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The Interaction Between the Missionaries of the Cape
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MISSIONARIES OF THE CAPE EASTERN FRONTIER AND THE COLONIAL AUTHORITIES IN THE ERA OF SIR GEORGE GREY, 1854 - 1861. Constance Gail Weldon Pietermaritzburg, December 1984* Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Historical Studies, University of Natal, 1984. CONTENTS Page Abstract i List of Abbreviations vi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Sir George Grey and his ’civili zing mission’ 16 Chapter 3 The missionaries and Grey 1854-6 55 Chapter 4 The Cattle Killing 1856/7 99 Chanter 5 The Aftermath of the Cattle Killing (till 1860s) 137 Chapter 6 Conclusion 174 Appendix A Principal mission stations on the frontier 227 Appendix B Wesleyan Methodist and Church of Scotland Missionaries 228 Appendix C List of magistrates and chiefs 229 Appendix D Biographical Notes 230 Select Bibliography 233 List of photographs and maps Between pages 1. Sir George Grey - Governor 15/16 2. Map showing Cape eastern frontier and principal military posts 32/33 3. Map showing the principal frontier mission stations 54/55 4. Photographs showing Lovedale trade departments 78/79 5. Map showing British Kaffraria and principal chiefs 98/99 6. Sir George Grey - 'Romantic Imperialist' 143/144 7. Sir George Grey - civilian 225/226 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge with thanks the financial assistance rendered by the Human Sciences Research Council towards the costs of this research. Opinions expressed or conclusions arrived at are those of the author and are not to be regarded as those of the Human Sciences Research Council. -
Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 168 SO 028 325 AUTHOR Warnsley, Johnnye R. TITLE Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future. A Curriculum Unit. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (South Africa). INSTITUTION Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 77p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Studies; *Apartheid; Black Studies; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Peace; *Racial Discrimination; *Racial Segregation; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS African National Congress; Mandela (Nelson); *South Africa ABSTRACT This curriculum unit is designed for students to achieve a better understanding of the South African society and the numerous changes that have recently, occurred. The four-week unit can be modified to fit existing classroom needs. The nine lessons include: (1) "A Profile of South Africa"; (2) "South African Society"; (3) "Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial Speech"; (4) "African National Congress Struggle for Justice"; (5) "Laws of South Africa"; (6) "The Pass Laws: How They Impacted the Lives of Black South Africans"; (7) "Homelands: A Key Feature of Apartheid"; (8) "Research Project: The Liberation Movement"; and (9)"A Time Line." Students readings, handouts, discussion questions, maps, and bibliography are included. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 00 I- 4.1"Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future" A Curriculum Unit HERE SHALL watr- ALL 5 HALLENTOEQUALARTiii. 41"It AFiacAPLAYiB(D - Wad Lli -WIr_l clal4 I.4.4i-i PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (4.)L.ct.0-Aou-S TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Johnnye R. -
Documentary Photographs (In Order of Appearance)
Documentary Photographs (in order of appearance) Teacher and students in one room during Apartheid education. Digital image. Strife. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://strifeblog.org/2014/03/04/diary-of-a-teacher- reflections-of-a-south-african-mp-on-education-during-apartheid/ Westfield Primary School girls’ volleyball team. Digital image. Westfield Primary School. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.westfieldsprimary.co.za/ourschool.html Mine in South Africa. Digital image. History Revived. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://historyrevived.blogspot.com/2014/01/voting-rights-and-imperialism-in- boer.html South African workers. Digital image. Learning for Peace. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://learningforpeace.unicef.org/resources/joint-message-from-unesco-undp- unicef-ilo-and-education-international-on-the-occasion-of-world-teachers-day-5- october-2011/ Traditional Xhosa people. Digital image. Gallery Ezakwantu. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20Xhosa%20Van%20Vasco%20da%20Gam a%20van%20Blommenstein%201904%201905%20at%20Mbiza%20Transkei.jpg San cave painting. Digital image. Bradshaw Foundation. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/rari/page6.php Teacher and students during Bantu Education. Digital image. Afristock. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://www.afristock.com/galleries/1985Oneclassroomschool.jpg Kollwitz, Kathe. “Never Again War.” Digital image. Minooka Tap. 1924. Accessed October 10, 2015. https://minookatap.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/bantu-ed- act.jpg Students protest unequal education. Digital image. Ground Up. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://groundup.org.za/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/field/image/E EMarch31Oct-0.jpg?itok=8B6YNt3i South African Department of Education logo. Digital image. Department of Education in South Africa. -
