DOCSLIB.ORG

Nematodes from Tissues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nematodes from Tissues Nematodes from tissues Filariae, Toxocara spp., Trichinella spiralis Filariae Mansonella perstans D, N, B Mansonella ozzardi D, N, B Mansonella streptocerca SB Loa loa: œdème fugace de Calabar, eye D, B Onchocerca volvulus: river blindness SB Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi: lymphatic filariae, elephantiasis N, B D: day – N: night – B: blood – SB: skin biopsy Filariae Mansonella perstans Africa, South America, Surinam Mansonella ozzardi South America Mansonella streptocerca West Africa Loa loa West and Central Africa Onchocerca volvulus Africa, South America Wuchereria bancrofti Africa, South America, Asia Brugia malayi Asia Microfilariae that can be seen in peripheral blood in Congo-Kinshasa, according to J. Sonnet and J. Vandepitte. Mansonella perstans Loa loa Wuchereria bancrofti Periodicity day/night day night Vector flies flies mosquitoes (Culicoides spp.) (Chrysops spp.) (Culex, Anopheles, …) Size < 200 µm > 250 (230) µm > 250 µm Tail terminal nuclei terminal nuclei no terminal nuclei Sheath no yes (not stained by yes (slightly stained by Giemsa) Giemsa) Mansonella perstans Small microfilaria whitout a sheath (approximately 200 x 4 to 5 µm) with a blunt tail filled with nuclei (Thin film stained with Giemsa). Mansonella perstans and Loa loa Loa loa is distinctly longer and thicker than M. perstans. In the thick film the microfilaria of Loa loa show irregular coiling. The sheath does not stain with Giemsa (Thick film stained with Giemsa). Courtesy CDC Mansonella perstans and Loa loa The complete microfilaria with its elegant and complex convolutions is that of M. perstans. It is smaller and thinner than the incomplete Loa loa microfilaria. The somatic nuclei of M. perstans are visible as far as the rounded caudal end of the microfilaria (Thick film stained with Giemsa). Loa loa One or two herniae are typical for the species. The last caudal nucleus is terminal (Thick film stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa). Loa loa The sheath is seen here in the anterior and in the caudal end. The sheath does not stain with Giemsa and stains poorly with other stains. The tail is tapering gradually and there are nuclei till the end (Thick film stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa). Loa loa The sheath is seen here in the anterior and in the caudal end. The sheath stains poorly. The tail is tapering gradually and there are nuclei till the end (Stained thick film). Loa loa The sheath is seen here at the caudal end. The sheath stains poorly. The tail is tapering gradually and there are nuclei till the end (Stained thick film). Loa loa Adult male removed from the eye. The male filaria is smaller (up to 3,4 cm) than the female (5-7 cm) (Unstained). cmcm Loa loa Tail with spicule from an adult male removed from the eye (Unstained). Mansonella streptocerca Slender microfilaria with rounded tip curved to form a hook (Skin scarification stained with Giemsa). Mansonella streptocerca Single row of distinctive somatic nuclei in the rounded caudal end of the microfilaria. The latter is curved like a bishop’s staff (Skin scarification stained with Giemsa). Mansonella ozzardi In thick blood film. Irregular coiling. The last caudal nucleus is subterminal and pointed. The caudal cuticula is also pointed (Giemsa stain). Onchocerca volvulus Extensively coiled microfilaria. The tail end is pointed and does not contain nuclei (Skin scarification stained with Giemsa). Wuchereria bancrofti Graceful curves of the microfilaria in the thick film. The sheath is clearly visible, especially at the cephalic end (Thick film stained by Carazzi’s method). Wuchereria bancrofti Cephalic end with sheath and caudal end of the microfilaria. No nuclei in the pointed caudal end (Thick film stained by Carazzi’s method). Wuchereria bancrofti Cephalic end and tail with sheath of the microfilaria. No nuclei in the pointed caudal end (Thin film stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa). Wuchereria bancrofti Caudal end with sheath of the microfilaria. No nuclei in the pointed caudal end (Thin film stained by May- Grünwald-Giemsa). Wuchereria bancrofti Caudal end of the microfilaria. No nuclei in the pointed caudal end (Thin film stained by May- Grünwald-Giemsa). Wuchereria bancrofti Caudal end of the microfilaria. No nuclei in the pointed caudal end (Thin film stained by May- Grünwald-Giemsa). Wuchereria bancrofti •Taylor M.J. et al. 2005. The Lancet 365:2116-2121 Macrofilaricidal activity of doxycycline on W. bancrofti. Based on the depletion of the vital Wolbachia endosymbionts bacteria. Brugia malayi Coiled microfilaria in thick blood film. The nuclei are more or less distinct. The last caudal nucleus is clearly separated from the others and extends into the tip of the tail. The sheath is well developed and stained red (Giemsa stain). Pseudomicrofilaria (Helicospora?) Blood accidentally contaminated with a fungus. The diameter is much smaller than for microfilariae. Note the numerous transverse septa (May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain). Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis • “Elephantiasis” • Resolution WHA50.29 in 1997 • 120 million patients in 83 countries • More than 1 billion (20 % of world population) are at risk of acquiring the infection • 90% Wuchereria bancrofti, most of the remainder Brugia malayi • 2-drug combinations (DEC + albendazole or ivermectin + albendazole) Courtesy WHO Larva migrans • Larva migrans cutanea: larbish, creeping eruption, caused by hookworms of animals (cat, dog …) Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma brasiliense, … • Larva migrans visceralis: high eosinophilia with variable symptomatology (general, eye invasion), due to Toxocara canis, diagnosis by serology, … •… Toxocara canis Several adult worms, smaller than A. lumbricoides. 1 cm Dirofilaria immitis • Canine heart worm: nematode (filaria) of dog in right ventricle and pulmonary artery. • Transmitted via mosquito bite (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex). • Pseudo-tumor of the lung in man. Hemmersbach-Miller M. Et al. 2005. Presse Med., 34:109-110. Trichinella spiralis Larva in muscle tissue following biopsy . Trichinella spiralis Courtesy Gentilini M. & Duflo B. Free living nematodes Free living nematodes are very common (Unstained)..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca Volvulus Excretory Secretory Products
