Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency

Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Open-File Report 2010–1315

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

By Phillip J. Zarriello and Gardner C. Bent

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency

Open-File Report 2010–1315

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011

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Suggested citation: Zarriello, P.J., and Bent, G.C., 2011, Elevation of the March–April 2010 flood high water in selected river reaches in central and eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1315, 36 p. iii

Contents

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Purpose and Scope...... 1 Study Area...... 2 Rainfall and Antecedent Conditions...... 2 Streamflows...... 2 Methods ...... 8 Setting High-Water Marks...... 8 Elevation of High-Water Marks...... 11 Summary of High-Water Marks Identified...... 11 Potential Use of High-Water Data ...... 15 Summary...... 16 Acknowledgments...... 16 References Cited...... 16 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation...... 20

Figures

1. Map showing river basins where high-water elevations were determined following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 3 2. Map showing total rainfall during February and March 2010 in southeastern New England...... 4 3. Daily rainfall (A) hyetographs and (B) cumulative totals during February and March 2010 at four National Weather Service (NWS) stations in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 5 4. Hydrographs showing period-of-record daily mean flow percentiles and 2010 daily mean flow at (A) Charles River at Dover (01103500) and (B) Taunton River near Bridgewater (01108000), Massachusetts...... 9 5. Photographs showing examples of high-water mark debris lines on trees and structures found following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 10 6. Map showing fixed-based station Global Positioning System receiver network and National Geodetic Survey bench-mark control points used in the determination of the elevation of the March–April 2010 flood high water in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 12 7. Map showing areas of availability of LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data and projected 2011 LIDAR data in Massachusetts and adjacent states...... 15 iv

Tables

1. Summary of March–April 2010 flood peak stage and flow data at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 6 2. Summary of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements made to National Geodetic Survey (NGS) bench marks...... 13 3. Summary of high-water marks (HWMs) established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (MADCR) following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts...... 14

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

By Phillip J. Zarriello and Gardner C. Bent

Abstract Introduction

A series of widespread, large, low-pressure systems in Flood flows and water levels set, or nearly set, record southern New England in late February through late March highs in mid- and late March into early April 2010 following 2010 resulted in record, or near record, rainfall and runoff. repeated storms. In the wake of the severe flooding, a state The total rainfall in the region during this period ranged of emergency was declared in many communities in central from about 17 to 25 inches, which coupled with seasonal low and eastern Massachusetts, and a Presidential Disaster was evaporation, resulted in record or near record peak flows at declared on March 29, 2010. The President’s action affected 13 of 37 streamgages in central and eastern Massachusetts. the emergency recovery operations in Bristol, Essex, Middle- The highest record peaks generally occurred in southeast- sex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk, and Worcester Counties. ern Massachusetts in late March–early April; at most other Federal assistance for storm-related damages from this disaster streamgages, the peak was in mid-March. totaled more than $100 million on August 17, 2010 (FEMA, Determination of the flood-peak high-water elevation 2010). As part of the recovery operations, the U.S. Department is a critical part of the recovery operations and post-flood of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management analysis for improving future flood-hazard maps and flood- Agency (FEMA) required analysis of the flood to assess dam- management practices. High-water marks (HWMs) were ages and to prepare for and minimize future flood damages. identified by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April Determination of the peak high-water elevation is a criti- 13 through May 10, 2010, and by a consultant for Massachu- cal part of the recovery operations and post-flood analysis. setts Department of Conservation and Recreation (MADCR) This information also is extremely valuable when defining after peak flows in mid-March and again in late March–early and understanding flood risks for flood management. FEMA April. HWMs were identified at 25 river reaches in 7 desig- entered into an agreement with the USGS on April 29, 2010, nated Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Envi- to identify high-water marks (HWMs) in selected river reaches ronmental Affairs (EEA) basins by the USGS and at 8 river in Massachusetts in the counties affected by the disaster decla- reaches in 2 designated EEA basins by MADCR. The USGS ration. A subsequent agreement between FEMA and the USGS identified 293 HWMs at 152 sites. A site may have more was signed in June 2010 to survey and document the HWMs than one HWM, typically upstream and downstream from a identified from the March–April 2010 floods to support future bridge. The MADCR identified 133 HWMs; of these, 98 are analysis for flood-mitigation efforts. at unique locations, and 29 of the 133 HWMs were visited once following the mid-March peak and again following the late March peak. The HWMs identified by the USGS and Purpose and Scope MADCR covered about 300 river miles, determined from the upstream and downstream HWMs (about 230 and 70 river The purpose of this report is to document the elevation miles, respectively). Elevation of HWMs was later determined of peak high water following the March–April 2010 floods in to a standard vertical datum (NAVD 88) using the Global central and eastern Massachusetts. The report describes the Navigation Satellite System and survey grade Global Posi- conditions prior to the flood, recorded gage heights and flows tioning System (GPS) receivers along with standard optical at USGS streamgages, methods used to identify high-water surveying equipment. marks, and the surveying methods used to obtain a vertical 2 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts datum of the high-water mark. The report summarizes the some stations. As flood waters began to recede, rainfall on HWM data for selected river reaches and presents data in March 22–23 amounted to an additional 2 to 5 inches, which tables and figures. maintained wet conditions and elevated streamflows in the region. Wet conditions continued through late March with another large pulse of rain on the 29th and 30th. The new Study Area rains resulted in peak stream stages and flows that exceeded High-water elevations of the March–April 2010 floods the mid-March stages and flows at 11 streamgages depending were documented mostly for rivers in the eastern part of Mas- on the rainfall intensity and totals. Overall, the total rainfall at sachusetts where flooding was the most severe (fig. 1); eleva- four NWS stations (fig. 3) ranged from about 17 to 22 inches tions are also documented for several basins in the central part since late February through March, which is unprecedented in of the State. The following Massachusetts Executive Office the past 100-year weather history, especially during the cool of Environmental and Energy Affairs (EEA) planning basins season when moisture losses to evaporation are low. The total were included in this study: Taunton, Ten Mile, South Coastal, rainfall during February and March 2010 over eastern Mas- Boston Harbor, Charles, SuAsCo (Sudbury, Assabet, and sachusetts and surrounding states (fig. 2) indicates the highest Concord River Basins), Nashua, Millers, North Coastal, and amounts occurred from Narragansett Bay northward along Ipswich Basins. the southern New England coast. The area of high rainfall in northeastern Massachusetts and northward was about equal to the total rainfall in southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Rainfall and Antecedent Conditions Island, but northeastern Massachusetts had less severe flood- ing than southeastern Massachusetts. Less severe flooding in A series of widespread, large, low-pressure systems northeastern Massachusetts resulted because a greater portion passed through the New England region in late February and of the total rainfall in this region was in late February when in mid- through late March 2010 resulted in record, or near water storage was more available. record, amounts of rainfall. During March, the total rainfall at Logan International Airport in Boston was the second highest recorded (14.83 in.) since 1872; the highest total rainfall of Streamflows record (18.81 in.) recorded at Blue Hill Observatory southeast of Boston since in 1885 (National Weather Service stations Peak stages and flows recorded at USGS streamgages in 190770 and 190736, respectively; fig. 2). The highest monthly central and eastern Massachusetts (table 1) indicate the magni- total rainfall recorded in Boston (17.09 in.) was in August tude of the March–April 2010 flood relative to the magnitude 1955 that resulted from tropical hurricanes Connie and Dianne of past floods over the period of the streamgage record. The (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1955). 2010 stage and flow data are provisional until the entire seg- During a period when evaporation losses are normally ment of streamflow record is analyzed and approved. Waiting low, these low-pressure systems maintained wet soil moisture for the approval of streamflow data would cause undue delays conditions and filled available surface storages that resulted in for this report. Approval of the data was not considered neces- record, or near record, floods in southern New England. The sary for the primary objective of documenting the elevation of Northeast Regional Climate Center (2010) March Climate the flood high water. However, the data on peak stage and flow Summary report described the following conditions: “The were reviewed and are considered to be in good condition for mid-March storm hit the region from March 13–15, drop- use in this report. ping as much as 9 inches of rain in eastern Massachusetts. As Of the 37 streamgages listed in table 1, new peak stage floodwaters began to recede an additional 2 to 5 inches of rain and flow records were set at 13 streamgages following the fell on March 22nd and 23rd, followed by 5 to 9 inches of rain March–April 2010 floods. The average increase in peak flows on the 29th and 30th.” from the previous peak of record at the 13 streamgages was Rainfall hyetographs and cumulative rainfall (fig. 3A about 10 percent; the maximum increase in peak flow was at and 3B) for four selected National Weather Service (NWS) Quniapoxet River at Canada Mills near Holden (01095375), daily record stations (190840, 193890, 194760, and 195524; which was 31 percent greater than the previous peak recorded fig. 2) exemplify the pattern of excessive moisture in eastern in March 1998. Peak flows at three streamgages were within Massachusetts. Prior to the March high water, a late February about 10 percent of the previous record peak. Peak flows at storm dropped nearly 5 inches of rain over the region, satu- 24 streamgages during March–April 2010 did not exceed rating soils, filling available storage, and elevating stream- the previous peaks of record; the average March–April peak flows. Thus, conditions were primed for the first large runoff flows at these streamgages were about 28 percent less than response following the 4 to 9 inches of rain that fell between the previous peaks of record. In general, the previous peaks March 13th and 15th. From late February through mid-March of record were greater than the March–April 2010 peaks for total precipitation ranged from about 9 to 15 inches in the streamgages in the western and central parts of the study area study area, resulting in the maximum peak stages and flows to the west, particularly for streamgages that included floods at streamgages in the region that set new record peaks at of 1936, 1938, and 1955. Introduction 3 0 5 10 MILES 0 5 10 KILOMETERS . EXPLANATION U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (MADCR) USGS streamgage and number Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environment Affairs basin and name COD CAPE SOUTH COASTAL High-water mark established by: 01098530 01105870 NORTH COASTAL ! ( ! ( ! ( Atlantic Ocean ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01105730 BAY ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01102000 ! ( ! ( BOSTON ! ( HARBOR ! ( ! ( ! ( 01108000 BUZZARDS ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( PARKER ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01101000 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01105600 ! ( ! ( ! ( 01101500 71° ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( TAUNTON ! ( 011055566 ! ( ! ( ! ( IPSWICH ! ( 01109060 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01109070 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01102500 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01105000 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01104000 01105500 ! ( 01109000 CHARLES 01104500 ! ( 01100600 SHAWSHEEN ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01103500 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01100000 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( BAY TEN MILE ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01099500 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01097300 01103280 NARRAGANSETT ! ( 42° ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01104403 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01097000 ! ( MERRIMACK 01098530 71°30' ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( SuAsCo ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01096500 ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( 01096000 01095220 01100000 BLACKSTONE 01094500 NASHUA 01095375 01094400 FRENCH 72° MASSACHUSETTS ! ( ! ( ! ( Area enlaged Area ! ( ! ( ! ( 01162000 ! ( ! ( ! ( 01175670 01163200 CHICOPEE MILLERS R iver basins where high-water elevations were determined following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachus etts QUINEBAUG 01162500

Base from Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs digital data; 1:25,000,2007 1:100,000, 1998; SUBBASINS_POLY, HYDRO25K_ARC , 1,25,000, 2005; MAJPOND_POLY, Polyconic projection. North American Datum of 1983 Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone 1998; 42°30' Figure 1. 4 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

72°30' 72° !( 71°30' !( 71° 70°30' 275629 273055 !( 276070 !( 279278 !( New Hampshire 272302 195285 !( 275712 !( Vermont !( !( 193505 274234 !( 273658 !( 193276 !( !( 190192 194105 !( !( 194313 190190 !( 194744 !( 42°30' 196783 Massachusetts 194580 !(

!( 190770 193890 !( 190562 199923 !( 198793 !( 195175 !( !( 190736 !( !( 193624 194760 !( !( 198757 195524 !( 192997 197627 !( !(192913 !( 190860 !( 194502 42° !( !( !( !( 195984 !( 63456 67958 379423 196486 !( !( 190840

!( 194711 !( 375270 68138 !( 63420 !( !( 192451 196938 !( 376698 !( !( Rhode 192372 193821 Connecticut !( Island !( 377581

65910 !( 41°30' 374266 !(

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATION Precipitation, in inches ! National Weather Service Station High: 25.4 376698 and identification number (COOPID)

Total rainfall map created by linear radial interpolation with constant trending of point data from National Weather Service stations. Note some of the stations used are Low: 8.7 outside the map extent.

