INDEX

A Australia Australian War Memorial 258–9 abdication 247, 289 blackbirding 173, 174 Austro-Hungarian Empire 6, 18, abolition of property city life 194–6 260–3 requirements 25, 186 colonial defence forces 174 abolition of slavery 21, 112–13 conscription 268, 285, 286–8 B Aboriginal peoples convicts 120–3 Balkans, nationalism 262–4 attempts to safeguard rights as and Aboriginal peoples 143, Ballarat Reform League 186–7 British subjects 162 144, 145, 149, 153, 156 banking system 52–4 early contact with outsiders 142 contemporary government 215 Batman, John 152 exploitation 151–2, 166 defence fears 174, 220 Batman’s ‘treaty’ 152 genocide in Van Diemen’s development 180–1 Battle of the Somme 277–8 Land 149–50 early years of bell pits 50 guerrilla war of resistance in Commonwealth 216–20 biased accounts 72, 96 Queensland 165 economic growth 218 Bills 167, 177 introduced diseases 145, 149 Eureka and political rights 95, Black Death 40 ‘Killing Times’ in the 185–8 blackbirding 173, 174 Kimberley 164 Federation 166, 210–15 blast furnaces 50 massacres by colonists 153, 163–4 free selectors vs squatters 188–90 blockades 266 National Apology to 137–8 gold rushes 16, 23, 128–9, bookkeeping 198, 222 Native Police Forces 160, 165 171–2, 189, 199 bourgeoisie 25 146 home front in World War I 281–5 Boxer Rebellion 232, 244–7 Port Phillip protectorate 161 immigration 23, 124, 130, 200, Britain protection policies 161, 166, 167 211, 219 agricultural revolution 36–9, 74 repatriation of human industrial reforms 218 13–16, remains 147 involvement in World War I 258–9 42–5, 47–9, 50–1, 54–8 reserves 161, 162, 166 lifestyles and leisure, early population growth during 18th resistance to occupation 145, Commonwealth 218–19 century 40–1 146–7, 151, 163–4 National Apology to Stolen population growth during 19th response to initial British Generation 137 century 34, 40 occupation 143–4 nationalism and Australian reform and progress 90–2 schools and missionaries 158–9 identity 203–5 and slavery 20, 113, 161 treaty with John Batman 152 political parties 199–202, 218 trade 62–3 voting rights 166–7 social divisions 197 trade unions 94–5 Yagan 147 strikes of 1890s 201–2 absolute monarchs 9 timeline 138, 181 C affiliated unions 199 trade 62–3, 212 canals 55 agricultural revolution 13, 36–9 trade unions 14–15, 199–202 cannibalism 167 American Revolution 20, 21, 115 COPYRIGHTEDwelfare reforms 218 MATERIALcartoons 206–7 animal husbandry 34 White Australia 130, 172–4, censorship 282 annexation 174, 262 219–20 census figures 34, 40, 72 anti-Chinese 172 working conditions 197–8, 218 central business district (CBD) 195 Anzac Day 257, 293–5 see also Aboriginal peoples; race cesspools 87 Anzac legend 293–5 relations in colonial Australia; Chadwick, Edwin 91 Anzacs Torres Strait Islanders Chartist movement 4, 25, 95 formation 268 Australian Council of Trade Unions child labour Gallipoli 271–4 (ACTU) 200 chimney sweeps 84 involvement in World War I Australian identity in coalmines 81, 83 269–70 and Anzac legend 293–5 laws governing 89–91 artefacts(Torres Strait) 169 and nationalism 203–5 in textile factories 79, 83 artillery 277 Australian Labor Party (ALP) children artwork, as sources 38, 81, 140–1, formation 202 in China 234 183 welfare and industrial war effort in Australia 282 Ashley, Lord 91 reforms 218 in 88, 89

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BMIndex.indd Page 304 14/10/17 10:10 AM China constitutions movement Arrow War 239 Australian 212 food riots (1795) 75 arts 231 China 247 impact of 74–7 attitudes to foreigners 235 French 9, 11 nature of 37 Boxer Rebellion 232, 244–7 meaning 9 77 children 234 convict life Swing riots (1830) 76 conflict with the West 226 Britain imprisonment death entrepreneurship 53 Confucianism 230, 231, 231, penalty 116 government support for 235, 244 labour 121 business 53 diaspora 243 rebellion 120 Estates General 9 economy 231 secondary punishment 120, Eureka Rebellion 95 effects of foreign influence 238–9 122–3 