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Effects of Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder on Military Families: a Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Females Whose Partners Have Been Diagnosed

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Effects of Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder on Military Families: a Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Females Whose Partners Have Been Diagnosed Effects of Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder on Military Families: A qualitative study on the perspectives of females whose partners have been diagnosed By Haley Schroeder A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK Faculty of Social Work University of Manitoba Winnipeg @Haley Schroeder, August 2006 THE UNTVERSITY OF MANITOBA F.A.CULTY OF' GRADUATE STUDMS +gúJ¿ COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Effects of Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder on Military Families: A qualitative study on the perspectives of females whose partners have been diagnosed BY Haley Schroeder A Thesis/?racticum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree OF MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK Haley Schroeder O 2006 Permission has been granted to the Library of the University of Manitoba to lend or sell copies of this thesis/practicum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and to University Microfilms Inc. to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum. This reproduction or copy of this thesis has been made available by authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research, and may only be reproduced and õopied as permitted by copyright laws or with express written authorization from the copyright ownér. Abstract Bffects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Military Families: A qualitative study on the perspectives of females whose partners have been diagnosed Presented are the findings from a qualitative study exarnining the perspectives of eight female partners of Canadian military members/veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data was gathered from semi-structured interviews that followed a blended methods approach. The data revealed the many stresses encountered by the women in the areas of communication, psychological functioning, physical changes and environrnent and space. As well the findings illustrated the increased roles and responsibilities the women were faced with in various areas of the family. Also highlighted are the strengths the women identified in their marriages, their personal coping strategies and their perceptions on suppoft. Specifically thirty+hree themes emerged from this study including development and diagnosis of PTSD, other diagnoses, occupation of respondent's partner at time of onset of PTSD, curent ernployment of respondents' partners, communication about traumatic events, stresses and issues faced, changes in symptoms and spouses perceptions of reasons for change, coping strategies as identified by the respondents, family roles and responsibilities and how these have changed as a result of the PTSD, parenting, resppndents' abilities to meet children's needs, respondents' partner's ability to meet children's needs, communication with children about PTSD, respondents' needs within the rnarriage, changes within the family system respondents would like so their needs are better met, respondents' perspectives on meeting their partners' needs, respondents' perspectives on how they could better meet their partners' needs, wife versus mother, communication , respondents' perspectives on areas of improvement within the marriage, strengths of the marriage, beliefs about marriage, thoughts of leaving the marriage, talking with others about PTSD, social activity and maintaining friendships, support from family, support by health care professionals, respondents' recommendations for health care professionals, military community's perspective on PTSD, military community supports and recommendations from respondents, access to supports, and other comments made by respondents. Implications for social work practice and policy are included. Acknowledqements I started this degree thinking that getting a Master of social work was going to require just a few more classes, a few papers and tests, with a big research paper at the end. How hard could that really be? Well, I found out. Cornpleting this degree challenged me both academically and personally, and pushed my limits further than I thought possible. Although the challenges I faced were difficult, with the support of many I succeeded. I would like to acknowledge the contributions of several individuals, without whom I could not have done this. I would like to acknowledge the eight women who participated in this study and rnade it possible. I thank them for their openness and honesty in sharing their experiences of having a partner diagnosed with PTSD. