementof the standard 6.1 The standard is supervised and implementedbv the governmentabove the countv level (including county government). 6.2 If this standard can not improve local water qualitv when it is implemented.the provincial {governmentcan draw up local discharge standard which should be stricter than this standard in order to meet surface water quality'standard, and should report to national government. Table 1 Highest Allowable Concentrationof Class 1 Pollutants No Parameters Highestallowable concentration ( mril) I Total- Ha 0.05 2 H_ aikyl Maynot be detectedout 3 Total - Cd 0.1 4 Total- Cr 1.5 ; Cr° 0.5 6 Total - As 0.5 7 Total- Pb 1.0 8 Total - Ni 1.0 0 Benzopyrene 0.00003 10 Total- Be 0.005 i I Total - Ag 0.5__ I Total- Aradioactive IBqil 13 Total- Aradioative lOBqI SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D Table 2 Highest AllowableConcentration of Class 2 Pollutants (Unit: mg/ I) ( For construction before 1997-12-31) No Parameter Application range Class I |Class 2 Class 3 pH All wastewater discharge institutions 6 - 9 6 - 9 6 -9 2. -- Color Colorant industries: 50 180 - (dilution times) Other polluters: 50 80 - 3 SS Mineral separation: 100 300 - Gold mine: 100 300 - Sand gold separation: 100 800 - Urban WWTPs 20 30 Other polluters: 70 200 - 4 BOD5 Cane sugar. fiber board etc.: 30 100 600 Beet sugar. alcohol. leather etc.: 30 150 600 Urban WWTPs: 20 30 - Other polluters: 30 60 300 5 COD Cane sugar, fiber board etc.: 100 200 1000 Beet sugar. alcohol. leather etc.: 100 300 1000 Oil chemical industries: 100 150 500 Urban WWTPs: 60 120 - ______Other polluters: 100 150 500 6 Oil All wastewater discharge institutions 10 10 30 7 Plant and animal oil IAII wastewater discharge institutions 2o 20 100 8 Phenol All wastewater discharge institutions 0.3 0.5 2.0 9 CN- Film production: 0.5 5.0 5.0 Other polluters: 0.5 0.5 1.0 10I S- All wastewater discharae institutions 1.0 1.0 2.0 NH;-N Mvedicine.colourant. oil: 15 50 ______Other polluters: 15 25 - 12^ F Yellow phosphorus: I0 20 20 Lower F contain area ( F < 0.5 ma/I): 10 20 30 Other polluters: 10 10 20 13 Phosphate JAII wastewater discharge institutions 0.5 1.0 - 14 Formaldehvdes IAII wastewater discharge institutions 1.0 2.0 5.0 15 Anilines JAll wastewater discharge institutions 1.0 2.0 5.0 16 Nitrobenzene JAII wastewater discharge institutions 2.0 3.0 5.0 17 LAS rSvntheticdetergent: 5.0 15 10 ______|Other polluters: 5.0 10 20 r 181 Total - Cu All wastewater discharge institutions 0.5 1.0 2.0 19 Total - Zn All wastewater discharge institutions 2.0 5.0 5.0 Total - Mn Synthetic fattv acid: 20 5.0 5.0 Other polluters: 2.0 20 5.0 2I Color developer Film production ' 0 3 0 5.0 2 Total amount of Film production 3.0 6.0 6.0 developer and oxides 23 Element P All wastewater discharge institutions 0.1 0.3 0.3 24 Organic P- All wastewater discharge institutions N.D 0.5 0.5 pesticides 25 E-coli Normal hospitals (>50 beds): 500/I 1000/1 J000/I SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMIENT Volume 3 - Appendix D _Hosptal for infectious diseases: 100/1 50011 1 000/1 26 Chlorine residue |Normal hospitals (>50 bcds): <0.5 3 >2 {Hospital for infectious diseases: <0.5 >6.5 >S Table 3 Highest Allowable Water DischargeAmount for Some Trades For constructions before 1997-1 --3 1) N Type of production Highest allowable water discharge o amount or lowest allowable water recycled rate 1 Mining Industries: Non-ferrous metal separation 75% water recvcled Other mining industries 90% water recvcled ( coal) Vein gold separation: Gravity separation 16.0 rn3/ton ore Buoyancv separation 9.0 m3 / ton ore Cvanide process separation 8.0 m3 / ton ore Carbonize separation 8.0 ni ton ore 2 Coking production ( coal gas production) 1. mlton coke 3 Non-ferrous metal smelting and processing 80% water recvcled 4 Petroleum refining industries: A. with the fuel oil production >5 mill. t. 1.0 mint crude oil 2.5-5 mill. t. 1.2 m7! t crude oil <2.5 mill. t. 1.5 m, t crude oil B. withthe fuel -lubricatinmoil production >5 mill. t. 1.5 m3/t crude oil .5-S mill. t. .0m3,t crude oil <2.5 mill. t. 2.0m1/t crude oil C. with the fuellubricating-chemical oil >5 mill. t. .Om3/t crude oil Production 2.5-5 mill. t. 2.5m/ t crude oil <2.5mill. t. 2.5m-' t crude oil 5 Svnthetic detergent production: Alkylbenzene produced by chloridization method 200 m3, t alkyibenzene Alkylbenzene produced by splitting method 70.0 m' / t alkvibenzene Detergent produced b usina alkylbenzene 10.0m' /t product 6 Svnthetic fattv acid industries 200.0 m- / t product 7 Fiber panel production 30.0 m3 I t product 8 Sugar making industries: Cane sugar production 10.0 m' / t cane Beet suigarproduction 4.0 m /t beet 9 Leather industries: Wet and salt pihrskin 60.0 m3 / t raw leather Drv cow leather i 00.0 m3 / t raw leather Dry sheepskin 150.0 m3 / t raw leather 10 Fermenting and brewing industries: Ethyl alcohol industries: Use maize as the raw material 100.0 m- / t ethvl alcohol Use potato as the raw material 80.0 m; / t ethvl alcohol Use molasses as the raw material 70.0 m3/ t ethvl alcohol Gourmet powder industries 600.0 m; / t Beer factories 16.0 m3 / t beer I I'Zf7 PA .PP1 \ TiTrVn - SICHUAN URB.N ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D 11 Chromic salt industries 5.0 mr / t product 12 H2S04 production 15.0mrnit H,SO4 13 Boiled-off ramie production 500 m' /t raw ramie or 750 m' / t drv ramie 14 Chemical fiber pulp factories Grev goods: 150 m' / t pulp . ______Bleaching_goods: 240 m '/t pulp 15 Simple fiber production: Short fiber products 300 m' / t fiber Long fiber products 800 m3 / t fiber 16 Train washing 5.0 m' / carriage 17 Develop film 5.0 m' / 1000m35mmfilm 18 Asphalt industries 95% cooling water recycled Table 4 HighestAllowable Concentrationof Class 2 Pollutants (Unit: mg/ I) For constructionafter 1998-01-01) N Parameter | Application range Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 1 pH All wastewater discharge institutions 6 - 9 6 - 9 6 - 9 2 Color All wastewater discharge institutions 50 80 ____ (dilution times) __ 3 SS Mineral separation: 70 300 - Gold mine: 70 400 - Sand gold separation: 70 800 - Urban WWTPs 20 30 - ______Other polluters: 70 150 400 4 3BOD; Cane sugar. fiber board etc.: 20 60 600 Beet sugar. alcohol. leather etc.: 20 100 600 Urban WWTPs: 20 30 - Other polluters: 20 30 300 5 COD Cane sugar, fiber board etc.: 100 200 1000 Beet sugar, alcohol, leather etc.: 100 300 1000 Oil chemical industries: 60 i10 500 Urban WWTPs: 60 120 - Other polluters: 100 150 500 6 Oil All wastewater discharge institutions _ I0 20 .7 Plant and animal oil All wastewaterdischarze institutions I10 15 100 8 Pheniol iAll wastewater discharge institutions 0.5 0.; 2.0 9 CN j All xvastewaterdischarge institutions 0.5 5.0 1.0 10 S__ All wastewater discharge institutions 1.0 1.0 1.0 I1I NWH-,-N Medicine. colourant. oil: 15 50 - Other polluters: 15 25 - 12 F Yeilow phosphorus: 10 15 20 Lower F contain area ( F < 0.5 mg/l): 10 20 30 Other polluters: 10 10 20 13 Phosphate All wastewater discharge institutions 0.5 1.0 - 1T4 Formaidehvdes All wastewater discharee institutions 1.0 2.0 5.0 15 Anilines .Aldwastewater discharge institutions 1.0 2.0 5.0 16 Nitrobenzene All wastewater discharge institutions 2.0 3.0 5.0 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMvIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESShlENT Volume 3 - Appendix D 17 LAS All wastewater discharge institutions 5.0 10 20 18 Total - Cu All wastewaterdischarge institutions 0.5 1.0 2.0 Total - Zn All wastewater discharae institutions 2.0 5.0 5.0 20 Total - Mn Synthetic fattv acid: 2.0 5.0 5.0 Other polluters: 2.0 2.0 5.0 2 1 Color developer Film production 1.0 2.0 3.0 .212 Total amount of Film production 3.0 3.0 6.0 developerand oxides 23 Element P All wastewater discharge institutions 0.1 0.] 0.3 24 Organic P-pesticides All wastewater discharge institutions N.D 0.5 0.5 25 Rogor All wastewater discharge institutions N.D 1.0 2.0 26 Parathion All wastewater discharge institutions N.D 1.0 2.0 27 Methvl parathion All wastewater discharge institutions N.D 1.0 2.0 28 Malathion All wastewaterdischarge institutions N.D 5.0 10 29 Santobrite All wastewater discharge institutions 5.0 8.0 10 30 AOX All wastewater discharge institutions 1.0 5.0 8.0 31 CHCI: All wastewater discharge institutions 0.3 0.6 1.0 32 CCI- All wastewater discharge institutions 0.03 0.06 0.5 33 HC2CIl. All wastewater discharge institutions 0.3 0.6 1.0 34 C2C14 All wastewater discharge institutions 0.1 0.2 0.5 35 Benzene All wastewater discharge institutions 0.1 0.2 0.5 . . A6 .. 53 Se | wastewater discharge institutions 0.1 0.2 0.5 .. ~ ~~...... 54 E-coli Normal hospitals (>50 beds): 500/1 1000/1 5000/1 Hospital for infectious diseases: 100/1 50011 1000/1 _5 Chlorine residue Normal hospitals (>50 beds): <0.5 >, >2 Hospital for infectious diseases: <0.5 >6.5 >5 56 TOC Svnthetic fatty acid industries: 20 40 - Boiled-off ramie production 20 60 Other polluters: 20 30 Table 5 Highest AllowableWater Discharge Amount for Some Trades For construction after 1998-01-01) N Tvpe of production Highestallowable water discharge o amount or lowest allowable water recvcled rate I Mining Industries: Non-ferrous metal separation 75% water recycled Other minin2 industries 90% water recvcied ( coal) Vein gold separation: Gravity separation 16.0 m3 /ton ore Buoyancy separation 9.0 m- / ton ore Cvanide process separation 8.0 m- / ton ore Carbonizeseparation 8.0 m' / ton ore 2 Coking production ( coal gas production) 1.2 mrlton coke Non-ferrous metalsmelting and processing 80%water recvcled .4 t *^ PA Appr\nlYn r o- SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMlENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D 4 Petroleum refining industries: A. with the fuel oil production >5 mill. t. 1.0 m / t crude oil 2.5-5 mill. t. 1.2 m;/ t crude oil <2.5 mill. t. 1.5 m-' t crude oil B. wviththe fuel -lubricating oil production >5 mill. t, 1.5 rn;/ t crude oil 2.5-5 mili. t. 2.0m7/ t crude oil <2.5 mill. t. 2.0m3/t crude oil C. with the fuel+lubricating+chemical oil Production >5 mill. t, '.Om;/ t crude oil 2.5-5 mill. t, 2.5m;/ t crude oil <2.5 mill. t. 2.5m;/ t crude oil 5 Synthetic detergent production: Alkvlbenzene produced by chloridization method 200 m 3 t alkvlbenzene Alkylbenzene produced by splitting method 70.0 m' /t alkvlbenzene Detergent produced bv using alkylbenzene 10.0 m / t product 6 Synthetic fattn acid industries 200.0mr / t product 7 Fiber panel production 30.0 m3 / t product 8 Sugar making industries: Cane sugar production 10.0 m/ t cane Beet sugar production 4.0 m / t beet 9 Leather industries: Wet and salt pigskin 60.0 m3 / t raw leather Drv cow leather 100.0 m3 / t raw leather Dry sheepskin 150.0 m3 / t raw leather 10 Fermenting and brewing industries: Ethvl alcohol industries: Use maize as the raw material 100.0 m3 / t ethyl alcohol Use potato as the raw material 80.0 m3 / t ethvl alcohol Use moiasses as the raw material 70.0 m It ethvl alcohol Gourmet powder industries 600.0 m 3/ t Beer factories 16.0 m t beer 11 Chromic salt industries 5.0 m / t product 12 H 2 S0 4 production 15.0 m I t H2S0 4 13 Boiled-off ramie production 500 m / t raw ramie or 750 m / t drv ramie 14 Chemical fiber pulp factories Grev goods:1O0 mr / t pulp Bleaching goods:240 m '!t pulp 15 Simple fiber production: Short Fiberproducts 300 m /t fiber Long fiber products 800 mi I/t fiber 16 Medicine production: Penicillin 4 700 m- / t product Streptomvcin 1450 m-i / t product Terramvcin 1300 m / t product Teteracyciine 1900 m- / t product Lincomvcinum 9200 m / t product Aureomvcin 3000 m' !t product Gentamvcin 20400 m3 / t product Vitamin C 1200 mi/ t product Nalectin chloromycetin 2700 m3 / t product 17 Organic P-fertiliser industries: Roeor 700 mi / t product Methvl parathion 300 mi / t product ,. flOC'0flt,jr r-s Sn^ nrc'r .... _ SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONtvIENTALASSESSMlENT Volume 3 - Appendix D Parathion (bv P2S5 method) 300 m' / t product Parathion (bv PSCl3 method ) 550 m3 / t product DDV 200 mS it product Dipterex 40 m' /t product Malathion 700 m; / t product 18 Weed killer agent factories: Nitroten 5 m It product Santobrite 2 m3/ t product 19 Electric power station (Coal) 3.5 m- It MW.h 20 Train washing 5.0 m' / carriage 21 Develop film 5.0 m- / IOOOm35mmfilm 22 Asphalt industries 95% cooling water recvcled D.3 EPB Standard GB 4284-84 Standard for Sewage Sludge Used in Agriculture Table I. Maximum permissibleconcentration of toxic elements (Table I of Stds) Constituent Maximum permissibleconcentration I (mg/kg) ! pH<6.5 pH>6.5 Cadmium 5 j 20 vlercury 5 1 15 Lead 300 1.000 ChlromiumIII 600 1.000 Arsenic 75 75 * Boron 150 ! 150 Mineral Oil 3.000 3.000 Copper 250 I 500 * Zinc o500 1.000 Nickel i 100 r 20 D.4 EPB Standard C.J3025-93 Wastewater and Sludge Disposal Standard for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Issued: 93-07-17 Effective:94-01-01 Discharge Standards in mg/I (Table 1 of Std.) I No. I Parameter Preliminary Treatment Secondarv Less than x % Removal Treatment mg/I _ jBTu.{\ *\PPENDIXD D-l I DECEMBER 199x SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixD I pH 6.5 - 8. |6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 2 TSS 1120 400 o 3 I BODi tl0 30 0i 1_4_ CODcr, 250 30 L 120 Color | j S0so- 16 oil - 60 Pheniols - - I 8 Cyanide - o0.5 9 _ Sulphuret? T I i 0 Fluoride - IS I I Phenomine? - I - 3 [12'- !Cu iI!_ _ - 133 Zn - 5 14 Total Hg - 0.05 5 i Total Pb I 16 TotalCr - - 1.5 17 Cr° - T - 0.5 18 I' Total Ni -. - , 179- Total Cd - j - 0.1 20 I Total As - - 0.5 D.5 EPB Standard CJ 3020-93 Water Qualitv Standards for Drinking Water Sources Issued: 93-08-02 Effective: 94-01-01 Drinking Water Sources (Table 1 of std.) Parameter 1 Treated Water 3 Raw Water Suppiv Color NNone appearincg Without stranae appearance Turbidit1 Less than or equal to 3 Odor None appearing Withoutstrange stinking taste pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 Calcium carbonate Less than or equal to Less than or equal to 450 hardness 350 Fe Less than or equal to Less than or equal to 0.5 0.3 Treated Water Qualitv (Table 2 of Std.) 41367.EA.APPENDIXD) D-12 DFCPFPBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D No. Parameter Standard Limit Number Rank I Supply Rank It Supply (Less than or equal to) (Less than or equal to) I 1 Mn 0:1 0.l 2 Cu 1.0 1.0 3 Zn 1.0 1.0 4 Phenol 0.002 0.004 5 LAS 0.3 0.3 6 Sulphate 250 250 7 Chloride 250 250 8 Dissolved Solids 1000 1000 9 Fluoride 1.0 1.0 I 0 Cvanide 0.05 0.05 II As 0.05 0.05 12 Se 0.01 0.01 13 Hg 0.001 0.001 14 Cd 0.01 0.01 15 Cr~0 0.05 0.05 16 Pb 0.05 0.07 17 Ag 0.05 0.05 18 Be 0.0002 0.0002 19 Ammonia 0.5 1.0 0 Nitrate 10 20 21 KMnO.j 3 6 2I PAH 0.01 0.01 23 DDT I 24 666 5 5 25 0.01 0.01 26 Phenols 1000 10000 '7l Total alpha radioactivitv 0.1 0.1 28 Total beta radioactivity I I D.6 Sichuan Provincial Local Standard DB 51/190-93 The Discharge Standard for Water Pollutants Issued 17 December 1993, Enforced after 1 April 1994 Principle: From the decided river class (A.B.C) and the protection status of the surface water the discharge class of the individual polluter is decided according to the following table. The discharge class also depends on whether the discharge is new or existing: 41367.l:\.\PPENI)IXD D-13 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix D River Protection Status Discharge Class Class New Existing Enterprise Enterprise A Key Area 2 Normal Area B Key Area 3 Normal Area 3 4 C Key Area 2 4 Normal Area 4 5 Maximum concentrations of selected, common pollutants in wastewater discharges for each discharge class are as follows: Pollutant | Class Class Class Class Class Class 1j 2 3 4 5 6 pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 Colour 50 60 70 80 100 - SS 70 100 150 200 250 400 mg/Il BOD 30 50 60 70 80 300 me/Il COD (Cr) 100 120 150 170 200 500 m--/l__ _ _ _ Oil. petrol. 10 112' 15 18 20 30 m_/l I_ Oil. biol. 20 5 30 35 40 100 mg/l Phenol 0.5 0.75 0.75 1.0 1.0 2.0 Cvanide 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 Sulphide 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 mg/l Fluoride mwl j10 15 20 25 30 20 Chioride 300 350 400 500 600 1000 m -/ Ammonium 15 20 25 30 40 - mu/l I Total P 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 2.0 |mP/I P04 mgP/I 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 - t t L flft)t\rfN , . .,V? A SICFIUAN l!RBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volime 3 - Appenidices APPENDIXE POTENTIALIMPACTS, MITIGATION & MONITORINGMANAGEMENT PLANS SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJEc T ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE APPENDLXE POTENTIAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION & MONITORING MANAGEMENT PLANS 1. Introduction Impacts. Mitigation and MonitoringaManagemnentPlan?s Appendix E describes the environmental impacts for each project component. the mitigation measures planned to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. together with the monitoring type and responsible agencies for each mitigation measure. Details are given as follows: Positive impacts (local. basin) Potential short term construction impacts. mitigation and monitoring Potential operational phase impacts, mitigation and monitoring Responsible.gencies The following coding is used to identifythe organisation responsible: a. Provincial Construction Commission (implementedby P.M.O.) b. Provincial EPB c. City Construction Commission d. Citv EPB e. City Wastewater Company f. Cirv Urban Drainage Corporation Project Conmponzents The project components are described in the following order. El: Leshan Water Supplv Project E2: Ziaong Water Supply Project E3: Luzhou Beijiao Water Supplv Project. E4: Luzhou Daxikou Water Supply Project E5: Chengdu Wastewater Project E6: Leshan Wastewater Project E7: Devang Wastewater Project E8: Zigong Wastewater Project E9: Leshan Municipal Solid Waste Project 41367.EA.API'ENDIXE E-1 DECEMBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumc 3 - Appcndix E E I Leshan Nr 4 WTW E 1.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) Fater Supply Quality and dAvailabilitv Although Leshan is located at the junction of three major river svstems, the treated and potable water supplv svstems are inadequate for current or projected needs of the City. The per capita consumption is currently 148 l/dav (although the quantity available to consumers may be much lower). and the urban service area is expanding. The urban supply is supplemented bv industries that also suppiv some domestic water. This project will supplv criticaliv needed potable water which will allow the per capita availabilityto rise, the service area to expand. and the exploitation of economic development opportunities. Sanitation and Public Health The supply of raw water from the Qingyi River will allow discontinuation of the use of the Min River as a domestic water source. This eliminates a polluted source of water supply and the attendant problems associated with treating this source water. It will allow higher baseflows to be maintained in the Min River through Leshan. and this will provide higher flows for dilution of domestic and industrial discharges. Economic Development The supply of adequate municipal water is a minimum need for allowingthe city to grow and develop economicallyinto the future. E 1.2 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 1.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Compensation The Leshan water project will require 94 mu of land. 4 mu for the intake and 90 mu for the WTW. Onlv one household will require resettlement. No people will require new emplovment. The RAP includes cost for the temporary and permanent land. temporarv and permanent agricultural damage. and demolition cost. The compensationand resettlement plan will be implemented by City municipal government. Demolition/Spoils There is minimum demolition required for this project component and the issue has been covered in the RAP for the project. As the plant site has been levelled before the project constructionl.no problems of arable land loss. vegetation damage and notable soil erosion. While the construction of intake will cause some land loss and vegetation damage. For the intake station construction. 4 mu (0.26 ha) of land (non-arable land) will be purchased. 25 clumps of bamboo. 180 mulberrv trees. and 212 fruit trees will be cut down. The construction of the raw water transmission main will occupy 930 m2 (1.5 mu) of fishpond. The temporal land disturbance for it will involve 3.13 ha (1 7 mu) of land. damage 52 clumps of bamboo. 31 fruit trees and 46 clumps of grape. 41367.E.-\.APPENDIXE E-2 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN UR1BANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volumei - AppendixE The project sites will be located at the juncture of urban and rural areas. No rare or preserved animal or plant species at national or provincial protection level will be affected. No old or larze trees are in the areas affected by the project construction. The sites are far from the nature preserves and scenic spots. Therefore no adverse impact on them is expected during construction. Duringthe project construction.spoil or debris will be generated during three stages: (1) During the plant construction, some 40 000 m3 of spoil will be generated in the excavationof sedimentation tanks. clean water reservoir and other tanks. (2) During the intake construction.some 10 000 m- of spoil will be generated in ground levelling. (3) During the transmission main construction, about 1 800 m' of spoil will be generated in pipeline laying. A total of more than 51 800 m3' of spoil will be generated in the constructionof the project. According to the urban plan of Leshan city, a low-lving land of 3 km2 at Baivangba in the northern suburb of the central district will be filled and levelled to a thickness of 1.9 m, requiring a total of 5.7 million m; of soil and rock. Spoil and construction wastes will be transported to this site which is about 4 - 5 km awav from the project sites. SRIEP has inspected the disposal site and found no special environmental problems or issues related to this proposed site. Noise and Dutst Heavv load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emitting significant noise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB(A). The noise impact shoLildnot be significant since they will only operate in the daytime. thev are less frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadwavs. and the sites are not near urban areas. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Limiting construction to the daytime hours will mitigate noise problems. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour in many cases so dust and noise will be minimised. During the construction operation of construction equipment and the running of vehicles will generate noise. The noise levels will depend on the tvpes and numbers of machines and vehicles. Generallv their noise ievels range from 80 to 90 dB(A). The construction noise will have adverse impact on people living near the construction site or along the highway. In order to meet the requirements specified bv Boundarv Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GBI 2523-90)- night-timneconstruction activities will be prohibited. with the use of trucks and equipment prohibited bv 23:00 hr each dav (except for road crossings which mav be allowed to milimise daytime construction impacts). If it is necessary to utilise groundwater pumps. thev will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especialiv important for night-time dewatering. Mitigation measures will be required as well as monitoring. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-3 DECEMvBER1998 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT l'ROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Management practices are recommended to minimise erosion and runoff from storage piles and for site clean up after construction is compieted. The proposed water treatment works will be located in the development zone of the citv. There are residential areas about 100 m south-west of the WTW site. A 10 m high hill lies between the WTW site and the residences and this provides a good sound barrier. Construction noise should not significantlv affect the residents. A sanatorium is located south of the intake site. separated bv a wall. The sanatorium area has a long rectangular shape. from north to south. The residential area of the sanatorium lies in the middle and southern parts of the building. The sanatorium has a small self-operated water treatment wDrks at the northern end of its site. more than 100 m from its residential area. West of the intake is the Qingyi River. Besides the sanatorium. no other noise sensitive points are within 100 m of the intake site. In addition the site lies in a low hillv area not beneficial to the propagation of sound. Thus the construction of the intake should not cause significant adverse impact on the acoustic environment. Dust emitted from house dismantling and building constructionof the plant will have adverse impact on the environment. In addition. activities such as pipe laving, earthwork and filling also generate flying dust and cause air pollution. However. the impact of flving dust will be temporary. localisedand limited to the construction period. Transportation There are minimal road crossings required and operational and scheduling plans have been developed to minimise traffic impacts. Noise concerns normaliv would limit construction to the davtime but road crossines will be allowed at night to minimise traffic disruption on this major highway. Safety Issues The pipe trenches will be excavated by hand through existing sand and gzravelstrata that will require wide. battered, trenches to protect against trench collapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. Putblic Flacilities A few rock carvings were noted along the walking path section of the pipeline route. however. they are reported to not have anv si2nificance. Although the construction of the intake and WTW has no measurable impact on public facilities. the laying of transmission pipeline will disrupt 144 m2 of asphalt highway. 108 mz of concrete roadway leading to the treatment plant. 300 locations of river slope protection. and 4 telecommunication facilitv locations. The relative compensation plan has been drawn up. Doniestic Wa.qstewcater During the construction phase. about 200 workers will be working in the construction sites. Except for some technical workers, most of them will be local residents. they will have their existing places to eat and sleep. Therefore no new domestic wastewater discharge is expected. Technical workers will probably stav at small inns in adjacent towns or townships, so no new pollution sources will be created. 41367.EA.APPI:NDIXE E-4 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE E 1.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 1.1 Raw water supplv source, intake structure PotentialImpacts Mlitigation leasures M1onitoringType Responsible I ______I__ _ _ Agencies Constructionof watersupply Constructionbest management practices Visual.dailv logs c.d intake (BNvlPs) Table E 1.2 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission PotentialImpacts Mlitieation Measures .MonitoringType Responible Relocationsand land Detaiiedand sufficient RAPs and Surveys.visual c conversion replacement Streamand drainage BMPsand protection Weekl[ inspections. d crossings complaints I Debrisdisposal ContractproN isions Visualand truck logs c Table E 1.3 Water Treatment Works Site I otentialImpacts MitigationMleasures MNonitoringType Responsible Relocationsand land Detailedand sufficient RAPs and Surveys.visual c conversion replacement i Aesthetics.site conversion Architecturals desi2n. landscaping Complaintsp |prov isions i Noise ! Limited work hours.equipment Ambient level monitoring. d specifications complaints IErosionand site "ork TBNIPs i Visual,daily logs e Safty 1 Training andContract Provisions AccidenLtraMining records c Dustand Air Quality Contract.operational manual i Records * a !Aiai I C 41367.EA.APPI:NDIXE E-5 DECEM>BER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volwue3 - AppendixE Table E 1.4 Treated Water Transmission and Storage PotentialImpacts 1 %litigation Measures { IonitoringType Responsible Rclocationsand land 1 Detailedand sufficient RAPsand Surve%s.visual c CconvCrsion replacement Flushinglocations Protection Complaints d I Noiseand misc. (backup As appropriate.generator As Appropriate As appropriate. | pOwxell I ______I ______ Table E 1.5 Construction Debris PotentialImpacts Mlitigation *leasures | Monitoring Type Responsible Uncontrolleddisposal sites Monitor disposal Visual trucklogs c.d Flazardousmaterial use and Mionitoruse and disposal Visual.truck logs I c.d I disposal Direct or indirectdumoing in Montordisposal. contract provisions Visual.inspections c.d streams E 1.3 Potential OperationalPhase Impacts. Mitigation and -Monitoring E 1.3.1 Impacts Noise Noise will mainlk c.omefrom the pumps and air blowers during operation. Thus. large noise sources are likelv to be in concentrated in the water intake pump house. the water treated water pump house. wastewaterdischarge pump house. and backwashiwater recycle tank. The equipment noise levels are generally in the range of 80 - 90 dB(A). Since most of the equipment is installed inside builidingsthat are usually partly sunk into the ground. the impact of noise on the external environment is likelv to be reduced. Oniv a few noise levels at the intake station boundary-are predicted to exceed the standard value. but. no sensitive receptors are located near the station. Noise levels 20 m from the intake station boundary are predicted to be much lower. so no noise nuisance is likelv to occur. Boundary noise levels around the treatment plant are not predicted to exceed the standard values and. furthermore. noise may also not be a serious concern since the site is located in an industrial area. However. appropriate low-noise equipment and noise control measures. such as sound insulation. will be specified where necessarv. in order to reduce the noise level at source down to below 70 - 90 dB(A) at a specified distance. Class B of the Boundarv Noise Standard for Industrial enterprises. GB 12348-90 and Class B of the Urban Regional Environmental Standard. GB3096-93 will be met (this specifies a limit of 60 dB(A) in the dav and 50 dB(A) at night). 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-6 DECEMBER1998 SICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Voluinmi - Appendix E Odoutrs The only potential odour concern would follow breakdowns in normal operations and chlorine gas leaks. This issue is covered under section 5.3.5. Slvcle Treatnientand Disposcal Silt and other inorganic matters will be settled out through pre-sedimentation.sedimentation, clarification. and filtration. resulting in sedimentation sludge. Generally water flushing is used to wash the sludge awav for discharge to the nearby river. The main content of the wastewater is silt and inorganic suspended matters and their contents vary with the turbidity of raw water, which is higher during high, wet season. flows. As the silt content of Qing,viRiver averages about 0.3 ki/ms. the daily sludge content of wastewater from the plant will be 33.5 t/d at design flows and average conditions. During wet season. flushing frequency is much higher than that in dry season owing to the hiaher silt load and increased sludge accumulation rates. During the peak of the wet season, the maximum sludge content of the wastewater from the water treatment works reaches about 6000 m-'ld. It decreases with the reduction of raw water silt content during the other seasons. For the proposedproject, it is estimated that the wastewater flow is 750 m'/d and 100 m;/d for normal and low ftlowseasons respectivelv. The average annual wastewater discharge is 2 300 m'/d. This wastewater produced by the WTW will be discharged via a pipe to the Qingyi River without any treatment. The sludge will not accumulate and obstruct the river owing to the river's high flow rate. Even in the drv season. the flow rate is 78 m'/s. According to the annual monitorinz data collected bv the Jiajiang Hydrological Station upstream of the proposed intake. the average suspended load is 0.294 k_/ m'. By calculation the sludge dischar_es in different water seasons (based on design tlows) are as follows: Water season Average Low water Normal water High water Sludge discharge. t/d 6.58 0.77 20.53 54.25 Normal water treatment works operation usually involves the discharge of sludge-containing wastewater during a defined time duration. The following calculation will reveal the impact of slud-e-containing wastewater on the Qingyi River. High water season: Slud2e discharge rate 54.25 t/d: average flow rate of Qingyi Rover 610 m;/s: discharge duration: I hour a day. The siit content of Qingyi River will increase by 0.024 kg/m-. following discharge of the WTW wastewater to the river. giving a combined silt content of 0.799 kg/mi. which is lower than the maximum silt content of the river. The WTW wastewater from the proposed plant is not considered to have an adverse impact on the Qingyi during the high flow season. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-7 DECEMBER1998 SlCIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT VoIurn 3 - Appendix E Low water flow season: Sludge discharge rate 0.77 t/d: average flow rate of Qingyi river 78 m3/s; discharge duration: 3 hours/day. Based on the calculation. the silt content of Qingvi River will increase by 0.001 kI;m', following discharge of the wastewater to the river. giving a combined silt content of 0.016 kg/m'. which is a little higher than the current maximum silt content of the river. The sludge from the proposed plant will have no adverse impact on the water bodv in low water flow season. O&M Problems Operation and maintenance presents problems in many Chinese public facilities due to a variety of budgetarv, training, and equipment problems. The Leshan Nr. 3 WTW has been inspected bv the design and EA team and found to be in good working order. In addition. this project will include a large technical assistance program to improve the equipment and training of the water companv. The design will be state-of-the-artand O&M should not be a problem as the project is currentiv formulated. Detaiied monitoring is specified to verify performance objectives. Chlorination - Saferv The chlorination room consists of liquid chlorine dosing. chlorine leakage detection and treatment. and liquid chlorinestorage. Three vacuum chlorinators (Q=10 kg/h), 2 duty and I standbv. Chlorine gas goes through an automatic switch device and then into chlorinators. The dosage is generally 2 mg/l. which is controlled by a complex ring controller. One month's suppiv of chlorine is stored in drums at the works. The chlorine leakage treatment facility is a safety installation that is used to control accidents occurring in the chlorine dosina room. It includes chlorine leakage alarm system, ventilation svstem and neutralizationsystem. It can treat anv accident due to chlorine leakage in time so as to protect workers on dutv and the adjacent environment t'rom chlorine poisoning. In order to prevent the occurrence of chlorine leakage. some detailed suggestions are put forward in the following categories (details in component appendix): (1) Transportation.storage and application of liquid chlorine drums (2) Emergency procedures for chlorine leakage Dotu.estic usterIlrwer 35 new staff will be emploved in the plant during operation - producing domestic wastewater. The main pollutants in domestic wastewater are BOD5. TSS and ammonia. Domestic wastewater generated from the plant will be discharged to a septic tank with biogas generator. After commissioning of phase one of the project (in the vear 2000), 100 000 m'/d of treated water will suppiv the urban area of Leshan. Consumption of this water will generate an estimated 80 000 mr'/d of municipal wastewater which will be discharged to the sewer system. Without a sewage treatment system operating. the dailv BOD5 and COD discharges will be 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-8 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume 3- Appendix E 12.8 t/d and 24 t/d, respectively. Those pollutants will ultimately enter the Min and have a significant adverse impact on the water environment. At present in Leshan most of domestic wastewater has a simple treatment by septic tanks, and industrial wastewater is treated bv treatment faciiities inside the factories. Another SUEP Phase I component project will improve the sewerage systems in the urban area of Leshan and remove the wastewater to a location downstream of the cirv and the Great Buddha. This phased project will be designed to allowvcoinstruction of a complete WwTW in the future under a subsequent phase of the SUEP. Therefore. the city is making plans for handling the additional sewage that wvillbe generated as a result of this potable water supply project. E 1.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring managementPlans Table E 1.6 Raw Water Supplv Source, Intake Structure Potential Impacts Mlitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Minimum drv season Modellino and ordinances records andb. Agevdrolog quantity. for usersplus in- monitorng stream values. is insufficient Raw water not meeting Control of upstream discharees. abilitvy Raw water daily samples e.d quality standards to monitor upstreamconditions. spills. C etc. Contamination of upstream Ordinances and watershed protection Provincial. county. city c source area I approvals of potential e aapollutant sources Pesticides/herbicides. 1Monitor first flush for such Annual sampling b irrigation first tlush contaminants and take corrective action if necessarv Disruption of aquatic species Fish protection design and operational ' Contract and Biomonitorngs b _ procedures l Noise Low noise equipment Ambient levels. complants d Aesthetics Architecturaldesign. landscaping Complaints d I provisions Table E 1.7 Raw and Treated Water Pumping and Transmission PtnilImpats ~ tt M1 MnioigTp Responsible | PotentialImpacts t Xlitigation Nleasures AnMeonitongTypes Pipeline failure, damageand Design pararneters.construction i r I flooding i super ision. O&M plans Control or alve Iailure S name Same e Flushing l .cationimpacts Protection ot private propertv and Complaints c.d en% ironment. C '. c.d 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-9 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUAN UllBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRON,MENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumc 3 - Appendix C Table E 1.8 Water Treatment Works Site, Including Pumping Station PotentialImpacts | MitigationNleasures MlonitoringType RAoencie Plantshut-dow ns whole or Contractspecifications. O&NI Operatingrecords c panl procedures |Ra% wcater probienms Sourceprotection. monitoring Plantand EPB records d Noise LDwsnoise equipment |Ambient levels. complaints |d Chemicalhandling Designand safety equipment and Records e measures Satert Design.satety equipment and training Trainingrecords e Distributions% stem o% erload Designrevie" Modelsand plans reviews c.e Powerfailure Backuppower or doubiefeed Records c Air pollutionaftkcting Coverall treatmentunits | PlansReview e treatmentunits I Treatedwater quaiirt- Realtime control I Daily records d.e problems L_ _ Table E 1.9 Residuals Disposal PotentialImpacts MlitigationMeasures NlonitoringType Responsible - I ~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Quantityof residualstoo high ]Settlement. ponds Daiivrecords e Qualirt ot residualsis a iproblemn | Sameas above Quarterlysampling e Upstreammlor% reductions Changeor modifydischarge location Visual | d.e causing!more impact IAmbient impacts Lo local i Ambirmentimpacts tolocal Slow releaserather than large slug flows Quarterlhsampling d [(thickening. storage) 416 AAPEDX .. _ EI 41367.EA.,\PPE~NDIXE E-10 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUN, URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volume. - AppendixE E 2 Zigong Min River Diversion and WTW E 2.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) WaxterSupplv OQualitvand Availabilitv Zigona is situated on the Fuxi River in the southern part of the Tuo River basin. some 200 km south of Chengdu. The city has deveioped around the confluence of Xushui and Weivuan rivers that converge to the north west of the town tb form the Fuxi River. Zigongi suffers from a general lack of water resources. from both the Xushui River and Changfu Reservoir. The per capita consumption is currently only 75 I/dav. The urban supply is supplementedbv industries that also supplv some domestic water. This project will supply criticaliv needed potable water that will allow the per capita availability to rise. the service area to expand. and increaseeconomic developmentopportunities for the residents. Sanitation wii,dPublic Health The transfer of raw water from the Min River will allow use of the Xushui River as a domestic water source to be discontinued. This eliminatesa polluted source of water supply and the attendant problems associated with treating this source water. It also allows additional baseflow water to remain in the Xushui and Fuxi Rivers through Zigong, which is needed for the convevanceand dilution of other domestic and industrial wastewaters. Economic Development The suppiv of adequate municipal water is a minimum requirementto enable the citv to grow and develop economicallv in the future E 2.2 Potential Short Term ConstructionImpacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 2.2.1 Impacts Relucation cand Land Acquisition The pipeline route bypasses several small communities so the land losses and impacts occur in mostlv rural agricultural areas. There will be both temporarv and long-term losses of agricultural productivitv that have been addressed in the RAP. The construction of intake pumping station involves resettlement of 45 households or 180 people and relocation of 5 993 m of houses. No resettlement is involved for the construction of intermediate pumping station. The total compensation is 33.38 million vuan. Relocatees. whose income sources wvillbe affected bv the project. will be provided with jobs sutficient to keep their previous living standard. Although relocated farmers will suffer some temporal negative impacts. their living conditions will be improved both in terms of income and housing quality after the project completion. In order to compensate the losses. including income and crop yields. brought bv temporary land.disturbance. some of the farmers will be offered jobs working on the project construction. eaming sufficient income to maintain their previous living standard. After completion of the project. all the temporarv land occupation will be immediately reinstated and returned back to agriculture use. 41367.EA.APP1ENDIXE E-1 I DECEMBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN CNVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMtENTALASSESSMENT Volunil i - .Appcrdiix E Land proposed for acquisition consists entirely of farmland, which contains no residential areas, factories. special protection zones or areas of natural scenerv which should be safeguarded. When the WTW is constructed.the place will be re-designatedfrom agricultural area to urban factory buildings. The land acquisition for the WTW is for the construction of public facilities. As long as the state and local government regulations are complied with. compensation for land paid and residents well resettled. the land resources can be adequatelv developed and utilised. Demolition/Spoils During the project construction some spoil wvillbe generated including soils and rocks abandoned in the process of laying the transmission main. Calculated by 2.Sm in depth and 3 - 6 m in width. the total volume of earthwork for transmission main component is about 760 000 m'. The majoritv of the excavated material will be re-used as back-fill around the pipe and trench. It is planned to transport excess soil and rock (with an estimated total volume of 104 000 m3) to farmnerswho are building houses and to nearbv road construction sites. The project unit will subsidise the transportationcost. SRIEP has reviewed the local plans for disposal and found theft to be satisfactorv. There appear to be a significant number of sites along the 66 km pipeline route where excess spoil could be used for roadway and other construction. As such. there will be no designated storage or disposal locations. SRIEP and the city EPB will ensure that spoil is not dumped into watercourses or other environmentally sensitive locations. Noise and Dust In an urban noise assessment. SRJEP identified the urban area of Zigong as the monitorinc range. Based on the finctional division. 7 points were selected as ambient noise level monitoring points. A number of points exceed the standard during davtime. night-time or both. During construction the main noise sources are transportation vehicles. lifts. diggers. mixers. and so on. Heavv load trucks for transporting pipes are strong noise source during pipe laving. Thev belono to mobile and intermittent sources with sound pressure level in the range of 85-90 dB(A). The noise impact can not be significant owing to davtime operation, less vehicle flow on existing roadwavs. and far away from urban area. If it is necessarv to utilise groundwater pumps. they will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especiallv important for night-time dewatering. Mitigation measures will be required as well as monitoring. Other anticipated problems are temporarv noise and dust but the lack of sensitive receptors or residential areas minimises these impacts. Tailpipe emissions from heavv duty,diesel trucks. which are used to transport pipes. building materials and mechanic equipment. are major air pollutant sources. Those trucks xvillincrease the air pollutant emission along roadways. It is estimated that air impact of exhausting gases is not significant because of less transportation quantity and not too manv vehicles. Dust will be emitted bv house dismantling and construction of the works. Activities such as pipe laying. earthworks and filling also generate flving dust and cause air pollution. But the impact of tlvinz dust is temporarv and localised. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-12 DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSM,1ENT Volume3- AppendixE Transportation To minimise relocations and destruction of agricultural land, much of the pipeline will be installed in or adjacent to the existing road between Nixi and Zigong. This roadwav is very narrow and confined in many locations. It will be necessary to permanently widen the roadwav and/or construct temporary roads to maintain traffic flow during the construction period. Noise concerns normaliv would limit constructionto the daytime but road crossings will be allowed at night to minimise traffic disruption on this highwav. Safey Issutes The pipe trenches will be excavated by hand except in rock. When the stratum consists of sand and gravel materials. they will require wide trenches in order to protect against trench collapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. Public Facilities There are minimum impacts to public facilities but there are a few minor impacts to public resources. Although most of the transmission main goes along highways or roadways. the construction will inevitably damage some scattered trees and other plants along its route and decrease the vegetation coverage in places. Accordingto survevs, no endangered or protected animals are found in the project area. Within the project area. including the WTW and the transmission main, there are no old. large, rare or precious trees growing. Oniv one large fig tree, which belongs to a protective tree categorv. stands bv the highway about 50 m away from the proposed intake. The constructionactivitv will not affect the tree. Spoil generated by excavation of the pipeline can affect the environment during rainfall due to soil erosion and possible subsidence impacts. In order to avoid soil erosion some measures should be taken. includingsuspending construction during raining days. building trenches and protective bunds around big stockpiling sites of earth and rocks and back-filling immediately after construction xvherepossible. Excavation and back-filling wvillchanee the original properties of the topsoil on farmland.and decrease the fertilitv of soil. Once the top soil is damaged. it can take a long time to recover. During this recovery time crop girowthand yields will be affected. Four river crossings are required along the 66 km pipeline route. They will involve the construction of both pipe bridges and siphons and special care will be required to restore the w%atercoursesto the natural condition after construction is completed and not dump excess spoil in the watercourses. Domestic Wfustewuter In the construction phase. about 200 workers will be working in the construction sites. Except for some technical workers. most of them will be local residents (including farmers) and they will have their own places to eat and sleep. Technical workers will stav at small inns in adjacent towns or townships. so no new pollution sources will be created. All wastewater from anv proposed dormitory accommodation must be treated in a septic tank prior to discharge as per local regulations. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-13 DECENIBER1998 SICICHUANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSivMENT Volumn3 - AppendixE E 2.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 2.1 Raw water supplv source, intake structure PotentialImpacts MitigationMeasures MlonitoringTp Responsible I ______YP __ Agencies Constructiotnti "ater suppiy Constructionbest manaeement practices Visual.daily loes c.d intake (BNIPs) Table E 2.2 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission PotentialImpacts Mitigation Measures MonitoringType Responsible ______Agencies Relocationsand land Detailedand sutficient RAPs and Surveys.visual I c conversion replacement Streamand drainage BMPsand protection Weekly inspections. d crossings complaints Debrisdisposai Contractprovisions Visual andtruck loes I c Table E 2.3 Water Treatment Works Site PotentialImpacts Potential *' litizationI .easures I! MonitoringType~Type ~~~~~~~~~Responsiblegencies Relocationsand land Detailedand sufficient RAPs and S5urveys. visual c conmersion replacement Aesthetics.site conversion Architecturaldesign. landscaping Complaints | d Noise I ______provisions _ _|_, Limited work hours.equipment Ambient level monitoring. d Noise specifications complaints Erosionand site N%ork BNlPs Visual.daily logs e Sat'etv Training and Contract Provisions AccidenL training records Cc Dustand Air Oualitr Contract.operational manual Records C 41367.EA.-APPENDIXE E-14 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 2.4 Treated Water Transmissionand Storage PotentialImpacts | Nlitigation Measures Monito rin Tpe Responsible 1 Relocationsand land Detailedand sutficient RAPs and Survess.visual c conversion replacement Flushinglocations Protection Complaints d poiseand miscr back)p As appropriate.generator As Appropriate As appropriate. powver)ll Table E 2.5 Construction Debris PotentialImpacts Mitigation Nleasures Monitoring Type Responsible ______I - ~~~~~~~~Agencies Uncontrolleddisposal sites Monitor disposal | Visual.truck logs c.d I Hazardousmaterial use aind 1Monitoruse and disposal | Visual.truck logs cA disposal j c Direct or indirectdumping in Monitor disposal.contract provisions Visual.inspections c.d strearnsll _ E 2.3 PotentialOperational Phase Impacts, Mitigationand Monitoring E 2.3.1 Impacts NVoise During operation. noise will mainly come from pumps. air blowers, motors. etc., with sound levels aeneraily rangina from 75 - 90 dB(A). This may have an adverse impact on the surrounding acoustic environment if no mitigation measures are taken. In order to mitigate the impact of noise. low-noise equipment will be specified and some noise control measures. such as silencers. sound insulation and vibration reduction. will be taken to decrease the sound level down to 85 dB(A). SRIEP monitored the backlgroundsound level at a point located on the eastern boundarv of the proposed WTW near the intake station for the Changtu Works. The monitoring was conducted day and ni_ht. and the results used as backgyroundvalues of ambient noise. The monitoring results are expressed bv equivalent continuous sound levels. in the daytime 49.2 dB(A). wvhilein the night. 42.5 dB(A). Since the proposed Works site is located in the suburb of Zigon2. Class B of the national standard. Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standard, GB3096-93. is applied. This specifies a limit of 60 dB(A) in the day and 50 dB(A) at night. All the current monitoring values are lower than the standard values. The measured background values are also lower than the Class A limits of 55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) for night. by 5.8 dB(A) and 2.8 dB(A) respectively. So the site currentiv has a relatively good acoustic environment. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-15 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPRtOJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMIENT Volumei - AppendixE Structures. which are used to house the equipment, will have sound insulating measures incorporated in their design and they are generallv located partiallv under ground (for example. the clean water pumping house will be embedded 3.5m). However, these measures can only reduce noise level to some extent. Therefore other noise control measures have been adopted in the design of the plant lavout. According to the design. the air blower house and backwash tower are located in the east side. 13m from the WTW boundarv. The clean water pumping house is located in the northern side. 24m from the boundary. The distance between the two houses is estimatedat 70m. The distances between the southern boundarv or western boundary and above-mentionedtwo main noise sources are over 95m. the forecast shows no violation of standard will occur. As the standard values both for the boundarv and the external environment are the same, the noise levels in the externai environment are not predicted to exceed the standard by inference after putting into operation. The noise levels for pumps in the intake station or pumps in the intermediatepumping, station are less than 85 dB(A) at source. Walls will be built around those stations, providing sound insulation. In addition, the intake station is bv the riverside and the intermediate pumping station is in a woodland between hills. and no farmer householdsand other acoustic sensitive points are located nearby Odoutrs The onlv potential odour concerns relate to breakdownsin normal operations and chlorine gas leaks. Sludge treatment and disposal Both the existing Changtu WTW and the new Yuan Ba Chang WTW will be designed to dispose the WTW sludges arising from filter backwashwaters directly to the adjacent surface waters (Xushui River). This follows existing Chinese practice for all potable WTW in the province. In most situations, these sludges are returned to the same surface water as the source wvaterand the discharges cause little problem. The high sludge loadings of the discharges correspond to the raw water sediment loading and the discharges are usually not noticeable. However. in Zigong the raw water is being conveyed from the Min River and discharged to the much smaller Xushui River. with drv season flows as small as 0.5 m'is. The Xushui River has a total length of 118 km. and has several functional divisions. The proposed outfall of the WTW is located over 100 m downstream of the Chongtanvan Reservoir. The river section has been designated as Class IIl under the surface water standard (but this may be unrealistic given the low drv-season flows). The WTW wastewater contains mainly sand. silt and other inorganic matters. Based on the annial monitoring data. heavy metal contents are verv low, and none exceed 0.1 mg/I except Fe. In addition to some residues of flocculent and disinfection agent. no other toxic substances enter the treatment process. There is no direct harm to aquatic organismsand onlv minor impact on the water quality near the outfall. The source and quantitv of sedimentationsludge was predicted bv SRIEP bv analysing vearly sediment loads at Gaovang. The quantity and frequency of backwash water. and hence, the 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-16 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIU.-vj UR13A.NENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIKONNMIENTALASSESSNIENT Volun ' - Appendix E quantity of wastewater containing sedimentation sludge. is directly related to the silt content of the raw water. Based on the experience of similar WTW along the Min River. it is estimated that the proposed WTW will generate 6 000 m;/d of sludge wastewater during the flood season. containingup to 94.44 t/d of sludge. The sludge wastewater quantitv will decrease during dry and normal flow seasons. The yeariv average concentrationof sludge is 15.74 kg/m;. Sludge wastewater will be discharged for set periods each dav. the duration of discharge depending on the content of sludge. The impacts of sedimentation sludge on the river water are analysed below by calculation. High water season: Discharge rate 157.40t/d. Average river flow rate 160 m-/s, Maximum sludge content0.95 kg!im 3. Based on dischargetime of 3 hours per day. During high water flow season. the maximum silt content of the river water .will increaseto 1.04 k /rm3, which is the sum of the background value plus the sludge content (0.09 kgIm3)of wastewater. This represents an increase of about 9% compared to background value. Thus the river channel is not affected. Normal water flow season: Discharge rate 20.80 tld. Average river flow rate 9.9 m;/s. Maximum sludge content 0.35 kg/m3. Based on dischargetime of 3 hours a dav. During normal water flow season. the maximum silt content of the river water will increaseto 0.54 ka/m'. which is the sum of the background value plus the sludge content(0.54 kgrmn)of wastewater.This representsan increase of about 5.6% compared to background value. Hence it is considered that there is no adverse impact on the river. Low water flow season: Discharge rate 1.90t/d. Average river flow rate 0.50 mr/s. Maximum sludge content 0.02 k!i m;. Based on dischargetime of 3 hours a dav. Durinie low water flow season. the maximum silt content of the river water will increase to 0.37 kggm'. w-hichis the sum of the background value plus the sludge content (0.35 k/rm') of wastewater. The maximum content is oniv a little higher than that of norrnal water flowv season. Thus it is also considered that there will be no adverse impact on the river. Monitoring of the sludge discharges to the Xushui will be proposed in the monitoring plan for the project. If the EPB monitoring finds problems with the Xushui caused by these dischar-es. the Water Company will construct sludge thickeners and sludge storage lagoons 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-17 DECEMBER1998 SICUIUANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Vulumc3 - AppNndixE to enable storage of the sludge during low flow periods and dischargingat rates which can be assimilated bv the Xushui background flows. O&M Problerns Operation and maintenance presents problems in manv Chinese public facilities due to a varietv of budgetary. training, and equipment problems. The existing Changtu WTW in Zigong has been inspected by the design and EA team and found to be in relatively good working order. In addition. this project will include a large technical assistance program to improve the equipment and training of the Water Companv. The design will be state-of-the- art and O&M should not be a problem as the project is currently formulated. Detailed monitoring is specifiedto verify performance objectives. Chlorination - Saferv The chlorinationroom contains facilities for liquid chlorine dosing, chlorine leakagedetection and treatment, and liquid chlorine storage. Three vacuum chlorinators (Q=10 kglh), 2 duty and I standbv. Chlorine gas goes through an automatic switch device and then into chlorinators. The dosage is generally controlled to 2 mg/l. The drums are use to store I month's supply of chlorine. A chlorine leakage treatment facility is a safety installation that is used to control accidents which occur in the chlorine dosing room. It includes chlorine leakage alarm svstem. ventilation system and neutralizationsvstem. It can treat anv accident due to chlorine leakage in time so as to protect workers on dutv and the adjacent environment from chlorine poisoning. In order to prevent the occurrence of chlorine leakage. some detailed suggestions are put forvard in the followingcategories (details in component appendix): ( I j Transportation.storage and application of liquid chlorine drums (2-) Emergencvprocedures for chlorine leakage Domestic Wastewater Eight, ne-wstaff will be employed in the WTW during operation. The main pollutants in domestic wastewater are BOD5. TSS and ammonia. The proposed staff dormitorv for staff 'illbe built in the municipal planned residential area: therefore. most of sewage will go into septic tanks and then flow to the municipal sewer svstem. Domestic wastewater or sewaze gzeneratedfrom the WTW site proper will be treated bv septic tank with biogas generator. and discharged after complyingwith the relevant standard. After the proposed project is put into operation. 120 000 m'ld of treated water will supplv the urban area of Zigong to meet the requirements of domestic use and industrial production. SRIEP estimates that this will produce 77 200 m '/d of wastewater, including 46 000 m7'ldof domestic sewaee and 31 200 mi/d of industrial effluents. Another Phase I SUEP component project will construct wastewater collection and treatment systems for Ziaon- to somewhat mitigate this concem. However, the citv needs the additional potable water supply and it will be a long time before all of wastewater from the urban area is collected and treated in WwTWs. 41367.EA.APPEND[XE E-18 DECEMBER 1998 SICHU,xN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Voiume; - Appendi.x E E 2.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 2.6 Raw Water Suppiv Source, Intake Structure Potential Impacts Mitigation .Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Minimum dry season Miodelling and ordinances Hvdrology records and b.c quantity. for users plus in- monitofing stream values. is insufticient Rau wvaternot meeting Control of upstream discharges. ability Raw water daily samples e.d quality standards to monitor upstream conditions. spills. etc. Contamination of upstream T Ordinances and watershed protection Provincial. counts. CitV c sourcearea approvals of potential pollutant sources Pesticides/herbicides. Monitor tirst tlush for such Annual sampling b irrigation first flush contaminants and take corrective action if necessarv Disruption of aquatic species Fish protection design and operational ConEractand BiomonitorinB b procedures Noise Low noise equipment Ambient levels. complaints d Aesthetics Architectural design. landscaping j Complaints d provisions | _ Table E 2.7 Raw and Treated Water Pumping and Transmission Potential Impacts MeasuresMitigation Monitoring Tvpe Responsible I : - * ~ ~~~~~Agencies Pipeline failure. damageand Design parameters. construction flooding supervision. O&M plans Surve-s. testing e Control or vaive failure Same Same i Flushing location impacts Prtection of private property and Complaints c.d environment. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-19 DECEMvBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENNIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENT1ALASSI:SS%IENT VOILm1e3 - Appenidix E Table E 2.8 Water Treatment Works Site, Including Pumping Station PotentialImpacts Mitigation.Measures MMonitoring Type Responsibes I I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AgenciesI Plant shut-downs lwhole or Contract specilicauons O&.M Operating records . part) procedures Raw water probiems Source protection. monitoring Plant and EPB records d Noise ELownoise equipment Ambient ievels, complaints I d Chemical handling Design and safets equipment and Records Ie measures Satety Design. saterv equipment and training Training records e Distribution s%stemoverload Design review Models and plans reviess c.e Power failure Backup po%%eror double teed Records c _ _I_ .__ .__ .1.-_ _ Air pollution atlecting Cover all treatment units Plans Review I e treatment units Treated water qualit, Real time control 1Daily records I d.e problerns _ I_ _ Table E 2.9 Residuals Disposal Potential Impacts jlitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Quantirt of residuals too high i Settlement. ponds I Daiiy records e I ~ ~__ ~ - ! ______Qualit' of residuals isaa prob- 'm Same as above Quarterly sampling problem , e Upstream tlo"x reductions .II .pstream .1o~reductions : Change or moditl discharge location Visual ! d.e causing more impact ! Ambient impacts to local r r t l j environment j Sios reicase raEherthan large slug floIs Quanterly sampling d (thickening. storage) 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-20 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSM 'ENT VvlumŽe3 - Appendix E E 3 LuzhouBeijiao WTW E 3.