INDEX A Australia Australian War Memorial 258–9 abdication 247, 289 blackbirding 173, 174 Austro-Hungarian Empire 6, 18, abolition of property city life 194–6 260–3 requirements 25, 186 colonial defence forces 174 abolition of slavery 21, 112–13 conscription 268, 285, 286–8 B Aboriginal peoples convicts 120–3 Balkans, nationalism 262–4 attempts to safeguard rights as and Aboriginal peoples 143, Ballarat Reform League 186–7 British subjects 162 144, 145, 149, 153, 156 banking system 52–4 early contact with outsiders 142 contemporary government 215 Batman, John 152 exploitation 151–2, 166 defence fears 174, 220 Batman’s ‘treaty’ 152 genocide in Van Diemen’s development 180–1 Battle of the Somme 277–8 Land 149–50 early years of bell pits 50 guerrilla war of resistance in Commonwealth 216–20 biased accounts 72, 96 Queensland 165 economic growth 218 Bills 167, 177 introduced diseases 145, 149 Eureka and political rights 95, Black Death 40 ‘Killing Times’ in the 185–8 blackbirding 173, 174 Kimberley 164 Federation 166, 210–15 blast furnaces 50 massacres by colonists 153, 163–4 free selectors vs squatters 188–90 blockades 266 National Apology to 137–8 gold rushes 16, 23, 128–9, bookkeeping 198, 222 Native Police Forces 160, 165 171–2, 189, 199 bourgeoisie 25 Pemulwuy 146 home front in World War I 281–5 Boxer Rebellion 232, 244–7 Port Phillip protectorate 161 immigration 23, 124, 130, 200, Britain protection policies 161, 166, 167 211, 219 agricultural revolution 36–9, 74 repatriation of human industrial reforms 218 Industrial Revolution 13–16, remains 147 involvement in World War I 258–9 42–5, 47–9, 50–1, 54–8 reserves 161, 162, 166 lifestyles and leisure, early population growth during 18th resistance to occupation 145, Commonwealth 218–19 century 40–1 146–7, 151, 163–4 National Apology to Stolen population growth during 19th response to initial British Generation 137 century 34, 40 occupation 143–4 nationalism and Australian reform and progress 90–2 schools and missionaries 158–9 identity 203–5 and slavery 20, 113, 161 treaty with John Batman 152 political parties 199–202, 218 trade 62–3 voting rights 166–7 social divisions 197 trade unions 94–5 Yagan 147 strikes of 1890s 201–2 absolute monarchs 9 timeline 138, 181 C affiliated unions 199 trade 62–3, 212 canals 55 agricultural revolution 13, 36–9 trade unions 14–15, 199–202 cannibalism 167 American Revolution 20, 21, 115 COPYRIGHTEDwelfare reforms 218 MATERIALcartoons 206–7 animal husbandry 34 White Australia 130, 172–4, censorship 282 annexation 174, 262 219–20 census figures 34, 40, 72 anti-Chinese riots 172 working conditions 197–8, 218 central business district (CBD) 195 Anzac Day 257, 293–5 see also Aboriginal peoples; race cesspools 87 Anzac legend 293–5 relations in colonial Australia; Chadwick, Edwin 91 Anzacs Torres Strait Islanders Chartist movement 4, 25, 95 formation 268 Australian Council of Trade Unions child labour Gallipoli 271–4 (ACTU) 200 chimney sweeps 84 involvement in World War I Australian identity in coalmines 81, 83 269–70 and Anzac legend 293–5 laws governing 89–91 artefacts(Torres Strait) 169 and nationalism 203–5 in textile factories 79, 83 artillery 277 Australian Labor Party (ALP) children artwork, as sources 38, 81, 140–1, formation 202 in China 234 183 welfare and industrial war effort in Australia 282 Ashley, Lord 91 reforms 218 in workhouses 88, 89 304 INDEX BMIndex.indd Page 304 14/10/17 10:10 AM China constitutions enclosure movement Arrow War 239 Australian 212 food riots (1795) 75 arts 231 China 247 impact of 74–7 attitudes to foreigners 235 French 9, 11 nature of 37 Boxer Rebellion 232, 244–7 meaning 9 Speenhamland system 77 children 234 convict life Swing riots (1830) 76 conflict with the West 226 Britain imprisonment death entrepreneurship 53 Confucianism 230, 231, 231, penalty 116 government support for 235, 244 labour 121 business 53 diaspora 243 rebellion 120 Estates General 9 economy 231 secondary punishment 120, Eureka Rebellion 95 effects of foreign influence 238–9 122–3 background 185–6 First Opium War 237 convict transportation 22–3, 102–3 Ballarat Reform League 186–7 first westerners 235 to America 115 battle at Eureka Stockade 187 First World War 249 to Australia 22, 117–20, 143 outcome 188 forced trade 235, 240–4 Cook, James (Captain) 117, 118, Europe foreign ideas 242 142, 169 empires in late eighteenth government 230 Coranderrk Reserve 161 century 6 Hundred Days’ Reform 239, 242 Cort, Henry 51 industrialisation 59–60 isolation 229 cottage industries 46, 52 evidence, identifying gaps 155–7 men’s occupations 233 cotton industry, and slave opium trade 235, 236–7, 240 trade 110–11 F political parties 248, 249 crime fallow (fields) 36 political turmoil 249 increase in 114–16, 130 famine 23, 40, 191, 230, 234, Qing