    pathogens Review The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Products Luc Vanhamme 1,*, Jacob Souopgui 1 , Stephen Ghogomu 2 and Ferdinand Ngale Njume 1,2 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (F.N.N.) 2 Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O Box 63, Cameroon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Nematodes constitute a very successful phylum, especially in terms of parasitism. Inside their mammalian hosts, parasitic nematodes mainly dwell in the digestive tract (geohelminths) or in the vascular system (filariae). One of their main characteristics is their long sojourn inside the body where they are accessible to the immune system. Several strategies are used by parasites in order to counteract the immune attacks. One of them is the expression of molecules interfering with the function of the immune system. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) pertain to this category. This is, however, not their only biological function, as they seem also involved in other mechanisms such as pathogenicity or parasitic cycle (molting, for example). Wewill mainly focus on filariae ESPs with an emphasis on data available regarding Onchocerca volvulus, but we will also refer to a few relevant/illustrative examples related to other worm categories when necessary (geohelminth nematodes, trematodes or cestodes).
    [Show full text]
  • Wuchereria Bancrofti Filaria Activates Human Dendritic Cells and Polarizes
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0392-8 OPEN Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4 Suprabhat Mukherjee 1,2,4,5, Anupama Karnam 2,5, Mrinmoy Das 2,5, Santi P. Sinha Babu 1 & 1234567890():,; Jagadeesh Bayry 2,3 Interaction between innate immune cells and parasite plays a key role in the immuno- pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. Despite being professional antigen presenting cells cri- tical for the pathogen recognition, processing and presenting the antigens for mounting T cell responses, the dendritic cell response and its role in initiating CD4+ T cell response to filaria, in particular Wuchereria bancrofti, the most prevalent microfilaria is still not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that a 70 kDa phosphorylcholine-binding W. bancrofti sheath antigen induces human dendritic cell maturation and secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, microfilarial sheath antigen-stimulated dendritic cells drive predominantly Th1 and regulatory T cell responses while Th17 and Th2 responses are marginal. Mechanistically, sheath antigen- induced dendritic cell maturation, and Th1 and regulatory T cell responses are mediated via toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Our data suggest that W. bancrofti sheath antigen exploits dendritic cells to mediate distinct CD4+ T cell responses and immunopathogenesis of lym- phatic filariasis. 1 Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India. 2 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe—Immunopathologie et immuno-intervention thérapeutique, Sorbonne Universités, F-75006 Paris, France. 3 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxocariasis: a Rare Cause of Multiple Cerebral Infarction Hyun Hee Kwon Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
    Case Report Infection & http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2015.47.2.137 Infect Chemother 2015;47(2):137-141 Chemotherapy ISSN 2093-2340 (Print) · ISSN 2092-6448 (Online) Toxocariasis: A Rare Cause of Multiple Cerebral Infarction Hyun Hee Kwon Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati, mostly due to accidental in- gestion of embryonated eggs. Clinical manifestations vary and are classified as visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans according to the organs affected. Central nervous system involvement is an unusual complication. Here, we report a case of multiple cerebral infarction and concurrent multi-organ involvement due to T. canis infestation of a previous healthy 39-year- old male who was admitted for right leg weakness. After treatment with albendazole, the patient’s clinical and laboratory results improved markedly. Key Words: Toxocara canis; Cerebral infarction; Larva migrans, visceral Introduction commonly involved organs [4]. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is relatively rare in toxocariasis, especially CNS Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by infection with presenting as multiple cerebral infarction. We report a case of the roundworm species Toxocara canis or less frequently multiple cerebral infarction with lung and liver involvement Toxocara cati whose hosts are dogs and cats, respectively [1]. due to T. canis infection in a previously healthy patient who Humans become infected accidentally by ingestion of embry- was admitted for right leg weakness. onated eggs from contaminated soil or dirty hands, or by in- gestion of raw organs containing encapsulated larvae [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Structure Function Analysis of Thioredoxin from Wuchereria Bancrofti, a Drug Target for Human Lymphatic Filariasis