Figure 2. Total rainfall during February and March 2010 in southeastern New England. Introduction 5

A. Daily Rainfall 4.5

4.0 Milford (194760) 3.5 Bridgewater (190840) 3.0 Jamacia Plain (193890) Northbridge (195524) 2.5 2.0

S 1.5 E H

C 1.0 N I 0.5 N I

, 0 N O I

T B. Cumulative Daily Rainfall A 25 T I P I C

E 20 R P 15

10

5

0 2/1 2/8 2/15 2/22 3/1 3/8 3/15 3/22 3/29 2010

Figure 3. Daily rainfall (A) hyetographs and (B) cumulative totals during February and March 2010 at four National Weather Service (NWS) stations in central and eastern Massachusetts. Number in parenthesis is the NWS station shown in figure 2. 6 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts /s)

402 575 813 340 3

a 1,490 4,890 1,210 1,860 3,240 9,060 2,500 2,000 5,580 1,390 1,070 2,760 1,200 1,130 1,050 3,010 (ft 56,000 Discharge

6.15 8.57 7.56 7.08 7.42 9.59 9.42 6.28 7.65 8.52 6.30 5.63 6.54 5.46 (ft) 11.96 11.00 13.47 13.77 12.90 53.58 15.56 Gage height Secondary peak March–April 2010 Date 03/30 03/31 03/31 03/30 03/31 04/01 03/31 03/31 03/15 04/02 03/16 03/31 03/31 03/31 04/01 03/31 03/31 03/15 03/15 03/31 03/30 679 883 590 /s)

3 4250 1490 1790 3,930 1,850 1,670 4,820 2,420 5,410 1,850 1,330 4,600 1,420 1,590 2,720 (ft 10,300 20,900 173,000 Discharge

8.59 9.10 8.50 8.94 5.57 9.60 7.82 8.46 7.39 8.18 5.92 (ft) 14.57 13.76 19.10 13.47 68.40 10.49 10.53 16.90 14.65 36.93 Gage height Recorded peak prior to March–April 2010 flood Date 11/05/1955 04/16/2007 09/21/1938 04/16/2007 03/10/1998 04/16/2007 03/20/1936 08/20/1955 01/26/1979 06/07/1982 01/28/1979 03/20/1936 10/22/1996 10/22/1996 05/15/2006 05/26/2006 05/14/2006 03/22/2001 08/19/1955 06/18/1998 05/31/1984 a /s) 498 750 899 399 3 3,260 5,730 1,590 2,190 3,990 2,530 2,590 5,660 1,900 1,320 3,950 1,450 1,180 1,200 3,310 (ft 11,100 63,400 Discharge

c (ft) 7.99 9.01 8.03 7.11 7.88 9.74 7.24 8.43 9.96 6.49 6.00 6.91 5.70 Gage 11.16 12.66 14.06 15.75 13.99 54.64 10.59 16.49 height March–April 2010 peak indicate new peak of record] Date 03/15 03/15 03/14 03/14 03/15 03/16 03/16 03/15 03/31 03/17 04/01 03/15 03/16 03/15 03/17 03/15 03/15 03/30 03/30 03/16 03/15 bold SUASCO BASIN PARKER RIVER BASIN PARKER NASHUA RIVER BASIN IPSWICH RIVER BASIN NORTH COASTAL BASIN NORTH COASTAL BOSTON HARBOR BASIN 1973 1937 1995 1997 1950 1936 1942 1964 1980 1938 1924 1964 1946 1938 1931 1994 1940 1940 1953 1997 1967 MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN SHAWSHEEN RIVER BASIN SHAWSHEEN record Start of

) 2 4.50 64.2 31.6 46.3 63.7 12.8 36.5 21.3 44.5 20.8 24.7 34.7 27.2 110 114 435 106 400 125 101 (mi area 4,635 Drainage b /s, cubic feet per second; numbers in 3 b b b b b Station Name , square miles; ft feet;, 2 North Nashua River at Fitchburg, MA North Nashua River at Fitchburg, MA North Nashua River near Leominster, Stillwater River near Sterling, MA Quinapoxet River at Canada Mills Near Holden, MA Groton, MA West Squannacock River at Nashua River at East Pepperell, MA Assabet River at Maynard, MA Acton, MA Nashoba River near Sudbury River at Saxonville, MA Concord River below Meadow Brook at Lowell, MA Merrimack River at Lowell, MA MA Wilmington, Shawsheen River near Parker River at Byfield, MA Ipswich River at South Middleton, MA Ipswich River at Ipswich, MA Saugus River at Ironworks Saugus, MA MA Winchester, Aberjona River at Neponset River at Norwood, MA East Branch Neponset River at Canton, MA MA Village, Neponset River at Milton MA Weymouth, Old Swamp River near Summary of March–April 2010 flood peak stage and flow data at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in central easter n Massachusetts.—Continued

Station number 01100000 01100600 01101000 01101500 01102000 01102345 01102500 01105000 01105500 01105600 01094400 01094500 01095220 01095375 01096000 01096500 01097000 01097300 01098530 01099500 011055566 Table 1. Table [Locations shown on figure 1 . mi Introduction 7 /s) 411

395 484 786 426 390 782 255 975 3

1120 a 1,550 2,640 3,150 5,230 1,840 2,440 (ft Discharge

6.55 7.76 6.46 6.51 6.16 9.93 7.23 5.70 3.55 4.31 4.47 7.36 (ft) 11.50 13.38 14.51 10.39 Gage height Secondary peak March–April 2010 Date 03/15 03/18 03/31 03/31 03/31 03/15 03/17 03/15 03/16 03/15 03/15 04/01 03/31 03/31 03/30 03/15 575 792 867 820 948 900 /s)

3 1,710 3,220 4,150 1,390 4,980 1,460 2,870 8,500 3,000 1,900 (ft Discharge

7.02 8.72 6.54 7.13 4.60 8.89 7.69 5.15 9.90 5.02 (ft) 11.47 14.44 14.48 21.55 12.95 10.00 Gage height Recorded peak prior to March–April 2010 flood Date 10/16/2005 03/22/1968 02/03/1976 03/18/1968 03/19/1968 10/16/2005 03/20/1968 03/19/1968 06/16/1998 03/18/1968 08/20/1955 09/22/1938 09/21/1938 03/07/1979 10/15/2005 10/16/2005 a /s) 400 695 581 452 971 478 3 3640 1,780 2,790 4,160 1,510 5,480 1,310 2,930 1,010 2,250 (ft Discharge

d d (ft) 7.21 8.05 7.56 7.32 6.20 8.98 8.66 4.22 4.12 4.96 Gage 11.48 11.75 14.15 14.97 12.18 10.79 height March–April 2010 peak indicate new peak of record] Date 03/31 04/02 03/15 03/15 03/15 03/31 04/01 03/30 03/31 03/30 03/31 03/16 03/15 03/15 03/14 03/31 bold ge relation. MILLERS RIVER BASIN BUZZARDS BAY BASIN BUZZARDS BAY CHARLES RIVER BASIN TEN MILE RIVER BASIN TAUNTON RIVER BASIN TAUNTON CHICOPEE RIVER BASIN 1998 1938 1932 1967 1967 1996 1930 1926 1967 1967 1940 1918 1917 1965 1961 1987 record BLACKSTONE RIVER BASIN Start of

SOUTH COASTAL RIVER BASIN SOUTH COASTAL

) 2 8.81 65.7 30.3 19.8 26.2 43.3 84.3 10.6 25.6 81.8 19.4 34.2 53.1 183 251 261 (mi area Drainage b /s, cubic feet per second; numbers in 3 b b Station Name , square miles; ft feet;, 2 Charles River at Medway, MA Charles River at Medway, MA Charles River at Dover, MA Waltham, Charles River at MA Indian Head River at Hanover, Jones River at Kingston, MA Paskamanset River near South Dartmouth, MA MA River near Bridgewater, Taunton River near Norton, MA Wading Threemile River at North Dighton, MA Segreganset River near Dighton, MA Quinsigamond River at North Grafton, MA MA Winchendon, Millers River near MA Winchendon, Priest Brook near MA Otter River at River, MA Sevenmile River near Spencer, Mile River at East Providence, RI Ten Summary of March–April 2010 flood peak stage and flow data at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in central easter n Massachusetts.—Continued

Streamflow affected by regulation. Streamflow affected Gage height is lower than the historical peak gage due to a change in stage-dischar Gage height and discharge may change pending further analysis of entire water-year record. may change pending further analysis of entire water-year Gage height and discharge Gage height is lower than the historical peak gage due to a change in datum. a b c d Station number 01110000 01103280 01103500 01104500 01105730 01105870 01105933 01108000 01109000 01109060 01109070 01162000 01162500 01163200 01175670 01109403 Table 1. Table [Locations shown on figure 1 . mi 8 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Flow conditions in the region prior the March floods are stranded at the highest water elevation. The best HWMs are illustrated by the daily mean flow for the 2010 water year in small seeds or floating debris that adhere to smooth surfaces or relation to the 10th-, 25th-, 50th-, 75th-, and 90th-percentile lodge in tree bark that forms a distinct water line. Stain lines flows for a given day, calculated from the period-of-record on buildings, fences, and other structures also provide excel- daily mean flows at Charles River at Dover (01103500) and lent marks. HWMs are best identified immediately following Taunton River near Bridgewater (01108000) (fig. 4A and 4B, the peak stage as time and weather (wind and rain) fade the respectively). Note that these streamgages were established in evidence of the peak water line. Additionally, care was taken 1938 and 1930, respectively. Prior to the late February rainfall, to identify HWMs farthest from the main channel as possible flows were below the median (50th percentile) but quickly where velocities are generally small and pileup or drawdown’s rose well above the 90th percentile following the late Febru- common in fast moving waters are best avoided. The general ary rainfall. Flows that exceeded the 90th percentile occurred methods used to identify and document HWMs are described only 10 percent of the time at this time of year, which is the by Benson and Dalrymple (1967). normal seasonal high-flow period. Flows receded to about the median range in early March, then rose sharply following the mid-March storm to set a new peak flow for water year 2010. Setting High-Water Marks Flows continued to stay above the 90th percentile into late USGS field crews consisted of at least one person expe- March because of saturated conditions and additional rainfall. rienced in identifying HWMs. Crews would identify HWMs Another large rainfall event at the end of March caused a rise and corroborating evidence of surrounding HWMs. The cor- in streamflow that slightly exceeded the peak flow in mid- roborating information became more important as the quality March at the Charles River at Dover (01103500) and Taunton of the HWM decreased. After a satisfactory HWM was found, River near Bridgewater (01108000) streamgages. Again, note a more permanent identification mark was established, such that at 24 of the 37 streamgages in table 1, the mid-March as a disk, stake, chisel mark, or paint line (examples shown in peak flows exceeded the late March–early April peak flows. fig. 5). Flagging, written descriptions, sketches, photos, and Streamgages in southeastern Massachusetts indicate handheld Geographic Position System (GPS) horizontal posi- that the highest peak stages and flows during the 2010 floods tion measurements were made so the marks could be found generally occurred in late March–early April (table 1); later and surveyed to a standard vertical datum or for other these included streamgages in the Neponset River, except at analysis, such as determination of the flood profile over the Milton Village (011055566); in the Charles River, except at river reach. Waltham (01104500); and in Buzzards Bay, Taunton River, Identification of HWMs by the USGS began on April 13 and Ten Mile River Basins. At the seven streamgages in these and continued through May 10, 2010. Four USGS field crews basins the median late March–early April peak flows were were mobilized to identify HWMs as soon as possible because about 13 percent greater than the mid-March peak flows. The of the significance of the flood and to minimize loss of time greatest differences in peak flows were in the lower Taunton critical data. Note that high-water levels became more dif- and Ten Mile River Basins for Wading River (01109000), ficult and time consuming to identify, and the quality of the Threemile River (01109060), Segreganset River (01109070), HWMs deteriorated with time. Field work was limited until an and Ten Mile River (01109403), which had late March–early agreement was signed (April 29, 2010) and resources could be April peak flows that were about 40-, 37-, 58-, and 57-percent directed to this activity. As a result USGS field crews some- greater, respectively, than the mid-March peak flows. At most times found two distinct high-water lines that likely resulted other streamgages reported in table 1, the primary 2010 peak where the late March–early April peak was lower than the occurred in mid-March. The mid-March peak flows were mid-March peak. The highest water-level evidence was used as little as 1 percent greater than the late March–early April when establishing a HWM, but if the overall peak occurred in peak flows in the Assabet and Concord River Basins, but the mid-March, evidence of that peak could have been erased by differences between the mid-March peaks and the late March– heavy rains that occurred later in the month. early April peaks generally increased to the west and north of The MADCR HWMs were identified by a consultant southeastern Massachusetts. In rivers and streams where the working under contract for MADCR. The MADCR HWMs mid-March peak stages were higher than the secondary peaks were identified mostly at bridges and were marked by a wide in late March–early April, the determination of the highest paint line, which made the vertical position of the HWM peak stage was less certain because evidence of the earlier uncertain when the marks were later surveyed to a standard peaks may have been destroyed. vertical datum. Generally, the surveyor assumed the middle of the paint line was the vertical position of the HWM. In addition, most HWMs were located near the main channel, Methods which also can cause uncertainty because of wave action, potential pileup of water against the upstream side of a bridge, HWMs are the evidence of the highest water levels and drawdown at the downstream of a bridge. The MADCR during a flood (Benson and Dalrymple, 1967). There are HWMs were identified shortly after peak flows in mid-March many types of HWMs, but most are left by vegetative debris and in late-March to early-April. Methods 9