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Harvy Frankel for all of his guidance and encouragement. I would also like to acknowledge my committee members, Dr. Len Spearman and Dr. Nancy Prober, and would like to thank thern for sharing their knowledge and tirne. Thank you to my co-workers and füends at the Winnipeg Military Family Resource Centre for their support. They are an incredible team that I am proud to be a part of. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to acknowledge my family who have supported me every step of the way. I would like to thank my husban{ Mark, who always knew when I needed a few words of encouragement and when it was a good idea to just give me some space. I would like to thank my dad for just being my dad and being so proud of me; there was no bigger incentive to completing this degree than knowing how proud my accomplishments made him. I struggle with how to say thank you to my biggest supporter, my mom. She spent so many hours helping me reflect on my research, editing 'Words it, and helping me grow personally through the process. really can't express my gratitude. All I can say is "Thanks Mom," for being not only the best mom) but for being my editor, my mentor, and my best füend. lll Table of Contents A8STRACT............... ............. il ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................III TABLE OF CONTENTS ....... 1 LIST OF TA8LES............ ......4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............ 5 DpvaNos op CeNeueN Mrr-rreRy MEMSERS............. .............. 5 MrlrreRv FevlLrgs eno Posr TReutr¿errc SrR¡ss DIsoRo¡R. ................... 5 RELEvaNce ro EvprRrcel Fnqomcs............. ...........1 RelpveNc¡ ro Socrel Wonrc KNowr-eoc¡ Bes¡ ..................... 9 R¡lEvaNcp ro Socw'Wonn Pnacucn.. ................ 9 R¡lpveNc¡ ro Socw Wonrc Polrcv ................... I I CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............... 13 Lrren¿.runE DppwNc CoNsrRucrs............. ......... 13 Copnqc .............. 13 PoST-TRAUMATIC SrRpss DISOROPR ....14 MrurenvFevrLrrs ............ 16 MlureRv Spousp ExppRrENcrNc rHE Eprecrs op PTSD ........17 Fevrlv ..............17 SrREssoRs .........20 Ror-Es eNo RpspoNSrBrLrrrES ...............21 Supponr ............23 R¡vrpw or TupoRprrcAl L1tnReruRE................ ...........;.:.,.. .....................24 TnE ABC-X, Tue Douels ABC-X aNo Tup T DoUBLE ABC-X Moopl ...................24 Svsrsvs TH¡onv aNn Fevrlres UNrpR Srnnss .....................28 CovpessroN Ferlcup Rs SpcoNoeRv TRRUI¿errc SrR¡ss DIsoRo¡R ..... 30 Revnw op Err¿prRrcel LrrEReruRE........... .............32 IogNrrrrcertoN oF THEoRErrcAL, ErvrprRrcAl. AND MprHotor-ocICAL Geps ........ ..... 40 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ........42 RpseeRcn euESTroNS AND HypoTHESES ................42 Exavr¡{erroN oF WHv QuelrrATIVE RpspeRcu Mprsors .... 44 AN OvenvrEw oF Quelnerrvp TReorrroNs .......... .................45 DrecNosrrc CRrreRre VpRsus rnp PHpNoMENoLocICelAppRoecH......................... 48 D¡scRrprloN oF THE RESEARCH DESIGN .................. 49 PRRrrcpeNTS.............. ........ 49 Rolps exo RespoNSrBrLrrtES oF THE REspeRcs¡R AND u¡s RespeRcH Suerecrs..... 51 RpspeRcurR Bres ............... 51 RnsreRcHpn SrercH ..........52 Dere Coll¡crroN............... ................. 53 Dere AN¡,Lvsrs .................. 53 MprHoos roR VERrprcATroN ................ 56 SrReNcrus & LrvrrertoNs.......... ........ 58 SrRENcrss ........ 58 LlvlrerroNs................ ........ 59 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS............ .......... 61 THE PenrrcrpANTS ..............64 ONs¡r & DncNosts op Posr TRAUMATIC STRESS DISoRDER ..................... 65 Ors¡R DTAGNosES .............. 66 OccuperroN o¡ R¡spoNDENT's PaRlvER er TIv¡ or ONspr or PTSD .... 67 CuRRENT Err¿pr-ovvrNT oF RespoNopNts' PaRINpRS.............. .................67 Cotr¡rr¡uNrcATloN Aeour TReuverlc Ev¡Nrs ...... 68 SrR¡ssps & IssuES Fecno ....................70 CueNcps nq Svvprovs & PenrNER's PpRCpPTIoN or Wuv ..................... 90 CoprNc SrRarpcr¡s es IopNttFIED BY rug R¡spoNDENTS..... ....................96 Fnvlly Roles & RpspoNsrBrlrrrEs & How THpsr Hevp CHeNceo es e R¡sulr or' rue Posr TRAUMATIC sTRESS DISoRDER Svvprolr¿s .............. 103 PeRpNrn¡c ......112 Rgspot'¡opNts' AgtLlrv ro MEer CulLpRpN's Np¡os ........... 1 l5 RnspoNlpNts' PeRINERS' AglLItv ro M¡gr CHILDReN's NE¡os ..........111 Corr¿lr¿uNlcATroN wlrn CHrr-oReN Aeour Posr TnaUMATIC SrRpss DtsoRopR....... I 19 RespoNopttts'N¡¡os WITHIN rup MARRIAGE........... ............122 CuaNcps RrspoNrpNrs WouLo Lxp so THer TuEn N¡¡rs ARp Bnrrpn M¡r ..... 127 RpspoNtpNts' PpRSptcrIVES oN Mrnrnqc Tupn PeRr-NpRs' Nepps....................... 130 REspoNIENTs' PpRsppCTIVES oN How Tu¡y CouIp BprrEN M¡Er TUPN PERTN¡RS, N¡Eos...... ........ 133 Wrpp V¡nsus MorupR.... .. 135 CovvrNrcATIoN .............. 136 RpspoNt¡wrs' PeRsp¡crrvE oN AREes on IvpRovEMENT WrrHrN rge MeRRr¿.'c¡.. 139 ilî',J.:H;J#îiåtrå; : ::: ::: :: :: : : : :: :: l1¿ TnoucHrs o¡'LpRvr¡{c MeRRlacE ..............
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