    Structure function analysis of thioredoxin from Wuchereria bancrofti, a drug target for human lymphatic filariasis Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften an der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Nasser Yousef (M.Sc.) aus Kairo, Ägypten Hamburg 2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2014 in der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Ch. Betzel am Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie am Department Chemie der Universität Hamburg angefertigt. Gutachter: Herr Prof. Christian Betzel Herr Prof. Reinhard Bredehorst Tag der Disputation: 25.07.2014 To my wife and daughters Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................I List of figures ........................................................................................................................... VI List of tables ............................................................................................................................. IX List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................. X Symbols for Amino Acids .................................................................................................... XVI 1. Aim of this Work .................................................................................................................. 1 2. Summary – Zusammenfassung
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 5: Emerging Parasitic Helminths Part 2: Tissue Nematodes
    Readings-Nematodes • Ch. 11 (pp. 290, 291-93, 295 [box 11.1], 304 [box 11.2]) • Lecture 5: Emerging Parasitic Ch.14 (p. 375, 367 [table 14.1]) Helminths part 2: Tissue Nematodes Matt Tucker, M.S., MSPH [email protected] HSC4933 Emerging Infectious Diseases HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 Monsters Inside Me Learning Objectives • Toxocariasis, larva migrans (Toxocara canis, dog hookworm): • Understand how visceral larval migrans, cutaneous larval migrans, and ocular larval migrans can occur Background: • Know basic attributes of tissue nematodes and be able to distinguish http://animal.discovery.com/invertebrates/monsters-inside- these nematodes from each other and also from other types of me/toxocariasis-toxocara-roundworm/ nematodes • Understand life cycles of tissue nematodes, noting similarities and Videos: http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside- significant difference me-toxocariasis.html • Know infective stages, various hosts involved in a particular cycle • Be familiar with diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathogenicity, http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me- &treatment toxocara-parasite.html • Identify locations in world where certain parasites exist • Note drugs (always available) that are used to treat parasites • Describe factors of tissue nematodes that can make them emerging infectious diseases • Be familiar with Dracunculiasis and status of eradication HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 3 HSC4933. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4 Lecture 5: On the Menu Problems with other hookworms • Cutaneous larva migrans or Visceral Tissue Nematodes larva migrans • Hookworms of other animals • Cutaneous Larva Migrans frequently fail to penetrate the human dermis (and beyond). • Visceral Larva Migrans – Ancylostoma braziliense (most common- in Gulf Coast and tropics), • Gnathostoma spp. Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma “creeping eruption” ceylanicum, • Trichinella spiralis • They migrate through the epidermis leaving typical tracks • Dracunculus medinensis • Eosinophilic enteritis-emerging problem in Australia HSC4933.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathophysiology and Gastrointestinal Impacts of Parasitic Helminths in Human Being
    Research and Reviews on Healthcare: Open Access Journal DOI: 10.32474/RRHOAJ.2020.06.000226 ISSN: 2637-6679 Research Article Pathophysiology and Gastrointestinal Impacts of Parasitic Helminths in Human Being Firew Admasu Hailu1*, Geremew Tafesse1 and Tsion Admasu Hailu2 1Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Dilla, Ethiopia 2Addis Ababa Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Firew Admasu Hailu, Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Dilla, Ethiopia Received: November 05, 2020 Published: November 20, 2020 Abstract Introduction: This study mainly focus on the major pathologic manifestations of human gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms. Background: Helminthes and protozoan are human parasites that can infect gastrointestinal tract of humans beings and reside in intestinal wall. Protozoans are one celled microscopic, able to multiply in humans, contributes to their survival, permits serious infections, use one of the four main modes of transmission (direct, fecal-oral, vector-borne, and predator-prey) and also helminthes are necked multicellular organisms, referred as intestinal worms even though not all helminthes reside in intestines. However, in their adult form, helminthes cannot multiply in humans and able to survive in mammalian host for many years due to their ability to manipulate immune response. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to assess the main pathophysiology and gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms in human being. Methods: Both primary and secondary data were collected using direct observation, books and articles, and also analyzed quantitativelyResults and and conclusion: qualitatively Parasites following are standard organisms scientific living temporarily methods. in or on other organisms called host like human and other animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Infection with Onchocerca Volvulus and Loa Loa Microfilariae in Central Cameroon: Are These Two Species Interacting?