A. Charles River at Dover (01103500) 10,000

EXPLANATION 2010 daily mean flow Flow percentile (provisional) 90th 75th 1,000 50th 25th 10th D

N 100 O S E C

Period of record October 1937 through September 2009 P E R

10 E T F

C I

B B. Taunton River near Bridgewater (01108000)

U 10,000 C

N I

FLOW , 1,000

100

Period of record October 1929 through September 2009 10 OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT.

Figure 4. Period-of-record daily mean flow percentiles and 2010 daily mean flow at (A) Charles River at Dover (01103500) and (B) Taunton River near Bridgewater (01108000), Massachusetts. Location shown in figure 1. 10 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Indian Head River (IHRKS)

Ipswich River (IpsSR)

Nashua River (A80000) Assabet River (A700005)

Figure 5. Examples of high-water mark debris lines on trees and structures found following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts. Value in parentheses refers to the Site_ID in Appendix I, table 1-1. Summary of High-Water Marks Identified 11

Elevation of High-Water Marks Summary of High-Water Marks Elevation of HWMs were later surveyed to a standard Identified vertical datum (NAVD 88) using the Global Navigation Sat- ellite System (GNSS) and survey grade GPS receivers along High-water marks were identified following the March– with standard optical surveying equipment. The GPS surveys April 2010 flood along 25 river reaches in 7 EEA designated were conducted using Trimble R8 receivers that support the basins by the USGS and in 8 river reaches in 2 EEA des- L1 and L2 signals; two of the four receivers used also sup- ignated basins by MADCR (table 3). The USGS identified port GLONASS L2C and L5 signals. At each HWM site a 293 HWMs at 152 sites (a site may have more than one temporary survey point (PK) was established in an open area HWM, typically a bridge crossing with HWMs identified on to provide the best possible satellite reception. For each PK, the upstream and downstream side of the bridge), which are the GPS receiver was initialized away from, and then leveled listed in Appendix I, table 1-1. At seven of the sites listed over the PK. This procedure was repeated by reinitializing in table 1-1, no HWM was set; note, the dataset does not the GPS unit (the receiver was flipped upside down for consistently report all sites visited where no HWM was set. several seconds to lose the GPS signals) to obtain an inde- During the later GPS surveys, three of the USGS HWMs were pendent reading. If the vertical elevation of the PK differed destroyed, and two others could not be found. The MADCR by more than about 0.10 ft, the procedure was repeated until identified 133 HWMs, which are listed in Appendix I, an acceptable agreement was reached. Elevation of repeated table 1-2. Of these, 98 are at unique locations; 29 of these PK measurements generally agreed to within 0.05 ft. Stan- were visited twice following the mid-March peak flows and dard optical surveying equipment was used to tie the HWM again after the late-March peak flows. One HWM was identi- to the PK elevation using a closed loop survey. Ninety-seven fied in the GPS survey in the same general location where a percent of the 339 loop surveys closed to within 0.01 ft or HWM was previously identified. Multiple HWMs sighted by less, 2 percent closed to within 0.02 ft, and two closed within MADCR were not typically identified at the same location, 0.05 ft and 0.11 ft. such as upstream and downstream from a bridge, but multiple Continuous real-time differential corrections to the GPS HWMs were identified separately following the mid- and horizontal and vertical positions were made using a propri- late-March peak flows. During the later GPS survey, 11 of the etary fixed-base station GPS network operated by KeyNet- MADCR HWMs could not be found. Six HWMs were found GPS, Inc. The network and associated software determine to have an elevation (NAVD88) below sea level and were corrections for satellite signals received by the field GPS for found below the water surface at the time of the GPS survey; ionosphere and other atmospheric disturbances recorded at five of these were in the Mystic Basin. three or more of the closest fixed-base stations relative to the The HWMs identified by the USGS and MADCR cov- position of the field GPS receiver. The fixed-base stations ered about 300 river miles, as determined from the upstream receivers continuously stream data to a central server that and downstream HWMs along river reaches; about 230 and calculates corrections at the location of the field GPS receiver 70 river miles were covered by USGS and MADCR, respec- in real time. The field GPS controllers require at least version tively. The density of HWMs per mile of river reach for USGS 12 GPS controller software to utilize the fixed network. The HWMs ranges from a lower quartile of about 1.0 to an upper fixed-station network in the eastern Massachusetts region, quartile of about 1.6, with a median of 1.5 HWMs per mile. nearest the HWMs, consists of seven stations near Keene The elevation of HWMs upstream from bridges were, on aver- (NHCK) and Derry (CPO1), NH; Boston (KP19), Fall River age, about 1.2 ft higher than the downstream HWMs near the (ABL1), Fitchburg (FSC1), and Framingham (KP16), MA; same bridge; in 27 out of 106 HWMs at a bridge, the upstream and Providence (NBC1), RI. Quality-assurance GPS mea- elevation was lower than the downstream elevation (these sites surements were made at 27 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) were not included in the average elevation difference between bench marks (BMs) with vertical datum’s throughout the upstream and downstream HWMs). HWMs that are higher study area (fig. 6). The elevation of the GPS measured BMs downstream than upstream may be the result of a poor quality yielded a vertical root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.15 ft mark, which is often reflected in the rating of the HWM, but (table 2) for 26 of the 27 BMs; one BM was not used because also could be attributed to different high-water peaks from it appeared to have been reset (new construction), which is mid- and late March, as previously noted. The density of collaborated by the vertical difference of 0.78 ft. between the HWMs identified by MADCR varied by storm; about 35 per- published and the GPS-determined elevation. The accuracy cent more HWMs were identified following the mid-March of the HWM survey meets the standards specified by FEMA peak flows than the late March peak flows. The density of (2003) in Guidelines and specifications for flood hazards MADCR HWMs following the mid-March peak flows ranged mapping partners, Appendix A: Guidance for aerial mapping from a lower quartile of about 1.0 to an upper quartile of about and surveying. 2.2, with a median of 1.1 HWMs per mile. 12 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

72° 71°30' 71° 70°30' 70° 43° C! NHCK Atlantic Ocean C! CPO1 .!

!. NEW HAMPSHIRE !. !. EXPLANATION !. !. C! Massachusetts Executive Office !. of Energy and Environment FSC1 Affairs basin boundary 42°30' !. !. ! Fixed base-station network C for Global Positioning System KP16 (GPS) contol and number !. !. Established National Geodetic !. !. Survey (NGS) bench-mark !. control points !. !. High-water mark U.S. Geological Survey KP16 !. C! C! !. Massachusetts Department KP19 of Conservation and Recreation

42° CONNECTICUT !. RHODE ISLAND !.!. !. !. !. !. !. Area enlaged !. NBC1 C! MASSACHUSETTS

!.

0 10 20 MILES ABL1

41°30' 0 10 20 KILOMETERS C! Base from Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs digital data; HYDRO25K_ARC , 1,25,000, 2005; MAJPOND_POLY, 1:100,000, 1998; SUBBASINS_POLY, 1:25,000,2007; Polyconic projection. North American Datum of 1983; Massachusetts coordinate system mainland zone 1998;

Figure 6. Fixed-based station Global Positioning System receiver network and National Geodetic Survey bench-mark control points used in the determination of the elevation of the March–April 2010 flood high water in central and eastern Massachusetts. Summary of High-Water Marks Identified 13 a 0.30 0.21 0.14 0.18 0.29 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.78 0.17 0.07 0.00 0.10 0.15 -0.02 -0.02 -0.28 -0.05 -0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.14 -0.16 -0.22 -0.12 -0.01 -0.17 Elev(88) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.01 0.05 0.14 0.22 0.12 -0.06 -0.14 -0.08 North Deltas – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.01 0.02 0.31 0.06 0.03 0.12 -0.03 -0.03 East 2.75 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.48 1.46 3.69 3.39 0.00 4.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.73 1.02 0.00 -1.4 -3.34 -0.10 -0.27 -1.22 RMSE -10.15 (feet) Offset 9.664 31.340 75.914 67.030 25.259 15.285 51.441 23.427 94.765 12.677 13.640 29.366 411.890 115.344 981.141 418.285 141.493 158.866 256.891 296.637 180.508 100.489 126.547 122.415 238.061 Elev(88) 1066.888 1038.980 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – North 3050078.007 3085541.125 3117987.699 3003502.629 2789387.564 2826017.296 2790147.912 Surveyed by GPS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – East 658449.822 758226.189 822696.110 743046.220 694828.910 737911.436 803318.838 11.00 31.36 78.41 70.74 28.71 14.50 51.27 24.15 94.71 13.53 14.56 28.32 115.34 979.44 414.46 418.30 141.50 158.85 256.89 296.82 180.56 100.63 131.49 122.40 238.07 Elev(88) 1063.34 1028.69 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – North 3050077.993 3048562.559 3085541.184 3117987.648 3003502.772 2789387.645 2826017.161 2790147.691 Published by NGS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – East 658449.849 709262.521 758226.176 822696.094 743045.912 694828.853 737911.462 803318.804 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D Type Summary of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements made to National Geodetic Survey (NGS) bench marks.

NGS bench mark PID Could not verify mark stamping, may have been reset; included in RMSE. a LW5230 LW1475 LW1487 LW1494 LW1492 LW1498 LW1549 LW1550 LW0526 MZ0040 MZ0045 MY0856 MY0715 MY2204 MY0312 MY0361 MY0150 MY0617 MY0734 MY2101 MY2088 MY0580 MY0495 MY2181 MY0465 MY2151 MY0607 Table 2. Table American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), in feet; horizontal position referenced to North and NORTH, 3D, horizontal and vertical position; EAST V, vertical position only, TYPE– [PID, NGS identification; between published and from bench mark to obtain the best quality signal; Deltas, difference GPS point offset 88), in feet; Offset, American Datum of 1988 (NAVD Elev(88), vertical reference to North surveyed values, in feet; –, not determined; RMSE, Root Mean Square Error] 14 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Table 3. Summary of high-water marks (HWMs) established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (MADCR) following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts.

