Motivation and Emotion Unit Five: Chapter 11 SYMBOLISM AND RITUAL eating at McDonald’s
Freedom from Want Norman Rockwell
The human higher brain operates largely in terms of complex symbolism and ritual SYMBOLISM AND RITUAL: Examples MOTIVATION AND EMOTION MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
Motivation
The drive to seek a goal
Emotion
A state of body causing feelings
Thousands of years of evolution has hard-wired our brain to seek what primary goal?
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION: The Lower Brain
MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: The Lower Brain
“Runner’s High”
Feats of Superwomen MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives
Homeostasis The body operates in cycles to maintain balance in the long run – eat, sleep, temperature, emotions, etc.
Hunger: Physical Causes
1. contracting stomach 2. low blood sugar 3. taste receptors are “on” 4. lost weight - shrunken cells
Hunger: Psychological Causes A damaged hypothalamus may not 1. time of day tell us to stop eating 2. smell of food 3. see others eating/availability 4. stress
MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives
Hunger Conflict: Cognition v. the Hypothalamus
MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives
Thirst 1. temperature receptors on the tongue signal for cold or hot drinks 2. body counts water molecules around hypothalamus 3. how much to drink is a learned behavior – athletes know what to drink before event
70% MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs
Curiosity Motive basic human response to need to solve problems
knowledge MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs
Manipulation Motive drive to handle/use objects in environment
Need for Stimulation contact comfort
Need for rocking and touching
Harlow’s Monkeys
MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs
Intrinsic v. Extrinsic Motivation
Internal drives or External drives: Who’s happier?
1. better performance at school and work 2. better psychological adjustment 3. greater creativity 4. general life satisfaction THE THEORY OF NEEDS
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Psychological Motivation
Usually meeting our physiological needs, we can focus more on psychological satisfying activities
Need for Affiliation to belong to and identify with a group
Need for Approval to have others think highly about you
Need for Achievement personal accomplishment
1. Important in our American culture 2. a learned behavior 3. first-born children are higher achievers than later-born 4. Taken too far – stress and eating disorders Can Money Buy Happiness?
EMOTIONS
Characteristics of Human Emotions
Part of our survival system; anger and fear help protect us
Humans often express themselves in a social and symbolic context
All cultures share some basic emotions - universal
Opponent-Process Theory The presence of one emotion triggers the presence of its opposite later.
Facial Expressions Test Cognition and Emotion
How we think about/process a situation can effect our response to it (emotions) situational cues (our environment) help determine a proper response…
…and our emotions can impact how we see our environment EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
to properly feel, recognize and deal with emotions
Emotional Self- Awareness
Daniel Goleman 1946 - Managing Emotions Empathy
Emotional IQ Test Theories of Emotion
Body Emotion James-Lange Theory Something Happens Reacts Produced
Body Reacts and Cannon Bard Theory Something Happens Emotion Produced
We Think About What Schachter’s Cognitive Theory Something Happens Happened and Label It
Emotion Produced