dynasty 226, 230–1, 233, punishment for 116, 122–3 243 235, 237–9, 242, 243 crop rotation methods 38 farming reforms 247 cults 167 adoption of new techniques 37–8 resistance to foreign business approach to 39 influences 244–7 D Federation, of Australia 166, revolution 247 deadlocks 266, 273 210–15 Second Opium War 228, 239 Declaration of the Rights of Man and feint attack 277 Sino-Japanese War 237 the Citizen 9 feudal dues 9 sources 227–8 defence fears First Fleet 64, 118–19, 143 Taiping Rebellion 232, 238, 239, in Australian colonies 174 First Opium War 237 249 in early Commonwealth of food riots 75 timeline 226 Australia 220 France trade with Australia 225 defence forces, in Australian alliances in World War I 261–2 women’s role 232 colonies 174 ancien regime 8 Chinese Communist Party 249 democracy, development in industrialisation 59–60 Chinese diaspora 243 Australia 185–8 Jacobin Republic 11 Chinese immigration 130, 200 deportation 219 Reign of Terror 10–11 cholera 87 deposed king 10 second revolution 10 coalmining, and steam engines 44, 50 divine right 8 free selection Acts 189 coke 51 Duma (Russia) 289 French Revolution 4, 8–12, 18, 24 colonies 7, 18, 20, 62, 63, 115, dummies 189 117, 237, 267 G Combination Acts 14, 94 E Gallipoli campaign communism egalitarianism 128, 230 landing of Anzacs 272 in China 249, 257 emigration 123 Lone Pine 273–4 in Russia 25, 257, 291 during gold rushes 23, 124 the Nek 274 commuted sentences 115 push and pull factors 123–4 significance 271–2 concubines 232 to Australia 23, 123–7 Turkish counterattack 273 Confucianism 230, 231, 232, 235, to United States 23 withdrawal 274 244 empires Germany conscription and colonial defence forces 174 alliances in World War I 260–1, in Australia 268, 285, 286–8 and colonies 62 265 in World War I 260, 286 in late eighteen century 6 industrialisation 60 INDEX 305 BMIndex.indd Page 305 14/10/17 10:10 AM Gippsland massacre 154 inventions and patents 34 minority government 202 gold rushes iron production 50–1 modern world hostility to Chinese diggers 129, links with our times 32–3, key changes 1–2 130, 139, 171–2 70–1 sources 3–5 impact of 129 Luddites 93 timeline 2 goldfields 171 population explosion 34, 40–1 Myall Creek massacre 153–4 goldsmiths, and banking 53 power sources 42–5 Goldstein, Vida 208–209, 284 shipping 62–3 N grazing 36, 77, 188 sources 34, 72–3 Napoleonic Wars 59 Great Exhibition (1851) 61 steam power 44–5 National Apology to Stolen guillotine 8, 29 textile manufacturing 46–9 Generation 137–8 gunboat diplomacy 244 timeline 33, 71 nationalism trade 62–3 and Anzac legend 293–5 H trade unions 14–15, 94–5 and Australian identity 203–5 Hindenburg line 278 transport 13, 54–8 and imperialism 17–19 historical analysis, causes and in United States 60 and literature 204–5 consequences 250–2 see also working conditions and racism 204 historical debates, infant mortality rate 40 and World War I 260, 262 understanding 26–8 intercontinental trade 106 Native Police Forces 160, 165 historical issues, investigating 64–6 inventions 34 navies, role in World War I 262, historical perspectives, iron production 50–1 266, 267, 269 recognising 96–8 New Spain 106 J historical sources 104–5 nightsoil 196 history essays, planning 131–4 junks 235, 237 no man’s land 273, 276 horse power 42–3 nobles 6, 29 K housing Norfolk Island 23, 122 overcrowding 85–6 Kelly, Ned 190–2 and sanitation 86, 87 kinship 144, 177 O Howard, John 137 kowtow 236 open-field farming 36–7, 77 hulks 116 L opium trade 235, 236–7, 240 I Lalor, Peter 187–8 outdoor relief 88 impartial observations 72 land, squatters vs free overcrowding 85–6 imperialism, and nationalism 17–19 selectors 188–90 Owen, Robert 25, 90, 95, 97 incontrovertible rights 162 larrikins 195, 222 Indigenous Australians see Aboriginal Lawson, Henry 204 P peoples; race relations in Lawson, Louisa 205, 208 pacifists 282 colonial Australia; Torres Strait Lenin, Vladimir 290–1 pandemics 292 Islanders Levée en masse 10 parishes 88 indoor relief 88 liberalism 24–5 parliamentary representation 186 industrial reforms lifestyles and leisure, in pastoral leases 166 Australia 218 Australia 218–19 patents 34, 38, 47, 53, 60 Britain 81, 90–2, 95 literature, and nationalism 204–5 paupers 88 Industrial Revolution ‘Little Lon’ 195 peacocking 189 agricultural revolution 13, 36–9 Luddites 93 Pemulwuy 146–7 and Australia 16 penal colonies 143 banking system 52 M Peterloo Massacre 94 in Britain 13–15, 42–5, 47–9, Major Nunn’s massacre 153 Phillip, Arthur (Captain/ 50–1, 54–8 ‘Malefactors’ Bloody Register’ 114 Governor) 117–20 Chartists 4, 25, 95 manufacturing photographic sources child labour 79, 81, 83–5 in Australia 218 analysing 279–81 coalmining 44, 50 Industrial Revolution 14, 46, 197 using 228 crime and punishment 114–16 Marxism 25, 290