[EEA, Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs; HWM, high-water mark; Location, number of unique locations where HWMs were identified such as upstream and downstream from a bridge; Length, approximant reach length between the most upstream and downstream HWMs; Bk, brook; HWMs and EEA basins shown in figure 1]

By USGS By MADCR Number of Length Number of Length EEA basin River EEA basin River HWMs Locations (miles) HWMs Locations (miles) Ipswich Ipswich 28 18 32 Charles Charles 35 23 22 Martins Bk 2 1 0 Beaver Bk 5 3 2.6 Subtotal 30 19 32 Subtotal 40 26 25

Millers Otter 11 6 14 Boston Harbor Mystic 60 47 17 Neponset 15 11 18 Nashua Nashua 17 11 24 Saugus 10 8 5.6 Sales Creek 2 2 0.3 South Coastal Indian Head1 10 5 6.2 Town Line Bk 3 2 1.0 Mother Bk 3 2 1.8 SuAsCo2 Assabet 17 11 28 Subtotal 93 72 44 Sudbury 34 18 25 Concord 14 7 15 Total 133 98 68 Subtotal 65 36 68

Taunton Assonet 10 5 3.4 Canoe 4 2 3.3 Cedar Swamp 3 1 0 Dorchester Bk 2 1 0 Fall Brook 3 1 0.5 Hockomock 4 3 2.1 Matfield 7 2 1.9 Mill 10 6 4.2 Nemasket 23 10 8.8 Rattlesnake 3 1 0 Bk Satucket 3 1 1.2 Segreganset 8 4 6.8 Taunton 29 12 23 Threemile 8 4 3.4 Town 19 11 6.5 Wading 10 5 9.9 Subtotal 146 69 75

Ten Mile Ten Mile 14 6 9.9

Total 293 152 229 1 Includes one HWM at North River, which is the name of the Indian Head River near its mouth. 2 Acronym for Sudbury, Assabet, and Concord River Basins. Summary of High-Water Marks Identified 15

Potential Use of High-Water Data American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a compre- hensive LIDAR mapping program was begun in the summer of 2010 to map the coastal northeast (fig. 7) at 2-m resolution HWMs provide critical information on inundation fol- and a vertical accuracy of 15 cm (Smith and other, 2010). lowing a flood. Mapping flood inundation is greatly enhanced The LIDAR data generated by this program is not expected to by the availability of LIDAR (LIght Detection and Ranging) be completed until September 2011. When the LIDAR data elevation data, which provides a high level of precision and become available, the HWM elevations determined in this accuracy (Gesch, 2009). The Massachusetts Office of Geo- study can be used to define the extent and depth of flooding graphic Information (MassGIS) has twice acquired LIDAR in the selected reaches. The new LIDAR data are expected to data, once for the Boston Metro area in 2002 and again in provide complete coverage of the Taunton, Ten Mile, South 2004 as part of an orthoimagery and LIDAR pilot project in an Coastal, and North Coastal Basins. The lower Ipswich Basin area adjacent to the City of Brockton, south of Boston (fig. 7). probably will be covered by the new LIDAR data, but other The existing LIDAR resolution is 0.75 m (meter) to 1.5 m areas where HWMs exist, such as the SuAsCo, Nashua, Mill- with a vertical accuracy of 15 cm (centimeter). As part of the ers, and upper Charles Basins, will still lack LIDAR data.

VERMONT NEW HAMPSHIRE

PARKER MILLERS MERRIMACK IPSWICH SHAWSHEEN

NASHUA NORTH COASTAL CHICOPEE Boston Metro NEW YORK

SuAsCo BOSTON Area CHARLES HARBOR

BLACKSTONE Brockton Area FRENCH QUINEBAUG SOUTH COASTAL

TEN MILE TAUNTON

NARRAGANSETT BAY BUZZARDS BAY

From http://mapserver.maine.gov/lidar/usgs_arra_proposal.pdf

EXPLANATION Existing LIDAR data LIDAR data planned for aquistion in 2010–2011 FEMA planned LIDAR data aquistion in 2010–2011 Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environment Affairs basin boundary and name

Figure 7. Areas of availability of LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data and projected 2011 LIDAR data in Massachusetts and adjacent states. 16 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Summary HWMs following the March 2010 floods were obtained for 25 river reaches in 7 designated EEA basins by the A series of widespread, large, low-pressure systems in USGS and for 8 river reaches in 2 designated EEA basins by southern New England in late February and in mid- through MADCR. The USGS identified 293 HWMs at 152 sites. A site late March resulted in record, or near record, amounts of may have more than one HWM, typically a bridge crossing rainfall. The late February storm dropped nearly 5 inches of with HWMs identified on the upstream and downstream sides rain over the region that primed conditions for triggering the of the bridge. The MADCR identified 133 HWMs; of these, first large flood that followed the 4 to 9 inches of rain that 98 are at unique locations, and 29 were visited twice follow- fell between March 13 and 15, 2010. As flood waters began ing the mid-March peaks and again after the late March peaks. to recede, 2 to 5 inches of rain fell on March 22–23, main- The HWMs identified by the USGS and MADCR covered taining wet conditions and elevating streamflows over the about 300 river miles (about 230 and 70 river miles, respec- region. This was followed by another storm on March 29–30. tively), as determined from the upstream and downstream The total rainfall in central and eastern Massachusetts from HWMs along a reach. late February to the end of March 2010 ranged from about 17 to 25 inches, which is unprecedented in the past 100-year weather history, especially during the cool season when mois- Acknowledgments ture losses to evaporation are low. Record total rains during late February and March Identification of HWMs was made by USGS personnel resulted in peak stream stages and flows that set, or nearly from Water Science Centers in Massachusetts–Rhode Island set, period-of-record peaks at streamgages in central and (Robert Breault, Gene Parker, Mark Nimiroski, and Andy eastern Massachusetts. Streamgages in southeastern Mas- Waite), Connecticut (Elizabeth Ahearn, Karen Beaulieu, sachusetts indicated the highest peak stages and flows Jonathon Morrison, and Jason Pollander,) and Maine (Pamela generally occurred in late March–early April; at most other Lombard, Nicholas Stasulis, and Greg Stewart). HWMs made streamgages in central and eastern Massachusetts, the primary for MADCR were supplied by Richard Zingarelli. Survey peaks were in mid-March. The mid-March peak flows were of HWMs was made by personnel from USGS Water Sci- as little as 1 percent greater than the late March–early April ence Centers in Massachusetts–Rhode Island (Paul Friesz, peaks in the Assabet and Concord Rivers, but the differences Gene Parker, Andy Massey, and Andy Waite) and Ohio between the mid-March peak flows and the late March–early (Carrie Huitger, Jonathon Lageman, Chad Ostheimer, and April peak flows generally increased to the west and north of Matthew Whitehead). southeastern Massachusetts. In rivers and streams where the mid-March peak stages were higher than the secondary peak stages in late March–early April, the determination of the HWM was less certain because evidence of the earlier peaks References Cited may have been destroyed. Identification of HWMs by the USGS began on April 13 Benson, M.A., and Dalrymple, Tate, 1967, General filed and and continued through May 10, 2010. Because identifica- office procedures for indirect discharge measurements: U.S. tion of HWMs by the USGS did not begin until mid-April, Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investi- field crews sometimes found two distinct high-water lines gations, book 3, chap. A1, 30 p. that likely resulted when the late March–early April peak was lower than the mid-March peak. The topmost evidence FEMA–Federal Emergency Management Agency of high water was used when establishing a HWM, but if the FEMA, 2003, Guideline and specifications for flood hazard overall peak occurred in mid-March, evidence of that peak mapping partners, Appendix A: Guidance for aerial map- could have been erased by heavy rains in late March. The ping and surveying, Federal Emergency Management MADCR marks were made shortly after peak flows in mid- Agency, 59 p., accessed August 6, 2010, at: http://www. March and again in March–early April by a consultant for fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2206 MADCR. The elevation of HWMs were later determined to a stan- FEMA, 2010, Bay state assistance tops $100 million; Disas- dard vertical datum (NAVD 88) using the Global Navigation ter recovery update, released August 17, 2010, accessed Satellite System and survey grade Global Positioning System August 25, 2010, at http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease. (GPS) receivers along with standard optical surveying equip- fema?id=52380 ment. Continuous real-time differential corrections to the GPS positions were made using a proprietary fixed-base sta- Gesch, D.B., 2009, Analysis of Lidar elevation data for tion network. Quality-assurance GPS measurements made at improved identification and delineation of lands vulner- 26 established National Geodetic Survey bench marks (BMs) able to sea-level rise: Journal of Coastal Research, SI 53 with vertical datum throughout the study area (fig. 1) yielded p. 49–50, accessed August 26, 2010, at http://topotools. a vertical root mean square error of 0.15 ft. cr.usgs.gov/pdfs/jcr_gesch_SI53.pdf References Cited 17

Northeast Regional Climate Center (2010), New England Cli- mate, March 2010, v. 110, no. 3, accessed July 26, 2010, at http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/pubs/msmry_ne_2010-03.pdf Smith, Michael; Rubin, Fay; Jacqz, Christian; White, Shane; Varney, Michael; and Ruhren, Tim, 2010, Lidar for the northeast, Maine Office of GIS, 109 p., accessed August 25, 2010, at http://mapserver.maine.gov/lidar/usgs_arra_ proposal.pdf U.S. Department of Commerce, 1955, Climatological data New England, August 1955, Weather Bureau, V. LXVII, no. 8, 20 p., accessed October 26, 2010, at http://www7. ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/cd/cd.html?_page=0&jsessionid=A5 0481FDDB5BC9A82BAC9B6604E51C59&state=MA&_ target1=Next 18 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

(This page intentionally left blank.) Appendix 20 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation

Note, most of the information contained in the tables can be obtained electronically in a geographical information system format (shape file) athttp://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/2010/1315 /.

• Table 1-1. High-water marks identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following the March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern Massachusetts. • Table 1-2. High-water marks identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following the March-April 2010 floods in eastern Massachusetts. Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 21

9.64 9.97 (ft) 30.44 30.13 32.85 32.51 33.68 33.90 35.09 34.75 44.59 44.62 43.44 46.94 45.91 55.87 57.69 85.85 85.99 71.08 69.33 63.66 51.77 51.80 49.84 25.49 25.68 14.76 13.78 40.11 36.96 Elevation L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank u Pen Pen Pen Nail Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Mark Stake Chisel Chisel u P P P F F F F F F F F F E E E G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Hayward St Bridge US Hayward St Bridge DS Broad St (Rt 18) Bridge US Broad St (Rt 18) Bridge US Oak St Bridge DS Oak St Bridge US footbridge Works Lazell-Parkins Iron footbridge Works Lazell-Parkins Iron High St Bridge High St Bridge High St Bridge South Main St Bridge (Rt 28) South Main St Bridge (Rt 28) South St Bridge South St Bridge Newland St Bridge US Newland St Bridge DS Plain St Bridge US Plain St Bridge DS Bay St Bridge US Whittenton St Bridge DS Whittenton St Bridge US Britannia St Bridge US W. St Bridge US Washington St Bridge DS Washington Hill St Bridge US Hill St Bridge DS Ingell St Bridge DS Ingell St Bridge US Center Rd Bridge US Center Rd Bridge DS River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town River Town Canoe River Canoe River Canoe River Canoe River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Mill River Segreganset River Segreganset River Date 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 Long_DD -70.93807 -70.93703 -70.97242 -70.97183 -70.97768 -70.97812 -70.98222 -70.98232 -70.98270 -70.98205 -70.98270 -71.00325 -71.00322 -71.01173 -71.01242 -71.15966 -71.15854 -71.14375 -71.14401 -71.10838 -71.10602 -71.10604 -71.10147 -71.09766 -71.09754 -71.09304 -71.09152 -71.08184 -71.08237 -71.14272 -71.14288 Lat_DD 41.99762 41.99768 41.99715 41.99697 41.99757 41.99690 42.00188 42.00077 42.00260 42.00317 42.00260 42.01783 42.01735 42.01512 42.01363 41.99539 41.99514 41.97732 41.97700 41.93417 41.92316 41.92355 41.91928 41.90376 41.90322 41.89996 41.90014 41.89608 41.89604 41.84027 41.83989 Party RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA HWM_ID US1 DS1 US1 DS1 DS1 US1 US1 DS1 US1 US2 DS1 DS1 US1 DS1 US1 USN1 DSN1 USPL1 DSPL1 DSPL1 DSWH1 USWH1 USWB1 US DS140 US DSM1 DSIN1 USIN1 USSEG1 DS1 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

a600000 a600000 a600001 a600001 a600002 a600002 a600003 a600003 a600004 a600004 a600004 a600005 a600005 a600006 a600006 Cano1 Cano1 Cano2 Cano2 Mill1 Mill2 Mill2 Mill3 Mill4 Mill4 Mill5 Mill5 Mill6 Mill6 Segre1 Segre1 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS1 GS2 GS3 GS4 GS5 GS6 GS7 GS8 GS9 GS10 GS11 GS12 GS13 GS14 GS15 GS16 GS17 GS18 GS19 GS20 GS21 GS22 GS23 GS24 GS25 GS26 GS27 GS28 GS29 GS30 GS31 22 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