    843 Co-infection with Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa microfilariae in central Cameroon: are these two species interacting? S. D. S. PION1,2*, P. CLARKE3, J. A. N. FILIPE2,J.KAMGNO1,J.GARDON1,4, M.-G. BASA´ N˜ EZ2 and M. BOUSSINESQ1,5 1 Laboratoire mixte IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement) – CPC (Centre Pasteur du Cameroun) d’Epide´miologie et de Sante´ publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaounde´, Cameroun 2 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St Mary’s campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK 3 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK 4 Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement, UR 24 Epide´miologie et Pre´vention, CP 9214 Obrajes, La Paz, Bolivia 5 Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement, De´partement Socie´te´s et Sante´, 213 rue La Fayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France (Received 16 August 2005; revised 3 October; revised 9 December 2005; accepted 9 December 2005; first published online 10 February 2006) SUMMARY Ivermectin treatment may induce severe adverse reactions in some individuals heavily infected with Loa loa. This hampers the implementation of mass ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis in areas where Onchocerca volvulus and L. loa are co-endemic. In order to identify factors, including co-infections, which may explain the presence of high L. loa micro- filaraemia in some individuals, we analysed data collected in 19 villages of central Cameroon. Two standardized skin snips and 30 ml of blood were obtained from each of 3190 participants and the microfilarial (mf) loads of both O.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Genus Mansonella Faust, 1929 Sensu Lato (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), with Descriptions of a New Subgenus and a New Subspecies
    Zootaxa 3918 (2): 151–193 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3918.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DE65407C-A09E-43E2-8734-F5F5BED82C88 Review of the genus Mansonella Faust, 1929 sensu lato (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), with descriptions of a new subgenus and a new subspecies ODILE BAIN1†, YASEN MUTAFCHIEV2, KERSTIN JUNKER3,8, RICARDO GUERRERO4, CORALIE MARTIN5, EMILIE LEFOULON5 & SHIGEHIKO UNI6,7 1Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Parasitologie comparée, UMR 7205 CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 2Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] 3ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa 4Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, PO Box 47058, 1041A, Caracas, Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected] 5Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Parasitologie comparée, UMR 7245 MCAM, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 6Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] 7Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan 8Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] †In memory of our colleague Dr Odile Bain, who initiated this study and laid the ground work with her vast knowledge of the filarial worms and detailed morphological studies of the species presented in this paper Table of contents Abstract .