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) WVtierSupply Qulitv and Availabilitv Luzhou is an integrated industrial city with power, chemical, machineryand foodstuffsas the main industries. The Changjiang rivers, with the tributaries of Tuojiang, Cishuihe.Yongning rivers flow through its administrationarea. Many enterprises in the citv have their own water suppiv system. which compriseabout 81% of the total water supplv consumptionin the citv. The northern area of the citv has recentlv received rail services and developmentand water consumption are expanding greatly in the area. Water shortage problems had alreadv existed for many vears in several areas including Xiaosi, Anning and Gaoba. The area has been identifiedfor rapid industrialand municipaldevelopment under current citv planning. Although Luzhou is located at the junction of two major rivers and the Yangtze provides enormous freshwater resources. the treated and potable water supply systems are inadequate for current or projected needs of the Citv. The per capita consumption in the Beijiao service area is currently estimated at 148 I/day (although the quantity available to consumersmay be much lower), and the urban service area is expanding. This project will supply critically needed potable water which will allow the per capita availability to rise, the service area to expand, and the exploitationof increaseingeconomic development opportunities. Sanitation and Public Health The expanded use of raw water from the Yangtze River will allow the discontinuationof use of the polluted Tuo River as a domestic water source in Luzhou as well as unsatisfactoryand non-compliant WTWs in the small towns being served. This eliminates polluted sources of water supply and the attendant problems associated with treating this source water. It also allows additional baseflow water to remain in the Tuo Rivers through Luzhou. which is needed for the conveyance and dilution of other domestic and industrialwastewaters. Economic Development The suppiv of adequate municipal water is a minimum requirementto enable the city (and surroundingtowns) to grow and develop economicallyinto the future. This facilitywill service both a large developmentzone in the city as well as fast growina towns to the north. E 3.2 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 3.2.1 Impacts Relocaition and Land.4cquisition 30 mu of land will be acquired and 10 farmer households (39 persons) w%illbe relocatedby the Beijiao WTW Phase 2 works. The project involvesShichangswan and YivuanCooperatives in Yixin Village of Yutang Town. 30 persons in Shitangwan Cooperative will transfer their status from agriculture to non-agriculture. According to the Regulation for the Land vlanazement of Sichuan Province. Document LSFDF NO.30 (1989) and Notice on New Compensation Standard for Land Acquisition in Document LSFD NO.64 (1989), in terms of 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-21 DECEMBER1998 SICIIUAN tJ111.\N ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appcndix C the arable land, the compensationto be paid will be 6 times the basic compensation. In term of other land compensation, the compensationwill be 3 times the basic compensation. For crops and land attachments,the compensationis based on Document LSFF No.30 (1989) and LSFD No.64 (1989) with a price inflation factor applied. For relocation compensation. 2 or 3 times the yield per mu three years aco is adopted. During the land acquisition for this scheme. 200m of telecommunicationcable will be relocated with compensation of 0.15 million yuan based on the Document LSFD No.64 (1989) and consultation with the post and telecommunicationdepartment. It is estimated that the total compensation pavable under the scheme is 2.23 million yuan, which includesresettlement expense of 0.43 million vuan. Demolition/Spoils During the project construction some spoil will be generated including soils and rocks abandoned in the process of laying the transmission main. The majoritv of the excavated material will be re-used as back-fill around the pipe and trench. It is initiallv calculatedthat for the 35 km of transmission pipe from the Beijiao WTW to Fuji Town. the total volume of earthwork will be 13 500 m3'. For the 3.6 km of transmission pipe from the Beijiao WTP to the Nan Gao DevelopmentZone. the total volume of earthwork will be 1810 m3. In 1996. the People's Government of Sichuan Province decided to turn Fuji Town into the countv town of Luxian Countv. With the expansion of Fuji Town and the development of Nan Gao DevelopmentZone. spoil from the scheme can be transported to these locations for use in earth works and road construction. Through proper managementthe impact of spoil disposal can be eliminated. SRIEP has reviewed the local plans for spoil disposal on this project and found them to be environmentalivacceptable. Excess spoils will essentially be used in roadway or other construction or disposed of to adjacent farmland subject to a2reements sianed with local farmers. Voise anrdDust Heavy load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emitting significant noise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB(A). The noise impact should not be significant since thev will oniv operate in the daytime. they are less frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadwavs. and the sites are not near urban areas. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Limitinu-construction to the davtime hours will mitigate noise problems. The pipeline will be excavated USil1gmaniual labour in manv cases so dust and noise will be minimised. During the construction operation of construction equipment and the running of vehicles will generate noise. The noise levels will depend on the types and numbers of machines and vehicles. Generally their noise levels range from 80 to 90 dB(A). The constructionnoise will have adverse impact on people living near the construction site or alongi the highway. In order to meet the requirements specified bv Boundary Noise Limits for Construction Sites (G312523-90). night-time construction activities will be prohibited. with the use of trucks and equipment prohibited bv 23:00 hr each dav (except for road crossings which may be allowed to minimise daytime construction impacts). 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-22 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volumnc3 - AppendixE If it is necessary to utilise groundwaterpumps, they will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especiallv important for night-time dewatering. Mitigation measures will be required as well as monitoring. Management practices are recommended to minimise erosion and runoff from storage piies and tor site clean up after constructionis completed. Dust emitted from house dismantlingand building constructionof the plant will have adverse impact on the environment. In addition. activities such as pipe laying. earthwork and filling also generate flving dust and cause air pollution. However. the impact of flying dust will be temporarv. localisedand limited to the construction period. Beijiao WTP. distribution well. per-sedimentation tank, flocculation-sedimentationtank. valveless filter. clean water reservoir. clean water pump house. wastewater recycling tank. chemical and chlorinedosing room. administrationbuilding, part of dormitorv have been built in Phase I project. In Phase 2 project,a new set of flocculationtank, pre-sedimentationtank. sedimentation tank. valveless filter. a 2 000m- of dormitory, a workshop and a garage. etc. will be built. Since Phase 2 involvesless constructionwork, the project will have less impact on the air and acousticenvironment. Transportation To minimise disruption of agricultural land, much of the pipeline will be installed in or adjacent to the existing road between Beijiao and Fuji. It will be necessary to permanently widen the roadway and/or construct temporarv roads to maintain traffic flow during the construction period. Noise concerns normally would limit construction to the daytime but road crossings will be allowed at night to minimise traffic disruption on this highway. Safe/v Issuzes The pipe trenches will be excavated bv hand. except in rock. when stratum consist of sand and gravel materials they will require wideibatteredtrenches in order to protect against trench coliapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. Pzublic Facilities There are minimum impacts to public facilities but there are a few minor impacts to public resources.Although most part of the transmissionmain goes alona highwavsor roadways. the constructionwill inevitabivdamage some scatteredtrees and other vegetation along its route. Accordinu to surveys. no endangered or protected animals are found in the project area. Spoil generated bv excavation of the pipeline can affect the environment durinmrainfall due to soil erosion and possiblesubsidence impacts. In order to avoid soil erosion some measures should be takeni.including suspending constructionduring raining davs. building trenches and protective bunds around big stockpiling sites of earth and rocks and back-fillina immediatelv after construction where possible. Excavationand back-fillingwill change the original properties of the topsoil on farmiand. and decrease the fertilitv of soil. Once the top soil is damaged, it can take a long time to recover. During this recoverv time crop growth and yields will be affected. 41367.EAA.PPENDIXE E-23 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix E Domestic WVastewvater The impact on surface waters associated with the project is mainiv from domestic wastewater. oenerated by workers or staff on the construction sites, and construction wastewater, from equipment washing, concrete curing. and leakage testing. The quantitv of domestic wvastewater is related to the numbers of construction staff, which depends on the degree of mechanisation and construction programme. The main pollutants in domestic wastewater are BOD5. TSS and ammonia. As most of the construction workers are local residents. the additional water impact is minor. E 3.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 3.1 Raw water supply source, intake structure Potential Impacts litigation Measures Mlonitoring Type Responsible ______IAgencies Construction ofwater supply Construction best management practices Visual. dailv logs c.d intake (BMPs) Table E 3.2 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission Potential Impacts litigation Measure onitoring Type Responsible .11! IOn eJaures lonitoring ~~Agencies Relocations and land Detailed and sutficient RAPs and Surveys. visual c conversion replacement Stream and drainage BMPs and protection Weekly inspections. d crossings complaints Debris disposal Contrct provisions Visual and truck logs Table E 3.3 Water Treatment Works Site ;Responsible~ Potential Impacts I litigation Measures Mlonitoring Type Rensies i Reiocations and land Detailed and sufficient RAPs and Surve%s.visual c con'ersion replacement Aesthetics. site con. ersion i Architectural design. landscaping Compiaints d provisions Noise Limited work hours, equipment Ambient level monitoring. d specifications complaints I F Erosion and site%;ork BNIPs Visual. daily logs . Saim' Traininz and Contract Provisions AccidenL trainine records c Dust and Air Qualit% ContracLtoperational manual Records X c 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-24 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONNMENTPROJECT ENVIRON,MENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixC Table E 3.4 Treated Water Transmissionand Storage PotentialImpacts M!itigation Mleasures f Monitoring Tvpe I Responsible Relocationsand land Detailedand sut1icient RAPs and Survevs.visual c conversion replacement Flushinalocations Protection Complaints d Noiseand misc.(backup 1As appropriate.generator As Appropriate As appropriate. power) ! Table E 3.5 Construction Debris PotentialImpacts | litigationMeasures MonitoringType Responsible I ~~~~~~~~~7Agencies Uncontrolleddisposal sites Monitor disposal Visual.truck logs c.d Hazardousmateriai use and Monitor useand disposal Visual.tuck logs c.d disposal Direct or indirectdumping in Monitor disposal.contract provisions Visual.inspections lc.d streamsl E 3.3 Potential Operational Phase Impacts, Mitigationand Monitoring E 3-3.1 Impacts Noise Durine operation. noise will mainly come from pumps. air blowers, motors. etc.. their sound levels g,eneraIlv range from 75 - 90 dB(A). It could impact the sounding acoustic environment if no mitigation measure is taken. In order to mitigate the impact of noise on surrounding area. low-noise equipment will be selected in design. some noise controi measures. such as deafening. sound insulation and vibration reduction. will be taken to decreasethe sound level to 85 dB(A). For the Beijiao WTW. phase 2. noise levels at the WTW boundarv can meet the Class C limit of GB 12348-90. Boundarv Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprises. except at the southern boundarv where the noise level will be a little higher than the standard value. Noise levels about lOm as av fromfnthe WTW boundarv of the WTW are 12.9 - 44dB(A). There are no sensitive receptors around the WTW. Almost no noise impact occurs 20 meters awav from the boundarv and the external noise outside of the boundary is considered to basically meet the Class C of GB3096-93. Urban Regional EnvironmentalStandard. .4quatzicFish and Vegetation The existing intake pump station will also be used for Beijiao WTW. phase 2. The intake inlet is deep under the water surface and no aquatic plants are growing around the pump station. The raw water abstraction will have no impact on the surrounding aquatic plants. Since the intake inlet is deep under the water surface, around the inlet light is poor and there 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-25 DECENIBER1998 SICIIU.\,\ URBAN ENVIRONMUILNTP'ROJLCT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume , - Appendix E are few algae. Raw water abstraction will have no obvious impact on species diversitv and mass of algae. The Yangtze River Basin is a major productionarea for freshwater fish in China. Every year the quantity of fish caught in the river accounts for two thirds of the catch for the wvhole COunty. Chinese sturgeon are river-sea migratoryvfish. Another protected species in the Yangtze is the giant salamander. However.here are no existing sturgeon or giant salamander habitats in the Yangtze at Luzhou. In view of the available high flows this project will have no impact on the fisheriesof the Yangtze. Sludcigetreatment ainddisposal In the WTW. silt and other inorganic matters will be settled out through pre-sedimentation. sedimentation.clarification. and filtration. resulting sedimentation sludge. The main content of the wastewater is silt and inorganic suspended matters. and the concentrationsvarv with the turbiditv of raw water which is higher during the high flow during the wet season. Both Beijiao and Daxikou WTWs draw water from the Yangtze River. The combined dailv water capacitv for the twvoWTWs is 100 000 m3ld. The annual average silt content is 0.71 kg/m3. the annual sludge content of wastewater from the WTW will be 26 000t. Silt and sand are the main content of the sludge generated from treatment process in the WTW. According to investigations. most WTWs in China flush sedimentation sludges back into the rivers from which the raw water was abstracted. This project will do the same. Sludge will drain directlv via a channel to a discharge point on the Yangtze 120 m downstream of the intake. Since the Yangtze has a high flow rate. it can reach 2 050 m3/seven in the low water season. sludge generated from the project will not cause anv obstruction of the river course. However. localised TSS concentration may be increased. Based on the calculation,the silt content of the Yangtze River will increase bv onlv 0.0009 kg/m after the sludge-containing wastewater is discharged to the river. Adding its background value. the accumulated silt content will be 0.0721 kg/m'. being lower than the maximum silt content of the river in low water season. It is concluded that the discharge of WTW sludge to the Yanytze will cause negligible water quality impacts to the river. O&M Problems Operation and maintenance presents problems in manv Chinese public facilities due to a varietv of budgetarv. training. and equipment problems. The existing Beijiao WTW in LuzIIou has been inspected by the desisn and EA team and found to be in relativelv !zood workimgorder. This is verified by the wvaterquality records of the treated x%ater. In addition. this project will include a large technical assistance program to improve the equipment and training of the Water Companv. O&M should not be a problem as the project is currently formulated. Detailed monitoring is specified to verify performance objectives. ChlorCWurio7 - _Sqferv The chlorination room contains facilities for liquid chlorine dosing. chlorine leakagedetection and treatment. and liquid chlorine storage. Three vacuum chlorinators (Q=i0 kg/h). 2 dutv and I standby. Chlorine gas goes through an automatic switch device and then into 41367.EA.APPFNDIXE. E-26 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN UltBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIEN T Volume3 - AppcndixE chlorinators. The dosage is generally controlled to 2 mg/I. The drums are use to store I month's supply of chlorine. A chlorine leakage treatment facility is a safety installation that is used to control accidents whiich occur in the chlorine dosing room. It includes chlorine leakaue alarm svstem. ventilationsvstem and neutralizationsvstem. It can treat anv accident due to chlorine leakage in time so as to protect workers on dutv and the adjacent environment from chlorine poisoning. In order to prevent the occurrence of chlorine leakage, some detailed suggestions are put forward in the followingcategories (details in component appendix): (1) Transportation,storage and application of liquid chlorine drums (2) Emergencyprocedures for chlorine leakage Domestic Wastewvater Eighty three new staff will be employed in the Beijiao and Daxikou WTW when thev are put into operation. If the wastewaterdischarge per person is 0.2 m3/d. this will result in 16.6 m7'd of on-site domestic wastewater. The main pollutants in domestic wastewater are TSS. BOD5 and ammonia. Domesticwastewater generated from the WTWs will be treated by septic tanks with biogas generators,such that the dischargescomply with the relevant standard. The design capacity of phase I of the Beijiao WTW is 50 000 m;. But the practical capacity is only 40 000 m;/d. The proposed project will increase capacity by an additional 60 000 m'/d. Fuji Town has an existing small WTW with a capacitv of 10 000 m3/d using raw water from the Laixi River. This river originates in Gaoping Township of Dazu Countv. flows into Luxian Countv through Rongxian Town and finally flows into the Tuo River at Hushi Town. The average flow of the river is 47.43 m3/s. Fuji also discharges wastewater to the Laixi River. After the completion of this project. Fuji Town will take raw water from the Yangtze River. The wastewaterdischarge to the Laixi River will increase by '2 000 m3/dbased on the 30 000 m' supplied to Fuji Town. If no sewage treatment system is provided. the current daily 4.4 t/d of BOD and 6.6 t,d of COD will increase. assuming a wastewater loading of BOD of 200 me/l and COD of 300 mg/l in the sewage. Concentrations of BOD and COD in Laixi River alreadv exceed the standards. mainlv because domestic wastewater from Fuji Town is discharged without treatment. The pollutant dischargyesfrom the project will oniv make a small contribution to the deterioration of water qualitv in the Laixi River. However.to further reduce pollutant concentrations in the river in order to complv with the Class III of the Environmental Qualitv Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-88). the local govemment should encourage septic tank usage to treat domestic sewagzein the towns. In addition. industries should set up wastewater treatment facilities to complv with discharge standards. Luzhou CC has inspected the sewerage and drainage svstems in the town and verified that they are adequate to convev the additional wastewaterto the surface streams and not cause localised health problems. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-27 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUA-N URBAN ENVIRONM%fENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMIENT Volume 3 - Appendix E The Nan Gao DevelopmentZone belongs to the Central District of Luzhou City and only 3 km away from the citv centre. The proposed project will supply 30 000 m3of drinking water to the zone per dav. thus the wastewater dischargequantity of Luzhou Citv will increase. Thieestimated 24 000 m3/d of wastewater discharoed will increase the current pollutant load from around 4.8 t/d of BOD and 7.2 t/d of COD. Since the Yangtze has a large water flow and high dilution abilitv, the increased wastewater will have a si2nificant water quality impact. As noted previously, the collection and treatment of wastewater in Luzhou did not receive a high funding prioritv for Phase I of the SUEP due to the minimal water qualitv improvement that such a scheme would foster. It will be important for all Sichuan cities to build wastewatercollection and treatment schemes in the future as fundingallows. E 3.3.2 Mitigationand iMonitoringManagement Plans Table E 3.6 Raw Water Supply Source, Intake Structure Potential Impacts 1 litigation .leasures MonitoringM Type Responsible ______I ______A gencies Minimum dry season 1Modelling and ordinances Hydrologyrecords and b.c quantity. fbr users pius in- monitoring stream values. is insufticient Raw water not meeting Control of upstream discharges. ability Raw water daily sampies e.d quality standards | to monitor upstream conditions. spills. etc. Contamination of upsteam Ordinances and watershedprotection Provincial. countv. ciry c source area approvals of potential I ______pollutant sources Pesticides,herbicides. Mflonitorfirst flush for such Annual sampling b irrigation first flush contaminants and take corrective action F if necessar% Disruption of aquatic species Fish protection design and operational Contract and Biomonitoring b procedures ] Noise t Lo% noise equipment Ambient levels. complaints d Aesthetics Architecturaldesign. landscaping Complaints d pro' isions Table E 3.7 Raw and Treated Water Pumping and Transmission Potential Inmpacts litigation .leasures I Monitoring Type Responsie ______gencie iPipelinc lailurc. damageand Designparameters. construction t . F tlooding super;ision.O&M plans FCotirvl or %ai%c tailur Same Samc e ProteCtionof privatepropert% and Flushinglocation impacts I Complaints c.d !iensronment. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-28 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URB3ANENVIRONMENT I'ROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume. - AppendixE Table E 3.8 Water Treatment Works Site, Including Pumping Station PotentialImp,aasiores -icts NlitigationNi MonitoringTvpe Responsible Potent31Impcts | liragationXIrasures M\onitoringType | eenceses _ _ ~~~I I Aen s Plantshut-downs (whole or Contractspecirications. O&M Operatingrecords c par) procedures kRatxater problems Sourceprotection. monitoring Plantand EPBrecords d Noise Low noiseequipment Ambientlevels. compiaints d Chemicalhandlins Desienand safetn cquipment and j Records | nicasures Satery Design.safety equipment and training Trainingrecords e _ __ _L ______I_ Distributionsystem overload Designreview Modelsand plans reviews c.e Powerfailure Backuppower or doublefeed Records Air pollution affecting Coverall treatmentunits PlansReview e |reatmentunits Treaxeddwater qualiiv Realtime control Daily records d.e |problems Table E 3.9 Residuals Disposal PotentialImpacts IlitigationMeasures j lonitoringType Responsible | Quanriryof residualstoo high SettlemenLponds Daily records e Qualityof residualsis a I X problem , Sameas above Quanerl-samphne Upstreamtlou reductions . Changeor modif%discharge location Visual d.I causing more inmpact = _i Ambientimpacts to local enironmbentsmpacts to local Slow releaserather than large slug flouAs Quarteriysampiing d c nvironment d (thickening.storage) [_ 41367.EA.APPrENDIXE E-29 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMIENT Volume3- AppendixE E 4 Luzhou Daxikou WTW E 4.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) WVaterSupplv Quaulitvund A vailabilitv Luzhou is an integrated industrial city with power. chemical. machinerv and foodstuffs as the main industries. The Changjianc rivers. with the tributaries of Tuojiang, Cishuille. Yongning rivers flow through its administrationarea. Many enterprises in the city have their own water supplv systems. which cater for about 81% of the total water suppiv in the cit,v. Although Luzhou is located at the junction of several major rivers and the Yangtze provides enormous freshwater resources, the treated and potable water suppiv svstems are inadequate for current or projected needs of the Citv. The per capita consumption in the Daxikou service area is currently estimated at I00 l/dav (althoughthe quantity available to consumers from the water company is much lower), and the urban service area is expanding. This project will suppiv criticaliv needed potable water which will allow the per capita availability to rise, the service area to expand, and the exploitationof economic development opportunities. Sanitation and Putblic Health The expanded use of raw water from the Yangtze will allow use of the Guanshan WTW, which currently violates national standards for potable water qualitv, to be discontinued. This facilitv is inadequate in both quantitv and qualitv of water produced for this area, especiallv in view of the proposed urban expansion. Economic Development The supply of adequate municipal water is a minimum requirement to enable the city to grow and develop economicallvin the future. E 4.2 Potential Short Term ConstructionImpacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 4.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Lcand Acquisition Phase I project of the proposed Daxikou WTW is located in Baiti Village in Naxi District. 41 mu of land will be required. I I households with 43 people will eb relocated and 29 persons will be provided with jobs and their status transferred from agriculture to non-agriculture. Accordingyto the relevant regulations. the compensation pavable for land acquisition is 2.8 million vuan. resettlement expense is 1.3 million yuan. giving a total of 4.1 million vuan. Expenisesfor land acquisition and compensationare included in the project cost estimate. Deliolitionl/Spoils During the project construction some spoil will be generated including soils and rocks abandoned in the process of lavins the transmission main. The majority of the excavated material will be re-used as back-fill around the pipe and trench. For the 2 km of the transmission pipe from the Daxikou WTW to the regulation tank at Guanshan WTW. the total volume of earthworks is I 57 1m;3. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-3O DECEMBER 1998 SCICIUANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Voiume3 - AppendixE Pipeline construction will be divided into several sections and constructed simultaneously. Spoil generated by the excavation should be stockpiled within,the i to 10 m wide wvorking area alone the trench. It is estimated that the total surplus spoil volume due to construction of Beijiao and Daxikou WTWs is 16 800 mi. From the constructionof Daxikou WTW, it is estimated that the total spoil volume from the construction of sedimentation tanks and clear water reservoirs is about 25 000 m;. It is proposed to dispose of this spoil to developments in Fuji Town and the Nan Gao DevelopmentZone along with spoil from the Beijiao WTW scheme. SRIEP has reviewed the local plans for spoil disposal on this project and found them to be environmentally acceptable. Excess spoils will essentially be used in roadway or other construction or disposed of to adjacent farmland subject to agreements signed with local farmers. ANoiseand Dzust Heavv load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emitting significantnoise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB(A). The noise impact should not be significant since thev will only operate in the daytime. they are less frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadwavs. and the sites are not near urban areas. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Limitine constructionto the daytime hours will mitigate noise problems. The pipeline will be excavated usine manual labour in many cases so dust and noise will be minimised. During the construction operation of construction equipment and the running of vehicles will generate noise. The noise levels will depend on the types and numbers of machines and vehicles. Generally their noise levels range from 80 to 90 dB(A). The construction noise will have adverse impact on people livins near the construction site or along the highway. In order to meet the requirements specified by Boundary Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90), night-time construction activities will be prohibited, with the use of trucks and equipment prohibited bv 23:00 hr each dav (except for road crossings which may be allowed to minimise daytime construction impacts). If it is necessarv to utilise groundwater pumps. they will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especially important for night-time dewatering. Miitigationmeasures will be required as well as monitoring. Manaeement practices are recommended to minimise erosion and runoff from storage piles and Forsite clean up after construction is completed. Dust emitted from hLousedismantling and building construction of the plant will have adverse impact on the environment. In addition. activities such as pipe laving, earthwork and filling also generate tlying dust and cause air pollution. However.the impact of flying dust will be temporary. localisedand limited to the construction period. Transportmtion To minimise relocations and destruction of agricultural land. much of the pipeline will be installed in or adjacent to the existing road between the intake and Daxikou WTW and from 41367.EA.APPENI)IXE E-31 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTP'ROJECT ENVIRONiMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix E the WTW to Naxi/Anfu. It will be necessary to widen the roadway and/or construct temporary roads to maintain traffic flow during the construction period. Noise concerns normally would limit construction to the daytime but road crossings will be allowed at night to minimise traffic disruption on this highway. Safety Issues The pipe trenches will be excavated by hand, except in rock, when stratum consist of sand and gravel materialsthev will require wide/batteredtrenches in order to protect against trench collapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. PtublicFacilities There are minimum impacts to public facilities but there are a few minor impacts to public resources.Although most part of the transmission main goes along highways or roadways. the constructionwill inevitably damage some scatteredtrees and other vegetation along its route. According to survevs, no endangered or protected animalsare found in the project area. Spoil generated bv excavation of the pipeline can affect the environment during rainfall due to soil erosion and possible subsidence impacts. In order to avoid soil erosion some measures should be taken. includingsuspending constructionduring raining days. building trenches and protective bunds around big stockpiling sites of earth and rocks and back-filling immediatelv after constructionwhere possible. Excavation and back-fillingwill change the original propertiesof the topsoil on farmland. and decrease the fertilitv of soil. Once the top soil is damaged. it can take a long time to recover. Durin2 this recoverv time crop growth and yields will be affected. The treated water transmission main will be laid along the Longna Highwav. which is currentlv under constructionand no relocation is involved. Dotmestic Wastewvater The impact on surface waters associated with the project is mainlv from domestic wastewater. generated by workers or staff on the construction sites. and construction wastewater, from equipment washing. concrete curing, and leakage testing. The quantitv of domestic wastewater is related to the numbers of construction staff. which depends on the degree of mechanisationand construction programme. The main pollutants in domestic wastewater are BOD5. TSS and ammonia. As most of the construction workers are local residents. the additional water impact is minor. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-32 DECEMBER1998 SiCilUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRON.MENTALASSESSNMENT ulunIIC3 - Appendix E E 4.