(ft) 34.13 36.31 41.13 40.53 56.61 55.37 72.08 71.48 55.83 55.58 54.31 54.43 54.51 54.28 54.96 54.79 54.60 53.18 53.30 53.29 52.11 51.70 32.88 32.69 32.18 28.10 26.71 26.30 26.42 26.39 25.78 Elevation L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank u Pen Pen Pen Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Paint Paint Paint Mark Stake Stake u u u u u u F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Cohannet St Bridge DS Cohannet St Bridge US Fisher St Bridge US Fisher St Bridge DS Harvey St Bridge US Harvey St Bridge DS Rt 123 Bridge US Rt 123 Bridge DS St Bridge US Vaughm St Bridge DS Vaughm St Bridge US Wood St Bridge US2 Wood St Bridge DS Wood Bridge St US Bridge St DS Old Bridge St US Old Bridge St DS East Grove St Bridge DS East Grove St Bridge US East Grove St Bridge US2 Center St Bridge US1 Center St Bridge US2 East Main St Bridge US1 East Main St Bridge US2 East Main St Bridge DS Nemasket Rd Bridge US Nemasket Rd Bridge DS Rt 44 Bridge DS1 Rt 44 Bridge DS2 Rt 44 Bridge US1 Plymouth St Bridge US (closed) River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Threemile River Nemasket River Nemasket River Fall Brook Fall Brook Fall Brook Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River Date 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 Long_DD -71.13449 -71.13388 -71.12807 -71.12773 -71.15393 -71.15384 -71.15385 -71.17489 -70.91705 -70.91690 -70.90806 -70.90806 -70.90806 -70.91306 -70.91306 -70.91417 -70.91417 -70.90833 -70.90833 -70.90833 -70.90444 -70.90389 -70.89750 -70.89750 -70.89722 -70.91306 -70.91306 -70.91528 -70.91500 -70.91472 -70.92333 Lat_DD 41.88594 41.88597 41.89649 41.89610 41.93395 41.93330 41.93330 41.97270 41.85975 41.85963 41.86528 41.86528 41.86556 41.87083 41.87083 41.87167 41.87167 41.88278 41.88278 41.88278 41.89028 41.89000 41.89611 41.89611 41.89611 41.90639 41.90611 41.90750 41.90750 41.90750 41.92167 Party GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS HWM_ID DSCH1 USCO1 USFI1 DSFI1 USHA1 DSHA1 US123 DS123 NRVUS1 NRVDS1 FBWSUS1 FBWSUS2 FBWSDS1 NRBUS1 NRBDS1 NROUS1 NRODS1 NRGDS1 NRGUS1 NRGUS2 NRCUS1 NRCUS2 NRMUS1 NRMUS2 NRMDS1 NRNUS1 NRNDS1 NR44DS1 NR44DS2 NR44US1 NRPUS1 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

Three1 Three1 Three2 Three2 Three4 Three4 Three5 Three5 NemR1 NemR1 a01107400 a01107400 a01107400 NemR2 NemR2 NemR3 NemR3 NemR4 NemR4 NemR4 NemR5 NemR5 NemR6 NemR6 NemR6 NemR7 NemR7 NemR8 NemR8 NemR8 NemR9 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS32 GS33 GS34 GS35 GS36 GS37 GS38 GS39 GS40 GS41 GS42 GS43 GS44 GS45 GS46 GS47 GS48 GS49 GS50 GS51 GS52 GS53 GS54 GS55 GS56 GS57 GS58 GS59 GS60 GS61 GS62 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 23

(ft) 25.36 24.79 23.05 30.00 27.61 29.84 29.72 27.52 27.40 27.50 27.25 26.30 26.15 66.27 66.46 67.19 94.88 93.89 90.81 90.03 86.61 89.15 89.66 19.64 117.51 113.33 113.60 107.95 106.97 122.78 127.38 Elevation u u u u L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank Pen Pen Nail Hub Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Paint Paint Paint Paint Mark Chisel u u u u P F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Plymouth St Bridge DS (closed) Murdock St Bridge DS Murdock St Bridge US Rt 104 Bridge US1 Rt 104 Bridge DS1 Rt 104 Bridge DS2 Rt 104 Bridge DS2 Cherry St Bridge US1 Cherry St Bridge US2 Cherry St Bridge US3 Cherry St Bridge DS1 Auburn St Bridge US (closed) Auburn St Bridge dS (closed) Rt 140 Bridge DS Rt 140 Bridge US Rt 140 Bridge US2 Rt 123 Bridge US Rt 123 Bridge DS Richardson Rd (Rt 123) Bridge US Richardson Rd (Rt 123) Bridge DS Otis St Bridge US Otis St Bridge DS Balcom St Bridge DS Riverbank Rd Bridge DS Riverbank Rd Bridge US St Bridge US Tiffany St Bridge DS Tiffany Read St Bridge DS Read St Bridge US Read St Bridge US2 Rt 1 Bridge US River Nemasket River Nemasket River Nemasket River River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Wading River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile Date 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/13/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 Long_DD -70.92278 -70.92333 -70.92306 -70.94000 -70.94000 -70.94000 -70.93972 -70.91194 -70.91194 -70.91222 -70.91194 -70.91222 -70.91222 -71.17489 -71.17690 -71.17695 -71.17695 -71.22352 -71.24489 -71.24488 -71.25461 -71.25460 -71.26011 -71.28796 -71.28852 -71.30565 -71.30580 -71.34155 -71.34142 -71.34150 -71.35068 Lat_DD 41.92167 41.93361 41.93361 41.99222 41.99167 41.99167 41.99222 41.97833 41.97833 41.97833 41.97833 41.96333 41.96333 41.97270 41.94687 41.94668 41.94671 41.95209 41.97758 41.97738 41.98953 41.98919 41.99910 41.94491 41.94470 41.91787 41.91774 41.92563 41.92580 41.92590 41.83109 Party JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA HWM_ID NRPDS1 NRMDS1 NRMUS1 TR104US1 TR104DS1 TR104DS2 TR104DS3 TRCUS1 TRCUS2 TRCUS3 TRCDS1 TRAUS1 TRADS1 DSW140 USW140 USW140B USW123 DSW123 USWRI1 DSWRI1 USWAD1 DSWAD1 DSBA DSTENRI1 USTENRI1 USTIF DSTIF DS7MR1 US7MR1 US7MR2 USTENMR1 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

NemR9 NemR10 NemR10 TAU10 TAU10 TAU10 TAU10 TAU11 TAU11 TAU11 TAU11 TAU12 TAU12 Wad1 Wad1 Wad1 Wad2 Wad2 Wad3 Wad3 Wad4 Wad4 Wad5 Ten1 Ten1 Ten2 Ten2 Sev1 Sev1 Sev1 Ten4 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS63 GS64 GS65 GS66 GS67 GS68 GS69 GS70 GS71 GS72 GS73 GS74 GS75 GS76 GS77 GS78 GS79 GS80 GS81 GS82 GS83 GS84 GS85 GS86 GS87 GS88 GS89 GS90 GS91 GS92 GS93 24 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

8.04 8.24 5.78 5.33 6.67 7.78 (ft) 11.36 11.50 18.07 19.81 40.75 39.89 66.74 64.11 25.58 25.18 23.28 23.41 23.70 23.15 22.91 21.17 21.25 20.33 20.47 17.98 17.89 15.01 14.38 13.90 22.09 Elevation L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R C Bank Hub Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Mark Stake Chisel Chisel u u F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Rt 1 Bridge US2 Rt 1 Bridge DS Bridge DS Rt 114 Bridge US Rt 114 Bridge US Ave Central Bridge DS Ave Central Bridge US Woodward Sumer St/ Bridge DS Woodward Sumer St/ St Bridge US (gage 01108000) Titocus St Bridge DS (gage 01108000) Titocus St Bridge US2 (gage 01108000) Titocus Rt 18 Bridge US Rt 18 Bridge DS Plymouth St Bridge US Plymouth St Bridge DS St Bridge DS Vernon St Bridge DS Vernon Rt 44 Bridge US Rt 44 Bridge DS Old Colony St Bridge US Old Colony St Bridge DS Long Meadow Rd Bridge DS Long Meadow Rd Bridge US Plain St Bridge US Plain St Bridge DS Rt 79 Bridge US Rt 79 Bridge DS Elm St Bridge & dam DS Elm St Bridge & dam US Elm St Bridge & dam US2 Locust St Bridge DS River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Tenmile River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton River Taunton Assonet River Assonet River Assonet River Assonet River Assonet River Assonet River Date 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 Long_DD -71.35117 -71.35144 -71.32389 -71.34373 -71.33978 -71.34022 -70.93694 -70.93583 -70.95750 -70.95611 -70.95639 -70.96556 -70.96556 -70.98750 -70.98750 -70.99306 -70.99306 -70.99583 -70.99639 -71.02972 -71.03000 -71.07556 -71.07528 -71.08833 -71.08861 -71.06712 -71.06775 -71.06581 -71.06592 -71.06582 -71.06038 Lat_DD 41.83043 41.83085 41.82956 41.82985 41.89036 41.88998 41.94750 41.94694 41.93444 41.93417 41.93389 41.93667 41.93722 41.93611 41.93611 41.93194 41.93250 41.90361 41.90278 41.88556 41.88611 41.90306 41.90278 41.88639 41.88528 41.79381 41.79374 41.79539 41.79575 41.79602 41.79907 Party GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA GJS,EAA JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS JM,NWS GJS,NWS GJS,NWS GJS,NWS GJS,NWS GJS,NWS GJS,NWS HWM_ID USTENMR2 DSTENMR1 DSTEN114 USTEN114 USTENC DSTENC TRSSUS1 TRSSDS1 TRTSUS1 TRTSDS1 TRTSUS2 TR18US1 TR18DS1 TRPSUS1 TRPSDS1 TRVSDS1 TRVSUS1 TR44US1 TR44DS1 TROSUS1 TROSDS1 TRLRDS1 TRLRUS1 TRPSUS1 TRPSDS1 AR79US1 AR79DS1 AREDS1 AREUS1 AREUS2 ARLSDS1 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

Ten4 Ten4 Ten5 Ten5 Ten6 Ten6 TAU1 TAU1 TAU2 TAU2 TAU2 TAU3 TAU3 TAU4 TAU4 TAU5 TAU5 TAU6 TAU6 TAU7 TAU7 TAU8 TAU8 TAU9 TAU9 AssoR1 AssoR1 AssoR2 AssoR2 AssoR2 AssoR3 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS94 GS95 GS96 GS97 GS98 GS99 GS100 GS101 GS102 GS103 GS104 GS105 GS106 GS107 GS108 GS109 GS110 GS111 GS112 GS113 GS114 GS115 GS116 GS117 GS118 GS119 GS120 GS121 GS122 GS123 GS124 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 25

(ft) 32.75 57.70 59.94 59.90 60.51 63.08 68.84 67.53 70.04 295.16 285.65 287.72 279.10 272.61 273.64 239.72 248.59 217.45 273.30 272.85 254.25 253.95 233.39 233.20 176.31 175.72 173.52 174.40 Elevation No HWM Destroyed Destroyed – L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank – Pen Pen Pen Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Mark Stake Stake Stake – u P P P P P P P P F F F F F F F F F F F F E G G G G G G G G Rated Location Locust St Bridge US Locust St Bridge US2 above low head dam Forest St Bridge DS Forest St Bridge US W.Bridgewater 60 Clinton Rd Scotland Rd Bridge US1 Rt 24 south Bridge US Maple St culvert US Center St) Bridge US1 Rt 106 (w. Center St) Bridge DS1 Rt 106 (w. Manley St Bridge DS Mill St Bridge DS Mill St Bridge US Fisher St Bridge DS Fisher St Bridge US Maynard St Bridge US Rt 9 east St Bridge US Rt 135 St Bridge US Allen St Bridge DS Allen St Bridge US Robin St Bridge DS Fruit St Bridge US Fruit St Bridge DS Fay Court Bridge US Fay Court Bridge DS River St Bridge US River St Bridge DS Concord St Bridge DS 228 Front St Bridge (discont gage) DS 228 Front St Bridge (discont gage) US Union St Bridge US River Assonet River Assonet River River Town River Town River? Town River Town River Town Hockomock River Hockomock River Hockomock River Hockomock River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River – Date 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/14/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 Long_DD -71.05995 -71.05938 -72.68183 -71.01820 -71.01944 -71.02613 -71.02898 -71.04323 -71.05860 -71.05837 -71.05068 -71.63263 -71.63327 -71.63240 -71.63277 -71.63240 -71.63862 -71.63743 -73.29700 -71.63002 -73.28117 -71.55272 -71.55243 -71.53662 -71.53607 -71.52257 -71.52225 -71.46342 -71.45605 -71.45652 -71.45515 Lat_DD 41.79935 41.79950 42.01347 42.00142 42.00083 41.99213 41.99068 41.99188 42.01122 42.01085 42.01587 42.26982 42.26927 42.27112 42.27113 42.27397 42.28343 42.29477 42.33000 42.32948 42.34652 42.26833 42.26725 42.26468 42.26490 42.26652 42.26632 42.26225 42.26020 42.25652 42.25877 Party GJS,NWS GJS,NWS RFB,AMW RFB,AMW FEMA RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW RFB,AMW PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP HWM_ID ARLSUS1 ARLSUS2 TRFDS1 TRFUS1 Clinton TRSUS1 TR24US1 HRMUS1 HR106US1 HR106DS1 HRMSDS1 ARMDS1 ARMUS1 ARFDS1 ARFUS1 ARMSUS1 AR9US1 AR135DS1 ARADS1 ARAUS1 ARRDS1 SRFUS1 SRFDS1 SRFCUS1 SRFCDS1 SRRSUS1 SRRSDS1 SRCSUS1 SRGDS1 SRGUS1 SRUUS1 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