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Abbreviata Caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Verus) from Senegal
    pathogens Article Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal Younes Laidoudi 1,2 , Hacène Medkour 1,2 , Maria Stefania Latrofa 3, Bernard Davoust 1,2, Georges Diatta 2,4,5, Cheikh Sokhna 2,4,5, Amanda Barciela 6 , R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar 6,7 , Didier Raoult 1,2, Domenico Otranto 3 and Oleg Mediannikov 1,2,* 1 IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (D.R.) 2 IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (C.S.) 3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; [email protected] (M.S.L.); [email protected] (D.O.) 4 IRD, SSA, APHM, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France 5 VITROME, IRD 257, Campus International UCAD-IRD, Hann, Dakar, Senegal 6 Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (R.A.H.-A.) 7 Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-041-373-2401 Received: 19 April 2020; Accepted: 23 June 2020; Published: 27 June 2020 Abstract: Abbreviata caucasica (syn.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Detection of Dirofilaria Spp. and Host Blood-Meal Identification
    Khanzadeh et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:548 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04432-4 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Molecular detection of Diroflaria spp. and host blood-meal identifcation in the Simulium turgaicum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Aras River Basin, northwestern Iran Fariba Khanzadeh1, Samad Khaghaninia1, Naseh Maleki‑Ravasan2,3*, Mona Koosha4 and Mohammad Ali Oshaghi4* Abstract Background: Blackfies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are known as efective vectors of human and animal pathogens, world‑ wide. We have already indicated that some individuals in the Simulium turgaicum complex are annoying pests of humans and livestock in the Aras River Basin, Iran. However, there is no evidence of host preference and their possible vectorial role in the region. This study was conducted to capture the S. turgaicum (s.l.), to identify their host blood‑ meals, and to examine their potential involvement in the circulation of zoonotic microflariae in the study areas. Methods: Adult blackfies of the S. turgaicum complex were bimonthly trapped with insect net in four ecotopes (humans/animals outdoors, irrigation canals, lands along the river, as well as rice and alfalfa farms) of ten villages (Gholibaiglou, Gungormaz, Hamrahlou, Hasanlou, Khetay, Khomarlou, Larijan, Mohammad Salehlou, Parvizkhanlou and Qarloujeh) of the Aras River Basin. A highly sensitive and specifc nested PCR assay was used for detection of flarial nematodes in S. turgaicum (s.l.), using nuclear 18S rDNA‑ITS1 markers. The sources of blood meals of engorged specimens were determined using multiplex and conventional cytb PCR assays. Results: A total of 2754 females of S. turgaicum (s.l.) were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor
    h ' '' f MASGC-B-78-001 c. 3 A MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor NATIONAL SEA GRANT DEPOSITORY \ PELL LIBRARY BUILDING URI NA8RAGANSETT BAY CAMPUS % NARRAGANSETT. Rl 02882 Robin M. Overstreet r ii MISSISSIPPI—ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM MASGP—78—021 MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 This study was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-7-158-44017 and National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project No. 2-262-R. TheMississippi-AlabamaSea Grant Consortium furnish ed all of the publication costs. The U.S. Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. Copyright© 1978by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium and R.M. Overstrect All rights reserved. No pari of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. Primed by Blossman Printing, Inc.. Ocean Springs, Mississippi CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIOSIS 2 INVERTEBRATES AS HOSTS 5 THE AMERICAN OYSTER 5 Public Health Aspects 6 Dcrmo 7 Other Symbionts and Diseases 8 Shell-Burrowing Symbionts II Fouling Organisms and Predators 13 THE BLUE CRAB 15 Protozoans and Microbes 15 Mclazoans and their I lypeiparasites 18 Misiellaneous Microbes and Protozoans 25 PENAEID
    [Show full text]
  • Genomics of Loa Loa, a Wolbachia-Free Filarial Parasite of Humans
    ARTICLES OPEN Genomics of Loa loa, a Wolbachia-free filarial parasite of humans Christopher A Desjardins1, Gustavo C Cerqueira1, Jonathan M Goldberg1, Julie C Dunning Hotopp2, Brian J Haas1, Jeremy Zucker1, José M C Ribeiro3, Sakina Saif1, Joshua Z Levin1, Lin Fan1, Qiandong Zeng1, Carsten Russ1, Jennifer R Wortman1, Doran L Fink4,5, Bruce W Birren1 & Thomas B Nutman4 Loa loa, the African eyeworm, is a major filarial pathogen of humans. Unlike most filariae, L. loa does not contain the obligate intracellular Wolbachia endosymbiont. We describe the 91.4-Mb genome of L. loa and that of the related filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti and predict 14,907 L. loa genes on the basis of microfilarial RNA sequencing. By comparing these genomes to that of another filarial parasite, Brugia malayi, and to those of several other nematodes, we demonstrate synteny among filariae but not with nonparasitic nematodes. The L. loa genome encodes many immunologically relevant genes, as well as protein kinases targeted by drugs currently approved for use in humans. Despite lacking Wolbachia, L. loa shows no new metabolic synthesis or transport capabilities compared to other filariae. These results suggest that the role of Wolbachia in filarial biology is more subtle All rights reserved. than previously thought and reveal marked differences between parasitic and nonparasitic nematodes. Filarial nematodes dwell within the lymphatics and subcutaneous (but not the worm itself) have shown efficacy in treating humans tissues of up to 170 million people worldwide and are responsible with these infections4,5. Through genomic analysis, Wolbachia have for notable morbidity, disability and socioeconomic loss1.
    [Show full text]