The Third War of Dispossession and Resistance in the Cape of Good Hope Colony, 1799–1803
54 “THE WAR TOOK ITS ORIGINS IN A MISTAKE”: THE THIRD WAR OF DISPOSSESSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE COLONY, 1799–1803 Denver Webb, University of Fort Hare1 Abstract The early colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland, such as the 1799–1803 war, have not received as much attention from military historians as the later wars. This is unexpected since this lengthy conflict was the first time the British army fought indigenous people in southern Africa. This article revisits the 1799–1803 war, examines the surprisingly fluid and convoluted alignments of participants on either side, and analyses how the British became embroiled in a conflict for which they were unprepared and for which they had little appetite. It explores the micro narrative of why the British shifted from military action against rebellious Boers to fighting the Khoikhoi and Xhosa. It argues that in 1799, the British stumbled into war through a miscalculation – a mistake which was to have far-reaching consequences on the Cape’s eastern frontier and in western Xhosaland for over a century. Introduction The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland (emaXhoseni) have received considerable attention from historians. For reasons mostly relating to the availability of source material, the later wars are better known than the earlier ones. Thus the War of Hintsa (1834–35), the War of the Axe (1846–47), the War of Mlanjeni (1850–53) and the War of Ngcayecibi (1877–78) have received far more coverage by contemporaries and subsequently by historians than the eighteenth-century conflicts.2 The first detailed examination of Scientia Militaria, South African the 1799–1803 conflict, commonly known as Journal of Military Studies, Vol the Third Frontier War or third Cape–Xhosa 42, Nr 2, 2014, pp. -
Heritage Impact Assessment of Ndlambe and Makana Borrow Pits, Greater Cacadu Region, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NDLAMBE AND MAKANA BORROW PITS, GREATER CACADU REGION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Assessment and report by For Terreco Consulting Telephone Duncan Scott (043) 721 1502 Box 20057 Ashburton 3213 PIETERMARITZBURG South Africa Telephone 033 326 1136 Facsimile 086 672 8557 082 655 9077 / 072 725 1763 26 September 2008 [email protected] HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NDLAMBE AND MAKANA BORROW PITS, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Management summary eThembeni Cultural Heritage was appointed by Terreco Consulting to undertake a heritage impact assessment of proposed borrow pit extensions and rehabilitation in the Greater Cacadu Region, in terms of the Heritage Resources Act No 25 of 1999. Two eThembeni staff members inspected the borrow pits on 8 and 9 September 2008 and completed controlled-exclusive surface surveys of each. We identified no heritage resources within any of the proposed development areas. The landscape within which the borrow pits are located is one of extensive agriculture and conservation, dominated overwhelmingly by game and hunting farms. Scattered villages, towns and farmsteads are present and infrastructure is generally basic and limited to services that provide for local needs. All the borrow pits will be rehabilitated according to the standards of the Department of Minerals and Energy, to ensure that visual impacts on the landscape are minimized in the long term. We recommend that the development proceed with no further heritage mitigation and have submitted this report to the South African Heritage Resources Agency in fulfilment of the requirements of the Heritage Resources Act 1999. The relevant SAHRA personnel are Dr Antonieta Jerardino (telephone 021 462 4502) and Mr Thanduxolo Lungile (telephone 043 722 1740/2/6). -
South Africa in the Global Imaginary: an Introduction
South Africa in the Global Imaginary: An Introduction Leon de Kock English, South Africa 1. The Elements in Play What I want to write about is the penetration, expansion, skir- mishing, coupling, mixing, separation, regrouping of peoples and cultures—the glorious bastardisation of men and women mutually shaped by sky and rain and wind and soil....Andeverywhereis exile; we tend to forget that now. The old ground disappears, ex- propriated by blood as new conflicting patterns emerge. Breyten Breytenbach, Dog Heart, Introductions to South African literary culture conceived as an entity have a peculiar trademark: They apologize for attempting to do the impossible 1 and then go ahead anyway. This gesture, ranging from rhetorical genu- flection to anxious self-examination to searing critique of others who have dared to undertake what should not be attempted lightly, reveals a signifi- cant fault line in the field of South African literary studies, although field is a problematic metaphor here, like almost every other metaphor one cares to use. Literary ‘‘fields’’—entities, groupings—require some reason other than the mere convenience of geography for their existence: they need mini- mal convergence in the domains of origin, language, culture, history, and nationalism (contested or not) to become, in some sense, cohesive and inter- referential. But in the South African case each of these domains fragments . See, for example, Gray (: ); Van Wyk Smith (: i–iii); Chapman (: xx); Wade (: –); and Jolly and Attridge (: ). Poetics Today : (Summer ). Copyright © by the Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Downloaded from http://read.dukeupress.edu/poetics-today/article-pdf/22/2/263/458140/22.2de_kock01.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 264 Poetics Today 22:2 into heterogeneity the moment one looks more closely at the literary ob- jects at hand. -