AssoR3 AssoR3 a600007 a600008 FEMA1 a600009 a600010 a600100 a600011 a600011 a600012 a700000 a700000 a700001 a700001 a700002 a700003 a700004 a700005 a700005 a700006 SUD1 SUD1 SUD2 SUD2 SUD3 SUD3 SUD4 01097480 01097480 SUD5 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS125 GS126 GS127 GS128 GS129 GS130 GS131 GS132 GS133 GS134 GS135 GS136 GS137 GS138 GS139 GS140 GS141 GS142 GS143 GS144 GS145 GS146 GS147 GS148 GS149 GS150 GS151 GS152 GS153 GS154 GS155 26 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

(ft) 119.49 118.44 118.50 119.27 173.89 163.34 155.99 150.36 154.56 152.22 151.97 149.44 148.65 148.62 120.70 121.39 120.08 122.48 122.81 131.93 132.70 148.16 202.79 208.79 253.92 255.77 241.33 242.64 243.31 239.29 238.92 Elevation L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank Pen Pen Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Paint Paint Mark u P F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Union St Bridge DS nr Reservoir 1 dam US Franklin St Bridge DS Main St Bridge US Main St Bridge DS Center St Bridge US Center St Bridge DS Fenwick Rd Bridge US (closed) Fenwick Rd Bridge mid R US (closed) Fenwick Rd Bridge DS (closed) Potter Rd Bridge US Potter Rd Bridge DS Old Sudbury Rd Bridge US Old Sudbury Rd Bridge DS Pine St Bridge. US Pine St Bridge. DS Rt62-Powder Mill Rd Bridge DS Rt62-Powder Mill Rd Bridge US US Rd Bdrg. Waltham At USGS gage 01096840 Port St US Arch Foot Bridge off St Bridge. US Water St Bridge. DS Water WWTP Clinton Bridge DS1 Rt 110 Bridge US1 Rt 110 Mill St Bridge US1 Mill St Bridge US2 (debris line 210 St) Monument St Bridge DS Monument St Bridge US Lowell Rd Bridge US River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Assabet River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Concord River Concord River Concord River Date 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/22/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 Long_DD -71.45548 -71.44292 -71.43022 -71.42745 -71.42738 -71.43082 -71.43122 -71.41658 -71.41658 -71.41658 -71.39378 -71.39378 -71.38195 -71.38195 -71.39278 -71.39278 -71.42861 -71.42972 -71.44972 -71.56889 -71.57639 -71.66623 -71.66680 -71.67885 -71.68158 -71.68028 -71.68155 -71.68155 -71.34944 -71.35000 -71.35556 Lat_DD 42.25822 42.29078 42.29208 42.29697 42.29717 42.30585 42.30618 42.31255 42.31255 42.31255 42.33880 42.33880 42.37397 42.37397 42.45167 42.45194 42.44056 42.44139 42.43222 42.39028 42.38556 42.41882 42.42013 42.43177 42.43297 42.43297 42.43817 42.43817 42.47083 42.47139 42.46611 Party PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP PJL,GWP EAA,KMB EAA,KMB EAA,KMB EAA,KMB EAA,KMB EAA,KMB EAA,KMB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB AMW,RFB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB HWM_ID SRUDS1 SRResUS1 SRFSDS1 SRMSUS1 SRMSDS1 SRCSUS1 SRCSDS1 SRFRUS1 SRFRMRB SRFRDS1 SRPRUS1 SRPRDS1 SROSRUS1 SROSRDS1 USPIN DSPIN DSPWD DSPWD USWAL DSRT85 DSPRT NR1US1 NR1DS1 WWTP1 NR110DS1 NR110US1 NR2US1 NR2US2 DSMON USMON USLOW High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

SUD5 SUD6 SUD7 SUD8 SUD8 SUD9 SUD9 SUD10 SUD10 SUD10 SUD11 SUD11 SUD12 SUD12 AssaR4 AssaR4 AssaR5 AssaR5 AssaR6 AR7-gage AssaR8 a800000 a800000 a800001 a800002 a800002 a800003 a800003 CRMon CRMon CRLR GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS156 GS157 GS158 GS159 GS160 GS161 GS162 GS163 GS164 GS165 GS166 GS167 GS168 GS169 GS170 GS171 GS172 GS173 GS174 GS175 GS176 GS177 GS178 GS179 GS180 GS181 GS182 GS182A GS183 GS184 GS185 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 27

(ft) NF 118.94 118.98 119.98 117.99 118.10 117.68 117.75 117.21 117.33 117.22 116.13 113.80 120.23 120.09 120.26 120.24 121.10 120.61 121.47 123.54 106.68 207.28 206.22 210.22 209.46 214.99 214.25 222.13 223.78 Elevation No HWM – – L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank – – Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Nail Paint Paint Mark – u u u – P P P P F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Lowell Rd Bridge DS South Great Rd Bridge DS South Great Rd Bridge US Sherman Rd Bridge US Sherman Rd Bridge DS River Rd Bridge (abondoned) US River Rd Bridge (abondoned) DS Pelham Inland Rd Bridge DS Pelham Inland Rd Bridge US Stonebridge Rd Bridge US Danforth Rd Bridge DS (01098530) Hgt Danforth Rd Bridge US (01098530) staff Rt 225 Bridge DS Rt 225 Bridge US Rt 4 Bridge US Rt 4 Bridge DS River St Bridge US River St Bridge DS Bridge US Rt 3A Bridge DS Rt 3A Faulkner St Bridge US Faulkner St Bridge DS US Bridge becomes Rt 111 Rt 119 DS Bridge becomes Rt 111 Rt 119 Rt 225 Bridge US Rt 225 Bridge DS (Great Rd) Bridge US Rt 2A (Great Rd) Bridge DS Rt 2A Main St DS above low head dam West Hospital Rd Bridge (no mark obs) Jackson Rd Bridge US River Concord River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Sudbury River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Concord River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Nashua River Date 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/23/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/28/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 Long_DD -71.35556 -71.36528 -71.36500 -71.36444 -71.36417 -71.38000 -71.38000 -71.36889 -71.36944 -71.39444 -71.39694 -71.39694 -71.31333 -71.31361 -71.30028 -71.29972 -71.28306 -71.28306 -71.28000 -71.27972 -71.28361 -71.28472 -71.59278 -71.59278 -71.59889 -71.59889 -71.61000 -71.60917 -71.61917 -71.63389 -71.63250 Lat_DD 42.46722 42.42000 42.42028 42.39667 42.39667 42.37528 42.37528 42.35889 42.35861 42.33861 42.32583 42.32583 42.50889 42.50861 42.53472 42.53556 42.55694 42.55722 42.57389 42.57444 42.59222 42.59194 42.62639 42.62667 42.60583 42.60583 42.57806 42.57806 42.55250 42.54111 42.52278 Party EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB EAA,DMB HWM_ID DSLOW DSSGR USSGR USSHM DSSHM USRR DSRR DSPEL USPEL USSTB DSKNG USKNG DSC225 USC225 USC4 DSC4 USCRS DSCRS USCRS DSCRS USCFM DSCFM USN119 DSN119 USN225 DSN225 USN2A DSN2A DSN2A – USNJR High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

CRLR SUDSGR SUDSGR SUDSR SUDSR SUDRR SUDRR SUDPEL SUDPEL SUDSTB SUDDR SUDDR CRRt225 CRRt225 CRRt4 CRRt4 CRRS CRRS CRRt3A CRRt3A CRFS CRFS NRRt119 NRRt119 NRRt225 NRRt225 NRRt2A NRRt2A NRWMD NRHS NRJR GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS186 GS187 GS188 GS189 GS190 GS191 GS192 GS193 GS194 GS195 GS196 GS197 GS198 GS199 GS200 GS201 GS202 GS203 GS204 GS205 GS206 GS207 GS208 GS209 GS210 GS211 GS212 GS213 GS214 GS215 GS216 28 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

8.12 6.38 (ft) 77.27 76.40 70.52 70.07 68.08 64.79 72.51 71.74 68.62 66.87 52.59 48.32 49.13 74.80 72.66 88.57 85.79 33.89 33.29 32.69 223.68 229.52 919.11 916.71 916.43 897.84 877.55 876.27 836.02 Elevation u L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank u u Nail Nail Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Mark None None Stake u u P P P P P P P P P P P P P F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location Jackson Rd Bridge DS Bridge US Rt 117 St Bridge DS Woburn St Bridge US Woburn Main St Bridge US Main St Bridge DS Park St Bridge US Park St Bridge DS Mill St Bridge US Mill St Bridge US Park St Bridge US Park St Bridge DS at gage 01101500 Bridge US Rt 114 Bridge DS Rt 114 Brook St Bridge DS Brook St Bridge US Maple St Bridge DS Maple St Bridge DS Gulliver St Bridge US Gulliver St Bridge US Bridge St US Bridge St DS 1 Bridge St DS 2 Bridge US Rt 2A Rt 101 Bridge US Rt 101 Bridge DS CSG at gage 01153200 Main St Bridge US Main St Bridge DS Maple St Bridge US River Nashua River Nashua River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Martins Brook Martins Brook Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Segreganset River Segreganset River Segreganset River Segreganset River Segreganset River Segreganset River Matfield River Matfield River Matfield River Otter River Otter River Otter River Otter River Otter River Otter River Otter River Date 04/29/2010 04/29/2010 05/05/2010 05/05/2010 05/05/2010 05/05/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/06/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/07/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 Long_DD -71.63278 -71.65667 -71.14361 -71.14389 -71.10802 -71.10802 -71.07298 -71.07333 -71.11083 -71.11056 -71.10139 -71.10111 -71.02611 -70.99361 -70.99333 -71.12667 -71.12694 -71.16528 -71.16556 -71.17194 -71.17167 -70.94306 -70.94250 -70.94250 -72.01167 -72.01639 -72.01639 -72.04139 -72.05194 -72.05250 -72.08167 Lat_DD 42.52278 42.46111 42.55361 42.55389 42.56470 42.56470 42.57457 42.57472 42.56111 42.56139 42.57167 42.57167 42.56944 42.57389 42.57389 41.82556 41.82583 41.85750 41.85778 41.88028 41.88000 42.00583 42.00556 42.00611 42.56472 42.57361 42.57417 42.58833 42.59583 42.59556 42.60639 Party EAA,DMB EAA,DMB RFB,GWP RFB,GWP RFB,GWP RFB,GWP RFB,GWP RFB,GWP GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, JMP GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB HWM_ID USNJR USN117 IpsWSDS IpsWSUS IpsMSUS IpsMSDS IpsPSUS IpsPSDS IpsMSUS IpsMSDS MBPSUS MBPSDS IpsGDS IpsRt114US IpsRt114DS SRBSDS SRBSUS SRMSDS SRMSDS SRGSDS SRGSDS MRBSUS MRBSDS MRBSDS2 ORRt2ADS ORRt101US ORRt101DS ORGDS ORMSUS ORMSDS ORMAUS High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