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 4.1 Raw water supply source, intake structure Potential Impacts |lifigation 'leasures lonitoring Type Responsible Constructionof watersupply Constructionbest management practices Visual.daily logs c.d intake (BMPs) V Table E 4.2 Raw Water Pumping and Transmission PotentialImpacts MitigationMeasures | MonitoringType Responsibie Relocationsand land Detailedand sufficient RAPs and Surveys.visual c conversion replacement Streamand drainage BMPsand protection Weekly inspections. a crossings I complaints Debrisdisposal Contractprovisions Visualand truck logs c Table E 4.3 Water Treatment Works Site PotentialImpacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsle Relocationsand land Detailedand sufficient RAPs and i Surveys.visual j c conversion replacement I I Aesthetics.site conversion Architecturaldesign. Iandscaping Compiaints td ! provisions Noise } Limitedwork hours.equipment Ambient leei monitoring.T d specifications complaints Erosionand site work B8MPs Visual.daii iogs e Satety Trainingand Contract Provisions AccidenLtraining records c| Dust andAir Qualirx ContracLoperational manual Records c Table E 4.4 Treated Water Transmission and Storage PotentialImpacts MitigationMeasures MonitoringType |I sponsie Relocauonsand land j Detailedand sutficient RAPs and Surveys.visual 1c conversion replacement Flushingiocations Protection Complaints powelsr d (backup Tmsc.AS appropriate.generator AsAppropriate As appropriate. po1er) C 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-33 DECEMBER1998 SICILUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 4.5 Construction Debris Potential Impacts MiitigationM.easures f 'ionitorine Type Responsible Uncontrolleddisposal sites iMonitor disposal Visual.truck loes e.d Hazardousmaterial use and Monitoruse and disposal Visuai.truck logs c.d disposal Direct or indirectdumpine in Moniltordisposal. contract provisions Visual,inspections e.d Lstreamsl _.l E 4.3 Potential Operational Phase Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 4.3.1 Impacts Noise During operation, noise will mainiy come from pumps, air blowers. motors. etc.. with sound levels generallv ranging from 75 90 dB(A). This could have an impact the sounding acoustic environment if no mitigation measures are taken. In order to mitigate the impact of noise on surrounding area. low-noise equipment will be specified and some noise control measures.,sound insulationand vibration reduction, will decrease the sound pressure level to 85 dB(A). Noise levels at the Daxikou WTW boundarv will meet the required standard and be lower than the background value (54.8 dB(A)) except at the northern boundary where noise emissions will a little higher than the night time standard. Noise levels at lOm awav from the boundarv of Daxikou WTW will be a little higher than the standard value but there are no sensitive receptors around the station. There will be almost no noise impact at 20 meters awa,v from the boundarv. The noise emissions levels outside of the boundaryvbasicaliv meet Class C limits in GB3096-93. Urban Regional Environmental Standard. Daxikou WTW is surrounded mainiv bv farmland with no housing, therefore the noise produced by the WTW wvillnot have negative impact on the external environment. .4quatic Fish and Vegetation The intake pump station of the proposed Daxikou WTW will be located 475m downstream of the Yangtze Bridge No.' and near the existing highwavs. The main current of the river is close to the bank with a water depth of about 10 meters. the minimum water depth in low xwaterseason >8 m. and no aquatic plants are located there. Therefore. ravww%ater abstraction 'ill have no impact on the surrounding aquatic plants. Since the intake inlet is deep under the water surface. around the inlet light is poor and there are few algae. RawvNvater abstraction will have no obvious impacts on species diversitv and biomassof the algae. The Yangtze River Basin is a major production area for freshwater fish in China. Everv vear the quantitv of fish caught in the river accounts for two thirds of the catch for the whole countv. Chinese sturgeon are river-sea migratory fish. Another protected species in the Yangtze is the giant salamander. However.here are no existing sturgeon or giant salamander 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-34 DECEMBER 1998 SICi IUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPllOJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNIENT VolumeS - AppendixE habitats in the Yangtze at Luzhou. In view of the available high flows this project will have no impact on the fisheries of the Yangtze. Sludigetreatment and disposal In the WTW. silt and other inorganic matters will be settled out through pre-sedimentation. sedimentation,clarification. and filtration. resulting sedimentation sludge. The main content of the wastewater is silt and inorganic suspended matters. and the concentrations vary with the turbidity of raw water which is higher during the high flow during the wet season. Both Beijiao and Daxikou WTWs draw water from the Yangtze River. The combined daily water capacitv for the two WTWs is 100 000 m3/d. The annual average silt content is 0.71 kg/m the annual sludge content of wvastewaterfrom the WTW will be 26 000t. Silt and sand are the main content of the sludge generated from treatment process in the WTW. According to investigations. most WTWs in China flush sedimentation sludges back into the rivers from which the raw water was abstracted. This project will do the same. Sludge will be discharged directlv to the Yangtze downstream of the WTW and intake. Since the Yangtze has a high flow rate. it can reach 2 050 m3/seven in the low water season. sludge generated from the project will not cause any obstruction of the river course. However, localised TSS concentration may be increased. Based on the calculation. the silt content of the Yangtze River will increase by only 0.0009 kg/rM3 after the sludge-containing wastewvateris discharged to the river. Adding its background value, the accumulated silt content will be 0.0721 kginr. being lower than the maximum silt content of the river in low water season. It is concluded that the discharge of WTW sludge to the Yangtze will cause negligibie water quality impactsto the river. O&M Problems Operation and maintenance presents problems in many Chinese public facilities due to a varietv of budgetary, training, and equipment problems. The existing Beijiao WTW in Luzhou has been inspected bv the design and EA team and found to be in relatively good working order. This is verified by the water quality records of the treated water. In addition. this project will include a large technical assistance program to improve the equipment and training of the Water Companv. O&M should not be a problem as the project is currently formulated. Detailed monitoring is specified to verify performance objectives. Chlorinaution - Sufety The chlorination room consists of liquid chlorine dosing. chlorine leakage detection and treatment. and liquid chlorine storage. Three vacuum chlorinators (Q=10 k&h). 2 duty and I standbv. Chlorine gas goes through an automatic switch device and then into chlorinators. The dosage is 2 mg/L generaliv. which is controlled bv complex ring controller. The storage by drums can supply chlorine for one month. Chlorine leakage treatment facilitv is a safety installation that is used to control accidents occur in the chlorine dosing room. It includes chlorine leakage alarm system. ventilation svstem and neutralizationsystem. It can treat any accident due to chlorine leakage in time so as to protect workers on duty and the adjacent environment from chlorine poisoning. Among the subsvstems. chlorine dosing subsystem is easily out of the control. In particular, the 41-367.EA.APPENDIXE E-35 DECEMIBER1998 SICHIJAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume; - AppendixE leakage of liquid chlorine will bring a risk to the neighbouring area when it disperses in a short time. In order to prevent the occurrence of chlorine leakage. some detailed suggestions are put fonvard in the followingcategories (details in component appendix): (1) Transportation.storage and application of liquid chlorinedrums (2) Emergencyscheme for chlorine leakage Domestic [Wasteivater For discussion of this issue see Beijiao WTW above. E 4.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 4.6 Raw Water Suppiv Source, Intake Structure PotentialImpacts Mlitigation.Mleasures MgneonitoringsType Aensie Raw waternot meeting Controlof upstreamdischarges. ability Rawvwater daily samples e.d qualitystandards to monitorupstream.conditions. spills etc. Contaminationof upstream Ordinancesand watershed protection Provincial.county. city c sourcearea approvalsof potential Disruptiln of aquatic species pollutantsources Disruptionof aquaticspecies Fishprotection design and operational Contractand Biomonitorine b procedures Noise Lowvnoise equipment Ambientlevels, complaints d |esthetics Architecturaldesign, landscaping Complaints d provisions ______ Table E 4.7 Raw and Treated Water Pumping and Transmission PotentialImpacts MNitigation.leasures 1 MonitoringType Responsible ______A gencies Pipelinefailure. damaee and Designparanieters. construction tlooding supervision.O&M plans Surveys.testing e Controior valve failure Same j Same e I Protectionot privateproperty and Flushinulocation impacts . nmI Complaints c.d 4- X I67.EA.APPEi99nment.8 E DECEMBeER 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-36 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUJANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 4.8 Water Treatment Works Site, Including Pumping Station Potential Irnpacts Nlitigation MIeasures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Plant,hut-downs lwhole or Contractspecifications. O&M Operatingrecords c part) procedures Rawwater problems 1 Sourceprotection. monitoring Plantand EPB records d Noise Low noiseequipment Ambientlevels. complaints d Chemicalhandling Designand safety equipment and Records e measures Safetv Design.safete equipment and training Tramingrecords e Distributionsystem overload Designrev ie%% Modelsand plans reviewvs c.e Powerfailure i Backuppower or doubleteed [ Records c Air pollutionafftecting Coverall treatmentunits PlansReview e treatmentunits Treatedwater quality Realtime control jDaily records d.e problems L _ Table E 4.9 Residuals Disposal Responsible PotentialImpacts MitigationMeasures MonitoringType Agencies Quantityof residualstoo high | Settlement.ponds Daily records j Qualitr .; residualsis a ! S problem Sameas above Quarterlysampling e Ambientimoacts to iocal i Slowrelease rather than largeslue flows Quarterlysampling d environment thickeningstorage) 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-37 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN UR13ANENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volumt 3, - Appendix E E:5 Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW E 5.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) Water Oualitv Improvements The collection and treatment of 300 000 m-'ld of domestic and industrial wastewater wvithin Chengdu w'illhave major water quality improvement benefits to the Shahe and Fuhe rivers within Chengdu and smaller benefits for the downstream Min River. The proposed project will be a siginificantstep towards the recovery of these surface waters but will not be sufficient to enable them meet the targeted Class 3 surface water standards without other major interventions. The current polluted conditions result from a combination of factors including rural loads(natural and agricultural sources). urban loads (domestic, industrial and non-point sources) and insufficientbase flows at certain times of the year. The urban pollution impacts assessment assessed the potential water quality impacts of proposed SUEP projects through the use of a water quality index. The greatest benefit from the proposed Chengdu No. 2 scheme will be along the Sha He through the city of Chengdu wherethere could be as much as a 50%improvement in the water quality reach index. In the Fu He downstream of the citv of Chengdu. there would be a 20% improvement in the reach index. According to the modelling results. the Min would also be improved by about 10% as far downstream as Leshan. The first phase SUEP projects, including the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW. are designed to start the process of surface water improvement(as well as the adjacent aroundwater system). Future phases of the SUEP will address control of the other rural and urban pollution sources. as well as potential river-flow and stream channel enhancements. Sanitation and Public Health One of the most tangible and direct benefits of this wastewater collection and treatment scheme will be the removalof raw domestic and industrial overflows to the local drainage and surface water svstems in the citv (except for emergency bypass conditions). The pollutants in municipal wastewaterare suspended and dissolved solids consisting of inorganic and organic matter, nutrienits.oil and grease.toxic substances. and pathogenic micro-organisms. Urban stormwater can contain the same pollutants. occasionallv in surprisingly high concentrations. Human wastes that are not properly treated and are disposed of at the point of origin or collected and carried awvav(nightsoil), pose risks of parasitic infections (through direct contact with faecal material) and hepatitis and various gastrointestinaldiseases including cholera and typhoid (through contaminationof watersupplies and food). When wastewater is collected but not treated properly before disposal or reuse. the same public health hazards exist at the point of discharge. For the receivina waters, additional harmful effects will occur such as: habitats for aquatic life are impaired bv accumulated solids: oxyLen is depleted by decomposition of organic material: and aquatic organisms may be further harmed bv toxic substances. which mav spread to higher organisms through bioaccumulation. Dowinstream Water Use 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-38 DECEMvBER1998 SICIJIAN URLIANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIR0oNMEII:NTALASSESSMENT Volumnc3 - AppendixE Water is used intensively in the Sichuan Province and the discharge of wastewater in one location quicklv becomes the raw water suppiv source for a downstream irrigation. domestic or industrial user. The improvementof the quality of this suppiv will have obvious positive effects on the productivity of agricultural land and reduction of treatment svstem costs for domestic and industrial users. These benefits accrue to entities that are not directlv paying for the improvements. emphasising the need for a comprehensive SUEP viewpoint relative to costs and benefits of improvementschemes. .4estheticsand WfaciterAmenity The surface waters in Chengdu form a major backdrop and focus in the citv and the improvement of water quality and sanitarv conditions along these drainage wavs will greatly improve the city aesthetics. Urban renewal efforts are already underway in the city to replace dilapidated buildines with river side parks and water amenities. In Mav 1998. dragon boat races were held on the renewed Nan River for the first time in 37 vears. Watervavs historically form focal points for economic and tourist activities and the citv should reap these benefits with the implementationof this scheme. Power Produiction Potential There is a potential to install gas engines and produce electricitv from gyasproduced by the anaerobic di2estion facilities. The proper operation of the digestion facilities will have to be confirmed before this potential can be realised. However, the environmental benefits of a water pollution control facility will be enhanced if it also produces energy. E 5.2 PotentialShort Term ConstructionImpacts, Mitigation and iMonitoring E 5.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Compensation The compensation for the opened highway. road and farmland will be in accordance with the Reguliation for the Land Management of Sichuan Province and MWeasuresfbr the Comnpensation of the Land Acquisition for Public Facilities Construction and the Relocattion of the Resicdents of Chengdzu. Resettlement and compensation costs are estimated at 131 million Yuan and include 478 mu of land and the resettlement of 340 households (see RAP for fiurtherdetails). Demolition There is minimum demolition required for this project component and the issue has been covered in the RAP for the project. .Voisean7d DustI The interceptor sewer wvillbe excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. If it is necessarv to utilise groundwater pumps. thev will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especially important for night-time dewatering. The existing agricultural area should not be a problem for construction of the WNTW. There were no sensitive areas noted and it was recommendedto prohibit the use of trucks and heavy equipmentat least b,v23:00 hr. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-39 DECEMBER 1998 SICIiUAN UL';AN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumer - Appendix E Management practices are recommendedto minimise erosion and runoff from storage piles and for site clean up after construction is completed. Transportation There are minimal road crossings required and operational and scheduling plans have been developed to minimise traffic impacts. There is a railway crossing which will require tunnelling as per standard practice for such crossings. so there will be no disruption. Safriv Issues The pipe trenches will be excavated bv hand up to iO m deep in sand and gravel strata. Steel trench suipportsxvill be used in order to protect against trench collapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. PtublicFacilities There are no identifiedmajor impacts to public facilities. The stream crossings can easilv be accomplishedwith minimal impact or flow disruption. The railway will be tunnelled so there will be no impacts. The crossing of Cheng Ren road should be accomplishedat night. if possible. to minimise traffic disruption. E 5.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring ManagementPlans Table E 5.1 Wastewater Conveyor Potential Impacts Nfitigation Measures 1 Monitoring Type | Rensie ______Agencies Relocations and iand i RAPs and adequatecompensaLion Sampling and complaints j c.d conversion Dust and Air quafiiz Contract provisions. supervision Records e i Noise Limited hours. equipment design N1onthly logs e.d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints e k Stream and road crossings Best Management Practices IBMPs) Wecklv loes e eSaletr Trainine and contract provisions Accident/training records e. c aRiverdsreamebankstahilit! Best Nanagement Practices ;BMPsij Weeklylogs - andeliviroinmentll ilaterial hauling Operatinghours, routingprovisions Truck logb.complaints c.dc| 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-40 DECEMBER 1998 SIClIUAN URIAANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESS;MENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 5.2 Wastewater Treatment Plant (Liquids Management) Responsibie PotentialImpacts Nlitigation Mleasures MonitoringType Ronsie Relocationsand land RAPsand adequate compensation Samplingand complaints c conversion Aesthetics Architecturaldesign and landscaping Visual,complaints d Noise Limited hours.equipment design j Monthl logss d Erosion/site work BestManagement Practices (BMPs) Weekh%los e Satetv Trainingand contract provisions Accidenvutrainingrecords e DUSLhauling -air quality Contractprovisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts I Dewatering I BestManagement Practices (BMPs) Weeklv logs e Table E 5.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant (Sludge Management) T ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Responsible Potential Impacts MitigatioanMeasures MlonitoringType Agenes Relocationsand land RAPsand adequate compensation Samplingand complaints c conversion j _ Aesthetics Architecturaldesign and landscaping Visual.complaints d Noise Limitedhours. equipment design Monthl%logs Id Erosionand site vwork j NIPs W ecklv logs c Saterv Training andcontract provisions Accidentand training records L Dust.hauling air quality I Contractprovisions. supervision Records ec.c.d impacts _ _ _ _ _ Table E 5.4 Construction Debris Disposal PotentialImpacts MlirigationNleasures I Mlonitorinr Ttpe Responsible ______I A gencies I ncontrolleddisposal site \lonitor disposal Visual.truck loss c.d I lazardousmaterial use Monitor useand disposal Visual. trucklogs c.d anddisposal Director indircctdumping Mlonitordisposal. contract provisions Visual.inspections c.d in streams _ 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-41 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volumc 3 - Appendix E E 5.3 Potential Operational Phase Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 5-3.1 Impacts Sew aegeOverflows (collection, pump stations. plant.) Raw sewage will be allowed to bypass the WwTW during electrical outages or plant operational problems. The WwvTWwet well at the inlet to the plant will provide only a short- term buffer for such situations and raw sewage will be soon bvpassed under these circumstances. However. it is not considered cost-effective to provide either larger storage for these situations or alternative power supplies. Raw sewage currentlv dischargesto surface waters untreated. It is noted that the Fu River will not meet the recommendedClass III for surface water standards whether the treatment plant operates or not. As such, the large cost to mitigate this situation is not deemed appropriateduring Phase I of SUEP. Inidustrial WYasteUpsets There is a large industrial contribution to the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW (over 50%) and there is an unknown level of pre-treatment in this area. There is a possibilitv of industrial waste upsets to the plant but rigorous influent monitoring will be specified as well as operational plans to mitigate such problems. The limited sampling conducted by the SRIEP indicates that industrial upsets will not be a problem. ioise The acoustic environment in the plant site is relatively good as it is set in farmland and no industrv is located nearbv. For monitoring background sound levels. four points were selected bv SRIEP at residential sites south. north. west and east of the WTW respectivelv. The measured background values of the proposed site are 10 - I I dB(A) and 3 - 10 dB(A) lower than the specified limits for Class A. which are 55dB(A) in the daytime and 45 dB(A) at night-time respectivelv (Urban Regional EnvironmentalNoise Standard. GB3096-93). The existing situation of background noise in the plant site is relafively good. Class A of GB3096-93 is suitable mainly for residential quarters and cultural and educationalareas. It is also suitable for residential areas in the countrvside. There are three proposed retLrn-sludge pump houses at about 170 m away from one to another. Since most of the facilities of the proposed plant are similar to those of Sanwavao. SRIEP used the Sanwvavaosound level for the return-sludge pump houses. i.e. 78 dB(A). The combined sound level from 3 return-sludge pump houses is predicted to be 85.8 dB(A) bv calculation. Attenuation of sound is affected bv a number of factors. such as buildings. vegtetationcover. meteorological conditions. and so on. Because the engineering siructures of the plant are low in height and spaced out from each other and the investigationrange is long, a semi-free attenuation model of noise source was used to estimate the sound level. The shortest distance from one of the return-sludge pump houses to the plant boundarv is 80 m (to the southern boundary). In order to guarantee the degree of confidence in the noise level forecasted. SRIEP assumed a combinedsource was located there. The sound level at the southern boundarv is 47.8dB(A). Based on the ambient background noise monitoring results. the maximum value 45dB(A) is selected as the background value of noise. The sound level at the northern boundarv is 49.6dB(A) bv calculation. As class B of GB12348-90 is used to 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-42 DECEM1BER1998 SIC-IUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTIROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSNIENT Volume 3 - Appendix F evaluate the noise level at the northern boundary, 6OdB(A) for daytime and 5OdB(A) for night-time. the proposed project can meet the standard. After the completion of the project, Class B of GB3096-93 will be used for the outer area of the plant. that is 6OdB(A)for daytime and 5OdB(A)for night-time. The same standards are used for the area at the boundarv and outside of the boundary. Therefore noise in the outer area of the plant will also meet the standard. The project will not affect the external environment in term of noise disturbance. However,the project includes normal noise control measures such as noise barrier rooms, and the provision of a greenbelt area surroundingthe facility. Odours Offensive odours generated in the operational phase of the plant emit in the form of plane source. According to the data acquired from an investigation of the Sanwavao WwTW (considered a worst-case scenario due to the varietv of operational problems evident at this WwTW), SRIEP modelled potential odours at the proposed WwTW. Since offensive odours are emitted from ground sources. an inversion layer close to the ground can affect diffusion in the air. According to the statistical data available. inversion layers close to the ground occur all the year round. Their frequency of occurrence is 5% in the morning, or 22% in the evening. The annual mean thickness is 278.1 m at 7:00 am. or 153.5 m at 7:00 pm, so it is thicker in the morning than in the evening. Under worst case scenarios using data from the problematic SanwavaoWwTW, the following predicted odours were obtained: (I) Concentrations of ammonia. trimethylamineand hydrogen sulphideare lower than their standard values at the plant boundarv, only the concentrationsof methvl mercaptan and methyl sulphide exceed the standard values at 300 meters and 300 meters away from the plant boundarv,respectively. (2) Concentrations of offensive chemicals decrease quickly as the distance increases.especially within 300 meters from their sources. Much of the concern over the potential for local odour problems is based on investigationsof the Sanwayao WwTW. This facility has historicaliv had problems operating the sludge dizestion facilities and this mav cause a large source of the odour problems there. In addition. this facilitv bvpasses significant raw untreated sewage everv dav that is also a source of odours. Finaliv. the operation and maintenance of the facilitv has had problems and periodically. insufficient aeration seems to occur. All of these problems would indicate that the problems should not be as severe at the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW. The site is in an a_ricultural area and the use of a ureenbelt and tree plantings should also mitigate anv potential problems to a significant degree. Effluent wvaterqualitv impact Treated effluent will constitute a pollution source and impact on the Fu locally and for several km downstream. This condition is also aggravated bv the fact that raw and treated wastewater from Sanwavao also enters this reach of the Fu river. The treated effluent from 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-43 DECEMBER1998 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTI'ROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESsMENrr Volulic S - Appcndix E Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW will cause an impact but overall the river condition will improve due to overall organic loading reduction. Sludge treatmentand disposal Sludge at the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW will be anaerobicallv digested and dewatered. As mentioned.all digested and dewatered sludge will be hauled to the existing Chengdu landfill for final disposal. The use of this sludge for agricultural fertiliser has not been approved bv the Provincial EPB. The onlivoperational concerns over the sludge management svstem is that sludge storage facilities should be covered (main concern is the wet season rains) and a truck depot should be constructed for loading sludge for transport to the landfill. At design conditions. the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW is predicted to produce 230 t/day of sludge. requiring 39 truck loads per day hauling to the Chengdu landfill. The landfill is 35 km from the city hauling will be a significant impact. SRIEP have evaluated the proposed sludge hauling route. It includes Cheng Ren Road. the Second Ring Roadto Qu Luo Dai Countv in Chengdu Nr 2 Yi. No particular problems were noted with this hauling plan. At the landfill, a special discharge point will be built to allow for sanitarv dumping of the sludge to the landfill. SRIEP also notes that the landfill is equipped with a leachate treatment station. in case the sludge dumping increases leachate production. This sludge production amountsto about 10% of the current MSW loading to the landfill and will not affect the short-term life of the landfill. Plans for further expansion of this landfill are alreadv underway. Anaerobic sludge digestion facilities will be constructed at the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW. Problems have been experienced at Sanwavao WwTW sludge digestion facilities due to inadequate mixing. Chengdu wish to continue with anaerobic digestion and, with the opportunity to purchasewell proven equipment from the western counties. they are confident that the benefits of the process will be realised. Followinga period of operation. when the gas production rates are confirmed and the calorific vaiue of the gas is established. the Chengdu WW Co. may plan to install gas en-Ines coupled to power generation plant. This approach has been evaluated and presented in the Chengdu feasibilitv report. It is shown that the power that can be generated will be about 2 200 kw. This would be an additional positive benefit to the WwTW if realised. O&M Problems Sanwavao W%TW problems indicate that O&M could be a problem. The design of the Chend.duNr 2 WwTW has mitigated the design features but mitigationimonitoring 'will need to insure that the . astewater company does not trv to cut back on poxverconsumption for aeration. sludge digestion.etc. OrgamnicLoadkig andStandards The first concern related to the potential for the WwTW influent concentrations of organic pollutants to either be much greater than or much less than the desigynparameters for the WwTW. This concern is coupled with the concern over the fact that the Sanwavao WwTW does not meet national discharge standards. either for concentration or the percent removal of organic pollutants. The influent domestic sewage at the Sanwavao WwTW is still combined with stormwater that causes lower concentrations of organic pollutants. The widespread use 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-44 DECEMIBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3- AppendixE of septic tanks upstreamof sewers also contributes to these low loadings. The design values used for Chenedu Nr 2 appear reasonable when compared to the limited sewer sampling results, takin_ into account that the sewers have been separated. and septic tanks will eventually be eliminated. The concern over the potential for organic loading to be too high relative to design standards is coupled with the second concern over the lack of COD design standards and the fact that the Sanwayao WwTW does not meet the discharge standards for COD. The Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW is a secondarv biological wastewater treatment works that can easilv handle normal loadings of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater that has been adequately pre-treated at the industries. Organic loadings that are higher than the design standards, including high COD loads. are indicative of problems with pre-treatment of industrial wastewater in the sewerage catchment. The reported COD loadings in the Chengdu Nr 2 WwTW sewerage catchment mav indicate such problems. If such a problem occurs. the solution is for the EPB and the Wastewvater Company to apply and enforce adequate industrial pre-treatment standards, not to apply unreaiistic design standards on the Chengdu Nr ' WwTW. The third potential concern related to the ability of the WwTW to adequateiy remove ammonia. and meet the discharge standards. The WwTW has been designed and sized for full ammonia removai. If the facility is operated as proposed. including maintaining adequate dissolved oxvgen in the aeration basin. full ammonia removal should be achieved. The effluent ammonia concentrations should easily meet relevant discharge standards. E 5.