Motivation and Emotion Unit Five: Chapter 11 SYMBOLISM AND RITUAL eating at McDonald’s Freedom from Want Norman Rockwell The human higher brain operates largely in terms of complex symbolism and ritual SYMBOLISM AND RITUAL: Examples MOTIVATION AND EMOTION MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Motivation The drive to seek a goal Emotion A state of body causing feelings Thousands of years of evolution has hard-wired our brain to seek what primary goal? MOTIVATION AND EMOTION: The Lower Brain MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: The Lower Brain “Runner’s High” Feats of Superwomen MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives Homeostasis The body operates in cycles to maintain balance in the long run – eat, sleep, temperature, emotions, etc. Hunger: Physical Causes 1. contracting stomach 2. low blood sugar 3. taste receptors are “on” 4. lost weight - shrunken cells Hunger: Psychological Causes A damaged hypothalamus may not 1. time of day tell us to stop eating 2. smell of food 3. see others eating/availability 4. stress MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives Hunger Conflict: Cognition v. the Hypothalamus MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Our Basic Drives Thirst 1. temperature receptors on the tongue signal for cold or hot drinks 2. body counts water molecules around hypothalamus 3. how much to drink is a learned behavior – athletes know what to drink before event 70% MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs Curiosity Motive basic human response to need to solve problems curiosity knowledge MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs Manipulation Motive drive to handle/use objects in environment Need for Stimulation contact comfort Need for rocking and touching Harlow’s Monkeys MOTIVATIONAL FORCES: Nonsurvival Needs Intrinsic v. Extrinsic Motivation Internal drives or External drives: Who’s happier? 1. better performance at school and work 2. better psychological adjustment 3. greater creativity 4. general life satisfaction THE THEORY OF NEEDS Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Psychological Motivation Usually meeting our physiological needs, we can focus more on psychological satisfying activities Need for Affiliation to belong to and identify with a group Need for Approval to have others think highly about you Need for Achievement personal accomplishment 1. Important in our American culture 2. a learned behavior 3. first-born children are higher achievers than later-born 4. Taken too far – stress and eating disorders Can Money Buy Happiness? EMOTIONS Characteristics of Human Emotions Part of our survival system; anger and fear help protect us Humans often express themselves in a social and symbolic context All cultures share some basic emotions - universal Opponent-Process Theory The presence of one emotion triggers the presence of its opposite later. Facial Expressions Test Cognition and Emotion How we think about/process a situation can effect our response to it (emotions) situational cues (our environment) help determine a proper response… …and our emotions can impact how we see our environment EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE to properly feel, recognize and deal with emotions Emotional Self- Awareness Daniel Goleman 1946 - Managing Emotions Empathy Emotional IQ Test Theories of Emotion Body Emotion James-Lange Theory Something Happens Reacts Produced Body Reacts and Cannon Bard Theory Something Happens Emotion Produced We Think About What Schachter’s Cognitive Theory Something Happens Happened and Label It Emotion Produced .