NRJR NRRt117 400001 400001 400002 400002 400003 400003 4004 4004 4005 4005 4006 4007 4007 6001 6001 6002 6002 6003 6003 6004 6004 6004 300000 300001 300001 1163200 300002 300002 300003 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS217 GS218 GS219 GS220 GS221 GS222 GS223 GS224 GS225 GS226 GS227 GS228 GS229 GS230 GS231 GS232 GS233 GS234 GS235 GS236 GS237 GS238 GS239 GS240 GS241 GS242 GS243 GS244 GS245 GS246 GS247 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 29

9.97 (ft) NF 13.52 20.77 21.12 21.88 29.76 34.50 32.27 31.90 40.07 40.36 38.98 39.28 41.24 40.98 37.23 46.57 46.36 16.67 38.02 34.84 44.15 43.44 68.00 68.00 836.85 845.81 846.35 Not done Elevation Destroyed L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Bank – Pen Pen Pen Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Mark None None u – P P P P P P P P P P P P P F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G Rated Location Maple St Bridge US2 Maple St Bridge DS Rt 68 St Bridge DS Rt 68 St Bridge US Foobridge behind cemetary US1 Foobridge behind cemetary US2 Mill Rd Bridge DS Mill Rd Bridge US at gage 01102000 Asbury St Bridge US Asbury St Bridge DS1 Asbury St Bridge DS2 Salem Rd Bridge US Salem Rd Bridge DS Rowley Bridge Rd US1 Rowley Bridge Rd US2 Rowley Bridge Rd DS Elm St Bridge DS Elm St Bridge US Rt 62 Bridge US Rt 62 Bridge DS Rd Bridge US (tidal) Washington Old Elm St Bridge US at gage 01105730 Elm St Bridge DS1 (CSG) at gage 01105730 Elm St Bridge DS2 at gage 01105730 Cross St Bridge US Cross St Bridge DS Broadway St Bridge US Broadway St Bridge DS King St Bridge DS1 King St Bridge DS2 River Otter River Otter River Otter River Otter River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River Ipswich River North River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Indian Head River Date 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/11/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/09/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 05/10/2010 Long_DD -72.08167 -72.08167 -72.07556 -72.07472 -70.83806 -70.83806 -70.86111 -70.86167 -70.89361 -70.91222 -70.91167 -70.91194 -70.95000 -70.94944 -70.96694 -70.96722 -70.96667 -70.98750 -70.98833 -70.99639 -70.99667 -70.80722 -70.82417 -70.82306 -70.82306 -70.84917 -70.84861 -70.86583 -70.86528 -70.87750 -70.87750 Lat_DD 42.60639 42.60639 42.60667 42.60639 42.67472 42.67778 42.65833 42.65833 42.65972 42.65389 42.65389 42.65389 42.62583 42.62556 42.62694 42.62667 42.62694 42.61944 42.61972 42.59528 42.59611 42.10861 42.10000 42.10056 42.10056 42.09583 42.09611 42.09000 42.09056 42.10389 42.10417 Party GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GCB, RFB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB GWP,GCB HWM_ID ORMAUS2 ORMADS ORRt68DS ORRt68US IpsCMUS1 IpsCMUS2 IpsMRDS IpsMRUS IpsGUS IpsASUS IpsASDS1 IpsASDS2 IpsSRUS IpsSRDS IpsRBRUS1 IpsRBRUS2 IpsRBRDS IpsESDS IpsESUS IpsRt62US IpsRt62DS NROWSUS IHRGUS IHRGDS1 IHRGDS2 IHRCSUS IHRCSDS IHRBWUS IHRBWDS IHRKSDS1 IHRKSDS2 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

300003 300003 300004 300004 IpsCem IpsCem 8002 8002 1102000 IpsAS IpsAS IpsAS IpsSR IpsSR IpsRBR IpsRBR IpsRBR IpsES IpsES IpsRt62 IpsRt62 NROWS 1105730 1105730 1105730 IHRCS IHRCS IHRBW IHRBW IHRKS IHRKS GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS247A GS248 GS249 GS250 GS251 GS252 GS253 GS254 GS255 GS256 GS257 GS258 GS259 GS260 GS261 GS262 GS263 GS264 GS265 GS266 GS267 GS268 GS269 GS270 GS271 GS272 GS273 GS274 GS275 GS276 GS277 30 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

(ft) 68.05 34.70 33.87 49.29 49.68 50.30 26.06 24.76 24.68 37.37 36.30 35.99 36.90 38.84 38.35 39.11 101.80 101.00 Not done Not done Not done Elevation No HWM – – – – L L L L L L L L L L R R R R R R R R Bank – – – – Pen Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Disk Paint Paint Mark Chisel Chisel Chisel – u u – – – P F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G Rated Location King St Bridge DS3 Rd Bridge DS Forge Rd Bridge DS Forge Rt 79 (Richmond Rd) Malbone St Bridge DS Malbone St Bridge US1 Malbone St Bridge US2 Rt 79 Bridge US (disc. gage) Rt 79 Bridge DS (disc. gage) Rt 79 Bridge DS (disc. gage) O.G. Rt 18 Bridge (gage) US1 Rt 18 Bridge (gage) DS1 Rt 18 Bridge (gage) DS2 Rt 18 Bridge (gage) US2 Rt 106 Bridge DS Rt 106 Bridge US Rt 106 Bridge US Pearl St Bridge US Pearl St Bridge DS WWTP DS Brockton Reed St, Rehoboth, MA disc. 01109220, Adamsville, RI (1941-78) disc. 01106000 River Indian Head River Assonet River Assonet River Assonet River Cedar Swamp River Cedar Swamp River Cedar Swamp River Rattlesnake Bk Rattlesnake Bk Rattlesnake Bk Matfield River Matfield River Matfield River Matfield River Satucket River Satucket River Satucket River Dorchester Bk Dorchester Bk Salisbury Plain River Palmer River Adamsville Bk Date 05/11/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 04/15/2010 – Long_DD -70.87750 -71.05222 -71.05222 -71.03806 -71.02694 -71.02694 -71.02694 -71.08917 -71.08917 -71.08917 -70.96083 -70.96083 -70.96083 -70.96083 -70.95028 -70.95028 -70.95028 -71.06583 -71.06583 -71.27806 -71.12944 – Lat_DD 42.10389 41.80194 41.80194 41.81306 41.81972 41.81972 41.81972 41.77667 41.77667 41.77667 42.01583 42.01583 42.01583 42.01583 42.02139 42.02139 42.02139 42.06167 42.06167 41.80917 41.55889 Party GWP,GCB NWS NWS NWS NWS NWS NWS NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN NWS,MTN HWM_ID IHRKSDS3 ARFRDS1 ARFRDS2 – CRMSDS1 CRMSUS1 CRMSUS2 RB79US1 RB79DS1 RB79OG MR18US1 MR18DS1 MR18DS2 MR18US2 SR106DS1 SR106US1 SR106US2 DBPSUS1 DBPSDS1 – Prgage AdBk High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the U.S. Geological Survey following March–April 2010 floods in central and eastern M assachusetts.—Continued Site_ID

IHRKS AssoR4 AssoR4 AssoR5 AssoR6 AssoR6 AssoR6 Ratt1 Ratt1 Ratt1 Matf1 Matf1 Matf1 Matf1 Satu1 Satu1 Satu1 DorBk1 DorBk1 SalPR1 PalR1 AdamBk1 GPS_ID Table 1-1. Table [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position survery (GPS), Site_ID, identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude in decimal poor; u, undetermined; Mark– type of mark; unspecified; fair; P, American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– E, excellent; G, good; F, degrees (North Not Found; –, not applicable or unknown] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Vertical American Bank– R, right; L, left; u, undetermined; Elevation, in feet above North GS278 GS279 GS280 GS281 GS282 GS283 GS284 GS285 GS286 GS287 GS288 GS289 GS290 GS291 GS292 GS293 GS294 GS295 GS296 GS297 GS298 GS299 Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 31

(ft) 95.82 94.78 91.17 89.32 81.72 45.63 87.74 73.02 45.21 52.57 119.31 119.62 117.86 116.82 118.24 135.54 120.46 109.81 103.25 123.29 Elevation Both Both Both Both Both Both Storm March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 30 - - – – Notes Bridge support upstream/right fisherman local shop owner dam hole structure elevation at base marked curb port, Nahanton Park same mark both storm mark couldn’t Based on staining Based on staining Debris line on path from center Measured offset from downstream stain, Offset Staining & interview with local Erosion line & interview with Staining, right bank wall above Staining & debris line Staining & debris line, on man Debris line, flagged sappling- flags & Based on interview, Mother Bk, upstream/right wall Debris line, side wall of dam Debris line, cement dock sup Staining, on USGS gage block, Staining, on fish ladder March 30 storm 8 inches lower, F F F F G G G G G G G G G BG BG BG BG BG BG BG Rated Location , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Populatic Rd Brdg (USGS gage) Forest Rd Brdg Main St Brdg (trail to R from pump house) St Brdg West South Main St Brdg Farm Rd/Brdg St Pleasant St Brdg South St Brdg USGS gage (Dover)-Mill St Chestnut St Brdg (west side) manhole structure Brdg Ave Greendale Brdg St. (west side base of tree) Maverick St Pond Pkwy Turtle Neponset & Kendrick St (HWM on dock) Nahanton Park off (Quinobequin Rd) USGS gage (Wellesley) St Brdg (fish ladder) Washington Plimpton St Main St & North Pleasant St & Riverside Court – – – – – Date 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 03/26/2010 River Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Mother Bk Mother Bk Charles Charles Charles Neponset Neponset Neponset Long_DD -71.38967 -71.33133 -71.32252 -71.33276 -71.35156 -71.33047 -71.31573 -71.26344 -71.25993 -71.23728 -71.20511 -71.18097 -71.15991 -71.13330 -71.20873 -71.22827 -71.25869 -71.23478 -71.24720 -71.20033 Lat_DD 42.13991 42.15755 42.18134 42.18907 42.20985 42.23267 42.27180 42.25853 42.25617 42.25996 42.26697 42.25383 42.24904 42.24657 42.29795 42.31641 42.32510 42.15943 42.15323 42.17750 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-3 DCR-4 DCR-5 DCR-6 DCR-7 DCR-8 DCR-9 DCR-10 DCR-11 DCR-12 DCR-13 DCR-14 DCR-15 DCR-16 DCR-17 DCR-18 DCR-19 DCR-20 DCR-21 DCR-22 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); 32 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

NF NF NF NF NF 5.99 2.23 3.10 1.68 5.03 4.23 5.91 -2.12 (ft) 46.79 45.79 55.25 48.42 42.42 42.39 18.28 21.47 48.27 36.31 37.31 26.78 26.01 26.66 Elevation Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Storm March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Notes for both storms older storm On bridge Tributary Mark on rock Tributary Mark on stone Maybe tidal influence Same mark Debris & interview. Marking on wall,upper mark Debris line level Water F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G BG BG BG Rated Location , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Pleasant St & Riverside Court Canton St & Dedham Green Lodge St & Blue Hill Dr St Walpole Neponset St & St Walpole Neponset St & Green Lodge St & Elm Pkwy & Brush Hill Rd Valley Neponset Pkwy & Brush Hill Rd Valley Neponset & Elliot St Ave Central Squantum St & Christopher Dr School St & Hendrick Dr & Sumner St Ave Canton near RailRd St Route 1A Revere Beach Pkwy & Northshore Rd St Lynn St Lynn Brookdale St & Central St Ave Centennial & Central St Ave Centennial St Vine Essex St & Hamilton St & River Bank Rd at Forest St Ave Oaklandvale Moody St (US retaining wall north bank) Moody St Downstream of Moody St Dam (under foot brdg) Downstream of Moody St Dam Downstream of Moody St Dam near USGS gage – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Date 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 River Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Neponset Sales Creek Sales Creek Line Bk Town Line Bk Town Line Bk Town Saugus Saugus Saugus Saugus Saugus Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Long_DD -71.20035 -71.15501 -71.14581 -71.15417 -71.15472 -71.13495 -71.12224 -71.12246 -71.07302 -71.04690 -71.07363 -71.09451 -71.00358 -70.99754 -71.03995 -71.03995 -71.02404 -71.00910 -71.00912 -71.02082 -71.00445 -71.03022 -71.23692 -71.23692 -71.23502 -71.23502 -71.23368 Lat_DD 42.17749 42.19702 42.20912 42.15847 42.15864 42.20324 42.23370 42.23435 42.27015 42.26177 42.26592 42.24516 42.40266 42.40075 42.42448 42.42447 42.42953 42.46206 42.46207 42.45684 42.46568 42.47066 42.37364 42.37365 42.37244 42.37244 42.37248 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-23 DCR-24 DCR-25 DCR-26 DCR-27 DCR-28 DCR-29 DCR-30 DCR-31 DCR-32 DCR-33 DCR-34 DCR-35 DCR-36 DCR-37 DCR-38 DCR-39 DCR-40 DCR-41 DCR-42 DCR-43 DCR-44 DCR-45 DCR-46 DCR-47 DCR-48 DCR-49 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 33