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 5.5 Solid Waste, Septage, and Direct Discharge Sources Rsonsiblei PotentialImpacts Mitigation M,Ieasures i MonitoringTypeA!encies I oonitoringbTypeees Uncontrolleddirect or Entorceordinances. provide better Inspectionsand fines d. f indirectdumping of soiid I Solid Wastecoilection sites. cleanup waste.to surfacewater campaigns Scptagedmliiped directly Lo |Enact andenforce iocal ordinances. List ot ordinancesand I d. c. e streamsor indircctl | providetor septageueatment enforcementstatistics throughsewNer syste'ms Industrialsolid waste i Entorceordinances. monitor adjacent 1 Ordinancesand enftbrcement b. d directdumpin: n aater'raadlto statistics a l Industrialhazardous and Fnactanid entsarcc a grave Instailationof programand b.d toxic wastedirect dumping trackinsand treatment system for trackingand treatmentrecords Sur inidirectimpact to lhazardousitoxic *vastc|I groundw%ater j | 41367.EA.APPI:NDIXE E-45 DECEMvlBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRON,MENTPROJECT ENVIRONNMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3- AppendixE Table E 5.6 Raw Sewage, Domestic and Industrial Sources to Sewer Svstems Potential Impacts MMitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Low strengthdomestic Eliminateseptic tanks when not Samplesewer systems. WwTWAg c sewage.(use of septic needed.ensure that local connections influent andconnection record tanks. or high inftration aremade and are watertight or intflow) Septagedumping causing Enactand enforce local ordinances. List of ordinancesand c.d treatmentdisruption or providefor septagetreatment enforcementstatistics. inspect. bypasses Industrialpre-treatment Enactand enforce adequate pre- Pre-treatmentmonitor & inspect.. b.d.e problems treatmentprograms and make WwTW influentrecord responsibleto wastewatercompany Industrialaccidents and Enactregulations requiring List of ordinancesand records of {d spills.problems- sewers or notificationof theWwTW aswell as incidentsand compliance treatmentworks | specitiedprotection measures Excessiveinfiltration or Performvisual/TV/or other Recordsot' sewer system e inflow in sewersystems inspectionsot'the sewer systems and evaluations I takecorrective action Changesin domestic Monitorchanges in wvateruse rates Meterand plant records e consumptioncausing andwastewater generation rates by designload variation neighbourhoods I Changesin industrial Monitorchanges in industrialquantity Flow andqualirv records d.e consumptioncausing andquality through enforced pre- designload variation treatmentprogram Table E 5.7 Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations t J | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~jResponsible' PotentialImpacts Measures MonitoringMlitigationType Responsible - ~~~~~~IIAgencies I O%ertlovimpacts in Sewerseparation. lntiltrationrintllo Number.quantity estimate of d.c gen:ralto healthand correction.protect overtlows overflows environment Excessovertlo%%s Evaluateand improve collection Numberof overtlowsplotted d.c systems againststorm events I lumandirect contact jlrotect outletsand do%%nstream users Visualand healthrecords d.c.health nImpactsto surfacewaters Dl)eelopmixing zones to dissipate Visuaiand surface water d impacts monitoring Sensitivearea impacts j Relocateor adjustoverflow if possible Visual andcompliance records c.d 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-46 DECEMvlBER1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixF Table E 5.8 Wastewater Transmission and Pumping PotentialImpacts Mitigation Measures.iI~~~AiO ~ ~easures ~ ~~~lonitorina Type ResponsibleAgencies Foul odours and gases | Properdesign and industrial waste Samplingand compliance records c.d controls Accidentsworking in Satetytraining 1Trainineand accident records e sewers Accidentaloverflows while DetailedO&M proceduresand Records r working in system preventionof directdumpina into system Sewersystem blockages DetailedO&M proceduresand Records.visual observation of c.d preventionof directdumping into cleaningequipment system.cleaning equipment available Noisefrom pumpstations Designand protective measures Ambientmonitoring and c.d complaints Powerfailure at pump Backuppower system or dual feed Electricmeters and visuai check d.e stations of the backupsystem or .______I secondary feed Mechanicalfailure at pump Design.O&M procedures.spare parts Weeklylogs d.c stations availabie j Leakscontaminating local Designand protective measures Ambientmonitonng and c.d groundwater compiaints Table E 5.9 WastewaterTreatment Plant PotentialImpacts F 'litigarion 'leasures I lonitormnglype Responsible I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Low%eror higherintiuent r Septictank usage rates. i Connectionand operating records e quantityor qualitythan Infiltrationrinflowmonitoring. I expected enforcementrecords of pre-treatment I I ______program | Bypassesmore trequent Sewersystem nonitoring. O&NI WwTW andCirn EPBrecords I e.d thanplanned procedures Noise FDesign and protective measures AmbienLcompiaints c.d Accidents.including gas. , Trainingprograms Trainingand accident records c.e expiosioins.etc. Chemicalhandling Design.saten training.waming j Training andaccident records. c.e accidents s' stems isual I ou\er tailure Backups>stcm and/ordual ielcctric Electricmeters. visual c.e teed! Equipment tailurc e Desien.O&M program.spare part Daiiy loys. meters I Equipmentfailure a%ailabilit l Operationalproblems Desian.operator training. laborator 1Daily logs. trainingrecords j testine rcd Pooreftluenc quufit\ Monitor\ andenlorce discharge Dail recordsand entorcemenL c.d records monitor I 41367.EA.AI'PENDIXE E-47 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSiMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 5.10 Sludge Management Svstem ; ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~Responsible- PotentialImpacts NlitigationMleasures MonitoringType Revnie PC ~~~Aeencies Lack of adequate Mlonitorstabilisation system use and Inspectionand daily logs td.health stabilisation perfomiance.monitor sludge quality 1ligh heavymetal 'vionitorraw sewageand sludge Quarterlysampi ing of metalsin e.d.b concentrationsfor land 'quality influent.semi-annual of sludge application Safety Designand training Training.accident records c.e Inadequateliquid control Design.O&MNl. operator training Inspectionand dails loes e.d duringdewaterine Odours Design.O&M. operatortraining Ambientlevels, compiaints e.d Equipmentfaiiure Design.O&1 program.spare part Satetvtraining and visual checks cce j availability of wamingsystems Landfill problemsin Designstandards. leachate treatment Visual.inspections. leachate e.t:d ,handlingsludge {systems i monitor Table E 5.11 Receivina Water Issues PotentialImpacts Mitigation Measures MlonitoringType | Responsibie Unplal1nedovert10uo W'arning devicesfor dovwnstream Visualand/or sounid observations c.d impactson waterusers and users ambientquality Pooreffluent impacts oii TelephonenotificaEion for Dailv logs,monitor compliance e.d.c |waterusers and ambient downstreamusers of problems quality occurring Sludgedumping. industrial ,Monitor andenforce disposal Logs.monitor. enforcement e.d.b I impactimpacts jinwater ordinances records I usersand ambient qualitxy Healthimpacts aue to all Protectfrom public contact Posting.tencing. health records e.d ot above I I_ Table E 5.12 Wastewater Reuse and Downstream Users ______I Responsible PotentialImpacts MlitigationMeasures MlonitoringTypeTepnsies Adopt.monitor and [ Ordinances,records and inspections Records.inspection reports b. e.c.d enforcereuse ordinance!, I Negativeimpacts to i oitication proceduresadopted and Visualobservation otwaming C.d.c dow-nstreamwater supply | used system intak-esduring bypassesor problems Aquaticimpacts during Regularquarterly ambient sampling. Samplingrecords d.b bypassesor problems periodicbio-monitoring ji 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-48 DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Vuoluivi3 - AppciidixE E 6 Leshan WastewaterCollection and Preliminary TreatmentSvstem E 6.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) Wcter Qualitv Improvements The serious water quality problems experienced in the reaches of the Min River through Leshan have been outlined. The seriousness of this problem is highliQhtedbv the decision of Leshan to abandon extraction of raw water from the Min except for emergencies. Although the Min water quality improves dramatically downstream of Leshan due to inflow from the Dadu, the reaches within the city remain highly polluted in the dry-season. The Chengdu WwTW. proposed in SUEP Phase I will only improve the water quality within Leshan to a minimal degree. The proposed wastewater collection and preliminary treatment project for Leshan will have the capacity to remove over 250 000 m3/d of raw sewage which would otherwise be discharged to surface waters within Leshan. either directly to the Min or indirectly through the Zhugong Xi stream. Hence. localised water quality within the Zhugong Xi and the Min will improve dramaticalivthrough implementationof the project. There is insufficientwater quality monitoring data in these reaches to provide quantitative estimates of the degree of water qualitv improvementthat can be expected but the results should be significant. Sanitation and Public Health One of the most tangible and direct benefits of this wastewater collection and treatment scheme will be the removal of the continuous raw domestic and industrial overflows to the local drainage and surface water systems in the citv (except for emergency bvpass conditions). The pollutants in municipal wastewater are suspended and dissolved solids consisting of inorganic and organic matter, nutrients, oil and grease. toxic substances. and pathogenicmicro-organisms. Urban stormwater can contain the same pollutants.occasionallv in surprisingiv high concentrations. Human wastes that are not properly treated and are disposed of at the point of origin or are collected and carried away pose risks of parasitic infections (through direct contact with faecal material) and hepatitis and various gastrointestinal diseases including cholera and tvphoid (through contamination of water supplies and food). When wastewater is collected but not treated properlv before disposal or reuse, the same public health hazards exist at the point of discharge. For the receiving waters. additional harmful effects wvilloccur such as: habitats for aquatic life are impaired bv accumulated solids: oxygen is depleted bv decomposition of organic material: and aquatic organisms mav be further harmed by toxic substances. which may spread to higher organisms through bioaccumulation. Dowi'nstream P'ViterUse Water is used intensivelv in the Sichuan Province and the discharge of wastewater in one location quickly becomes the raw water supply source for a downstream irrigation. domestic or industrial user. The improvement of the qualitv of this supply will have obvious positive effects on the productivity of agricultural land and reduction of treatment system costs for domestic and industrial users. These benefits accrue to entities that are not directlv paying for 41367.EA.APPIPNDIXE E-49 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT VolueC 3- Appciidix E the improvements. emphasising the need for a comprehensive SUEP viewpoint relative to costs and benefits of improvementschemes. Although this project onlv provides preliminary treatment. it forms the basis for long-term wastewater treatment facilities for Leshan. The proposed Zigong Water Supplv Project will have its new intake structure located downstream of Leshan on the Min. There are also manv other domestic water intakes located along this reach of the Min. Aesthetics and Water Amenitv The surface waters in Leshan form a major backdrop and focus in the city and the improvement of water quality and sanitary conditions along these rivers will greatly improve the city aesthetics. Urban renewal efforts are already underway in the city to replace dilapidated buildings with river-sideparks and water amenities. Tourism is a major industryin Leshan and economic development plans include a significant increase in tourism into the future. The waterwavs in Leshan have historically formed focal points for economic and tourist activities and the citv should reap these benefits with the implementationof this scheme. E 6.2 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 6.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Compensation The Leshan wastewater project will require 16 mu of,land for the pumping stations. There will be 53 households with 160 people requiring resettlement. The people are existing urban dwellers and will not require new emplovment. The RAP includes cost for the temporarv and permanent land. temporarv and permanent agricultural damage, and demolition cost. Total RAP costs are approximately 7.7 million Yuan. The RAP will be implementedby the City municipal government. DemolitionISpoils There is minimum demolition required for this project component and the issue has been covered in the RAP for the project. No obvious impact will arise since no farmland. green belt. public facilities or residential houses in the project site. The waste soil of 19 00om'. resulted from the construction.will be used for back fill or disposed of after completion in an approved location. Voise acndDu.st Other impacts wvillbe caused by the construction such as noise. dust and partial soil erosion. The noise. intensity in the range of 80-95dB(A), comes from the operation of excavators. pile hammers, mixers. various vehicles and other engineering machines. In the central urban area of the citv. the construction is to be undertaken on both sides of the Zhugon= Xi River. along the No. 12 Road on the west side of the Min River and the Binjiang Road on the north side of the Dadu River. According to the Report on the Environmental Qualitv of Leshan. in most of the area along both sides of the Zhugong Xi River.the current noise is in the range of 55-65dB(A). In areas 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-50 DECEMBER1998 SICICUANURBAN ENVIRON,IMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNENT Volui3ii 3 - Appundi.x E along the No. 12 Binjiang Road, the noise mainly comes from traffic with intensity ranging from 65-7OdB(A) except for that of 70-75dB(A) in the area between Zhanggongqiaoto the Min Bridge. The additional noise will be a problem to the governmental organisations, various enterprises and residents situated along the constructionsite, and it will be even worse during night-time. Limiting construction to the daytime hours wvillmitigate noise problems. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour in many cases so dust and noise will be minimised. During the construction operation of construction equipment and the running of vehicles will generate noise. The noise levels will depend on the types and numbers of machines and vehicles. Generally their noise levels range from 80 to 90 dB(A). The constructionnoise will have adverse impact on people living near the construction site or along the highway. In order to meet the requirements specified by Boundary Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90), night-time construction activities will be prohibited, with the use of trucks and equipment prohibited by 23:00 hr each day (except for road crossings which may be allowed to minimise daytime construction impacts). If it is necessary to utilise groundwater pumps, they will be provided with appropriatenoise and vibration protection devices. This will be especially importantfor night-timedewatering. Mitigation measures will be required as well as monitoring. Management practices are recommended to minimise erosion and runoff from storage piles and for site clean up after construction is completed. Transportation There are minimal road crossings required and operational and scheduling plans have been developed to minimise traffic impacts. In the downtown area. the recommendation is to construct road crossings at night to minimise traffic problems. However. the previously mentioned noise problems may cause concerns with night construction. Safety Issues The pipe trenches will be excavated by hand in sand and gravel strata. Wide battered trenches or steel trench supports will be used in order to protect against trench collapse. Strict safety measures will be recommended. Putblic Facilities Access to the major urban corridor and public buildings will be temporarilvdisrupted bv this constrmction. In addition. there will be major construction impacts along the waterways and parks and boat docks in the centre of the citv. It will be important to minimise these impacts through careful construction management including minimising the areas of disturbance and quick reinstatement after completion of construction. 41367.EA.APPI:NDIXE E-51 DECEMIBER1998 SICi IUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT VoluiI 3 - Appcndix E E 6.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 6.1 Wastewater Convevor Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Nlonitoring T Responsible Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c.d conversion Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Records e Noise Limited hours. equipment design Monthly iogs e.d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints Te Stream and road crossings Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs e Satet% Training and contract provisions Accidentvtraining records e. c Riveristream bank stabilitv Best Management Practices (BlvlPs) Weekly logs e and environment Material haulinlg Operating hours. routing provisions Truck log,. complaints e.o.c Table E 6.2 Wastewater Treatment Plant Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agenciespb Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and compiaints c conviersion Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints d Nioise {Limited hours. equipment design Monthlv loes d Erosion/ site vork Best Management Practices (BMPs) WeeklY logs e Satett ~ jTraining and contract provisions Accidenutrainmg records e DOust. hauling - air qualit- Contract provisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts Dev%atering Best Management Practices (BMPs) weekly logs e Table E 6.3 Construction Debris Disposal _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Responsible Potential Impacts Mlitigation Measures lonitoring Type Rpgencies Uncontroll:d disposal site Monitor disposai Visual. truck logs c.d Hazardous material use Monitor useand disposal Visual. truck logs C.d and disposal Direct or indirect dumpig Monitor disposal. contract provisions Visual. inspections c.d in streams 41367.EA.AI'PENDIXE E-52 DECEMBER1998 SlCl-IU\N URBAN ENVIRONMtIENTIPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMIENT Volume3 - AppendixE E 6.3 Potential Operational Phase Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 6.3.1 Impacts Sewlaige(herflows (collection, pump stationsi Raw sewage will be allowed to bypass the pumping stations during electrical outages or plant operational problems. The pumping station wet wells will provide only a short-term buffer for such situations and raw sewa-e will be soon bvpassed under these circumstances. However, it is not considered cost-effective to provide either larger storage for these situations or alternative power supplies. Raw sewage currently discharges to surface waters untreated. As such, the large cost to mitigate this situation is not deemed appropriate during Phase I of SUEP. Inuzstrial Wyaste &fpsets There is an industrial contributionto the Leshan wastewaterfacilities and there is an unknown level of pre-treatment in this area. However, the major industries in the urban area have their wastewater collected by an industrial interceptor that discharges at the Min and Dadu confluence. There is a possibilitv of industrial waste problems for the sewer svstems and pump stations but the limited sampling conducted by the SRIEP indicates that the risk of this is small. Noise Monitoringof the acoustic environment in the area was conducted by SRIEP. The monitoring was conducted in accordance with methods detailed in the Urban Regional Noises Methods (GB/T14623-93). Monitoring was conducted at the future WwTW site and the major pump station site (Nr 3 PS). The Class B limits of the Urban Regional Noise Standards (GB3069- 93) were adopted and the standards are as follows: Day time: Laeq 60dB N ight time: LAcq 5OdB The monitored values showed that the acoustic environment in the future WwTW site and the pumpingstations was quite goodand is able to meet the requirements of Class B of the Urban Regional Noises Standards(GB3096-93). Mitigation measures will be included in the pump stations to prevent noise pollution in the vicinitv. Pump station Nr 3 will be especially important because of its location in the urban tourist area and the Grand Buddha protection zone. Odouirs There is a possibility of slight odours being produced at the three pump stations but it should not be severe under normal operations. The pump station design will include modern ventilation svstems to dissipate any localised odours. In the large Nr 3 pump station downtown. it will be important to direct the ventilated air toward the Dadu river and away from the adjacent park and public walkways. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-53 DECEMBER 1998 SCIIUC\N URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIEN1'ALASSESS.MENT Voiume 3 - Appcndix E Effluent water quality impact Currently. about 76 000 m; domestic sewage is discharged per dav in the urban area of Leshan. and 87% of it is disposed into the Leshan section of the Min River directly or indirectly without any treatment. The water quality in the Leshan section of the Min River is affected bv the municipal domestic sewage. and the concentration of the main pollutants is obviouslv higher after passing through the urban area than upstream. The number of coliform bacillus exceeds the standard by three times and the index of CODMfland NH3-H are at the critical level of exceeding the standard. The construction of the interceptorsewer system is proposed to be completed in 2010 with an interceptingcapacityv '54 000 m3 , accounting for 70% of the total discharge. This will reduce the pollutant load bv more than 60% in the Leshan section of the Min River. which will improve the water qualitv of this section and in the vicinity of the Grand Buddha. As mentioned. the wastewater facilities proposed for Leshan under phase I of SUEP consist oniy of preliminarvtreatment. As such. the overall pollutant loading to the downstream Mmin River is not measurably reduced. Of greater impact will be the removal of the wastewater from the urban centre. Raw sewage bypasses caused by power or mechanical failure will cause a localised impacts in the urban centre but these should be infrequent and the risk can be minimisedby proper maintenance. Screenings treatment and disposal The Leshan wastewaterfacilities includes three pump stations. Pump stations I and 2 contain coarse screening only with a 500 mm mesh screen for pump protection. Screenings will be collected. dewatered and hauled to the landfill. Liquids from dewatering will be returned to the pump station. Pump station Nr 3 is located in the downtown area at the junction of the Min and Dadu rivers and it will convey all the wvastewaterflow across the Dadu to the temporarv outfall location. A WwTW will be constructed south of this outfall location in a future phase of the SUEP. The Nr. 3 pump station will have both coarse screening at 500 mm and fine screening to 5 mm. as well as some provision for grit removal. There will be a significant production of screeningsand grit in this location. The original citv proposal was to remove this material via a river barge for disposal elsewhere. However. there no suitable disposal site was identified for this material. Hence. the design is being modified to include some screenings dewatering. storage and transport of compacted screenings and grit to the improved sanitary landfill for disposal. All three pump stations will require hauling of material to the landfill. but the Nr 3 pump station will produce significantly more material. It will be important to prevent disease vectors. insects and odour problems in the storage area since this is a verv visible site in the tourist area. Manv boats leave this area for tours of the river near the Grand Buddha. SRIEP also indicate that this area is located in the protection zone for the Grand Buddha. which will also require extra care. The control of these screenings will be an operational problem and the mitigation plan will call for inspections and monitoring of these procedures. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-54 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT. ENVIRONMENTAl.ASSI'SSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix E O&M Problems The risk during operation of the wastewater facilities refers to sewage discharges to rivers at the pump stations in the urban area rather than being transferred downstream of the city and the Grand Buddha. In order to avoid this situation happening, the following measures are recommended: Various items of equipment at the pump stations must be good qualitv with proper and reasonablecontrol and test apparatus and effectivelvmonitored. A secure power suppiv is a prerequisite for ensuring proper operation. so a secondary, back-up power supply source should be considered so that power failure can be avoided. Organic Loading and Standards This concern related to the potential for the wastewater,facilities influent concentrations of organic pollutantsto be either much greater than or much less than the design parameters. As mentioned previousiv, the lack of significant industrial loading to the sewers and pump stations due to the existence of the industrial interceptor greatly reduces this risk. In addition. the SRIEP monitoring of existing sewers in Leshan does not provide evidence of potential problems. Since the WwTW construction is being delaved to a future phase of SUEP. the concermfor this project is mainiv the safetv of the sewerage collection and pumping system. as wvellas for workers maintaining the svstem. E 6.3.2 Mitigationand MonitoringManagement Plans Table E 6.4 Solid Waste,Septage, and Direct DischargeSources Potential Impacts | Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsie - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Uncontrolleddirect or Entorce ordinances. provide better T Inspectionsand tines d. I Iindirect dumpina of solid Solid Wastecollection sites. cleanup I waste,to surtacewater campaigns . Septage dumped directly to i Enact and enforce local ordinances. List ol'ordinances and d. c. e streams or indirecth I pros ide for septage treatmenlt enfbrcement statistics I through sewer systems i iIndustrial solid waste Enforce ordinances. monitor adjacent Ordinances and entorcement b. d l directdumping !aterwavs statistics Industrial hazardousand Enact and entorce a cradle to erase Installation ot program and b.d toxic wastedirect dumping ! tracking and treatment system for trackin2 and treatmentrecords or indirect impact to - hazardous/toxic waste -___roundw_aLer |_. 41367.EA.APPI.NDIXE E-55 DECEMBER 1998 SICFIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volumc3- AppendixE Table E 6.5 Raw Sewage, Domestic and Industrial Sources to Sewer Systems Potential Impacts Mitigation .Measures MonitoringType Responsible I | Agencies Low strength domestic Eliminateseptic tankswhen not Sample sewer systems. WwTW 1 c sewage. (useof septic needed. ensure that local connections intluent and connection record tanks. or high infiltration are made and are w-atertight or inflow) Septagedumping causing i Enact and enforce local ordinances. List of ordinances and c.d treatmentdisruption or provide tbr septage treatment enforcement statistics. inspect. bvpasses Industrial pre-treatment Enact and enforce adequate pre- Pre-treatmentmonitor & inspecL. b.d.e problems treatmentprograms and make Wv'TW influent record responsibleto wastewater company Industrialaccidents and Enact regulationsrequiring List of ordinances and recordsof d spills. problems-se ers or notificationof the WwTW as well as incidents and compliance treatmentworks specified protection measures Excessive infilkrationor Performvisuat/TV/or other Records of sewer system c inflou in sewer s%stems inspectionsof the sesversystems and evaluations c otake correctiveaction Changes in domestic Monitorchanges in water use rates Meter and plant records e consumptioncausine and wastewatergeneration rates by design load variation neighbourhoods Changes in industrial Monitorchanges in industrial quantitr Flow and quaiity records d.e consumptioncausing | and qualiry through enforced pre- Idesign load variation treatmentprogram Table E 6.6 Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations Potential Impacts I litigation MIeasures XIlonitoringType Responsible Agencies Overtlou%impacts in Sewer separation. Infiltrationilnflom iNumber.quantiat estimate of - d.c general to health and , correction. protect ox.ertloxvs overflou%s environment . I Excessoverflows Evaluate and improvecollection Number of overtlows plotted d.c systems aeainst storm events Iiuman direct contact Ilrotectoutlets and dounstream users Visual and heaith records d.c.health Impacts to surtace oaters De%elopmixing zones to dissipate Visual and surtace water impacts monitoring Sensitive area impacts Relocateor adjust overtlow if possible Visual and compliance records c.d 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-56 DECEMBER 1998 SICIHIUAN LURBAN ENVIRON,MENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Voiume 3- Appendix E Table E.6.7 Wastewater Transmission and Pumping Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures NMonitoring Type Rsponsible Foul odours and gases Properdesign and industrial waste Sampling and compliance records c.d controls Accidents working in Safety training Training and accident records e eWers ii Accidental overflowNswhile Detailed O&M proceduresand Records e workine in s%sta:m prevention of direct dumping into system Sewer system blockages Detaiied O&M proceduresand Records. visual observation of c.d prevention oftdirect dumping into cleaning equipment system. cleaning equipment available Noise from pump stations Design and protective measures Ambient monitorine and c.d complaints Power failure at pump Backup powversystem or dual feed Electric meters and visual check d.e stations of the backup system or secondar fteed Mechanical f'ailure at pump Design. O&M procedures. saeprs Wkllosd.c stations available Leaks contaminating local Design and protective measures Ambient monitonng and c.d groundwater complaints Table E 6.8 Wastewater Treatment Plant Potential Impacts Nlitigation Measures NMonitoring Type i Responsible Accidents. including gas. Training programs Training and accident records I c.e explosions. etc. l Power failure Backup system and/or dual electric Electric meters. visual c.c feedf I [ EquipmentfailuTe |Design. O&M program. spare part Daily logs. meters * Equipment failure availability Operational problems [ Design. operator training. laboraton Daiiy loes. training records e I testing 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-57 DECEMBER 1998 SICIiUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMIENT Volume3 - Appendix E Table E 6.9 Solids Management Svstem PotentialImpacts MIitigation MIeasures | NIonitoringTvpt Responsible I Pe ~Agencies Safety Designand training Trainine.accident records c.e Odours Design.O&M. operatortraining Ambientlevels. complaints e.d Equipmentfailure Design.O&M program.spare part Safetr trainingand visual checks c.e availabilirv of waamingsystems Landfill problemsin Designstandards. leachate treatment Visuai.inspections. leachate e.td handlinesolids svstems monitor Table E 6.10 Receiving Water Issues PotentialImpacts M.litigation MIeasures MIonitoringType Responsible Pooretiluent impactson Telephonenotification for Dailv logs. monitorcompiiance gee.d.c Waterusers and ambient downstreamusers of problems qualitv occurring Sludgedumping. industriaal Monitorand enforce disposal Logs.monitor. entorcement e.d.b impactimpacts on water ordinances records usersand ambient quality Healthimpacts due to all Protectfrom public contact Posting.fencing. health records e.d of above ! I Table E 6.11 Downstream Users PotennalImpacts Nlitizarion Mleasures MlonitoringType Responsible I ~~~~~~~~Aaencies ;Negativeimpacts to I Notificationprocedures adopted and Visualobservation of warning e.d.c downstreamwater supply i used system intakes 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-58 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMNENrTlROJECT CNVIRONNIENTAL ASSESSMIENT Volume 3 - Appendix E E 7 Deyang WwTW E 7.