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Requiem Pour Un Journal Étude Comparative De La Qualité De L

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Requiem Pour Un Journal Étude Comparative De La Qualité De L Requiem pour un journal Étude comparative de la qualité de l’information au Journal de Montréal et au journal électronique ruefrontenac.com Carolane Gratton Thèse soumise à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales dans le cadre des exigences du programme de maîtrise ès arts, communication Université d’Ottawa Département de communication Hiver 2014 © Carolane Gratton, Ottawa, Canada, 2014 Remerciements Ce projet de recherche s’est penché sur une étude de cas, celle du site d’information ruefrontenac.com, qui a été créé par les journalistes du Journal de Montréal durant leur conflit de travail en 2009. Il s’agit d’un sujet de discussion délicat pour plusieurs des journalistes qui ont accepté de participer à mon projet, et je les remercie d’avoir pris le temps de me parler et du soutien dont ils ont fait preuve à mon égard. Je tiens aussi à remercier Marc-François Bernier, professeur au Département de communication de l’Université d’Ottawa, qui a dirigé ma thèse et qui a démontré son intérêt pour mon projet dès ses débuts. Je souhaite aussi remercier mes proches pour leur patience et leur sollicitude durant les deux années qu’a duré mon projet, ainsi que tous ceux qui m’ont encouragée, mais qui n’ont pas eu la chance de voir mon projet finalisé. J’aimerais enfin souligner la contribution financière de la compagnie Saputo inc. qui, en collaboration avec la Chaire de recherche en éthique du journalisme de l'Université d'Ottawa, m’a attribué la bourse d’études Saputo en éthique du journalisme et qui a facilité la réalisation de cette recherche. ii Table des matières Remerciements ................................................................................................................................ ii Liste des tableaux ............................................................................................................................. v Sommaire ........................................................................................................................................ vi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapitre 1 La presse écrite québécoise et ses concepts ................................................................. 6 1.1 Historique de la presse écrite québécoise ............................................................................ 6 1.2 Lock-out au Journal de Montréal ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.1 Ruefrontenac.com ........................................................................................................ 16 1.3 La marchandisation de l’information .................................................................................. 17 1.4 La concentration des entreprises de presse ........................................................................ 18 1.5 La convergence des contenus ............................................................................................. 20 1.6 Liberté d’expression et liberté de presse ............................................................................ 21 1.7 Commissions d’enquête ...................................................................................................... 23 Chapitre 2 Revue de littérature ..................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Qualité de l’information ...................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Contexte organisationnel .................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 Les salles de nouvelles des journaux papiers et en ligne ............................................. 31 2.2.2 Conflits de travail dans la presse écrite ........................................................................ 37 Chapitre 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Opérationnalisation ....................................................................................................................... 41 3.1 Qualité de l’information ...................................................................................................... 41 3.1.1 Intérêt local .................................................................................................................. 41 3.1.2 Intérêt public ................................................................................................................ 43 3.1.3 Rigueur et exactitude ................................................................................................... 44 3.1.4 Équité ............................................................................................................................ 48 3.1.5 Crédibilité ..................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.6 Esprit d’initiative et de courage.................................................................................... 54 3.1.7 Idéal type ...................................................................................................................... 55 3.2 Contexte organisationnel .................................................................................................... 55 Chapitre 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 59 iii Méthodologie ................................................................................................................................ 59 4.1 Entrevues ............................................................................................................................. 59 4.1.1 Participants ................................................................................................................... 60 4.2 Analyse de contenu ............................................................................................................. 62 4.2.1 Sélection des articles à analyser ................................................................................... 64 Chapitre 5 ...................................................................................................................................... 66 Résultats ........................................................................................................................................ 66 5.1 Analyse de contenu ............................................................................................................. 66 5.1.1 Hypothèse 1 : La qualité de l’information et son journal d’appartenance .................. 66 5.1.2 Hypothèse 2 : La qualité de l’information et son année de publication ...................... 71 5.1.3 Hypothèse 3 : La qualité de l’information et l’ancienneté de son journaliste ............. 74 5.2 Entrevues ............................................................................................................................. 85 5.2.1 Journal de Montréal ..................................................................................................... 85 5.2.2 Les débuts de ruefrontenac.com .................................................................................. 96 5.2.3 Qualité de l’information ............................................................................................. 114 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 122 Annexe 1. Grille d’entrevue ......................................................................................................... 126 Annexe 2. Grille d’analyse de contenu ........................................................................................ 127 Références ................................................................................................................................... 130 iv Liste des tableaux Tableau 1 Qualité de l'information / Journal ................................................................................. 67 Tableau 2 Intérêt public / Journal .................................................................................................. 68 Tableau 3 Journal / Rigueur .......................................................................................................... 68 Tableau 4 Équité / journal ............................................................................................................. 69 Tableau 5 Sensationnalisme / Année ............................................................................................. 69 Tableau 6 Qualité de l'information/Année .................................................................................... 72 Tableau 7 Rigueur / Année ............................................................................................................ 72 Tableau 8 Équité / Année .............................................................................................................. 73 Tableau 9 Qualité de l'information / Ancienneté .................................. Erreur ! Signet non défini. Tableau 10 Intérêt local / Ancienneté ............................................................................................ 76 Tableau 11 Intérêt Public/ Ancienneté .........................................................................................
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