NF 3.01 2.29 1.00 0.28 0.63 0.22 2.78 2.09 1.70 1.18 3.73 -0.98 -1.67 -0.25 -0.25 -0.29 (ft) 26.68 38.05 36.30 21.96 35.89 36.99 46.86 73.22 74.47 Elevation – Both Both Storm March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 30

– Notes curb footbridge (gps survey) smell smell On USGS gage house of curb Top Pavement Debris line Debris line level, interview Water debris line, top of Interview, Footbridge Debris line Debris line, ramp surface Debris line, boat ramp surface Rip rap Rip rap Staining on bridge Paint line on culvert under Staining on wall line on wall Wrack line on wall Wrack line on wall Wrack line on wall Wrack line on wall, strong gas Wrack line on wall, strong gas Wrack line on wall Wrack line on wall Wrack Alewife Bk, staining on wall F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G BG BG BG BG Rated Location , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Downstream of Moody St Dam on USGS gage Ave Woerd Ave Woerd Farwell St Brdg Farwell St Brdg Linden St Linden St Beaver St (retaining wall south bank) Rd at Mill St Trapelo Rd at Mill St Trapelo Nonantum Rd, Community Rowing Nonantum Rd, Community Rowing Medford St Medford St Pkwy nr High St Valley Mystic Pkwy nr High St Valley Mystic Pkwy nr High St Valley Mystic Pkwy nr High St Valley Mystic Pkwy & Forest St Valley Mystic St Winthrop Pkwy & Valley Mystic St Winthrop Pkwy & Valley Mystic Ave Pkwy & Boston Valley Mystic Ave Pkwy & Boston Valley Mystic Auburn St Pkwy & Valley Mystic Auburn St Pkwy & Valley Mystic Rdway West station; T Alewife Bk, behind – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Date 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 04/05/2010 River Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Beaver Bk Beaver Bk Beaver Bk Beaver Bk Beaver Bk Charles Charles Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Long_DD -71.23364 -71.24474 -71.24498 -71.21874 -71.21873 -71.22122 -71.22137 -71.20746 -71.19687 -71.19688 -71.16634 -71.16635 -71.07311 -71.07311 -71.01938 -71.01938 -71.11165 -71.11164 -71.11267 -71.11268 -71.11781 -71.11781 -71.13050 -71.13052 -71.12659 -71.12659 Lat_DD 42.37248 42.36240 42.36257 42.36691 42.36703 42.37981 42.37970 42.38307 42.39020 42.39023 42.35949 42.35948 42.41808 42.41811 42.49553 42.49553 42.41816 42.41816 42.41817 42.41817 42.41789 42.41790 42.41722 42.41720 42.41799 42.41800 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 65A 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-50 DCR-51 DCR-52 DCR-53 DCR-54 DCR-55 DCR-56 DCR-57 DCR-58 DCR-59 DCR-60 DCR-61 DCR-62 DCR-63 DCR-64 DCR-65A DCR-65 DCR-66 DCR-67 DCR-68 DCR-69 DCR-70 DCR-71 DCR-72 DCR-73 DCR-74 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); 34 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

NF 3.07 3.26 3.02 3.02 2.00 3.02 2.47 3.30 2.65 (ft) 11.03 13.43 14.75 17.96 20.26 20.76 47.87 50.20 49.34 62.17 93.66 70.70 69.10 96.10 Elevation Both Both Both Both Storm March 16 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 16 - Notes crete channel spray ground stream bridge downstream to rocks Alewife Bk wrack line on wall Henderson St Bridge, on con Mark on concrete channel line on bridge Wrack line on bridge Wrack line on bridge Wrack line on bridge Wrack On side of bridge line on wall of bridge Wrack Debris line & wrack on wall Leaf line & wrack top of line & staining Wrack Staining & wrack line on side wall Wrack line & debris on Wrack line on side wall of Wrack Debris line mark on rock Faint debris line, washed out Followed wrack line along grass Defined leaf line line upper Wrack line lower Wrack Leaf line Leaf debris line F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G BG BG BG BG BG BG Rated Location , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Alewife Bk, behind T station; West Rdway West station; T Alewife Bk, behind Alewife Bk Pkwy & Cross/Henderson St (DS) Alewife Bk Pkwy & Cross/Henderson St (DS) & Decatur St MVP & Decatur St MVP & MVP Ave Harvard & MVP Ave Harvard FootBrdg near route 38 (Medford St) over river Pkwy & High St Valley Mystic Terrace Pkwy & Lakeview Valley Mystic Pkwy & Bacon St Valley Mystic Ave Pkwy & Mystic Valley Mystic Pkwy & Main St Valley Mystic Main St & Lake Horn Pond Bk Rd & Lake St Drive Totman Drive Totman Lexington St west of Drive & Lexington St Totman St & Locust Willow Bedford Rd & CamBrdg St Morrow Drive & Bedford Rd Morrow Drive & Bedford Rd Ave St & Quimby Winn Ave St & Quimby Winn – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Date River Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Long_DD -71.14340 -71.14341 -71.13452 -71.13454 -71.13253 -71.13253 -71.13836 -71.13835 -71.14274 -71.14275 -71.14283 -71.13863 -71.13861 -71.13666 -71.13803 -71.13904 -71.17393 -71.17583 -71.17182 -71.17397 -71.18317 -71.17666 -71.17699 -71.16664 Lat_DD 42.39756 42.39755 42.40453 42.40453 42.41473 42.41474 42.41539 42.41538 42.42071 42.42072 42.44284 42.44443 42.44732 42.45100 42.45574 42.45679 42.47145 42.47148 42.47203 42.47837 42.48072 42.48158 42.48151 42.48768 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-75 DCR-76 DCR-77 DCR-78 DCR-79 DCR-80 DCR-81 DCR-82 DCR-83 DCR-84 DCR-85 DCR-86 DCR-87 DCR-88 DCR-89 DCR-90 DCR-91 DCR-92 DCR-93 DCR-94 DCR-95 DCR-96 DCR-97 DCR-98 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); Appendix 1. High-water marks identified by the USGS and the MA Department of Conservation and Recreation 35

NF NF 3.05 5.14 (ft) 96.59 97.13 94.93 97.03 93.26 50.76 89.57 82.84 79.18 83.40 44.38 40.44 37.18 26.74 25.89 23.35 Elevation Storm March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 16 March 16 - - Notes wall corner wall 1.6 gauge, we marked tree 1.70 stream of bridge marking ing either side of bridge bridge Followed debris line to mark line on wall by street Wrack line & staining on wall Wrack line on wall, marked Wrack Debris line & water stain on line on wall Wrack USGS HWM, stake in ground Leaf line on bank Leaf line & staining Leaf line & soil Slight leaf line/debris line USGS stake at HWM; gauge Debris line, sticks Debris line at top of wall line on wall Wrack line on bidge side wall Wrack Distinct leaf line, 154 down Mark on chain link fence open Other HWM, pink stake on Small wrack line on side of F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G BG BG BG BG Rated Location lot) , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Main St & Middlesex Canal Rd Alfred St Main St at Alfred St Main St at School St & Merrimac Ave Dexter ave & Milan Merrimac St at Dartmouth Mishawum Rd (HWM on tree) Terrace Intervale Birch Meadow Drive off Lowell St St off Willow Ave St & Catherine West Way St & Presidential Woburn Aberjona Drive Salem St & Circle Washington St & Washington & Mack Rd (McDonalds parking Ave Montvale St & Sunset Rd Washington Cross St & Forest Swanton St & Chapin Court Ave Broadway & Sunnyside Alewife Bk Pkwy at Broadway Ave Alewife Bk Pkwy at Mass. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Date River Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Mystic Long_DD -71.16760 -71.15765 -71.15792 -71.15791 -71.15841 -71.15847 -71.15490 -71.13518 -71.11489 -71.12274 -71.13172 -71.14235 -71.12881 -71.12094 -71.11789 -71.12490 -71.13060 -71.13696 -71.13300 -71.13377 Lat_DD 42.48768 42.49643 42.50159 42.50160 42.50873 42.51295 42.51044 42.50358 42.53560 42.53017 42.53084 42.52510 42.49149 42.48582 42.47953 42.46940 42.46724 42.46106 42.40838 42.40710 111 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-99 DCR-100 DCR-101 DCR-102 DCR-103 DCR-104 DCR-105 DCR-106 DCR-107 DCR-108 DCR-109 DCR-110 DCR-111 DCR-112 DCR-113 DCR-114 DCR-115 DCR-116 DCR-117 DCR-118 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); 36 Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts

NF NF 3.74 (ft) 45.46 53.54 53.30 53.95 66.42 45.00 87.51 89.33 93.61 97.17 118.81 121.26 187.84 Elevation Both Both Both Storm March 16 March 16 March 16 March 16 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 March 30 – – Notes bank on walking path wall, 30th HWM water dept parking lot bank edge of field across from factory Wrack line on rock west Wrack line interview with local Wrack Staining on wall & interview Interview and local stain on Leaf line & sediment Lower mark Lower mark March 30 Lower line on side of wall HWM, top of curb Interview, line HWM on structure Wrack Higher mark on USGS gauge line, higher mark Wrack line, higher mark on wall Wrack Upstream from bridge, west F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G Rated Location , Site_ID, unique identifiation of a location, HWM_ID, HWM at Lat_DD, Latitude Massachusetts Ave & Blvd. Rd Ave Massachusetts Ave Alewife Bk Pkwy at Mass. St Walnut Spring St at St Water St Wiley St at Water St Wiley St at Water Kimball Lane at Salem St St Brdg Washington Kendrick St Nahanton Park off Maverick St Brdg St. Chestnut St Brdg Mill St South Main St Brdg Forest Rd Brdg Pearl St – – – – – – – – Date 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 04/08/2010 River Mystic Mystic Saugus Saugus Saugus Saugus Saugus Charles Charles Mother Bk Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Charles Long_DD -71.13637 -71.13722 -71.13595 -71.04195 -71.04664 -71.04663 -71.03666 -71.25870 -71.20874 -71.15987 -71.18066 -71.23727 -71.25992 -71.35155 -71.33136 -71.44455 Lat_DD 42.40097 42.40070 42.40159 42.49843 42.49834 42.49835 42.51186 42.32511 42.29797 42.24901 42.25380 42.25999 42.25618 42.20987 42.15750 42.13095 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 High-water marks (HWMs) identified by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation following March–April 201 0 floods in eastern HWM_ID

GPS_ID DCR-119 DCR-120 DCR-121 DCR-122 DCR-123 DCR-124 DCR-125 DCR-126 DCR-127 DCR-128 DCR-129 DCR-130 DCR-131 DCR-132 DCR-133 DCR-134 Table 1-2. Table Massachusetts.—Continued [GPS_ID, unique identification number used for global position system (GPS) survey Vertical American fair; BG, best guess; Elevation, in feet above North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), Long_DD, Longitude in decimal degrees (NAD83); Rated– G, good; F, in decimal degrees (North not found; –, reported] NF, Datum of 1988 (NAVD88); For additional information, write to: Director U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts Water Science Center 10 Bearfoot Road Northborough, MA 01532 or visit our Web site at: http://ma.water.usgs.gov/

Document prepared by the Pembroke and West Trenton Publishing Service Centers Zarriello and Bent—Elevation of the March–April 2010 Flood High Water in Selected River Reaches in Central and Eastern Massachusetts—Open-File Report 2010–1315 Printed on recycled paper