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) W'VaterQualitv Improvements The urban area of the Mianvuan River conveys an annual average flow of 45 m'/s but this can drop to effectively zero flow during the dry season. As such. the dry-season base flow of the MianVuanwill consist mainiv of the wastewatereffluent from the proposed treatment works. The collection and treatment of 100 000 m5'/d of domestic and industrial wastewater within Deyang will have major water quality improvement benefits for the Mianyuan river within Devang and significant but smaller benefits to the downstream Tuo River. The proposed project will be a significantstep towards the recoverv of these surface waters but will not be sufficient to enable them meet the targeted Class 3 surface water standards without other major interventions. The current polluted conditions result from a combination of factors including rural loads (natural and agricultural sources). urban loads (domestic. industrial and non-point sources) and insufficient base flows at certain times of the vear. In addition, no improvement of the water quality of the Shiting River will be achieved in the urban area because the citv sewerage plan will not divert direct wastewater discharges to the WwTW until later Phases of the SUEP. The urban pollution impacts assessment assessed the potential water quality impacts of proposed SUEP projects through the use of a water quality index. The proposed WwTW will brine about a significantimprovement in water qualitv in the Mianyuan river and will sli2htlv improve the quality of the upper Tuo. The qualitv of the upper parts of the Mianyuan could also be improvedbv reducing BOD dischargesfrom the paper mills. The first phase SUEP projects. including the Deyang WwTW, are designed to start the process of surface water improvement (as well as the adjacent groundwater system). Future phases of the SUEP will address control of the other rural and urban pollution sources. as well as potential river-flow (flow augmentation)and stream channel enhancements. Sanitation and Public Health Manv stagnant water ponds have been formed along the Mianyuan. The urban wastewater flowing into the river and the pollution of the surface water, especially the worsening of the water qualitv in the ponded areas. aggravate the pollution of the water environment. After the WwvTWremoves the raw wastewater from the river. it is estimated that the condition of many ponds in the river-bed will aradually improve. The outvard appearance of the water will greatly improve. One of the most tangible and direct benefits of this wastewater collection and treatment scheme will be the removal of the raw domestic and industrial overflows to the local drainage and surface water systems in the city (except for emergency bypass conditions). The pollutants in municipal wastewater are suspended and dissolved solids consisting of inorganic and organic matter. nutrients. oil and grease. toxic substances. and pathogenic micro- organisms. Urban stormwater can contain the same pollutants, occasionally in surprisinglv hiyh concentrations. Human wastes that are not properiv treated and are disposed of at the point of origin or collected and carried away (night soil), pose risks of parasitic infections 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-59 DECEMBER 1998 SICICHUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMIENT Volume3 - AppendixE (through direct contact with faecal material), hepatitis and various gastrointestinal diseases including cholera and typhoid (through contamination of water supplies and food). When wastewater is collected but not treated properly before disposal or reuse, the same public health hazards exist at the point of discharge. For the receiving waters. additional harmful effects will occur such as: habitats for aquatic life are impaired bv accumulated solids: oxygvenis depleted bv decomposition of organic material: and aquatic organisms mav be further harmed bv toxic substances. which mav spread to higher organisms through bioaccumulation. DowvnstreanmWVater Use The main surface water source in Deyang is the Mianvuan River, which has an average annual catchmentrun-off of 466 million n'n. Since much of the water is removed upstream by the GongnongCanal to irrigate farmland, the flow rate in the cit,Ysection in drv season is very low and is sometimeszero. The water is so severely polluted that it cannot be used as a water source for the citv, which results in the use of groundwater. Downstream of Devang, Lianshan Township uses the Mianyuan river for a potable water supply, indicating the seriousness of this water quality problem, as do other domestic users further downstream in the Tuo basin. Water is used intensivelv in thie Sichuan Province and the discharge of wastewater in one location quickli becomes the raw water supply source for a downstream irrigation. domestic or industrial user. Downstreamcities that utilise the Mianvuan River will benefit bv having a higher quality raw water for treatment. The improvement in the quality of this suppiv will have obvious positive effects on the productivitv of acricultural land and the reduction of treatment system costs for domestic and industrial users. These benefits accrue to entities that are not directly paving for the improvements, emphasising the need for a comprehensive SUEPviewpoint regarding the costs and benefits of improvementschemes. .4esthetics and WVaterAmenirv The surface waters in Deyane form a major backdrop and focus in the citv and the improvement of water quality and sanitarv conditions along these rivers will greatly improve the cirv aesthetics. Urban renewal efforts are already underway in the citv to replace dilapidated buildingoswvith river-side parks and water amenities. Waterways historically form focal points for economic and tourist activities and the city should reap these benefits with the implementation of this scheme. E 7.2 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts. Mitigation and Monitoring E 7.2.1 Impacts Relocutiot? CalictCotmpensaiion The Devang WwTW project will require 159 mu of land. Twenty four households with 108 people require resettlement. For the pipeline. temporary land acquisition of 22 mu is required. The RAP includes cost for the temporary and permanent land. temporary and permanent agricultural damage. and demolition cost. The total RAP cost is 20.8 million Yuan. The RAP will be implemented by the City municipal government (see RAP for further details). 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-60 DECEMBER 1998 SlCIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume ' - Appendix E Demolition/Spoils There is minimum demolition required for this project component and the issue has been covered in the RAP for the project. Surplus spoil arising from interceptor construction will be used to construct the proposed I km long flood wall, adjacent to the WwTW. or for raising the WwTWsite to provide flood protection. Noise and Dust Heavy load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emitting significant noise during pipe laving. with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB(A). The noise impact should not be significant since they will only operate in the daytime. they are less frequentthan vehicle flows on existing roadways. and the sites are not near urban areas. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Limiting constructionto the davtime hours will mitigate noise problems. The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour in many cases so dust and noise will be minimised. During the construction operation of construction equipment and the running of vehicles will generate noise. The noise levels will depend on the types and numbers of machines and vehicles. Generallv their noise levels range from 80 to 90 dB(A). The construction noise will have adverse impact on people living near the construction site or along the highway. In order to meet the requirements specified by Boundary Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90), night-time construction activities will be prohibited. with the use of trucks and equipment prohibited bv 23:00 hr each day (except for road crossings which may be allowed to minimise daytime construction impacts). If it is necessarv to utilise groundwater pumps. they will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protection devices. This will be especially important for night-time dewatering. Mitigation measures will be required as well as monitoring. Management practices are recommended to minimise erosion and runoff from storage piles and for site clean up after construction is completed. Dust emitted from house dismantling and building construction of the plant will have adverse impact on the environment. In addition. activities such as pipe laying. earthwork and filling also generate tlying dust and cause air pollution. However. the impact of tlying dust will be temporary. localisedand limited to the construction period. Tiransportu tion There are minimal road crossingisrequired and operational and scheduling plans have been developed to minimise traffic impacts. Saetev Issues The pipe trenches will be excavated by hand. except in rock. when stratum consist of sand and gravel materials they will require wide/battered trenches in order to protect against trench collapse. Strict safetv measures will be recommended. Public Facilities The proposedproject neariv has minimal impact on public facilities. houses and traffic. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-61 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumc 3 - AppendLi E Wastewater quantities rising from construction activities will be small and mainly domestic sewage produced by workers and equipment washing water (containing SS. CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N and petroleum derivatives, etc). Silt traps and septic tank should be built in the constructionsite to treat wastewater prior to dischargeto the river course. E 7.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring ManagementPlans Table E 7.1 Wastewater Convevor Potential Impacts MXIitigation Measures 'lonitoring Type Rcsponsible I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c.d conversion Dust and Air quality Contract provisions. supervision Records e Noise Limited hours. equipment design Monthly los e.d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints e |Stream and road crossmgps Best ManastementPracEiCcs (BMPS) Weekh, togs e Safetw Training and contract provisions Accidenvtraining records e.c River/stream bank stability Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs e and environment Material hauling j Operating hours. routing provisions j Truck logs. complaints j c.d.c Table E 7.2 WastewaterTreatment Plant (Liquids Management) PotentialImpacts ~ Mitieation Measures MionitoringTvpe Responsible Agencies Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping2 Visual. compiaints | d 4Noise Limited hours. equipment design Monthiy logs d Erosion/ nte%%ork Best Management PracticesiBMIPsI Weekly logs e S afet% Training and contract pro%isions Accidenutrainin2 records I | Dust. hauling -air qualit% I Contract provisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts IDewatering Best Management Practices (BMPI1s) Weekly logs e 41367i EA IA__PENIXE_E-6 I DECEMBER1998 4-1367.E.A..APPENDIXE E-6' DECEhtBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT IROJECT ENVIRON,MIENTAL .ASSESSM%IENT Volume3 - Appendix E Table E 7.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant (Sludge Management) Potential Impacts MititionMeasures Mitigation Measures MonitoringTvpe ' Responsible.-~~~~~~Aencies .. ______I ______Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c conversion Aesthetics Architectural design and landscapine Visual- complaints d Noise Limited hours. equipment design Mvonthiv loes d Erosion and site work BMPs Weekly loss e Saletv I Training and contract provisions Accident and training records e Dust, hauling - air quality Contract provisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts _ l Table E 7.4 Construction Debris Disposal Potential Impacts Mlitigation Measures M onitoring Type Responsible ______A gencies Uncontrolled disposal site Monitor disposal Visual. truck loes c.d Hazardous material use Monitor use and disposal Visual. truck logs c.d and disposal l Direct or indirect dumping Monitor disposal. contract provisions Visual. inspections c.d in streams E 7.3 Potential Operational Phase Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 7.3.1 Impacts Sewage Overflows (collection, punmpstations. plant) Raw sewaye will be allowed to bypass the WwTW during electrical outages or plant operational problems. The WwTW wet well at the inlet to the plant will provide onlv a short- term buffer for such situations and raw sewvage will be soon bypassed under these circumstances. However. it is not considered cost-effective to provide either larger storage for these situations or aiternative power supplies. Raw sewage currently discharges to surface waters untreated. As sLIch.the large cost to mitigate this situation is not deemed appropriate during Phase I of SUEP. Industrial/ Wxtte L)psets There is a lar-e industrial contribution to the Devang WwTW (over 50%) and the level of pre-treatment is unknown. There is a possibilitv of industrial waste upsets to the plant but rigorous influent monitoring will be specified as well as operational plans to mitigate such problems. The limited sampling conducted bv the SRIEP indicates that industrial upsets should not be a problem. 41367.EA.AppENDIXE E-63 DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANURBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Vofunm:3- AppcndixE Voise Tanjiayoufang (Tanjia oil mill) is located in the south-east corner of Bajiaojing Township, about I km away from the town centre. To the east of the mill is the Mianvuan River, and to its west agricultural land. It has a workshop of Chanecheng Steel Factory to its north and an alluvial mining mill to its south. It is open countrv with few farmhouses around. Except for the noise from the production of the steel plant and the alluvial mining mill. there are few other noise sources in the vicinitv. Ten acoustic monitoring points were selected by the SRIEP to measure current noise levels in the proposed WwTW area. mostlv at the proposed plant boundarv. The sound level at each monitoring point meet the requirement of the standard limit for dav time while six of the points exceed the standard for night time. The 6 deficient points are situated near the alluvial mining mill: the high sound level is the result of sieving and loading of gravel. It is reported that the mill is onlv a temporarv facilitv. If there were no noise from the alluvial mining mill, the acoustic quality in the area could reach the Class B standard specified in GB3096. Judging from the overall environment of the location. the sound level should not have been verv high. Monitorin_ points 5# and 6# are typical, where the sound level in davtime is 47.8 dB(A), and in night time lower than 46 dB(A). The noise from the proposed WwTW comes mainly from the sewage-lifting pump, sludge- lifting pump, and dewatering machine. Though most of these are installed underground. a certain amount of the noise could spread to the outer environment because the noise proof equipment can not totally diminish the noise. Among the noise sources, the sludge pump house and sludge dewatering machine produce the highest noise. According to the site plan, the sludae pumphouse and the sludge dewatering house are situated in the south-west end of the site and there is a distance of 50 meters between the two noise sources. The dewatering house is 15 metersaway from the west boundarv of the plant. The estimated future noise level values were predicted by a comparison with the measured results of the outdoor sound level in the I' phase (100 000 m'/d) of Sanwavao WwTW in Chengdu. When the five pumps are simultaneouslv working. the sound level at the nearest west boundary of the plant is predicted to be 52 dB(A) and 49 dB(A) in davtime and night time respectively. Accordina to the standard specified in the Noise Standard for Plant Area of Industrial Enterprises.GB 12348-90. Class B (the value is equivalent to GB3096-93. Class B). the sound level within the plant boundary can be controlled to the standard. The noise at a point 120 meters from the piant boundarv is comparable with the existing background noise at this point. 49.6 dB(A) and 48.5 dB(A) respectivel,v.which is up to the standard specified in the Urban Regional Environmenital Noise Standard. GB3096-93. Class B. The oxidation ditch will not utilise blowers so it should cause the least amount of potential noise problems of the WwTWs constructed in the SUEP. If necessar,v. noise can be controlled by the selection of imported low-noise equipment. construction of noise barrier rooms. and providing greenbeltsand trees to help absorb and diffuse the noise. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-64 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT VoiumcS - AppendixE Odours Oxidation ditches are adopted for the treatment of sewage in the proposed project, the treating ability being 100 000 m;ld. In principle the technology has a lower risk of producing offensive odours than conventionalactivated sludge plants. Sanwavao WwTW was used bv SRIEP for modelling predicted odour problems. It is considered a worst-case scenario because of the operational problems at Sanwayao coupled with the large raw sewage bvpass occurring at the WwTW. With this predictive worst-case modelling, a comparison was made between the estimated values and the standard values specified in GB 14554-9311. According to preliminary estimates, the odorous chemicals from the project such as methyl mercaptan can spread from the discharge source up to 500 meters from the works. With the distance in the plant area deducted. the offensive odours affect an area up to about 250 meters outside the plant area. As NE wind is dominant locally, the direction affected is the south- west of the plant. Therefore, when determining the location for the project. residential development on land up to 200 - 250 meters from the WwTW boundary should not be permitted in order to reduce potential odour impacts on residents. The Changcheng Steel Factoryto the north end of the location and a couple of farmhouses to the south-west are about 500- 600 meters away and should avoid significantodour impact. As there are many potentialodour sources, odour could affect quite a large area. The location of the outfall and the use of open tanks allows offensive odours to permeate the open air. The following mitigation measures will be taken during the construction of the proposed project and after commissioning: Landscaping of the WwTW site and its boundary Greenervshould take up 30%of the total area of the project. Emphasis should be put on pollution resistanceand air-purification when consideringthe plants tvpes. Flowers and fruit trees should be planted in the plant are to make it more like a garden. Personal Labour Hvyiene Protection Irritants and bacteria carried with offensive odours access the human bodv through contact or respiratorv system and can cause infection. Hence. it is important that staff are givenadequate training in hyvgienepractice and the correct operation of the works. Pest-prevention WwTWs are favourable places for the breeding of flies and mosquitoes. especiallv in summer and autumn. Investigation of existing WwTWs and neighbouring farmers. indicates that they believe that flies and mosquitoes tend to increase when the works are commissioned. As flies and mosquitoes are carriers of various diseases. attention should be paid to pest-prevention in the environment provided that the normal function of the WwTW is not affected. To summarise. the potential for local odour problems was a concern. particularly in view of the existing odour problems at the Sanwayao WwTW in Chengdu. Problems at this facility which mav be causing the odour problem include inefficient operation the sludge digestion facilities. bvpasses of significant quantities of raw untreated sewage every day. and 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-65 DECEMBER 1998 SICIUUANURBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSiMENT Volu,nc S - AppendixE insufficient aeration due to poor operation and maintenance. Most of these problems are not applicable to Deyang WwTW or should not be so severe. The site is in an agricultural area and the use of recommended measures. such as a greenbelt and tree plantings. should also mitigateany potential problems to a significant degree. Effluent *vater qualirv inmpact After the project is put into operation. the overall water quality of Mianyuan River will improve due to the reduced pollutant load received by the river. However, the effluent from the proposed plant will pollute a short section of Mianyuan River. In normal operation. the WwTW has a capacity to treat 100 000 m'/d. According to the data provided by the design unit. when the designed target for the reduction of the pollutants is attained, the control indexes of BOD5, SS, NH3-N for the effluent will comply with the respective discharge standard. The calculation was based on the flow rate of Mianvuan River. The lowest flow rates occur at Bajiao in the drv season. Flow rates (30 days average values) of 5.21m3s (P = 50%) and 3.69m;/s (P = 90%) were chosen for the analysis. The annual average flow rate of 15.36m3/s was include in the forecast. If the final discharge from the project meets the normal standard, the necessary river length for an even mixture of pollutants and surface water in dry season (flow 5 - 6m'/s) is about 3 5 km. When the river flowrate is 3 .69m /s (P = 90%), the concentration of BOD5 in the river section does not meet the requirements for Class III water quality specified in GB3838-88. However, the CODCrconcentration meets the standard. When the surface water flow rate equals the annual average flow rate (I 5.36m3 /s), the densitv of both BOD, and CODcr in the discharge from the project meets the standard for Class III surface wvater. When the flow rate of the Mianvuan River more than 3.69m3/s. the water qualitv following discharce of WwTW effluent from the project attains the standard for Class III after about 5 000m. After about 10 km. the densitv of most of the organic pollutants returns to the water qualitv level upstream. The influence of the effluent discharge fades awayv radually in downstream. In drv season. the water qualitv of the Mianvuan at Lianshan can meet the standard for Class III specified in GB3838-88. The river water at Lianshan can be used of with nlothreat from pollution. If the treatment should fail. resulting in the sewage being discharged without being treated. there will be surface water pollution for about 15-20 km downstream of the outfall river section owing to the heavv load of water pollutants in the collected sewage. The degree of the pollution and the length of the section are related to the surface water flow rate. Bv calcLilation.a flow rate of about 35 m''s would be necessary to provide sufficient dilution for the COD,r to reach the standard of 15 m/il. Similariv, a flow rate of more than 60 m'/s would be necessarv for the dilution of the BOD; to reach the standard of 4 mg/l. Hence. abnormal discharges from the project will have a severe impact on the utilisation of water at Lianshan Township. However. such discharges should occur infrequentlv and it should be noted that all wastewater is already currentiv discharged without treatment in the city. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-66 DECEMBER 1998 SICI IUAN L;RUANENVIRONMENT PROJEC T ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volumni3 - Appendix E Sludge treatment and disposal Based on the density of SS and such metals as COD,,,BOD 5 in the sewage, about 77 t/d of siudge will be produced if the sewage treatment capacitv is 100 000 m3/d. This will contain certain amounts of plant nutrient (such as N. P, and K) and could thus be used as fertiliser. However. the sludge also contains some heavy metals from the sewage which could be hanrnfil to crops and human health. In addition. the sludge will not be fully digested for bacterial protection. According to the currenitwater qualitv monitoring-of the discharge water in the urban area. the sewage contains Class I pollutants such as Hg. Cd. Pb. As. Cr(6 . Compared with China standards for metal content in agricuilturalfarm sludge and based on limited sewer sampling, the content of all the metal elements in the proposed WwTW sludge from the proposed project could potentiallvmeet the standard except that of Cd. Sludge at the Devang WwTW will be partially aerobically digested (extended aeration facilitv) and dewatered. As mentionedpreviousiv. all digested and dewatered sludge will be hauled to the existing Deyang landfill for final disposal. The use of this sludge for agricultural fertiliser has not been approved by the Provincial EPB. The onlv operational concerns over the sludge management system is that sludge storage facilities should be covered (main concern is the wet season rains) and a truck depot should be constructed for loading sludge for transport to the landfill. At design conditions. the Devang WwTW is predicted to produce 77 t/day of sludge, requiring 16 truck loads per da,y hauling to the Devang landfill. The landfill is 15 km away along Class I and Class 2 roads for 80% and 20% of the wav respectively. SRIEP has reviewed the proposed hauling route and found there to be no environmental problems associated with this proposal. Suitable provisions have been made for dumping this sludge in the landfill. The sludge quantitv is estimated to be about 30% of the MSW load from the citv that is landfilled (an equal amount is composted) under design conditions and is not thought to have a large impact on landfill capacitv. O&M Problems There is a risk that during the operation of the WwTW. sewage flowing into the plant could be discharged directil to the Mianvuan River due to power failure or mechanicalproblems in the WwTW. The sewage average flow rate into the plant is 1.157 m's at design rates. To avoid such adverse \vater quality impacts (described in detail above) occurring. the following measures should be taken: Various items of equipment used in the sewage treatment process. especialiv aeration devices. must be maintained in good order with effective control. test and monitoring apparatus. Secure power supplies are a prerequisite for ensuring continuous sewage treatment operation. hence duplicate power supplies are recommended so that power failure can be avoided. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-67 DECEMIBER1998 SICIIU.AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMIENT Volulne 3 - AppendixE The water quality of influent to the sewage water treatment plant (ie. the concentration of water pollutants) must be relativelv stable and the industrial wastewater sources must be required to meet the relative pre-treatment discharge standard. If industrial sewage is discharged without adequate pre-treatment(especially strong wastewaters), the WwTW will not meet the designed performanceand expected standards. The effectivenessof the sewage treatment will depend on the professionalability and sense of responsibilitv of the staff or workers. On-the-job training and professional education for the staff or workers is especially important. The Sanwayao WwTW problems indicate that O&M could be a problem. The design of the Devang WwTW has mitigated the design features but mitigation monitoring will need to insure that the wastewater companv does not try to cut back on power consumption with aeration. sludge digestion.etc. Organic Loading and Standards The first concern related to the potential for the WwTW influent concentrations of organic pollutants to either be much greater than or much less than the design parameters for the WwTW. The influent domestic sewage at the Devang WwTW is still combined with stormwater that causes lower concentrations of organic pollutants. The widespread use of septic tanks upstream of sewers also contributes to these low loadings. The design values used for Devang WwTW appear reasonable when compared to the limited sewer sampling results, taking into account that the sewers have been separated. and septic tanks will eventually be eliminated. The concern over the potentialfor organic loading to be too high relative to design standards is coupled with the second concern over the lack of COD design standards. The Deyang WwTW is a secondarv biological wastewater treatment works that can easilv handle normal loadings of domestic sewage and industrialwastewater that has been adequately pre-treated at the industries. Organic loadings that are higher than the design standards. including hi2h COD loads. are indicative of problems with pre-treatment of industrial wastewater in the sewerage catchment. The reported COD loadings in the Deyang WwTW sewerage catchment mav indicate such problems. If such a problem occurs. the solution is for the EPB and the Wastewater Company to applv and enforce adequate industrial pre-treatment standards. not to apply unrealistic design standards on the Deyang WwTW. The third potential concern related to the abilitv of the WwTW to adequatelv remove ammonia. and meet the discharge standards. The WwvTWhas been designed and sized for full ammonia removal. If the facility is operated as proposed. includina maintaining adequate dissolved oxvuen in the aeration basin. full ammonia removal should be achieved. The effluent ammonia concentrationsshould easily meet relevant discharge standards. 41367.EA.APPI.NDIXE E-68 DECEMBER 1998 SKICl AN URB3ANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSiMENT Volumne3 - Apptndix E E 7.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring, Management Plans Table E 7.5 Solid Waste, Septage, and Direct Discharge Sources PotentialImpacts f Mitigation Mleasures 1 MonitoringTvpe ' Responsible Uncontrolieddirect or Enforceordinances, provide better Inspectionsand tines d. f indirectdumping or solid SolidWaste collection sites, cleanupI waste,to surfacewater campaiens Septagedumped dlirectly to Enactand entorce local ordinances. List ot ordinancesand d. c. e streamsor indirectly providefor septagetreatment enforcement statistics throughsewer svstems Industrialsolid waste Enforceordinances, monitor adjacent Ordinancesand enforcement b. d direct dumping waterways statisticsj Industrialhazardous and TEnact andenforce a "cradleto arave` Installationof programand b.d toxic wastedirect dumping, trackingand treatment system fr trackingand treatment records or indirectimpact to hazardous/toxicw%aste groundwater ______ Table E 7.6 Raw Sewage, Domestic and Industrial Sources to Sewer Systems Potential Impacts MlitigationMeasures M~onitoringType Responsiblc Low strengthdomestic Eliminateseptic taks whe not SamplesewrAgencieswlw sewage.