background 185–6 First Opium War 237 convict transportation 22–3, 102–3 Ballarat Reform League 186–7 first westerners 235 to America 115 battle at Eureka Stockade 187 First World War 249 to Australia 22, 117–20, 143 outcome 188 forced trade 235, 240–4 Cook, James (Captain) 117, 118, Europe foreign ideas 242 142, 169 empires in late eighteenth government 230 Coranderrk Reserve 161 century 6 Hundred Days’ Reform 239, 242 Cort, Henry 51 industrialisation 59–60 isolation 229 cottage industries 46, 52 evidence, identifying gaps 155–7 men’s occupations 233 cotton industry, and slave opium trade 235, 236–7, 240 trade 110–11 F political parties 248, 249 crime fallow (fields) 36 political turmoil 249 increase in 114–16, 130 famine 23, 40, 191, 230, 234, Qing dynasty 226, 230–1, 233, punishment for 116, 122–3 243 235, 237–9, 242, 243 crop rotation methods 38 farming reforms 247 cults 167 adoption of new techniques 37–8 resistance to foreign business approach to 39 influences 244–7 D Federation, of Australia 166, revolution 247 deadlocks 266, 273 210–15 Second Opium War 228, 239 Declaration of the Rights of Man and feint attack 277 Sino-Japanese War 237 the Citizen 9 feudal dues 9 sources 227–8 defence fears First Fleet 64, 118–19, 143 Taiping Rebellion 232, 238, 239, in Australian colonies 174 First Opium War 237 249 in early Commonwealth of food riots 75 timeline 226 Australia 220 France trade with Australia 225 defence forces, in Australian alliances in World War I 261–2 women’s role 232 colonies 174 ancien regime 8 Chinese Communist Party 249 democracy, development in industrialisation 59–60 Chinese diaspora 243 Australia 185–8 Jacobin Republic 11 Chinese immigration 130, 200 deportation 219 Reign of Terror 10–11 cholera 87 deposed king 10 second revolution 10 coalmining, and steam engines 44, 50 divine right 8 free selection Acts 189 coke 51 Duma (Russia) 289 French Revolution 4, 8–12, 18, 24 colonies 7, 18, 20, 62, 63, 115, dummies 189 117, 237, 267 G Combination Acts 14, 94 E Gallipoli campaign communism egalitarianism 128, 230 landing of Anzacs 272 in China 249, 257 emigration 123 Lone Pine 273–4 in Russia 25, 257, 291 during gold rushes 23, 124 the Nek 274 commuted sentences 115 push and pull factors 123–4 significance 271–2 concubines 232 to Australia 23, 123–7 Turkish counterattack 273 Confucianism 230, 231, 232, 235, to United States 23 withdrawal 274 244 empires Germany conscription and colonial defence forces 174 alliances in World War I 260–1, in Australia 268, 285, 286–8 and colonies 62 265 in World War I 260, 286 in late eighteen century 6 industrialisation 60

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BMIndex.indd Page 305 14/10/17 10:10 AM Gippsland massacre 154 inventions and patents 34 minority government 202 gold rushes iron production 50–1 modern world hostility to Chinese 129, links with our times 32–3, key changes 1–2 130, 139, 171–2 70–1 sources 3–5 impact of 129 Luddites 93 timeline 2 goldfields 171 population explosion 34, 40–1 153–4 goldsmiths, and banking 53 power sources 42–5 Goldstein, Vida 208–209, 284 shipping 62–3 N grazing 36, 77, 188 sources 34, 72–3 Napoleonic Wars 59 Great Exhibition (1851) 61 steam power 44–5 National Apology to Stolen guillotine 8, 29 textile manufacturing 46–9 Generation 137–8 gunboat diplomacy 244 timeline 33, 71 nationalism trade 62–3 and Anzac legend 293–5 H trade unions 14–15, 94–5 and Australian identity 203–5 Hindenburg line 278 transport 13, 54–8 and imperialism 17–19 historical analysis, causes and in United States 60 and literature 204–5 consequences 250–2 see also working conditions and racism 204 historical debates, infant mortality rate 40 and World War I 260, 262 understanding 26–8 intercontinental trade 106 Native Police Forces 160, 165 historical issues, investigating 64–6 inventions 34 navies, role in World War I 262, historical perspectives, iron production 50–1 266, 267, 269 recognising 96–8 New Spain 106 J historical sources 104–5 nightsoil 196 history