The Pronunciation of English in South Africa by L.W
The Pronunciation of English in South Africa by L.W. Lanham, Professor Emeritus, Rhodes University, 1996 Introduction There is no one, typical South African English accent as there is one overall Australian English accent. The variety of accents within the society is in part a consequence of the varied regional origins of groups of native English speakers who came to Africa at different times, and in part a consequence of the variety of mother tongues of the different ethnic groups who today use English so extensively that they must be included in the English-using community. The first truly African, native English accent in South Africa evolved in the speech of the children of the 1820 Settlers who came to the Eastern Cape with parents who spoke many English dialects. The pronunciation features which survive are mainly those from south-east England with distinct Cockney associations. The variables (distinctive features of pronunciation) listed under A below may be attributed to this origin. Under B are listed variables of probable Dutch origin reflecting close association and intermarriage with Dutch inhabitants of the Cape. There was much contact with Xhosa people in that area, but the effect of this was almost entirely confined to the vocabulary. (The English which evolved in the Eastern and Central Cape we refer to as Cape English.) The next large settlement from Britain took place in Natal between 1848 and 1862 giving rise to pronunciation variables pointing more to the Midlands and north of England (List C). The Natal settlers had a strong desire to remain English in every aspect of identity, social life, and behaviour. -
Ethembeni Cultural Heritage
Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment Report: Proposed 132kV Power Line and Substation Infrastructure, Dieprivier-Kareedouw, Kou-Kamma Local Municipality, Cacadu District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Prepared for GIBB Engineering & Science 2nd Floor, Greyville House, Cnr Greyville & Cape Roads, Greenacres, Port Elizabeth 6001 Box 63703, Greenacres 6057 Telephone Walter Fyvie 041 392 7510 Fax 086 608 2522 [email protected] Prepared by ETHEMBENI CULTURAL HERITAGE Elizabeth Wahl and Len van Schalkwyk Box 20057 Ashburton 3213 Pietermaritzburg Telephone 033 326 1136 / 082 655 9077 / 082 529 3656 Facsimile 086 672 8557 [email protected] 8 May 2013 Phase 1 AIA of Dieprivier-Kareedouw 132kV Power Line and Substation, Cacadu District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa MANAGEMENT SUMMARY eThembeni Cultural Heritage was appointed by GIBB Engineering & Science to undertake a Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment of a proposed transmission power line and substation site in the Eastern Cape Province, in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 as amended, in compliance with Section 38 of the National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999, as amended. LOCATION AND ENVIRONMENT Much of the proposed power line is located along or close to the Langkloof and R62 Scenic Routes, roughly parallel to and south of the Suuranysberge and the Krom River. It starts at the proposed Dieprivier Substation west of Humansdorp, passes north of the Churchill Dam and the town of Kareedouw, with the eponymous mountains to the south, before terminating at the existing Kareedouw Substation. Historical agriculture related land-uses have resulted in degradation of portions of the route, most notably as a result of crop and pasture cultivation in flat lower lying areas, and to some extent from regular burning of grazing areas on mountain and hill slopes. -
In Search of the Understanding of the Old Testament in Africa: the Case of the Lemba
IN SEARCH OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE LEMBA by MAGDEL LE ROUX submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF E H SCHEFFLER NOVEMBER 1999 Contemporary (1964) Ethiopian painting on cloth depicting how the Queen ofSheba journeyed to King Solomon by boat accompanied by her retinue (Photo: Kessler 1982) - 'WE CAME BY BOAT TO AFRICA .. .' CA LEMBA TRADITION) 'Solomon sent his ships to get gold from Ophir ... Some ofthe Jews who went on those boats stayed in Africa. That is the origin ofthe Lemba' (cfpp 155,156) CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SUMMARY MAPS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ~ 1.1 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT . 1 1.2 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................ 3 I~ 1.2.1 Qualitative research methods . 3 1.2.l.l The phenomenological perspective . 4 1.2.1.2 Participant observation . 5 1.2.1.3 Jn-depth interviewing . 6 1.2.1.4 The interview guide . 6 1.2.2 Processing and interpretation . 7 1.2.3 Conclusion ~··~ . 8 1.3 THE PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS .................... 8 1.3.1 The purpose of the thesis . 8 1.3.2 Limitations and delimitations of this project: the structure of the thesis . 11 CHAPTER TWO VARIOUS RECEPTIONS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN AFRICA: SOME OBSERVATIONS 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 14 2.2 OSTENSIBLE REASONS FOR 'RELIGIOUS SHIFTS' WORLD-WIDE . 17 2.3 'JUDAISING' MOVEMENTS IN AFRICA . 19 2.3.1 Groups upon whom the idea of Jewishness was imposed ................ -