(use of septic jneeded.ensure that localconnections influentand connection record tanks,or high infiltration aremade and are watertight or inflo%I Septagedumping causing Enactand enforce local ordinances. List of ordinancesad c.d treatmentdisruption or providefor septagetreatment enforcementstatistics, inspect. bypasses Industrialpre-treatment Enactand enforce adequate pre- TPre-treatmentmonitor & inspect.. b.d.e probiems treatmentproerams and makec WwTW intluentrecord responsibleto wastewatercompany IndustrialaccidentEs and Enactregulations requiring i List of ordinancesand records of id spills. problems-se%%ers or notificationof the WwvTWas well as incidentsand compliance treatmentw%orks specifiedprotection measures ExAcessiveinfiltration or Perlormvisual/TV/or other Recordsof'sewer sy,stem e Iinflow in sewersystems inspectionsof thesewer s' stemsand evaluations takecorrective action Changesinl domestic N\Ionitorchanges in wateruse rates Meterand plant records e consumptioncausing andwastewxater eeneration rates b% desisvnloud variation neigbbourhoods Changesin industrial \IMonitorchanges in industrialquantity Flow andquality records d.e coinsumptioncausinu i andqualit% through cnforced pre- desienload variation treaitmentprogram 4 t367_EA.AIPPENDIXE E-69 DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANUkR3BAN ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT VolumyeS- AppendixE Table E 7.7 Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations PotentialImpacts .MIitigationMeasures | ionitoringType Responsible Overflo%%impacts in Sewerseparadion. Infilutraionilntflo% Number.quantir% estimate of d.c generalto healthand correction.protect overtlows overtlows environment Excessoverflows Evaluateand improvecollection Numberof overtlowsplotted d.c systems againststorm events Humandirect contact Protectoutlets and downstream users Visual andhealth records d.c.health Impactsto surfacewaters Developmixing zones to dissipate Visualand surface water d impacts monitoring Sensitivearea impacts Relocateor adjustoverflow if possible Visualand compliance records c.d Table E 7.8 Wastewater Transmission and Pumping Potential . |mpacts Mt Type Responsible Potentialimpacts 5 Slitigation Measures NlonitoringTvp Agencies Foulodours and gases Properdesign and industrialwaste Sampiingand compliance records cA controlsl Accidentsworking in Safetytraining Trainingand accident records e sewers I Accidentalovertlows wvhile DetailedO&M proceduresand Records e workingin system preventionof direct dumping into system] Sewersystem blockages DetailedO&M proceduresand Records.visual observation of c.d preventionof directdumping into cleaningequipment system.cleaning cquipmeot available Noisefrom pumpstations Designand protective measures Ambientmonitoring and c.d _ _ _ _ complaints _ | Poner failureat pump Backuppower system or dual teed Electricmeters and visual check d.e stations of thebackup s! stemor a ~~~~~~~~~secondarvfeed .Mechanicaitaiiure at pump Design.O&M procedures.spare parts eeklv logsed.c stations I available Lcakscontaminating local Designand protecti%e measures Ambientmontoring and C.d -iroundwater j complaints I l 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-70 DECEMvBER1998 SICHUAN tlRBAN ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume; - Appendix E Table E 7.9 Wastewater Treatment Plant Potential Impacts litigation MIeasures j .lonitoring Type Responsible I ______I__ _ _ Agencies Lower or higher intluent Septic tank usagerates. Connection and operating records e quantity or quality than lnfiltratiovlnflow monitoring. expected enforcement records of pre-treatment program Bypassesmore frequent Sewer system monitoring. O&M WvTW and City EPB records e.d than planned procedurcs Noise Design and protective measures Ambient. complaints c.d Accidents. including gas. Training programs Training and accident records c.e explosions. etc. Chemical handling Design. saferv training. warning Training and accident records. c.e accidents jsystems visual Power failure j Backup system and/or dual electric Electric meters.visual c.e Equipment tailure i Design. O&M program. spare part Daily logs. meters _ availabilirv Operational problems Design. operator training. laboratory Daiiy logs. training records e testingI PoorflSuentqual it, |fMonitor and enforce discharge Daiiy records and enforcement. e.d Poor effluent quality recordss monitor Table E 7.10 Sludge Management Svstem Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures | Nonitoring Type i 1.ReponsibleAgencies Lack of adequate Mionitor stabilisation system use and Inspection and daily logs fd.health stabilisation performance. monitor sludge quaIii, High heavy metal Monitor rawvsewage and sludge Quaneriy sampling of metals in i e.d.b concentrations for land quaiity influent. semi-annual of sludge application I Satery Design and trainngi Training. accident records c e Inadequateliquid control Design. O&.\I. operator training Inspection and daily logs e.d during de"at ering Odours Design. O&M . operator training Ambient levels. complaints e.d Equipment failure Design. O&M program, spare part Safety training and visual checks c.e availabilitv of warning s'stems Landtill problems in Design standards. leachate treatment Visual. inspections. icachate j e.zd handling sludge Sy!stems monitor 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-71 DECEMBER 1998 SICFIUAN URBAN ENVIRONNiENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume i - Appendix E Table E 7.11 Receiving Water Issues Potential Impacts j litigationMeasures MonitoringTpe Responsible Unplanned overtlow Wamine devices tor downstream Visual and/or sound observations c.d impactson water usersand users ambient quality Poor effluent impacts on Telephone notification for Daily iogs, monitor compliance e.d.c water usersand ambient downstream usersof problems quality occurring Sludge dumping. industrial Monitor and enforce disposal Logs. monitor. entbrcement e.d.b impact impacts on water ordinances records users and ambient quality Health impacts due to all Protect from public contact Posting. fencing. health records e.d o__above !I Table E 7.12 Wastewater Reuse and Downstream Users Potential Impacts Mitigation Mleasures MonitoringM Type Responsible I ~~~~~~~~~Agencies AdopL monitor and Ordinances. records and inspections Records. inspection reports b. e.c.d enforce reuse ordinances Negative impacts to Notification proceduresadopted and Visual observation of warning e.d.c downstream water supply used system intakes during b! passesor problems Aquatic impacts during Regular quarterly ambient sampling. Sampling records d.b bypassesor problems periodic bio-monitorine 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-72 DECEMBER1998 SIC!lIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIENT Volume3 - AppendixE E 8 Zigong WwTW E 8.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) Water QOualitvInproverments The collection and treatment of 120 000 mI'/d of domestic and industrial wastewater within Zigong will have obvious water qualitv improvementbenefits to the Fuxi River within Zigong and the downstream Tuo River. The proposed project will be a significant step towards the recoverv of these surface waters but will not be sufficient to enable them meet the targeted Class 3 surface water standards without other major interventions. It is noted that this Fuxi segment is currently classed for Class 4. but the overall provincial goal is to achieve Class 3 below all SUEP cities. The current polluted conditions result from a combination of factors including rural loads (natural and agricultural sources), urban loads (domestic. industrial and non-point sources) and insufficientbase flows at certain times of the year. The urban pollution impacts assessment assessed the potential water qualitv impacts of proposed SUEP projects through the use of a water quality index. Zigong is built beside the Fuxi River that has verv little baseflow. In the dry season the upstream flows are tvpically less than I m'/s and sometimes fall to zero. Downstreamof Zigong, the bulk of the river's flow is raw sewage and industrial discharge and the concentration of pollutants is very high. Because the quality of the river water is so much worse than the target qualitv, the river pollution index indicatesthe Zigong WwTW will provide the greatest benefits of all proposed wastewater treatment facilities. This confirmed its number one ranking in the earlier SUEP scoring. According to the data available industrialdischarges are a much smaller source of pollution in Zieong than domestic wastewater - 80% of pollution load is of domestic origin. The major polluting industries in Zigong region are chemical works and sugar refineries and are located on the lower sections of the Fuxi or on the Tuo where their impact is less. There is insufficient baseflow in the river to dilute even treated effluent to an adequate degree. The oniv way to achieve an acceptable water qualitv in the Fuxi is to construct storage upstreamT or divert flows from another river and release this water during the drv season in order to maintain a minimum dilution flow. The first phase SUEP projects. including the Zigong WwTW. are designed to start the process of surface water improvement (as well as the adjacent groundwater system). Future phases of the SUEP will address control of the other rural and urban pollution sources as well as potential river-flow (flow augmentation) and stream channel enhancements. Stalnitation? andl Pub/ic Health One of the most tangible and direct benefits of this wastewater collection and treatment scheme will be the removal of the raw domestic and industrial overflows to the local drainage and surface water svstems in the citv (except for emergencv bvpass conditions). The pollutants in municipal wastewater are suspended and dissolved solids consisting of inorganic and organic matter. nutrients. oil and grease. toxic substances, and pathogenic micro- organisms. Urban stormwater can contain the same pollutants, occasionally in surprisinglv high concentrations. Human wastes that are not properly treated and are disposed of at the point of origin or collected and carried awav (nightsoil), pose risks of parasitic infections 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-73 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJEC'I' ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMZENT Volume 3 - Appendix E (through direct contact with fecal material), hepatitis and various gastrointestinal diseases includingcholera and ty-phoid(through contamination of water supplies and food). When wastewater is collected but not treated properiy before disposal or reuse, the same public health hazards exist at the point of discharge. For the receivine waters. additional harnful effects will occur such as: habitats for aquatic life are impaired bv accumulated soiids: oxygen is depleted by decompositionof organic material: and aquatic organisms mav be further harrned by toxic substances, which may spread to higher organisms through bioaccumulation. Dowvnstream Water Use Water is used intensivelv in the Sichuan Province and the discharge of wastewater in one locationquickly becomes the raw water supply source for a downstream irrigation, domestic or industrial user. The improvement in the quality of this supplv will have obvious positive effects on the productivitv of agricultural land and the reduction of treatment svstem costs for domestic and industrialusers. These benefits accrue to entities that are not directlv payin, for the improvements,emphasising the need for a comprehensiveSUEP viewpoint regarding the costs and benefits of improvementschemes. Aesthetics and Water Amenitv The surface waters in Zicrong form a major backdrop and focus in the citv and the improvement of water quality and sanitary conditions along these rivers will greatly improve the city aesthetics. Urban renewal efforts are alreadv underway in the citv to replace dilapidated buildings with river-side parks and water amenities. Waterwavs historically form focal points for economic and tourist activities and the citv should reap these benefits with the implementationof this scheme. E 8.2 Potential Short Term ConstructionImpacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 8.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Compensation The proposed WwTW and pumping stations will occupy 224 inu of land. most of which is farmiand. The resettlement involves relocation of 33 farming households. containing 130 people. They will lose their livelihood due to land acquisition. so new employment will be found. Land acquisition and resettlement will be carried out in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. The total RAP cost will be 10 million Yuan. Demolition/Spoils The project does not require a significant amount of demolition and the issue has been covered in the RAP. There are no significant spoil issues with this project component. The proposed sewer svstem has been located along the Fuxi river and thus. disruption. demolition and relocation are minimised. 41367.EA.APPEND[XE E-74 DECEMBER 1998 SICIIUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMlENTALASSESSMENT Volume; - AppcndixE Voise and Dust The pipeline will be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. The WwTW is located in an agricultural area, away from more crowded urban areas. Excavation will produce dust that will have some localised impacts on the air environment. Noise generated bv construction machinerv and transportation vehicles will have impacts on the acoustic environment during the project construction. The estimated noise level is about'85 dB(A) although if percussion type piling is used this will result in greater noise. Since the construction period lasts a iong time. noise and dust mitigation measures should be implemented. Noise generated by the constructionof the interceptor will have some impact on the acoustic environment in the urban area. The area where the WwTW and pumping station are situated is in a low density population area and so noise will not have a major impact. If it is necessary to use groundwater/dewateringpumps, they will be provided with appropriate noise and vibration protectiondevices. This will be especially important for night-time dewatering. Transportation There are only a few road crossings required and operational and scheduling plans have been developed to minimise traffic impacts. As mentioned,most of the construction will be along the Fuxi river and this will not affect transportation except during the delivery of materials and equipment. Safety Issues Any pipe trenches will be excavated bv hand. The ground conditions comprise sand and gravel and trenches with battered sides will be used to protect against trench collapse. Strict safetv measures will be implemented. Public Facilities 10 km of pipelines will be constructed in the project. which consist of 7 km of interceptor and 3 km of pipelines across the river. The interceptor will be laid along the river and materials will be stockpiledcentrally off-site. so reducing land occupationat the site. The pipeline river crossing and treatment works will be located in non-urban areas with relatively few impacts on public facilities. houses and traffic. Wastewater quantities rising from construction activities will be small and mainly domestic sewaze produced bv wvorkersand equipment washing water (containina SS. CODc,, BOD5. NH--N and petroleum derivatives. etc). Silt traps and septic tank should be built in the construction site to treat wastewater prior to discharge to the river course. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-75 DECE,MBER1998 SICIIIAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volumc 3 - Appendix E E 8.2.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans .Table E 8.1 Wastewater Conveyor Potenlial Impacts Mitigation .Measures Monitoring Type Responsible I ______A gencies Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c.d conversion Dust and Air qualitn Contract provisions, supervision Records c Noise JLimited hours. equipment design Monthly logs c.d Aesthetics j Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints e Stream and road crossings Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs e Safety Training and contract provisions Accidenutraining records Ce. Riveristream bank stabiliiy Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs _ and environment Materiai hauling Operating hours, routing provisions Truck logs. complaints e.d.c Table E 8.2 Wastewater Treatment Plant (Liquids Management) Potential Impacts Mitigation .leasures onitoring Type ] Responsible L atigaton easures .n.onng ~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies iRelocations and land fRAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling and complaints c I conversion I iAeslletics Architectural design and landscaping j Visual. complaints d Noise I Limited hours. equipment design [Monthly logs d Erosion/ site work Best Management Practices (BMPsi Weekly logs Safete Training and contract provisions .Accidentitrainin2 records e DUSLhauling - air quality I Contract provisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts Dewatenng Best Management Practices IBMPs I Weekly logs_ 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-,6 DECEMBER1998 SICIIUANURBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONM%IENTALASSESSMENT VolumneS - AppcndlixE Table E 8.3 WastewaterTreatment Plant (Sludge Management) PotentialImpacts .litigation Measures MonitoringTvpe Responsible Agencies Relocations andland RAPs andadequate compensation Samplingand complaints c conversion Aesthetics Architecturaldesign and landscaping Visual.complaints d Noise Limitedhours. equipment design Monthlylogs d Erosionand site work [ BMPs Weeklvlogs e Satety Trainineand contract provisions Accidentand trainine records e Dust.hauling - air quality Contractprovisions. supervision Records e.c.d impacts l l Table E 8.4 Construction Debris Disposal PotentialImpacts litigation Measures 1 ResponsibieAgonitoringType Uncontrolleddisposal site Monitordisposal Visual.truck logs e.d Hazardousmaterial use Monitoruse and disposal Visual.truck logs c.d anddisposal Direct or indirectdumping Monitordisposal. contract provisions Visual.inspections CA in streams E 8.3 Potential OperationalPhase Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 8.3.1 Impacts Sewage Overflows (collection, punmp stations, plant) Raw sewaize will be allowed to bypass the WwTW during electrical outages or plant operational problems. The WwTW wet well at the inlet to the plant will provide only a short- term buffer for such situations and raw sewage will be soon bypassed under these circumstances. However. it is not considered cost-etfective to provide either larger storage for these situations or alternative power supplies. Raw sewage currentiv discharges to surface waters untreated. As such. the large cost to mitigate this situation is not deemed appropriate during Phase I of SUEP. It should be noted that the Fuxi River receiving waters will not meet the recommended Class 3 surface water standards whether the treatment plant operates or not. As such. the large cost to mitigate this situation is not deemed appropriate to the Phase I of the SUEP. Incustrial Waste Lipsets There is a large industrial contribution to the Zigong WwTW (over 50%) and there is an unknown level of pre-treatment in this area. There is a possibility of industrial waste upsets to the plant but rigorous influent monitoring will be specified as well as operational plans to 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-77 DECEvIBER 1998 SICHLUA-NURI3AN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENIT Volumei - AppenidixE mitigate such problems. The limited sampling conducted by the SRIEP indicated that industrial wastes could cause problems in Zigong. Zigong has prepared and is implementing an industrial wastewater control action plan for the citv, with special emphasis on the acid wastes found in the SRIEP sampling. The industrial source has signed a contract to remove this waste from the facility rather than discharging to the sewer. This will have to be verified in the mitigation monitoring during and following construction. Noise For an assessment of ambient noise levels, SRIEP identifieda monitoring range in the urban area of Zigong. Seven points were selected as ambient level monitoring points. Sound levels at points 3. 6 and 7 exceed the standard during davtime and night time. The sound level of point 5 exceeds the standard in the night time, whilst the sound level at the others points do not exceed the standards. During operation. air blowers for the aeration tank. sewage pumps and return sludge pumps are the major potential noise sources with a sound level of 70-8OdB(A). Measurements conducted in the Sanwavao Wastewater Treatment Works show that the operation of the plant could have an impact the acoustic environment outside the plant boundarv. There is also an issue of pump station noise in the sewerage collection svstem. The WwTW site is relatively good because it is set in farmland. For monitoring of background sound levels. one point was selected in the plant proper. The values specified for the Class A of national standard. Urban Regional EnvironmentalNoise Standard. GB3096-93 were used in the project area. ie. 55 dB(A) in the davtime and 45 dB(A) in the night-time. The background values of the proposed plant site are 13.1 dB(A) and 4.2 dB(A) lower than those of the standard in the davtime and night time respectively. Hence. the existing background noise situation in the plant site is relativelyv ood. From the lavout plan of the treatment plant that there are two return-sludge pump houses. each pump house has two sets of return-sludge pumps. one dutv and one standbv. SRIEP considered that the pumps houses at the proposed WwTW are similar to Sanwavao WwTW and hence the sound level out of the return-sludee pump houses at Sanwavao was used in the analvsis. ie. 73 dB(A). Bv calculation the combined sound level from ' return-sludge pump houses is 76dB(A). The plant has an air blower house which has 5 high speed centrifugal air blowers. 4 dutv and I standbv. The sound level was predicted from that of the air blower house of Sanwavao W%%TW.ie. 68dB(A). The distance from the return-sludgepump houses to the eastern plant boundarv is 2 I m. at this point the sound level is 50 dB(A): the air blower house is 62m away from the point. the sound level is 32dB(A). Le = 4.1 dB(A) in the davtime and Leq 40.8 dB(A) in the niaht time were selected as the background values. The forecast sound level at the eastern boundary is 5I dB(A) in the davtime and 50.5 dB(A) at night. In accordance with Class B of the Boundarv Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprises. GB12348-90. the standard is 6OdB(A) for daytime and 5OdB(A)for night time. Hence. the sound level at the boundarv in the davtime meet the standard. but does not exceed the standard at night. Since the area of the eastern boundarv is verv small and there are no residents nearby, noise will not have an impact. The forecast sound level at the northern 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-78 DECEMlvIBER1998 SICtIiUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSNMENT Volumc 3 - Appendix E boundary is 44 dB(A) and the sound level at the western boundarv is 43 dB(A), both within the standard. Zhangjiatuo Pump Station is located in the urban area of Zigong City, the background sound level is 75 dB(A) in the daytime and 53.3 dB(A) at night. The station is equipped with 4 sewage pumps, 3 duty and I standbv. Since the pump station lies in the areas besidethe main traffic lanes. Class IV of national standard, Urban Regional EnvironmentalNoise Standard, GB3096-93 is applicable, i.e. 70 dB(A) in the daytime and 55 dB(A) at night. The background sound level of the pump station is 5 dB(A) higher than that of the standard in the daytime and 1.8 dB(A) lower than that of the standard at night. The sound level in the daytime within 3m of the Zhangjiatuo Pump Station is predicted to exceed the standard. and the sound level at night within 16m around the station will exceed the standard. The area which is affected by the noise is small. No additional mitigation has been proposed by SRIEP but the sound levels should be monitored to determine if actual sound levels meet predictions and whether additional soundproofingis required. The environmental condition of Daijiaba Pump Station is similar to that of the plant site, so the background sound level of the plant site is adopted. The pump station is equipped with 4 sewage pumps. 3 duty and I standby. The Class A of Urban Regional EnvironmentalNoise Standard should be achieved. ie. 55 dB(A) in the davtime and 45 dB(A) at night. The backlgroundsound level of the pump station is 13.1dB(A) lower than that of the standard in the daytime and 4.2dB(A) lower than that of the standard at night. The existing situation of the background noise at the pump station is relatively nood. The sound level in the davtime within 7m of the Daijiaba Pump Station exceeds the standard, as does the sound level at niaht within 5Om of the station. Since the surrounding area is farmiand which is far away from the farmers' homes. the effect is minimal. No additional mitigation has been proposed by SRIEP but the sound levels should be monitored to determine if actual sound levels meet predictions and whether additional soundproofing is required. Odozirs A worst-case odour investigationand modeling exercise was carried out by the SRIEP. based in large part on measured problems at the Sanwayao WwTW in Chengdu. This facilitv has a varietv of operational problems that will not occur at the proposed WwTW in Zigong given proper operation. As such. it is considered a worst-case scenario of potential odour problems. The proposed Zigong WwTW is located in a mainly farming area. Some of the farmers living less than 200 meters awav from the boundarv of the WwTW plant will perceive offensive odours from the plant. SRIEP proposes that residences within 200m of the WwTW are relocated and also the WwTW is landscaped to mitigate potential odour. The Sanwavao WwTW has historically had operating problems which have led to odour problems including operation of sludge digestion facilities. large sewage bvpasses of raw untreated sewage every dav and insufficient aeration. These problems are either not present or should not be as severe at the Zigong WwTW. The site is in an agricultural area and the use of a greenbelt and tree plantings should also mitigate anv potential problems to a sianificant degree. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-79 DECEMBER 1998 SICHLUANURJBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volurnii - Appendi.xE Effluent water quality impact The proposed project has a design treatment capacity of 80 000 m3/d, and 80 000 m3/d of treated effluent will be discharged to the Fuxi River every day at design flows. Based on data available concerninigexisting WwTW or those being designed in China. organic matter in the effluent from those plants should mostly meet the requirement specified bv the discharge standard. However, the river section immediately downstream of the discharges will still be polluted to some extent. As a whole, the project-will significantly improve the water quality of the Fuxi River. and thus improve the qualitv of the physical environment of the citv. According to the forecasted results, in normal condition, treated sewage can meet the discharge standard for concentration of CODNt,Iin the 20 km of river section downstream. However. BOD and non-ionic ammonia concentration exceed the standard. The concentration of BOD in the I to 20 km of river section downstream exceeds the background value by 7%. the concentration of non-ionic ammonia downstream of the outlet is lower than the background value. Following any bypass of the works the concentrationsof BOD, COD and non-ionic ammonia all exceed the standard within the 20 km of river section downstream of the outfall. Generally, the treated sewage only has a small impact on the water quality of the Fuxi River downstream of the outlet. In the low water season. the low flows and inflatable flow control dams make the Fuxi River operate as a reservoir, so SRIEP used a "narrow lake mobile model" in forecasting pollutant impacts. The forecasted values are the same as the background values, which indicates that the discharge only has little impact on the water quality of the river section downstream. According to the above analysis, in norrnal condition. the treated sewage can meet the discharge standard. which will not cause obvious impact on the water quality of river section downstream of the outlet. Sludge treatment and disposal Sludge at the Zigong WwTW will be partially aerobically digested and dewatered. As mentioned. all dewatered sludge will be hauled to the existing Zigong landfill for final disposal. The use of this sludge for agricultural fertiliser has not been approved bv the Provincial EPB. The only operational concems over the sludge management system is that sludge storage facilities should be covered (main concern is the wet season rains) and a truck depot should be constructed for loading sludge for transport to the landfill. At desiaznconditions. the Zigong WwTW is predicted to produce 92 tidav of sludge. requiring 18 truck loads per day (using it trucks) hauling to the existing Zigong landfill. The landfill is 20 km from the city which requires significant hauling. SRIEP have evaluated the proposed sludge hauling route which uses the highway adjacent to the WwTW. No particular problems were noted with this hauling plan. At the landfill. a discharge station will be built to allow for sanitarv dumping of the sludge to the landfill. This sludge production amounts to about 30% of the current MSW loading to the landfill and will not affect the short-term life of the landfill. Plans for expansion to Phase 2 of this landfill are already underway. 41367.EA.APPI.NDIXE E-80 DECEvIBER 1998 SICHUICANURBAN ENVIRONNIENTl'ROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT VoLume3 - Appendix E O&MProblems Sanwavao WwTW problems indicate that O&M could be a problem. The design of the Zigong WwTW has tried to mitigatethese problems but monitoring will be need to insure that the wastewater company does not tr,yto cut back on power consumption with aeration, sludge processing. etc. Sewer svstem monitoring will also be required to ensure that industrial wastewaterdoes not damage pumping equipment or the WwTW. OrganzicLoading and Standards The first concern related to the potential for the WwTW influent concentrationsof organic pollutants to either be much greater than or much less than the design parameters for the WwTW. This concern is coupled with the concern over the fact that the Sanwayao WwvTW does not meet national discharge standards, either for concentration or the percent removalof organic pollutants. The influent domestic sewage at the Sanwayao WwTW is still combined with stormwater that causes the low concentrationsof organic pollutants. The widespreaduse of septic tanks upstream of sewers also contributesto these low loadings. The design values used for Zigong appear reasonable when compared to the limited sewer sampling results. taking into account that the sewers have been separated, and septic tanks will eventuallv be eliminated. The concern over the potential for organic loading to be too high relative to design standards is coupled with the second concern over the lack of COD design standards and the fact that the Sanwavao WwTW does not meet the discharge standards for COD. The Zigong WwTW is a secondarv, biological wastewater treatment works that can easily handle normal loadings of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater that has been adequately pre-treated at the industries. Organic loadings that are higher than the design standards. including high COD loads. are indicative of problems with pre-treatment of industrial wastewater in the sewerage network. If such a problem occurs, the solution is for the EPB and the Wastewater Company to applv and enforce adequate industrial pre-treatment standards. not to apply unrealistic design standards on the Zigon2 WwTW. The third potential concern related to the abilitv of the WwTW to adequatelv remove ammonia. and meet the discharge standards. The WwTW has been designed and sized for full ammonia removal. If the facilitv is operated as proposed, including maintainingadequate dissolved oxvgen in the aeration basin. full ammonia removal should be achieved. The effluent ammonia concentrationsshould easilv meet relevant discharge standards. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-8 I DECEMBER 1998 SICHIUANL!BAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3- Appendix E E 8.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 8.5 Solid Waste, Septage, and Direct Discharge Sources PotentialImpacts | litigation Mleasures |gonitoring Type Responsible Uncontrolleddirect or Entorceordinances. provide better Inspectionsand fines d. f inlirect dumpingof solid Solid Wastecollection sites. cleantip waste.to surfacewater campaiens Septagcdumped directly to Enactand enforce local ordinances. List of ordinancesand d. c. e streamsor indirectly providefor septagetreatment enforcementstatistics throughsewer systems Industrialsolid waste Enforceordinances. monitor adjacent Ordinancesand enforcement b. d directdumping waterways statistics Industrialhazardous and Enactand enforce a 'cradleto grave" Installationof programand b.d toxic wastedirect dumping trackingand treatment system for trackingand treatment records or indirectimpact to hazardous/toxicwaste groundwater Table E 8.6 Raw Sewage, Domestic and IndustrialSources to Sewer Systems PotentialImpacts litigation Measures MionitoringType Responsible l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Low strengthdomestic Eliminateseptic tanks when not Samplesewver systems. WwvTW c sewage.