Motives and the Unconscious 52
Albert Ellis 48. Skinner, B. F. "Critique of Psychoanalytic Concepts and Theories," Scienti/fo -----ANTONY FLEW------ Monthly, 79 : 300-5 ( 1954). 49. Skinner, .B. F. Science and Human Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 1953. 50. Spiker, C. C., aud B. R. McCandless. "The Concept of Intelligcnoc and the Philosophy of Science," Psychological Review, 61: 25 5-66 ( 1954). 51. Sullivan, H. S. Conceptions of Modem Psychiatzy. Washington: William Alan son White Psyc11iatric Foundation, 1947. Motives and the Unconscious 52. T olman, E. C. Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men. New York: Appleton Century, 1932. 53. Tolman, E. C . "Discussion," foumai of Personality, 18:48-50 (1949). There is, for instance, a lack of trained clarifiers, who might properly co-ordinate t11e various propositions with each other or try to eliminate the inequities ot language in psychoanalysis. Ernst Kris (24) I I WANT to do two main things: first, to reformulate, to explain, and, as far as is then necessary, to defend a thesis about the logical status of the discovery of the unconscious mind; and second, to point one or two morals which are implicit in this thesis. It is one salvaged from a controversy which began in the journal, Aualysis, in which it was in adequately and inaccurately formulated, and unfortunately entangled with various curiously misguided side issues (33, 7, 12, 28, 29, 34, 18, and 9). But for the present, without any refinements of qualification, it is simply that the kernel of Freud's discovery was this: if you are prepared so to extend such notions as motive, inteution, purpose, wish, and desire that it becomes proper to speak of motives and so forth which are not known to, and the behavior resulting from which is not under the immediate control of, the person who harbors them, then you can interpret (and even guide) far more of human behavior in terms of concepts of this sort than any sophisticated adult had previously real ized.
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