essays, planning 131–4 junks 235, 237 no man’s land 273, 276 horse power 42–3 nobles 6, 29 K housing Norfolk Island 23, 122 overcrowding 85–6 Kelly, Ned 190–2 and sanitation 86, 87 kinship 144, 177 O Howard, John 137 kowtow 236 open-field farming 36–7, 77 hulks 116 L opium trade 235, 236–7, 240 I Lalor, Peter 187–8 outdoor relief 88 impartial observations 72 land, squatters vs free overcrowding 85–6 imperialism, and nationalism 17–19 selectors 188–90 Owen, Robert 25, 90, 95, 97 incontrovertible rights 162 larrikins 195, 222 see Aboriginal Lawson, Henry 204 P peoples; race relations in Lawson, Louisa 205, 208 pacifists 282 colonial Australia; Torres Strait Lenin, Vladimir 290–1 pandemics 292 Islanders Levée en masse 10 parishes 88 indoor relief 88 liberalism 24–5 parliamentary representation 186 industrial reforms lifestyles and leisure, in pastoral leases 166 Australia 218 Australia 218–19 patents 34, 38, 47, 53, 60 Britain 81, 90–2, 95 literature, and nationalism 204–5 paupers 88 Industrial Revolution ‘Little Lon’ 195 peacocking 189 agricultural revolution 13, 36–9 Luddites 93 Pemulwuy 146–7 and Australia 16 penal colonies 143 banking system 52 M 94 in Britain 13–15, 42–5, 47–9, Major Nunn’s massacre 153 Phillip, Arthur (Captain/ 50–1, 54–8 ‘Malefactors’ Bloody Register’ 114 Governor) 117–20 Chartists 4, 25, 95 manufacturing photographic sources child labour 79, 81, 83–5 in Australia 218 analysing 279–81 coalmining 44, 50 Industrial Revolution 14, 46, 197 using 228 crime and punishment 114–16 Marxism 25, 290 picket lines 14, 200 entrepreneurship and the middle Melbourne 194–6 picking oakum 88, 99 class 53–4 middle class, and pig iron 50–1 in Europe 59–60 entrepreneurship 53–4 Pinjarra Incident 163–4 housing 70 Mines Act 1842, 81 ploughing 38, 42

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BMIndex.indd Page 306 14/10/17 10:10 AM political parties reserves 161, 162, 166 origins 106–7 in Australia 201, 202, 218, 286, rights of Aborigines in South slave sales 21, 107–8 288 Australia 161–2 Triangular Trade 107, 115 in China 248, 249 schools and missionaries 158–9 Slavic peoples 262 and welfare and industrial sources 139–41 smallpox 41, 145 reforms 218 timeline 138 social divisions, in Australia 197 Polo, Marco 235, 253 in Torres Strait 167–9 social unrest poor laws 88–9, 91 in Van Diemen’s Land 149–51 Australia 15, 185–8, 200–2, 211, population growth violence on last frontiers 163–5 218, 281–2 Britain during 18th century 40–1 White Australia policy 130, Britain 25, 75–7, 93–5 Britain during 19th century 34, 172–4 socialism 25, 209 40 racism, and nationalism 204 sources due to gold rushes 23, 129 radicals 10, 203–4, 294 artworks 34–35, 73, 104, 140–1, impact of enclosure 74 railways 183 rural 34, 74 in Australia 16, 210 census figures 34, 72 urban 34, 74 expansion during Industrial contemporary writers and population movements 20–3, Revolution 13, 35, 58 commentators 34, 73 102–35 referenda gaps in evidence 5 Port Arthur 122 conscripton 286, 288 Port Phillip protectorate 161 Commonwealth of Australia 213 historical 104–5 poverty reformers 90–2, 218 inventions and patents 34 poor laws 88–9, 91 remuneration 166 mass media 3, 183 in rural areas 77 republicanism 205 official government statistics 72 Speenhamland system 77 republics 10 official 3, 183 workhouses 88–9 rickets 40 oral history 139 power sources roads 55–7 personal records 3, 183 horse power 42–3 Rotherham plough 38 photographs 228, 279–81 steam power 44–5 royal commissions 88 records of government water wheels 43 Rudd, Kevin 137 inquiries 73 windmills 43 rural population 34, 74 visual 3–4, 183–4 precincts 195 Russia written 139 proletariat 25 Bolsheviks seize power 291 soviets 289 propaganda 258, 279, 282 revolution 289–90 Speenhamland system 77 public health reform 91–2 second revolution 290–1 spinning wheels 46 ‘puddling’ 51 in World War I 289 spirit possession 245 squatters 151, 154, 162, 165, 166, Q S 188–90 Qing dynasty 226, 230–1, 233, 235, sanitation stalemate 