(use of septic needed.ensure that localconnections influentand connection record tanks.or high infiltration are madeand are watertight or intlow) Septagedumping causing Enactand enforce local ordinances. List of ordinancesand c.d treatmentdisruption or providefor septagetreatment enforcementstatistics. inspect. b!passes industrialpre-treatment I Enactand enforce adequate pre- Pre-treatmentmonitor & inspect.. b.d.e I problems treatmentprograms and make WwTW intluentrecord responsibleto wastewatercompany Industrialaccidents and Enactregulations requiring List of ordinancesand records of d spills. problems-se%%ers or notificationof the WwTW aswell as incidentsand compliance treatmentworks specifiedprotection measures Excessiveintiltration or Pertormvisual/TV/or other Recordsof sewersvstem | inlIo%%in sewersystems inspectionsof the se%%ersystems and evaluations takecorrective action Changes in domebtic \Ionitor changesin sater userates Meterand plant records e jonsumptioncausing and% asteswater generation rates b! designload variation neighbourhoods Changesin industrial Monitor changesin industrialquantity Flow andqualit records d.e |Ctonsufiiotioncausing andquality through enforced pre- desianioad variation treatmentprogram 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-82 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume 3 - Appendix E Table E 8.7 Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agoencies Overtlow impacts in Sewer separation. infiltration/intlow Number. quantity estimate of d.c sencral to health and correction. protect overtlows overtlows environment Excess overtlows Evaluate and improve collection Number of overflows plotted d.c systems against storm events Human direct contact Protect outlets and downstream users Visual and health records d.c.health Impacts to surface waters Develop mixing zones to dissipate Visual and surface water d impacts monitoring Sensitive area impacts Relocate or adjust overtlow if possible Visual and compliance records c.d Table E 8.8 Wastewater Transmission and Pumping PotentialImpacts | MlitigationMNleasures i NlonitoringType i Responsible Foul odours and eases Proper design and industrial waste Sampling and compliance records c.d controls I Accidents working in Safety training Training and accident records e sewers Accidental overflows while Detailed O&M proceduresand Records c working in system prevention of direct dumping into system Sewer system blockages 1 Detailed O&M proceduresand Records visual observation of c.d prevention of direct dumping into ! cleanine equipment system.cleaning equipmentavailabie Noise trom pump-stations Design and protective measures Ambient monitoring and c.d complaints Power failure at pump Backup power system or dual feed Electric meters and visual check d.e stations of the backup system or Melhanical 1 secondarvfeed. rM failuretechanical at pump Design. O&M procedures. spare parts Weekly logs d.c stations asailable Leaks contaminating local Design and protective measures Ambient monitoring and c.d grounduater complaints I41,6_EAAPPED _X E.83 DECE'__BER_1998 4136,.E.A.APPENDIXE E-83 DECEMvBER1998 SIC IUAN URBANENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 8.9 Wastewater Treatment Plant PotentialImpacts Mlitigation Measures | Monitoring Tvpe Responsible Agencies Loweror higherinfluent Septictank usage rates. Connectionand operating records e quantityor qualitythan Infiltration/inflow monitoring. expected enforcementrecords of pre-treatment program Bypassesmore frequent SNeersystem monitoring2 O&M W%vTWand City EPBrecords e.d than planned procedures Noise Designand protective measures AmbienLcomplaints c.d Accidents.including gas. Trainingprograms Trainingand accident records c.e explosions.etc. Chemicalhandling Design.safety training warning Trainingand accident records. c.e accidents systems visual Powerfailure Backupsystem and/or dual electric 1Electric meters. visuai c.e Equipmentfailure Design.O&M program.spare part Daily logs.meters e availabilitv _ Operationalproblems Design.operator training, laboratory Daily logs.training records testing Pooreffluent quality Nionttorand enforce discharge Daily recordsand enforcemenL e.d records monitor Table E 8.10 Sludge Management Svstem PotentialInnpacts Nlitigation Neasures MonitoringType Responibes Lackof adequate 1 Monitorstabilisation system use and Inspectionand daily logs fd.health stabilisation performance.monitor sludgequality Highheav metai Monitorra" sewageand sludge Quarterlysampling of metalsin e.d.b concentrationsfor land quality intluent.semi-annual of sludge application Safety Designand training Training.accident records |c.e I Inadequateliquid control Design.O&M. operatortrainngi Inspectionand daily logs e.d I duriig dew%atering Odours Design.O&NI. operator training Ambientlevels. complaints e.d | Equipmenttailure Design.O&iM program.spare part Satetytraining and visual checks c.e availabilitj of wamingsystemns Lanidtillproblems in Desi"nstandards. Ieachate treatment Visuat.inspections. leachate e.:fd handlingsludge systems Vmonitor 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-84 DECEMIBER1998 SICIHUANURIAN ENVIRONNtENTPROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESS.MENT Volume3 - AppendixE Table E 8.11 Receiving Water Issues PotentialImpacts MlitigationMeasures MonitoringType Aoencies Unplannedoverilow Warningdevices for downstream Visual and/orsound observations c.d impactson waterusers and users ambientquality Poorettluent impacts on Telephonenotification for Daily logs. monitorcompliance e.d.c waterusers and ambient downstreamusers of problems quality occurring Sludgedumping. industrial Monitor andenforce disposal Logs.monitor. enforcement e.d.b impactimpacts on water ordinances records usersand ambient qualitv Healthimpacts due to all Protectfrom public contact Posting.fencing. health records e.d of above Table E 8.12 Wastewater Reuse and Downstream Users ______f - r~~ Re pomisible PotentialImpacts MIitigationNleasures Mlonitoring Type gencies AdopLmonitor and Ordinances.records and inspections Records.inspection reports b. e.c.d enforcereuse ordinances Negativeimpacts to jNoufitcation proceduresadopted and Visual observationof warning e.d.c downstreamwater supply i used system intakesduring bypasses or problems Aquaticimpacts during Regularquarterli ambientsampling. Samplingrecords d.b bypassesor problems periodicbio-monitoring 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-85 DECEMBER 1998 SIC!IUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSMENT VolumeS - AppendixE E 9 Lesban Municipal Solid Waste Project E 9.1 Positive Impacts (Local, Basin) Solid Waste Collection and Treatment The current MSW collection rate was estimated by the City of Leshan to be 41%. This project will greatly assist the citv's efforts to 'increase this rate to nearer 80% by the vear 2000. The collection systems will be more mechanised, allowin,gmore efficient collection with less human contact with the solid wastes. The current MSW disposal systems are wholly inadequatesince the existing landfill operates more or less as a waste dumping ground rather than as a sanitary landfill. The closed incinerator has also been an environmental problem in the past. Implementation of this project as outlined. will improve the adequatedisposal of MSW in the city. This project will supply criticallv needed MSW collection and disposal systems which will allow the collection and removal rates to rise. the service area to expand, and the further exploitation of economic developmentopportunities. Sanitation and Public Health The lack of adequate MSW collection svstems can contribute to a wide varietv of potential public health concerns and the promotion of disease, vectors. and rodents. These potential problems also occur when MSW collection involves a high degree of human contact. The proposed SUEP project will alleviate these concerns and also provide a more attractive city appearance. Leshan is located at the junction of three major river systems and solid waste that is not collected and disposed of properly will likelv end up in the surface waters. The rivers in this area are currentlv highly degraded bv floating materials. This impact should be improved bv this project. Economic Developmenit The supplv of adequate MSW collection and disposal svstems is a minimum need for allowing the city to grow and develop economicaliv into the future. In addition. tourism is a major existing and proposed economic activity in Leshan and the maintenance of a clean citv will foster its image as a tourist destination. .4estheticand Enmjoyent The surface waters in Leshan form a major backdrop and focus in the city and the improvementof water qualitv and sanitarv conditions along these drainage ways will greatly improve the citv aesthetics. Urban renewal efforts are already underwav in the citv to replace dilapidated buildings with river-side parks and water amenities. Improved trash collection and reduced river-side dumping will enhance these efforts. Tourism is a major industrvin Leshan and economic development plans include a significant increase in tourism into the future. The waterways in Leshan have historically formed focal points for economic and tourist activities and the citv should reap these benefits with the implementationof this scheme. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-86 DECEvIBER 1998 SICHlUANURBAN ENVIRONIENT l'ROJEC1 ENVIRONMENTALASSESS.MENT Volume 3 - Appendix E E 9.2 Potential Short Term ConstructionImpacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 9.2.1 Impacts Relocation and Compensation The landfill will require 284 mu. a significant land acquisition which will be carried out in phases as the landfill expands. The RAP addresses land acquisition, the decreased output of agriculture and forest products. and the relocation and re-emplovmentof 37 households. The proposed site currently comprises72mu of cultivated land and 172muof mountain forest. The total land area to be occupied by the proposed landfill 284mu of which 40mu has already been occupied by the existing waste dump. Of the remaining 244 mu, the first phase of this project will occupy 60mu. The second phase will occupy 157mu. 27 mu will be used for other uses such as administrationand leachatetreatment. The total cost of the RAP is estimated as 25.87 million Yuan (see the RAP for a detailed breakdown of the costs). Demolition/SiteClearance The existing MSW incinerator should be demolished as part of this project to prevent it being used again for burning MSW. It constitutesa major potential air pollution source and should be eliminated. Clearance of 172 mu of forest in several stages during the construction of the landfill could have some influence on the ecological environment of this area. The wood is classifiedas secondarv forest without any rare or protected plants; major tree species are pine, cypress. Ligustrun. palm, orange tree and bamboo etc. The animals in the area include Woodland frog, Swamp frog. Black-spot frog, Sparrow. Black-eyebrowsnake. Crow, Grass thrush. Black-tail snake. etc. No rare or protected animal or fish spawning ponds are found in the area. Following forest clearance and disruption of natural drainage patterns there will be short term potential for increased storm water runoff and soil erosion. This will occur until the construction of the landfill drainaee svstems in the area. Interim drainage and erosion preventionmeasures will be implementedduring this time. With completion of the project. landscapingof the completed landfill will control water and soil erosion. .Voiseand Dust There could be temporarv noise impacts from construction equipment and transport. The noise levels could potentially be high but there are few residents in the area and no sensitive receptors were identified. The site mainlv comprises fields and woodland and the dam will be constructed in a valley. Hence. construction noise will be muffled by the hills. It is recommended that operations are halted at night to mitigate any temporarv noise problem. The predicted noise intensity is about 80-85dB(A). The noise source is mobile and intermittent. Transportation Since the major construction associated with this project involves enlargement and improvements to the existing landfill site and this site does not affect Leshan's urban 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-87 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume 3 - AppendixE transportation network, this project will not have any significant additional impacts on transportationin the area. Safety Issues The only serious constructionrelated issue relative to safety will be the careful management of leachate and gas produced from the existing landfill while the enlarged and improved landfill operation is put into place. Special care will need to be made to ensure the safety of construction workers and nearby farmers. Public Facilities Leshan Citv is an historic citv with manv cultural relics. No cultural relics or public facilities lie within the landfill site area and hence, they should not be affected by the project E 9.2.2 Mitigationand MonitoringManagement Plans Table E 9.1 Collection and Transfer Systems PotentialImpacts MlitigationMleasures Monitoring Type R sAgencies Relocations and land RAPsand adequate compensation Samplin andcomplaints c.d conversion | _ _ Dustand air quality Contractprovisions. supervision Records If Sensitive areas and I wetlands Realignmentor protection Records I' Noise Limited hours.equipment design Monthlylogs tdE .Materialhauling Operatinghours. routing provisions Truck logs. complaints | .c Safew% Trainingand contract provisions AccidenLtraining records Table E 9.2 Sanitarv Landfill Potential ... 1 Type I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Responsible |Potential Impacts MitigationMieasures MlonitoringT Agesncie Relocationsand land RAPsand adequate compensation Samplingand complaints comersioni o Noise Limited hours.equipment design | Monthlylogs d Erusion.site wvork BestMianapement Practices (BNMPs) Weekix.loasItl Saretv I Trainingand contract provisions I Accident trainingrecords f Dust.hauling -air quality TContract provisions. supervision Records t:c.d impacts Dewaterire BestManagement Practices IBMPsl Weeki logs ti LeachateControi BestManagement Practices (BMPs) Weeklylogs i f Removalof existing Inspectionsand records Visual.compietion log I incinerators I 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-88 DECEMBER 1998 SICHULAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume 3- Appendix E Table E 9.3 Leachate Handling, Existing Facility Potential Impacts MIitigation MIeasures MMonitoring Type Responsible II A2encies Relocations and land RAPs and adequatecompensation Sampling andcomplaints c conversion Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints d Noise Limited hours. equipment desien Monthly logs d Erosion and site work BMPs Weekly logs e Saletv Training and contract provisions Accident and training records e Dust. hauling - air qualiry Contrat provisions. supervision Records | e.c.d impacts l Table E 9.4 Construction Debris Disposal Potential Impacts MMitigation .Measures MMonitoring Type Responsible Uncontrolled dumps Monitor disposal Visual. trucklogs c.d Hazardous material use Monitor use and disposai Visual. trucklogs c.d and disposal I Direct or indirect dumping Monitor disposal. contract provisions Visual. inspections c.d in streams E 9.3 Potential Operational Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring E 9.3.1 Impacts Inadeqc,ateCollection and Transfer Systems The MSW landfill improvements have been coupled with improved collection and transfer systems in an attempt to improve overall MSW systems in Leshan. As such, the potential problem of inadequate systems to collect and transfer solid waste to the landfill should be minimised. However. there is a small possibility that the city's plans for collection and transfer systems are not adequate to meet the changing needs of the urban area. The landfill option is able to cope with variations in the quantities of MSW delivered. Industriul W`aste- Potenmialfor Toxic/Ha:ardous Contamination There are regulations against the dumping of industrial toxic and hazardous wastes in the municipal landfill. However. the level of enforcement of this regulation is unknown. In addition. the disposal of hazardous materials from household use will also be increasing with increasing affluence. It will be important to trv and keep such wastes out of the improved landfill so that the site does not require future clean-up as a hazardouswaste site. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-89 DECENIBER 1998 SICIIUAN LURBANENVIRONMEN T PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSNIENT Volumei - Appcndix E Noise In the urban area, the noise sources will be the collection trucks, transfer stations, and street sweeping equipment. The vehicular use of trucks and cleaning equipment will have to be handled by management practices (such as hours of operation and equipment maintenance). SRIEP has reviewed the transfer station site and found it to be suitable relative to noise and other issues. In the landfill, the main sources of the noise are the working bulldozer.roller, pump and other transport vehicles .The intensitv of noise is 80-90 dB(A), It has some influence on the acoustic environment around the site. Imported compaction equipment is specified and this equipment should be less noisy. During the landfilling operations. activities should be timed to reduce the influence of the noise on the surroundings. On the basis of the project analvsis, the landfill sound levels are all < 90dB. hence they can reach the Factorv Boundarv Noise Standard for Enterprises.Class B of GB12348-90, ie it is less than 60dB dav and less than 5OdBnight at a distance of 100m. From the distribution of the sound source, it can meet environmentalrequirement. Air Pollzttionand Odours During the operation period (especially in summer), each landfill unit or area will generate some offensive odour before cover material is added. The intensityof those pollutantswill be up to Class C. and the concentration of source intensity will be 2 mg/mi, including H2S at 0.06 m2/m3 and mercaptan at 0.04 mgmr'. The local environmental conditions were assessed according to "Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Solid Waste Landfill (GB16889-1997)". On the basis of the proposed operation. after clay sealing the bottom and covering the refuse, the offensive odour will be minimised. Each landfill cell is covered with soil. so the extent of refuse exposed to the open-air at any one time is small. The landfill will thus meet the standard, based on the identified site boundarv. However, in the summer season. there are both higher temperatures and bacterial grovwth. In order to protect the employees' health, disinfection and sterilising work will be carried out. Leachate Disposcaland Mixing After the landfill site goes into operation. it is predicted to produce 100 t/day of leachate on average during the wet season. The concentration of BOD and COD in the leachate is 1 000 to 3 000ma/l and 2 000 to 7 000mg/I. respectively. It could effect the water quality of the Dashi River and the Min River. Recirculation of the leachate back to the operating MSW disposai cells can minimize the overall quantity of leachate and hence the quantity requiring treatment. A collecting ditch in the site will direct the leachate into a balancing tank where it will be pumped back to the working cell. Such methods are used widely in developed countries but experience in China is limited. According to the theoretical calculation made by the design consultants.using meteorological data of rainfall and evaporation in Leshan. the treated quantitv of the leachatecan be reduced by 60-70% after the recirculation. The pollution concentration of the leachate will be reduced by 40-50% according to the experience of the operation in foreign countries. Recirculation can reduce the scale and capital investment required for the leachatetreatment station. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-90 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMIENTPROJECT ENVIRONNIENTALASSESSNIENT Volumc3 - AppendixE A treatment station for the refuse leachatewill be built in the sanitary landfill site in Leshan. The designed scale is 100 m3/d. The performance specification for the leachate treatment plant has been based on meeting the requirements of the new standard for landfill wastewater discharges, GB 16899-1997for flows of up to 100 m3/dav.which requires reducing: COD from 5000 mg/I to 300 mg/I BOD5 from 1500 mg/I to 150 mg/I NH- from 300 mgi/ to 25 mg/l The leachate treatment plant will consist of anaerobic and flocculation processes with an oxidation pond. Space for a disinfection facility using UV or chlorine has been allowed in order to control bacteria levels if this is required at a later date. Similar designs are working in Hangzhou and Guangzhou. Recent operating data provided on a landfill in Shao Xing in Ze Jiang Province indicatesa similar leachate treatment plant has been successfully meeting discharge standards since 1993. The leachate discharged into the Dashi River flows into the Min River after 5.5 km. The Dashi River is mainly a flood-reliefchannel. The SRIEP forecasted the impact of discharged leachate on the Dashi River and the Min River. The Dashi River has minimal flows in the dry season and from observation,appears to be very polluted. The norrnal flow in the Dashi River is,I to 2 m3/s. the average flow in the dry season is 0.5 m;/s. So, dilution mixing model was adopted for forecast. The conditions for two scenarios were considered: (a) The treatment station operates normally, the leachate dischargecan meet the discharge standard after being treated: (b) The treatment station breaks down. the leachate is discharged directly without any treatment. In view of the above-mentioned conditions. the standard discharge of the leachate after treatment will neither adversely impact on the Dashi River. which meet Class Ill of the Standard beforejoining into the Min. nor the Min River. If the treatment station breaks down and the leachate discharges directly to the river without any treatment, CODM.and BOD5 in the Dashi River will exceed the requirementspecified by Class lIt of the water body standard. GB3838-88. Although data was not supplied. it is highly likely that the Dashi River already exceeds Class III standards. The forecast produced by two-dimensional model shows water in the Min River will still meet the Class III of the standard when it receives the water from the Dashi River. However. there will be localised impacts on the farmers and other users of the water downstream of the landfill. The engineering geological survey report of Leshan Refuse Sanitary Landfill Site shows that there are no harmful geological features in the landfill site region including landslide. slide and mud-rock tlowvetc. The natural slope is stable in the region: the leakage in the land layer of the site region is caused by heavy and medium weathering of rock layers. crevicesand poor drainage. so water in the site is hard to leach from the sides. Leachate will be drained beneath the dam bottom of the refuse site along the ditches (check). The bottom of the refuse site will be clay and any crevices and large cracks that occur will be sealed with cement grout. While digging the dam basemrentto the designed depth, cement 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-91 DECEMBER1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTALASSESSMENT Volumc3 - AppcndixE grout will be used to seal the rock foundation, thus reducing the leakage rate, at the dam bottom and prevent leaking of leachate. In view of the above, the leachate of Leshan Refuse Sanitary Landfill Site is not predicted to have an impact on the water qualitv of groundwater if the measures above are carried out under strict site management. Gas Production There will be 44 collecting gas wells in the landfill area according to the design. A gas collection station (LxBxH=30mx10mx7.2m) contains a control room, distribution room. room for gas treatment and some space for utilising the gas in future. The condensation drainer removes the saturated vapour in the gas. The collected gas is burned in from a flare stack. The flare stack is placed on an concrete foundation in the south-west corner of the gas treatment station. The flare stack (Type C8, N= 15kw)is imported and has a burningcapacity of 600 m3/h. The decomposition rate of organic matter in the site depends on the factors of refuse/solid waste compositionand water content etc. and the latter can be controlled. The speed rate of biogas production by organic waste decomposition is difficult to predict and control. However, the total amount of the gas production, can be controlled by adjusting the water content and particulate size of the solid waste in the site. The total amount of the gas production will reach its peak within two years. Then it will reduce gradualiv according to the predicted data for gas production in Leshan Refuse Sanitary Landfill Site supplied by the design engineers. Gas recovery and reuse is not initially contemplatedbecause of the lack of large industrialenterprises in the area. Sludge/ScreeningsLoading and Problems The landfill reportedlv receives septic tank sludge currently. although this is apparently used mostly for agricultural fertiliser in a similar fashion as night soil. In addition, the landfill will be receiving a rather large quantity of wastewater screenings from the three pumping and screening stations that will be built for wastewater treatment under a separate SUEP project. The final design of the landfill should provide a convenient method of dumping both sludges and screenings so that the normal operations and compaction are not affected. Both substances should be mixed with dry MSW and spread rather than put into separate ponded areas that would be subject to overflow and would make compaction difficult. O&f Problemnscand Ecpense During the period of landfilling, refuse will produce a great amount of biogas. According to the refuse treated volume in 2005. the volume of biogas production will be about 2.413 x 10 ma/a and in 2010. it will be 3.242 x 10 m'/a. The composition of biogas is mainly methane and carbon dioxide. Thev can cause fire and explosion without proper handling. The landfill design addresses such concerns but proper operation and maintenance will be essential. The supervision and management of landfill sites is very important. Mismanagement mav cause the following problems: Urban refuse cannot be collected and transported to landfiil sites in a timely and complete way. so landfill sites cannot function normallv. The spillage and leakage of the refuse along the roads will have a bad influence on the urban landscape and sanitarv environment. 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-92 DECEMBER1998 SICI-IUANURBIAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMIENTrALASSESSMENT VolumneI- Appendix E The mismanagementwill result in the increaseof flies and mosquitoesin summer and the spreading of diseases. The mismanagementof leachate will pollute surface water and groundwater. Inadequate covering with clav, can cause foul smells to spread and the refuse to mix with the surface or groundwater. Whether the landfill site runs normallv depends on the supervisionand managementto a great degree. ensuring that operationalprocedures are strictly adhered to. A strict operating system must be laid down in the constructiondesign. Every workman must work according to the stipulated rules to guarantee the effectiveness of the landfill Site. The domestic refuse in Leshan is usually held in dustbins and tanks, then transportedto the transfer station of refuse. The managementof the refuse tanks and dustbins should be improved. The following must be done: Dump refuse at specifictimes and locations. Prevent scavengers spilling refuse in dustbins and tanks on the street resulting in contamination of the urbanenvironment. Disinfect dustbins and tanks at regular intervals to prevent the spreading of diseases. Guarantee that all of the refuse in dustbins. tanks and transfer stations can be transported to the landfill site. Don't leave any future trouble behind in the city. Vectors and Disease Procedures specified for managing the landfill should minimise the breeding habitat for flies. mosquitoes and rats. This will hopefullv protect the health of the people in the area 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-93 DECEMBER 1998 SICHUAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTPROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Voluie 3 - AppenidixE E 9.3.2 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans Table E 9.5 Solid Waste Sources PotentialImpacts Mitigation Mleasures Monitoring Type Responsible I Agencies Industrialhazardousitoxic Enforce industrialreguiations. monitor Inspections.industriai logs. d.c.b sources in waste industrial use and disposal approved sites Hospital/infectioussources Enforce hospital regulations. monitor Inspections.hospital logs. d.c.b in waste hospital use and disposal approved sites Householdhazardous Provide household collectionand Inspections.verify d.c.b waste incTeases disposal system collection/disposalsystem Source quantity/mix varies Regular weighing and analysis of wastes Records and logs t:c from desien Householdremoval Review neighbourhoodfacilities and Plans review. financial analvsis ftc.a inadequate equipment _ Table E 9.6 Collection and Transfer Svstems Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Mnitoringonmoring Type I ~AgenciesResponsible Noise Operating hours. routingprovisions Ambient levels. complaints c.d. Workersafety Training and contract provisions Accident. training records c.f Public safetv Protectivemeasures Accident records c.f Sanitary conditions Establish/enforcehealth safeEuards Visual. complaints fd.health Oust and air quality Contract provisions,supervision Visual. complaints Ed Equipmentfailure Design. O&M methods 1 Daily logs teC Lackspare of parts Desien insures spare parts readilvy Lack oi pare; avaiable pats icalls . Plans review. inventory t: Lackspare of~ .availablei locallyinpcto m~~~~~~~~~~~~~ispection Table E 9.7 Street Washing and Sweeping Equipment Potential Impacts MlitigationNleasures [ lonitoringType Responsible Noise OperaEinghours. routing provisions Ambient leveis and complaints c.d. W.Vorkersalets Training and contract provisions Accident training records c.1 I ublic saierv Protective measures Accident records c.f sanitary conditions Establish/entorcehealth sateguards * Visual. complaints fid. health Dust and air quality j Contract provisions.supervision Visual. complaints t:d Equipment failure fDesign. O&M methods Daily logs I: Lack of spare parts Design insures spare parts are readiiy Plans review. inventory t:c available locally inspeetion 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-94 DECEMBER 1998 SICfIUAN URBAN ENVIRONNIENT PROJECT ENVIRONNIENTAL ASSESSNMENT Volume - Appendix E Table 9.8 Sanitary Landfills Potential Impacts Mlitigation Nleasures Monitoring Type Rgencies Removal ot'existing Inspections and records Visual. completion iog t incinerators Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual. complaints d Noise Limited hours. equipment design Ambient levels and compiaints c.d Erosion and runotf control O&M Procedures Weekly iogs. inspections t Safet, Training. protective measuresand AccidenL training records c.f contract provisions Gas explosions Desien. O&M procedures Inspections. operating records fc.d Dust. hauling - air quality Contract provisions. supervision Records t: c.d impacts Sanitation of site Establish and enforce standards Visual. contract fd.health Leachate control Design. O&M procedures Inspections. operating records f.c.d Subsidence Design. O&M procedures Inspections. operating records ftc.d Lack of adequatecover. Design. O&M procedures Inspections. operating records ftc.d daily/final i Table E 9.9 Leachate Treatment Plants T I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Responsible Potential Impacts , Nlitigation 'Measures Mlonitoring Type gesnsib Higher quantity or quaiity Design. O&M. inspections Operating records. monitoring f.d than design | reports Treatment plant bypasses Design. O&M. inspections j Operating records. monitonng t:c.d 1reports Satet! Training. protective measures and Accident and training records j c.f ______[contract provisions I _ I Chemical handling Training. protective measures and Accident and training records c.f problems,t accidents contract provisions | Equipment failure T Design. O&M. spare parts avaiiability T Daiiy logs c.f Poor treatment Design. O&M. inspections Operating records. monitoring fc.d performance ! | reports Table E 9.10 Local and Downstream Water Users Potential Impacts MMitigation Measures I Monitoring Type Responsible I ______I ______A gencies Irrigated agricultural water Altemative water supplies. change Inspect crops and water sources F|c.d.agric. gusers croppindgpatterns u |Intpactstoground,%ater \1Monitorwells ofgroundwater users Monthlysampling Ed IImpactsto surface waters Surface water sampling program Visual and surtace water ftd.b monitorine- Fluman direct cont-act Protection measures,consider inspections d.c. health subsurface or wetlanddischarge 41367.EA.APPENDIXE E-95 DECEMBER 1998