History of Matiwane and the Amangwane Tribe
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF NATIVE AFFAIRS ETHNOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS Vol. VII HISTORY OF MATIWANE AND THE AMANGWANE TRIBE 1 as told by Mse6enzi to his kinsman Albert Hlongwane Edited and supplemented by Archive Documents and other material BY , ! . ■ N. J. VAN WARMELO GOVERNMENT ETHNOLOGIST O IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PRETORIA 1938 O.P.-S.7007—1938-sOU. ' ■\* . PLATE 1 frontispiece Mse Cenzi uwjo kaMacingwane kaMatmane UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF NATIVE AFFAIRS ETHNOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS Vol. VII HISTORY OF MATIWANE AND THE AMANGWANE TRIBE as told by Mse6enzi to his kinsman Albert Hlongwane Edited and supplemented by Archive Documents and other material BY N. j. VAN WARMELO GOVERNMENT ETHNOLOGIST 7/6 PRINTED IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PRETORIA 1938 G.P.-S.7007—1938—800 Obtainable from the Government Printer, Pretoria. Vol. I of this series : Transvaal Ndebele Texts, 1930. Vol. II. : Kinship Terminology of the South African Bantu, 1931. Vol. III. : Contributions towards Venda History, Religion and Tribal Ritual, 1932. Vol. IV. : Marriage Customs in Southern Natal, by Dr. M. Kohler, 1933. Vol. V. : A Preliminary Survey of the Bantu Tribes of South Africa, 1935. Vol. VI. : Tshivenda-English Dictionary, 1937. ;V-B'BUOTEEK Ji'N ** UHIVERSITEIT V " METORIA. Klasnommer.?^ MseLBEry-zi i Registernommer- JLQk, 0 CONTENTS Page. Chapter 1. The amaNgwane and how this history came to be written .. .. 5 2. Text: Earliest history to izi Bongo of Masumpa 10 3. ,, History of Matiwane up to his flight from Natal 16 4. ,, Matiwane in Basutoland 24 5. -
Land Reform in the Xhalanga District, Eastern Cape
Land reform in the Xhalanga district, Eastern Cape (A case study appended to the report on land redistribution) A research report commissioned by the High Level Panel of Parliament Prof Lungisile Ntsebeza and Dr Fani Ncapayi 9/1/2016 Introduction We begin our report by laying the historical and contextual background of land reform in the Xhalanga district. The period covered starts with the establishment of the Xhalanga district and its people in the nineteenth century up to the demise of apartheid and the introduction of a constitutional democracy in South Africa in 1994. The key focus throughout is land tenure. The second section deals with the post-1994 period and the manner in which land reform was introduced and the extent to which it has been implemented in Xhalanga. About Xhalanga and its people up to the beginning of the Gun War in 1880 Xhalanga was one of two districts that formed what became known as Emigrant Thembuland in the Transkei part of the then Cape colony. The other district was 1 Southeyville. The term “Emigrant Thembuland’ was used to describe the area of land that as allocated to four chiefs who left Glen Grey in 1865 (see map). Figure 1 Map of the Glen Grey area The people who moved from Glen Grey in 1865 were descendants of abaThembu who moved northwards in the 1830s as a result of the Tshaka-led Mfecanei in the 1820s and subsequent wars with amaBhaca and amaMpondo.ii Prior to this, abaThembu had occupied the piece of land between the Bashee and Umzimvubu Rivers.iii The Cape colonial government eventually settled abaThembu who moved northwards in the Glen Grey and Indwe districts. -
The Current Status of Land Rights in the Transkeian Territories of South Africa
The Current Status of Land Rights in the Transkeian Territories of South Africa Chris WILLIAMS-WYNN, South Africa Key words: Communal land, tenure security, de facto land rights, land administration. SUMMARY There is very little formal documented record of land occupation or land rights in the communal areas of the Republic of South Africa. As a result, members of traditional communities who live in the communal areas create their own informal, yet recognisable, exclusivity and right of use through the erection of fences and hedges around their homesteads. Previous research undertaken by this author concluded that the majority of members of traditional communities in South Africa want documented proof that links them (as individuals) to the land that they were born to share. Some attempts were made historically to give rights to land in areas that were part of what was then known as the Transkeian Territories. General plans of quitrent erven were surveyed by government surveyors and approved by the Surveyor-General and formal quitrent title deeds were registered in the Deeds Registry Offices. However, as the years progressed, government officials resettled many of the holders of quitrent titles into villages. Others moved off their land to find employment. “Permissions to occupy” were issued to new occupants by a resident magistrate and traditional authorities allocated sites to their subjects. Without any consideration of these documented land rights, the state forcibly removed people from outside the communal area and relocated them on the communal land. The state also constructed schools, hospitals, dams, nature reserves and roads, often without consideration of the documented records of the indigenous people.