275 and housing 87 237–9, 242, 243 steam power Queensland Aborigines Protection and public health 91–2 in coalmines 44 Act 1897, 169 sans-culottes 9, 10, 11 development 44–5 scurvy 40 and expansion of railways 57–8 R Second Fleet 119 James Watt’s steam engine 44–5 race relations in colonial Australia Second Opium War 228, 239 in shipping 63 anti-Chinese riots 172 seed drills 37 attempts to ‘civilise’ Indigenous selectors vs squatters 188–90 Thomas Newcomen’s engine 44 people 144, 158 serfs 6 Stephenson, George 57–8 Chinese on goldfields 130, 171 shillings 186, 268 stock breeding 38 following initial British shipping, developments 63–4 Stolen Generations, national apology occupation 143–4 Sinn Fein 286 to 137 frontier battles and Sino-Japanese War 237 strikes 14, 25, 94–5, 169, 200–2, massacres 152–4, 163–5 slave trade 20–1, 106–9 218, 222, 282, 289 Native Police Forces 160, 165 abolition in America 112–13 subordinates 232 Pacific Islanders in and cotton industry 110–11 subsistence farming 36 Queensland 173–4, 219 countries involved 109 suffrage 207, 208 Port Phillip protectorate 161 kidnap and trade of Africans 107 sweated labour 201 racial fears 173 opposition to 21, 112–13 Swing riots (1830) 76

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BMIndex.indd Page 307 14/10/17 10:10 AM T tucker 166 industrial workers 14 tailings 171 Tull, Jethro 37 in late nineteenth century Taiping Rebellion 232, 238–9, 243, turnpike trusts 57 Australia 197 247, 249–50, 252 turnpikes 57 reformers and reforms 90–1, 218 tariffs 210, 212, 218, 236 typhus 87 in textile factories 78–9 technological advances 2, 42–51, see also child labour 59–60, 197–8 U World War I telegraph 16, 198, 210–11, 245 U-boats 266 aftermath 292–5 terra nullius 143–4, 152 ultimatum 264 Allies 261, 265, 266, 269, 272 textile industry urban population 34, 74 Australian casualties 273, 277, child labour 79, 83 urbanisation, and 278, 279, 283 factory production 47–9 overcrowding 85–6, 102 Australian involvement 268–70 innovations 47–9 United States Battle of the Somme 277, 278 spinners and weavers 47 industrialisation 60 Bullecourt 278 traditional textile production 46 slavery 106–11 casualties 273, 277, 278, 279, working conditions in 283 factories 78–9 causes 260–4 V three-field rotation 36, 77 Central Powers 265 vices 172 95 Chinese involvement 249 virtues 172 Torres Strait Islanders in colonies 267 voting rights contact with Europeans 167–8 commemoration 292–5 of Aboriginal people 166–7 discrimination and conscription 268, 285, 286–8 for men 10, 25, 188 rebellion 169–70 countries involved 265, 266, 267 for women 207–9 track gauge 16, 211 Eastern Front 266, 289–91 French Revolution 10 trade end of 278 between Britain and Australia 62 Fromelles 277–8 between China and Australia 225 W Gallipoli campaign 266, 269, enforced on China 237, 240–2 war, glorification of 260 271–4, 293 and Industrial Revolution 13, 62 warp (textile weaving) 46 Hindenburg line 278 trade unions water wheels 43 links with our times 256–7 affiliated unions 199 weft (textile weaving) 46 memorials 293, 294 in Australia 15–16, 199–202 welfare reforms, in Australia 218 Middle East campaign 267, 269, development of 94–5, 199 White Australia 130, 172–4 277 and the Industrial windmills 43 naval power 246, 262, 266, 267, Revolution 14–16 152 269 tactics and policies 200–1 Wiradjuri massacre 152 Pozières 277–8 transport women repatriation 292–3 canals 55 exploitation 201 Schlieffen Plan 265–6 and Industrial Revolution 13, in parliament 208–9 sources 258–9 54–8 in traditional China 232 timeline 257 railways 13, 16, 35, 57–8, 211 voting rights 10, 207–9 trench warfare 275–6 roads 55–7 war effort in Australia 284–5 Western Front 265–6, 269, treadwheels 111 in workforce 207–8 275–6, 277–9 trench foot 276 workhouses 88–9 Ypres 278 trench warfare 275–6 working conditions trustees 57 in coalmines 80–1 Y tsars 6, 289–91 during Industrial Revolution 72 Yagan 147

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